Unit 1 Period 2 Grammar and composition—Simile and metaphor-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第三册（译林版2020）

Period 2　Grammar and composition—Simile and metaphor 阅读以下短文，感知黑体的句子，并把句子序号写在下面横线上 Last term，I made the mistake of taking on too much responsibility，which left me feeling ①my life was like a 100-metre race.Every weekday，②my alarm clock was the starter’s gun that got me racing through my day，which never changed. I attended classes，had sports training，went to the library，had my piano lessons and ③finally reached the finish line，tired and distressed. My weekends were even busier with my homework and volunteer job. I was constantly exhausted. Then I realized that I had to slow down and make some changes. From this term，I prioritized my activities and gave up some non-essential ones.④The end result was like getting off an exercise treadmill.Consequently，now I am less stressed and more importantly，I have extra time to enjoy the activities I am most interested in. 1．Simile：①④ 2．Metaphor：②③ 明喻和暗喻 一、明喻(Simile) 1．明喻是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。明喻的表达方法是：A像B。说甲像乙，也就是说本体像喻体。 明喻的本体、喻体、比喻词都出现，能明显地看出是在打比方。 My heart is like a singing bird. 我的心像一只歌唱的小鸟。 Army and people are as inseparable as fish and water. 军队和人民像鱼水一样不可分离。 Soldiers are like the country’s steel wall，guarding the frontier of their motherland. 战士就像国家的钢铁长城一样，守卫祖国的边疆。 2．在英语中，有很多习语也属于明喻： as busy as a bee极为忙碌 as cross as a bear怒气冲冲 like the bolt from the blue晴天霹雳 to follow like sheep盲从 to spring up like mushrooms雨后春笋 3．任何明喻必须具备以下条件： (1)本体和喻体分属不同性质的事物并同时出现在句中。 The tiger is as brave as the lion. 老虎像狮子一样勇敢。(×) (2)本体和喻体必须在某一点上(声色、形状、性质、功能等)相似，即有所谓的相似点(similarity)。 The diamond is as blue as the great sea. 钻石像大海一样蓝。 4．常用比喻词有： like；unlike；it was a bit like；can be likened to；as；as if；as though；as it were；as comparable to；may be compared to；similar to；etc. My mind goes round and round like the earth. 我的大脑像地球一样不停地转动。 That man can’t be trusted. He’s as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信，他像鳝鱼一样狡猾。 5．as if/as though 引导的启发型明喻，其特点是通过暗示性的联想引发人们洞察深层的内涵，所设的比喻或许不一定能直接理解，但是一经思索，必达豁然，因此这一比喻有言近意远的效果。 She treats him as if he were the fount of all knowledge. 她把他当成无所不晓。 二、暗喻(Metaphor) 暗喻是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一种事物去暗示另一个事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方。 暗喻的结构特征，可以分为3个类型： (1)喻体直述式：把本体和喻体说成是一件事。(“noun” pattern名词型) A book that is shut is but a block. 总是合着的书只不过是一块砖头而已。 College is a comma of a sentence of life. 大学是人生长句的一个逗号。 (2)喻体半隐式(“verb” pattern动词型) He doesn’t have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say. 他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。 They stormed the speaker with questions. 他们猛烈质问演讲者。 (3)喻体全隐式 Some books are to be tasted，others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 一些书浅尝即可，另外一些书则要囫囵吞下，只有少数的书才值得咀嚼和消化。(把 book比作food，但food 这个喻体并没有出现。取而代之的是 taste，swallow，chew，digest) 完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用明喻和暗喻 虽然杰克平时极为忙碌，但他还是每天早晨坚持锻炼。开满樱花的校园，看起来犹如粉红色的雪铺满大地。为跑步做好准备后，他像箭一样开始跑步。在跑道上跑了一圈后，他热得像火一样。他告诉自己不要放弃并且应该镇定自若。当他最终到达终点时，杰克简直是一道闪电。 Though 1.Jack is usually as busy as a bee，he always exercises every morning.The schoolyard，covered with cherry blossoms,2.looks as if/though it were covered with pink snow.After getting ready for the running，he began to run 3.like an arrow.After running a lap around the track，he was 4.as hot as fire.He told himself not to give up and that 5.he should be as cool as a cucumber.When he finally reached the finishing line，Jack was 6.a streak of lightning. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Anne and Todd thought something was a little different with their son Christopher during those early months.Over the next two months，Anne and Todd realized Christopher wasn’t visually tracking objects properly and they became nervous.They began doing online research and the results were overwhelming.“We thought Christopher’s symptoms sounded like Optic Nerve Hypoplasia(ONH)，an underdevelopment of the optic nerve(视神经)，but we didn’t want to believe it，” Anne recalled.Their baby doctor referred them to a renowned eye doctor，who confirmed their guessing. Anne and Todd started Christopher with treatments immediately and began receiving services from their local regional center.Then a parent referred them to the Blind Children’s Center(BCC)，which would mark a turning point for the whole family. Anne and Todd，who met at Southwestern Law School，were both working full-time and，admittedly，Christopher’s needs presented challenges.“Christopher wasn’t sleeping well at night，” Anne remembered.“It became clear that one parent had to stop working，so after ten years as a lawyer，I decided to put my career on hold to focus on Christopher’s growth and education.” It was a difficult decision，but Anne and Todd knew it was the right one.The first call Anne made was to the BCC.Christopher would start immediately in the infant class(幼儿班)． Christopher benefited from interacting with the other children in the infant program，some of whom were visually impaired like him，and some were sighted.“The inclusive environment was the major reason we wanted Christopher to go here，” Anne said.“That atmosphere is non-existent in most schools.You don’t want your child in a class totally made up of children with special needs.Even if your scholastic environment caters to you，the outside world won’t.” Now，Christopher’s speech and articulateness skills have improved a lot.He went from being an unfortunate infant to a lively and talkative child，Anne said.“He has patience and even when he gets disappointed，he pushes through and completes what he needs to complete.He believes in himself and he knows what it’s like to be successful.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anne和Todd发觉儿子Christopher视力异常后，把他送去了一所特殊的学校，Christopher在学校适应良好并培养了良好的品格。 1．What did Anne and Todd do first when they found Christopher’s difference? A．They blamed themselves for carelessness. B．They consulted an experienced eye doctor. C．They searched the Internet for information. D．They sought help from the local regional center. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，Anne和Todd在发现儿子的异常后，首先在网络上做了一些调查研究。故选C。 2．Why did Anne and Todd choose the BCC? A．It had both blind and sighted students. B．It provided hands-on learning experiences. C．It was totally for students with special needs. D．It applied a student-centered teaching method. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Anne和Todd不希望儿子处在一个完全由特殊儿童组成的班级里。BCC的课堂中既有视力受损的儿童，也有视力正常的儿童，正是这样包容性的课堂环境是他们选择BCC的主要原因。故选A。 3．What does the underlined word “articulateness” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Management. B．Expression. C．Observation. D．Calculation. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Christopher’s speech”以及下一句可知，Christopher从一个不幸的幼儿变成了一个活泼健谈的孩子，由此可推知，他的言语和表达能力得到了很大的提高。故画线单词的意思为“表达”。故选B。 4．Which of the following can best describe Christopher? A．Humorous and ambitious. B．Determined and confident. C．Generous and hard-working. D．Courageous and conventional. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Anne所说的话可推知，Christopher是一个坚定且自信的人。故选B。 B People living in some northern Italian towns face fines for wasting water as mayors ration(定量供应) supplies amid a severe drought. Italy has had one of its driest winters in the last 65 years，with rainfall 80% lower than the seasonal average.The situation has been more acute in northern regions，where some areas have been deprived(剥夺) of significant rainfall for three months or more.The Po，the country’s longest river，is at its lowest level recorded in winter since 1972. Mayors of towns in regions including Piedmont，Liguria，Lombardy and Trentino have introduced water-rationing measures，ranging from fountains being switched off and nightly restrictions on tap water to bans on using water for gardens and allotments(小块菜地)，for washing cars and filling swimming pools. “I don’t ever recall a situation of this kind in winter.We haven’t had any rain since 8 December，” said Francesco Pietrasanta，the mayor of Quarona，a town in Piedmont.“The rule is to only use water for real necessity，such as for hygiene(卫生) or food reasons.” The winter drought followed an intense，protected heatwave across Italy last summer.In August，Siracusa in Sicily is believed to have broken the European record for the highest temperature when it recorded a figure of 48.8℃.Snowfall has also been below average this winter.Scientists have long predicted that the climate crisis and global heating would lead to more frequent extreme weather. Rain is forecast in the north and the rest of Italy from Wednesday，although Pietrasanta said it would need to be significant to resolve the water shortage.“We might get some rain on Friday but I’m not sure it will be enough，” he said.“This situation ought to make us think about changing policy to manage water in a different way，especially with climate change.” 5．Why are the statistics listed in paragraph 2? A．To stress the severity of drought. B．To show climate differences in regions. C．To present the consequence of low temperature. D．To discuss the possibility of rainfall. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是首尾两句可推知，段中列举各项数据是为了强调干旱的严重程度。故选A。 6．Which of the following actions will be fined? A．Turning off fountains. B．Swimming in public pools. C．Watering gardens in the morning. D．Using modest tap water at night. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段内容可知，早上给花园浇水会被罚款。故选C。 7．What may lead to the winter drought according to paragraph 5? A．The ongoing climate change. B．The heatwave last summer. C．The absence of snowfall. D．The overconsumption of water. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可推知，导致冬季干旱的原因是持续的气候变化。故选A。 8．What can we infer from Pietrasanta’s words in the last paragraph? A．Similar situations have appeared before in northern Italy. B．Measures should be adopted to tackle water shortage. C．The coming rain will be sufficient to solve problems. D．Proper policies have been put in place since the crisis. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Pietrasanta说的话可推知，Pietrasanta认为降雨量可能不足，还需要采取措施解决水资源短缺问题。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空 (2023·南通高三统考期末) A passion for sewing has been in my family for several generations，and with a few lessons from my grandma and brother，I became pretty 1 about it.So I decided to give scrunchies(发圈，发带) a try! My first 2 was a disaster，but I kept on trying until I eventually 3 the art of scrunchie-making. When I was first 4 ，I would sit at the machine for hours on end，just managing to 5 an item I was eager to sell.I didn’t get bored or 6 ；I was just so determined to complete and 7 get it on the market. I began selling my items to my friends，and now I’m selling dresses as well! My 8 have won me a reputation，for each item was 9 with great love and care. My family and friends have offered me their constant 10 and feedback(反馈)．They helped me learn how to run， 11 and plan a whole business.Most of the time，their feedback is 12 ，but they’re not afraid to tell me if I could have done something better.I’ve also had to 13 negative feedback，which enables me to be more 14 when something doesn’t work out the way as I planned. My advice for anyone looking to start up their very own 15 would be to start small and build yourself up.Enjoy，and trust in the journey! 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者在创业过程中的收获与心得，并且对那些想创业的人给出了自己的建议。 1．A.nervous B．confused C．disappointed D．confident 答案　D 解析　根据前文“with a few lessons from my grandma and brother”可知，在奶奶和哥哥的教导下，作者变得对缝纫相当有信心。故选D。 2．A.permission B．attempt C．proposal D．exhibition 答案　B 解析　根据后文“but I kept on trying”可知，作者的第一次尝试失败了，所以作者一直尝试。故选B。 3．A.mastered B．considered C．created D．remembered 答案　A 解析　根据前文“but I kept on trying”可知，作者一直尝试直到最终掌握了制作发圈的艺术。故选A。 4．A.looking out B．falling down C．starting out D．calming down 答案　C 解析　根据“When I was first”和后文“I would sit at the machine for hours on end”可知，此处是指作者刚开始制作发圈的时候。故选C。 5．A.perfect B．attract C．replace D．praise 答案　A 解析　根据后文“I was just so determined to complete and get it on the market”可知，作者决定将制作的发圈推向市场，所以努力把想要出售的商品做得完美。故选A。 6．A.excited B．scared C．surprised D．tired 答案　D 解析　根据后文“I was just so determined to complete and get it on the market”可知，作者决定将制作的发圈推向市场，所以不会感到无聊或疲惫。故选D。 7．A.particularly B．eventually C．apparently D．previously 答案　B 解析　根据前文“just managing to an item I was eager to sell”可知，作者决心做好发圈并最终将其推向市场。故选B。 8．A.debts B．products C．excuses D．attitudes 答案　B 解析　根据后文“for each item was with great love and care”可知，是作者的产品为作者赢得了声誉。故选B。 9．A.displayed B．compared C．sewn D．shared 答案　C 解析　根据前文“have won me a reputation”可推知，作者所售卖的产品赢得了声誉是因为它们都是用极大的爱和关怀缝制出来的。故选C。 10．A.support B．politeness C．curiosity D．sympathy 答案　A 解析　根据后文“They helped me learn how to run”可知，作者的家人和朋友一直为作者提供支持。故选A。 11．A.refuse B．leave C．change D．manage 答案　D 解析　根据前文“They helped me learn how to run”和后文“and plan a whole business”可知，此处表示作者的家人和朋友帮助作者学习经营、管理和规划一桩完整的生意。故选D。 12．A.aimless B．educational C．positive D．embarrassing 答案　C 解析　根据后文的“but they’re not afraid to tell me if I could have done something better”可推知，作者的家人和朋友给出的大部分反馈都是正面的。故选C。 13．A.come across B．deal with C．wait for D．insist on 答案　B 解析　根据后文“negative feedback”可知，作者也需要处理一些负面反馈。故选B。 14．A.honored B．satisfied C．astonished D．determined 答案　D 解析　根据前文“I’ve also had to negative feedback”可知，当事情没有按照作者计划的方式进行时，这些负面反馈能让作者变得更加坚定。故选D。 15．A.business B．training C．fashion D．research 答案　A 解析　根据上文中的“learn how to run， and plan a whole business”可知，这是作者结合自身经历给那些要创业的人的建议。故选A。 Ⅲ.语法填空 Against a backdrop of misty green forests and with its buildings on stilts(桩) above the River Tuo，Fenghuang is a picturesque place to spend a day or two.Its winding alleys，lined with traditional shops，lead 1. narrow wooden bridges and stepping-stones that cross the river. Although the town can get 2. (extreme) busy with continual tour groups，it has managed 3. (preserve) much of its traditional architecture.Wandering off the main streets 4. (allow) you to get a sense of 5. it would have been like before the tourists began to visit and taste the local delicacies including bamboo rat，frog and snake. Fenghuang itself does have a section of rebuilt Ming city walls 6. (run) along its riverbank，but it’s the Miaojiang Great Wall that is the main draw here.Built in 1554，during the Ming Dynasty 7. (defend) against the Miao，the wall 8. (destroy) partly by Miao ethnic group and then rebuilt under the Qing rulers，who also sought to strengthen their power through 9. control of China’s southern minorities.Nowadays only a section is 10. (access)，but it’s still an impressive sight，offering great views of the surrounding countryside. 1．答案　to 解析　考查介词。此处表示“通向”，用固定短语lead to。故填to。 2．答案　extremely 解析　考查副词。此处应用副词extremely修饰形容词busy。故填extremely。 3．答案　to preserve 解析　考查非谓语动词。manage to do“设法，努力做某事”，为固定搭配，此处为动词不定式作宾语成分。故填to preserve。 4．答案　allows 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。动名词短语Wandering off the main streets作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，此处描述一般事实，用一般现在时。故填allows。 5．答案　what 解析　考查宾语从句。分析句子可知，此处为介宾结构，of后加宾语从句作sense的定语。在宾语从句中，连接代词what作like的宾语，意为“……的样子”。故填what。 6．答案　running 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处应用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰walls。因walls与run为主动关系，所以用现在分词。故填running。 7．答案　defence/defense 解析　考查名词。由during“在……时期”后接名词可知，此处应填名词形式，表示“在明朝抵抗苗族的时候”。故填defence/defense。 8．答案　was destroyed 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。由the wall和动词destroy为被动关系可知，此处为被动语态结构，由时间状语during the Ming Dynasty...可知，用一般过去时态，且主语为单数。故填was destroyed。 9．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。由control of China’s southern minorities“南方少数民族的控制”可知，此处表示特指的概念。故用定冠词the表特指。故填the。 10．答案　accessible 解析　考查形容词。分析句子及句意可知，此处应填形容词作表语，表示“可进入的”。故填accessible。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$