Unit1 Section Ⅲ Grammar and composition-（课件PPT+Word教案）【步步高】2024-2025学年高二英语选修第三册教师用书（译林版2020）

Section Ⅲ　Grammar and composition 阅读以下短文，感知黑体的句子，并把句子序号写在下面横线上。 Last term，I made the mistake of taking on too much responsibility，which left me feeling ①my life was like a 100-metre race.Every weekday，②my alarm clock was the starter’s gun that got me racing through my day，which never changed.I attended classes，had sports training，went to the library，had my piano lessons and ③finally reached the finish line，tired and distressed.My weekends were even busier with my homework and volunteer job.I was constantly exhausted.Then I realized that I had to slow down and make some changes.From this term，I prioritized my activities and gave up some non-essential ones.④The end result was like getting off an exercise treadmill.Consequently，now I am less stressed and more importantly，I have extra time to enjoy the activities I am most interested in. 1．Similes：①④ 2．Metaphors：②③ 明喻和暗喻 一、明喻(Simile) 1．明喻是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。明喻的表达方法是：A像B。说甲像乙，也就是说本体像喻体。 明喻的本体、喻体、比喻词都出现，能明显地看出是在打比方。 My heart is like a singing bird. 我的心像一只歌唱的小鸟。 Army and people are as inseparable as fish and water.军队和人民像鱼和水一样不可分离。 Soldiers are like the country’s steel wall，guarding the frontier of their motherland. 战士就像国家的钢铁长城一样，守卫祖国的边疆。 2．在英语中，有很多习语也属于明喻： as busy as a bee极为忙碌 as cross as a bear怒气冲冲 like the bolt from the blue晴天霹雳 to follow like sheep盲从 to spring up like mushrooms雨后春笋 3．任何明喻必须具备以下条件： (1)本体和喻体分属不同性质的事物并同时出现在句中。 The tiger is as brave as the lion. 老虎像狮子一样勇敢。(×) (2)本体和喻体必须在某一点上(声色、形状、性质、功能等)相似，即有所谓的相似点(similarity)。 The diamond is as blue as the great sea. 这颗钻石像大海一样蓝。 4．常用比喻词有： like；unlike；it was a bit like；can be likened to；as；as if；as though；as it were；as comparable to；may be compared to；similar to；etc. My mind goes round and round like the earth. 我的大脑像地球一样不停地转动。 That man can’t be trusted.He’s as slippery as an eel.那个人不可信，他像鳝鱼一样狡猾。 5．as if/as though 引导的启发型明喻，其特点是通过暗示性的联想引发人们洞察深层的内涵，所设的比喻或许不一定能直接理解，但是一经思索，必达豁然，因此这一比喻有言近意远的效果。 She treats him as if he were the fount of all knowledge.她把他当成无所不晓。 二、暗喻(Metaphor) 暗喻是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一种事物去暗示另一个事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方。 暗喻的结构特征，可以分为3个类型： (1)喻体直述式：把本体和喻体说成是一件事。(“noun” pattern名词型) A book that is shut is but a block. 总是合着的书只不过是一块砖头而已。 College is a comma of a sentence of life. 大学是人生长句的一个逗号。 (2)喻体半隐式(“verb” pattern动词型) He doesn’t have an idea of his own.He just parrots what other people say. 他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。 They stormed the speaker with questions. 他们猛烈质问演讲者。 (3)喻体全隐式 Some books are to be tasted，others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 一些书浅尝即可，另外一些书则要囫囵吞下，只有少数的书才值得咀嚼和消化。(把 book比作food，但food 这个喻体并没有出现。取而代之的是 taste，swallow，chew，digest) Ⅰ.写出下列句子使用了哪种修辞手法—simile/metaphor 1．He didn’t think he could go any further.His legs felt like pieces of wood—heavy and stiff.simile 2．Ben’s temper was a volcano，ready to explode.metaphor 3．The road ahead was a ribbon stretching across the desert.metaphor 4．I felt a lump in my throat，tears welling up in my eyes.metaphor 5．As happy as a lark is my daughter，whose presence makes everyone happy and relaxed.simile Ⅱ.运用修辞完成下列句子 1．珍妮控制不住她内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。 Jenny couldn’t resist her inner joy，flying into the door like a bird. 2．我感觉自己好像漂浮在一片悲伤的海洋中。 I feel as if I were floating in an ocean of sadness. 3．她非常紧张，以至于像风中的树叶一样颤抖着。 She was so nervous that she was shaking like a leaf in the wind. 4．她的头发像是一条流淌在她肩上的金色河流。 Her hair was a flowing golden river streaming down her shoulders. 5．她脸上的微笑就像夏日里的阳光一样灿烂。 The smile on her face was as vibrant as the sun on a summer day. Ⅲ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用明喻和暗喻 虽然杰克平时极为忙碌，但他还是参加了所在城市一年一度的跑步比赛。比赛在一所种了很多樱花树的校园里举行。跑道上落满了樱花，看起来犹如粉红色的雪铺满大地。哨声响了之后，他像箭一样冲了出去。跑了一圈后，他热得像火一样，但他告诉自己不要放弃，应该镇定自若。当最终到达终点时，杰克简直是一道闪电。 Though 1.Jack is usually as busy as a bee，he still participates in the annual running race in his city.The competition was held on a campus with many cherry blossom trees planted.The running track was covered in cherry blossoms，2.looking like pink snow covering the ground.After a whistle，he rushed out 3.like an arrow.After running a lap，he was 4.as hot as fire，but he told himself not to give up and 5.should be as cool as a cucumber.When Jack finally reached the finish line，he was 6.a streak of lightning. 训练2　Grammar and composition [分值：35分] Ⅰ.阅读理解(每小题2.5分，共20分) A Anne and Todd thought something was a little different with their son Christopher during those early months.Over the next two months，Anne and Todd realized Christopher wasn’t visually tracking objects properly and they became nervous.They began doing online research and the results were overwhelming.“We thought Christopher’s symptoms sounded like Optic Nerve Hypoplasia(ONH)，an underdevelopment of the optic nerve(视神经)，but we didn’t want to believe it，” Anne recalled.Their baby doctor referred them to a renowned eye doctor，who confirmed their guessing. Anne and Todd started Christopher with treatments immediately and began receiving services from their local regional center.Then a parent referred them to the Blind Children’s Center(BCC)，which would mark a turning point for the whole family. Anne and Todd，who met at Southwestern Law School，were both working full-time and，admittedly，Christopher’s needs presented challenges.“Christopher wasn’t sleeping well at night，” Anne remembered.“It became clear that one parent had to stop working，so after ten years as a lawyer，I decided to put my career on hold to focus on Christopher’s growth and education.” It was a difficult decision，but Anne and Todd knew it was the right one.The first call Anne made was to the BCC.Christopher would start immediately in the infant class(幼儿班)． Christopher benefited from interacting with the other children in the infant program，some of whom were visually impaired like him，and some were sighted.“The inclusive environment was the major reason we wanted Christopher to go here，” Anne said.“That atmosphere is non-existent in most schools.You don’t want your child in a class totally made up of children with special needs.Even if your scholastic environment caters to you，the outside world won’t.” Now，Christopher’s speech and articulateness skills have improved a lot.He went from being an unfortunate infant to a lively and talkative child，Anne said.“He has patience and even when he gets disappointed，he pushes through and completes what he needs to complete.He believes in himself and he knows what it’s like to be successful.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Anne和Todd发觉儿子Christopher视力异常后，把他送去了一所特殊的学校，Christopher在学校适应良好并培养了良好的品格。 1．What did Anne and Todd do first when they found Christopher’s difference? A．They blamed themselves for carelessness. B．They consulted an experienced eye doctor. C．They searched the Internet for information. D．They sought help from the local regional center. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二、三句可知，Anne和Todd在发现儿子的异常后，首先在网络上做了一些调查研究。故选C。 2．Why did Anne and Todd choose the BCC? A．It had both blind and sighted students. B．It provided hands-on learning experiences. C．It was totally for students with special needs. D．It applied a student-centered teaching method. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段可知，Anne和Todd不希望儿子处在一个完全由特殊儿童组成的班级里。BCC的课堂中既有视力受损的儿童，也有视力正常的儿童，正是这样包容性的课堂环境是他们选择BCC的主要原因。故选A。 3．What does the underlined word “articulateness” in the last paragraph probably mean? A．Management. B．Expression. C．Observation. D．Calculation. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“Christopher’s speech”以及下一句可知，Christopher从一个不幸的幼儿变成了一个活泼健谈的孩子，由此可推知，他的言语和表达能力得到了很大的提高。故画线单词的意思为“表达”。故选B。 4．Which of the following can best describe Christopher? A．Humorous and ambitious. B．Determined and confident. C．Generous and hard-working. D．Courageous and conventional. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Anne所说的话可推知，Christopher是一个坚定且自信的人。故选B。 B People living in some northern Italian towns face fines for wasting water as mayors ration(定量供应) supplies amid a severe drought. Italy has had one of its driest winters in the last 65 years，with rainfall 80% lower than the seasonal average.The situation has been more acute in northern regions，where some areas have been deprived(剥夺) of significant rainfall for three months or more.The Po，the country’s longest river，is at its lowest level recorded in winter since 1972. Mayors of towns in regions including Piedmont，Liguria，Lombardy and Trentino have introduced water-rationing measures，ranging from fountains being switched off and nightly restrictions on tap water to bans on using water for gardens and allotments(小块菜地)，for washing cars and filling swimming pools. “I don’t ever recall a situation of this kind in winter.We haven’t had any rain since 8 December，” said Francesco Pietrasanta，the mayor of Quarona，a town in Piedmont.“The rule is to only use water for real necessity，such as for hygiene(卫生) or food reasons.” The winter drought followed an intense，protected heatwave across Italy last summer.In August，Siracusa in Sicily is believed to have broken the European record for the highest temperature when it recorded a figure of 48.8℃.Snowfall has also been below average this winter.Scientists have long predicted that the climate crisis and global heating would lead to more frequent extreme weather. Rain is forecast in the north and the rest of Italy from Wednesday，although Pietrasanta said it would need to be significant to resolve the water shortage.“We might get some rain on Friday but I’m not sure it will be enough，” he said.“This situation ought to make us think about changing policy to manage water in a different way，especially with climate change.” 语篇解读　本文是新闻报道。文章报道了意大利降雨量减少，干旱严重，多地出台限水措施。 5．Why are the statistics listed in paragraph 2? A．To stress the severity of drought. B．To show climate differences in regions. C．To present the consequence of low temperature. D．To discuss the possibility of rainfall. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段内容尤其是首尾两句可推知，段中列举各项数据是为了强调干旱的严重程度。故选A。 6．Which of the following actions will be fined? A．Turning off fountains. B．Swimming in public pools. C．Watering gardens in the morning. D．Using modest tap water at night. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段和第三段内容可知，早上给花园浇水会被罚款。故选C。 7．What may lead to the winter drought according to paragraph 5? A．The ongoing climate change. B．The heatwave last summer. C．The absence of snowfall. D．The overconsumption of water. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段内容可推知，导致冬季干旱的原因是持续的气候变化。故选A。 8．What can we infer from Pietrasanta’s words in the last paragraph? A．Similar situations have appeared before in northern Italy. B．Measures should be adopted to tackle water shortage. C．The coming rain will be sufficient to solve problems. D．Proper policies have been put in place since the crisis. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中Pietrasanta说的话可推知，Pietrasanta认为降雨量可能不足，还需要采取措施解决水资源短缺问题。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空(每小题1分，共15分) I am a professor of psychology.Some time ago，I got halfway through a day of teaching before a co-worker pointed out to me I was quite __1__ wearing a different pair of shoes，one red and one black.I felt so __2__ and upset but I would have to go to teach my __3__ like this.When I noticed how much I wanted to disappear and avoid this __4__，I was determined to face it __5__.I walked into class and __6__ to the students that I was wearing two shoes from __7__ pairs，and directed their attention to my feet.Everyone laughed and we went on with class.Years later，a __8__ in that class told me that this was the moment she first thought that maybe，just maybe，she could be a professor，too. I __9__ my mistake because I realized that trying to hide it was weakening my ability to concentrate my mind on my teaching—but I had no idea that it would also help shorten the __10__ distance between my students and myself. Many contexts may __11__ or shame people for making mistakes.Our efforts to avoid them __12__ our desires for success，and how others will respond to our mistakes.We might feel __13__ and shame if we do make some. However，mistake-making is part of learning new things，and it can __14__ us closer to others.It __15__ up the possibility of accepting mistakes gladly，letting us be more open and engaged in what we are doing. 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章介绍了作者通过主动告诉学生自己犯的错误，不但消除了自己内心的尴尬、沮丧，同时还拉近了自己与学生之间的距离。 1．A.impatiently B．carelessly C．quietly D．slowly 答案　B 解析　impatiently不耐烦地；carelessly粗心地；quietly安静地；slowly缓慢地。根据下文“wearing a different pair of shoes”可知，此处指作者由于粗心穿错了鞋，故选B。 2．A.confused B．touched C．terrified D．embarrassed 答案　D 解析　confused困惑的；touched感动的；terrified害怕的；embarrassed尴尬的。空处和“upset”并列，结合语境可知，穿错鞋应是感到尴尬，故选D。 3．A.aim B．book C．course D．feeling 答案　C 解析　aim目的；book书；course课程；feeling感觉。根据上文“I got halfway through a day of teaching”可知，作者一天的教学还没完成，指必须这样去教授课程，故选C。 4．A.situation B．direction C．operation D．option 答案　A 解析　situation情况；direction方向；operation操作，手术；option选择。结合语境可知，此处指作者想要避免穿错鞋去上课这种情况，故选A。 5．A.besides B．moreover C．instead D．otherwise 答案　C 解析　besides此外；moreover而且；instead反而；otherwise否则。根据上文“how much I wanted to disappear and avoid”和“I was determined to face it”可知，前后句是相反的情况，即当意识到自己有多想避免这样的情况时，作者反而决定去面对它，故选C。 6．A.shouted B．appealed C．called D．announced 答案　D 解析　shout大喊；appeal呼吁；call打电话；announce宣布。根据下文“to the students”可知，此处指作者作为老师向同学们宣布自己穿错了鞋，故选D。 7．A.beautiful B．fancy C．different D．colorful 答案　C 解析　beautiful美丽的；fancy精致的，奢华的；different不同的；colorful多彩的。根据上文“I was quite ______ wearing a different pair of shoes”可知，作者穿了两双鞋中的各一只，故选C。 8．A.worker B．teacher C．student D．peer 答案　C 解析　worker工人；teacher老师；student学生；peer同龄人。结合上文“to the students that I was wearing two shoes...”以及空后“in that class”可知，作者告诉同学们自己穿错了鞋，此处指当时那个班里的一个学生听完作者说的话后想到自己以后也可以成为教授，故选C。 9．A.shared B．made C．avoided D．corrected 答案　A 解析　share把自己的想法(或经历、情感)告诉(某人)；make制作；avoid避免；correct纠正。结合上文“I walked into class and ______ to the students that...”可知，作者把自己的错误告诉了学生，故选A。 10．A.physical B．psychological C．critical D．economical 答案　B 解析　physical身体的；psychological心理的；critical关键的；economical经济的。根据上文“...told me that this was the moment she first thought that...”可知，作者将自己的错误告诉学生的做法使一名学生感觉自己也可以成为教授，故此处指缩短了自己和学生之间心理上的距离，故选B。 11．A.recognize B．stop C．help D．punish 答案　D 解析　recognize识别；stop停止；help帮助；punish惩罚。根据下文“shame people for making mistakes”可知，犯错误应是会受惩罚，故选D。 12．A.result from B．come out C．give off D．take on 答案　A 解析　result from由于；come out出现，出版；give off释放，放出；take on呈现。结合句意可知，空后表示原因，因为我们渴望成功，所以我们努力避免犯错，故选A。 13．A.self-control B．self-respect C．self-confidence D．self-criticism 答案　D 解析　self-control自我控制；self-respect自我尊重；self-confidence自信；self-criticism自我批评。空处和“shame”并列，所以指我们犯错时会自我批评，感到羞愧，故选D。 14．A.draw B．force C．push D．affect 答案　A 解析　draw拉(动)，(向某个方向)移动；force强迫；push推；affect影响。结合空后的“us closer to others”可知，此处指犯错能拉近我们与别人的距离，故选A。 15．A.clears B．opens C．turns D．uses 答案　B 解析　clear清理；open打开；turn翻转；use使用。根据下文“letting us be more open”可知，它开启了欣然接受错误的可能性，故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Section Ⅲ Unit 1 Grammar and composition Managing yourself 阅读以下短文，感知并猜测加颜色的句子，并把句子序号写在下面横线上。 Last term，I made the mistake of taking on too much responsibility，which left me feeling ①my life was like a 100-metre race.Every weekday，②my alarm clock was the starter’s gun that got me racing through my day，which never changed.I attended classes，had sports training，went to the library，had my piano lessons and ③finally reached the finish line，tired and distressed.My weekends were even busier with my homework and volunteer job.I was constantly exhausted.Then I realized that I had to slow down and make some changes. 语境感悟 From this term，I prioritized my activities and gave up some non-essential ones.④The end result was like getting off an exercise treadmill.Consequently，now I am less stressed and more importantly，I have extra time to enjoy the activities I am most interested in. 1.Similes：________ 2.Metaphors：________ ①④ ②③ 语法精讲 明喻和暗喻 一、明喻(Simile) 1.明喻是常用as或like等词将具有某种共同特征的两种不同事物连接起来的一种修辞手法。明喻的表达方法是：A像B。说甲像乙，也就是说本体像喻体。 明喻的本体、喻体、比喻词都出现，能明显地看出是在打比方。 My heart is like a singing bird. 我的心像一只歌唱的小鸟。 Army and people are as inseparable as fish and water.军队和人民像鱼和水一样不可分离。 Soldiers are like the country’s steel wall，guarding the frontier of their motherland. 战士就像国家的钢铁长城一样，守卫祖国的边疆。 2.在英语中，有很多习语也属于明喻： as busy as a bee极为忙碌 as cross as a bear怒气冲冲 like the bolt from the blue晴天霹雳 to follow like sheep盲从 to spring up like mushrooms雨后春笋 3.任何明喻必须具备以下条件： (1)本体和喻体分属不同性质的事物并同时出现在句中。 The tiger is as brave as the lion. 老虎像狮子一样勇敢。(×) (2)本体和喻体必须在某一点上(声色、形状、性质、功能等)相似，即有所谓的相似点(similarity)。 The diamond is as blue as the great sea. 这颗钻石像大海一样蓝。 4.常用比喻词有： like；unlike；it was a bit like；can be likened to；as；as if；as though；as it were；as comparable to；may be compared to；similar to；etc. My mind goes round and round like the earth. 我的大脑像地球一样不停地转动。 That man can’t be trusted.He’s as slippery as an eel.那个人不可信，他像鳝鱼一样狡猾。 5.as if/as though 引导的启发型明喻，其特点是通过暗示性的联想引发人们洞察深层的内涵，所设的比喻或许不一定能直接理解，但是一经思索，必达豁然，因此这一比喻有言近意远的效果。 She treats him as if he were the fount of all knowledge.她把他当成无所不晓。 二、暗喻(Metaphor) 暗喻是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征，用一种事物去暗示另一个事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体间不用比喻词，只是在暗中打比方。 暗喻的结构特征，可以分为3个类型： (1)喻体直述式：把本体和喻体说成是一件事。(“noun” pattern名词型) A book that is shut is but a block. 总是合着的书只不过是一块砖头而已。 College is a comma of a sentence of life. 大学是人生长句的一个逗号。 (2)喻体半隐式(“verb” pattern动词型) He doesn’t have an idea of his own.He just parrots what other people say. 他没有自己的观点，只会鹦鹉学舌。 They stormed the speaker with questions. 他们猛烈质问演讲者。 (3)喻体全隐式 Some books are to be tasted，others to be swallowed and some few to be chewed and digested. 一些书浅尝即可，另外一些书则要囫囵吞下，只有少数的书才值得咀嚼和消化。(把 book比作food，但food 这个喻体并没有出现。取而代之的是 taste，swallow，chew，digest) Ⅰ.写出下列句子使用了哪种修辞手法—simile/metaphor 1.He didn’t think he could go any further.His legs felt like pieces of wood—heavy and stiff. 2.Ben’s temper was a volcano，ready to explode. 3.The road ahead was a ribbon stretching across the desert. 4.I felt a lump in my throat，tears welling up in my eyes. 5.As happy as a lark is my daughter，whose presence makes everyone happy and relaxed. 达标检测 simile ______ __________ _________ _________ ______ metaphor metaphor metaphor simile Ⅱ.运用修辞完成下列句子 1.珍妮控制不住她内心的喜悦，像小鸟一样飞进了家门。 Jenny couldn’t resist her inner joy， . 2.我感觉自己好像漂浮在一片悲伤的海洋中。 I feel as if . 3.她非常紧张，以至于像风中的树叶一样颤抖着。 She was so nervous that . flying into the door like a bird I were floating in an ocean of sadness she was shaking like a leaf in the wind 4.她的头发像是一条流淌在她肩上的金色河流。 Her hair was streaming down her shoulders. 5.她脸上的微笑就像夏日里的阳光一样灿烂。 The smile on her face . a flowing golden river was as vibrant as the sun on a summer day Ⅲ.完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用明喻和暗喻 虽然杰克平时极为忙碌，但他还是参加了所在城市一年一度的跑步比赛。比赛在一所种了很多樱花树的校园里举行。跑道上落满了樱花，看起来犹如粉红色的雪铺满大地。哨声响了之后，他像箭一样冲了出去。跑了一圈后，他热得像火一样，但他告诉自己不要放弃，应该镇定自若。当最终到达终点时，杰克简直是一道闪电。 Though 1. ，he still participates in the annual running race in his city.The competition was held on a campus with many cherry blossom trees planted.The running track was covered in cherry blossoms，2.______________________________________.After a whistle，he rushed out 3. .After running a lap，he was 4. ，but he told himself not to give up and 5._____________ __________________.When Jack finally reached the finish line，he was 6. . Jack is usually as busy as a bee looking like pink snow covering the ground like an arrow as hot as fire should be as cool as a cucumber a streak of lightning 本课结束 $$