Unit 4 Period 3 Integrated skills-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第二册（译林版2020）

Period 3　Integrated skills 本单元的写作目标是写一篇关于知识产权保护的文章，属于说明文范畴。 在写事理说明文的时候，我们可以就以下三部分来写： 第一部分：概述现象的整体情况。文章的第一部分应提出现象，并向读者描述现象的整体情况，为下文介绍“how”和“why”做好铺垫。 第二部分：提出解决办法并解释原因。这是事理说明文最重要的一部分。在这一部分，先就现象有条理地列出可行的解决办法，然后解释采取这些办法的原因。 第三部分：总结整理全文。在文章的末尾部分，对全文进行一定的总结，可以对前面的解决办法进行总结以及评价。 问题解决类型的说明文首先要明确提出待解决的问题，然后按照一定的逻辑顺序将解决办法呈现在正文部分。最后可以简单总结，也可以提出希望或发出呼吁。说明文时态以一般现在时为主，引入问题部分可以使用现在完成时强调问题的既成事实和严重性，结束语可使用一般将来时提出希望或发出呼吁。 关于知识产权保护的常用表达： 1．Intellectual property，or IP，is the product of someone’s mind，for example，inventions，literary and artistic works or designs. 知识产权是某人思想的产物，例如发明、文学和艺术作品或设计。 2．The four most common types of IP are copyrights，patents，trademarks and trade secrets. 最常见的四种知识产权类型是版权、专利、商标和商业秘密。 3．Protecting intellectual property makes everyone feel secure about the products they create，buy or use. 保护知识产权能让每个人都对自己创造、购买或使用的产品感到安全。 4．There are various important reasons for protecting intellectual property. 保护知识产权有许多重要的原因。 5．Another important reason is to reduce the impact IP infringements have on owners. 另一个重要原因是减少知识产权侵权对所有者的影响。 6．When IP is used illegally，owners often suffer financial losses and even damage to their reputation. 当知识产权被非法使用时，所有者往往会遭受经济损失，甚至名誉受损。 7．Globally，the annual World Intellectual Property Day increases public awareness and understanding of IP infringement and protection. 从全球来看，一年一度的世界知识产权日提高了公众对知识产权侵权和保护的认识和理解。 8．At the national level，preventive measures include making IP laws clearer and more specific，and also ensuring they are enforced. 在国家层面，预防措施包括使知识产权法律更加明确和具体，并确保其得到执行。 9．Equally important，owners need to protect their intellectual property by applying for a patent or registering a trademark. 同样重要的是，所有者需要通过申请专利或注册商标来保护自己的知识产权。 10．We are living in an amazing world filled with various art forms，as well as scientific and technological wonders. 我们生活在一个奇妙的世界，充满了各种艺术形式以及科学和技术奇迹。 知识产权是人类在社会实践中创造智力劳动成果后依法享有的专有权利。2021年9月22日，中共中央、国务院印发的《知识产权强国建设纲要(2021－2035年)》发布。纲要提出了建设中国特色、世界水平的知识产权强国的要求。为提升学生的知识产权意识，复兴中学计划开展“Intellectual property：creative ideas made real”主题活动，请你写一篇文章，谈谈你对知识产权保护的看法。 提示问题： 1．What is intellectual property? 2．Why should intellectual property be protected? 3．What impacts does illegal IP use have? 4．What measures can be taken to protect IP? 第一步　审题谋篇 审题 写作要求是写一篇说明文，写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇说明文。写作时注意说明文的写作特点。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时和一般将来时为主。 3．主体人称：人称应该以第一、三人称为主。 谋篇 第一段：知识产权的定义； 第二段：保护知识产权的原因； 第三段：知识产权的措施； 第四段：结论。 第二步　遣词造句 核心词汇 1．产品；产物product 2．版权，著作权copyright 3．商标trademark 4．商业机密trade secret 5．创作者，发明者creator 6．革新，创新innovation 7．导致；造成result in 8．认识，意识awareness 9．(对他人权益的)侵犯，侵害infringement 10．登记，注册register 连词成句 1．如果我们有这种平和的心态，就会促进创造和创新的环境。 If we have this peace of mind，it will promote an environment of creativity and innovation. 2．一些消费者可能没有意识到他们正在购买假冒产品。 Some consumers may be unaware that they are paying for fake products. 3．知识产权保护帮助他们摆脱危险。 IP protection helps them out of danger. 第三步　句式升级 1．用分词作主语改写句1。 Having this peace of mind will promote an environment of creativity and innovation. 2．用非限制性定语从句连接句2和句3。 IP protection helps consumers out of danger，who may be unaware that they are paying for fake products. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。 参考范文 Intellectual property：creative ideas made real Intellectual property (IP) is the product of someone’s mind.The four most common types of IP are copyrights，patents，trademarks and trade secrets. There are various important reasons for protecting intellectual property.The main reason is to protect the legal rights of creators and owners.Having this peace of mind will promote an environment of creativity and innovation.Another important reason is to reduce the impact IP infringements have on owners.Furthermore，illegal use of their IP could result in job losses for their employees.Lastly，IP protection helps consumers out of danger，who may be unaware that they are paying for fake products. There are some measures that can reduce illegal IP use.The annual World Intellectual Property Day increases public awareness of IP infringement and protection.The public can help by not supporting illegal trade and reporting infringements to the authorities.Equally important，owners need to apply for a patent or registering a trademark. By protecting intellectual property，we protect creative ideas，and make sure they are made for all to enjoy. Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Lucy Houk remembers the day four years ago when her fourth-grade classmates chose instruments to play in the school orchestra(管弦乐队)．“Everyone else was picking instruments and having fun and I couldn’t pick one because I couldn’t really play any of them，” she said.She longed to play the cello(大提琴)，but the cello requires two hands—one to hold the bow，the other to work the four strings. Lucy，daughter of Lara Houk and Zak Houk，has one arm—her left—and only a partial right arm.She was born prematurely at 24 weeks with lots of problems.Lucy’s right arm is missing just below the elbow，but “Whatever she wants to do，we find a way to do it，” Lara said. Lucy，an easy-going eighth-grader at Highland Middle School in the Blackhawk School District，said，“I can tie my shoes.I can jump rope.But what I really wanted was to play the cello，but no one could think of anything to help me play it back then.” Last winter，Eric Baker noticed Lucy.Baker，who joined the district two years ago，is the orchestra director for fourth through 12th grades.He collaborated(协作) with Dale Moll，a technology and engineering teacher at the high school，to find a way to make an adaptive bow holder that could be attached to Lucy’s elbow.While a student at Duquesne University，Baker took a class and attended a seminar on adaptive instruments for students with special needs，but never thought he’d have to apply what he learned—until he met Lucy. “I hope more people don’t think because of their physical limitation that they can’t do something.There are so many ways to work around this kind of thing，especially with all the technology we have around these days，” Baker said. The Highland teachers “went above and beyond their normal，average，everyday teaching job to do something special for Lucy and gave her an opportunity like every other kid，” Lara said. Today，playing the cello with her classmates，Lucy feels like every other kid. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了天生残疾的早产儿Lucy在Baker的帮助下，实现演奏大提琴的愿望的故事。 1．What upset Lucy when she was in fourth grade? A．Having medical treatment with her elbow. B．Being unable to play musical instruments. C．Joining the school orchestra. D．Being rejected by her classmates. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，让Lucy烦恼的是她不能演奏乐器。故选B。 2．What are Lucy’s parents like? A．They are confident of Lucy’s recovery. B．They are proud of Lucy’s achievements. C．They are anxious about Lucy’s future. D．They are supportive of Lucy’s wishes. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段Lucy的母亲Lara所说的话“Whatever she wants to do，we find a way to do it”可知，Lucy的父母支持Lucy做她想做的事情。故选D。 3．What was beyond Baker’s expectations? A．Becoming the orchestra director at Highland Middle School. B．Meeting a student with physical disabilities. C．Putting what he’s learned in a seminar into practice. D．Working with the technology and engineering teacher. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知，超出Baker预期的是他能够把他在研讨会上学到的东西付诸实践。故选C。 4．What did Lara think of the Highland teachers? A．They went the extra mile at work. B．They were skilled in teaching music. C．They were devoted and gave Lucy lots of opportunities. D．They would give enough attention to kids with special needs. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Lara说的话可知，Highland中学的老师们在工作中付出了额外的艰辛。故选A。 B The twins，Kayla and Kellie Bingham，were accused of “academic dishonesty” in May 2016 after test proctors(监考员) reviewed the results of an exam on which their performance was considered to be remarkably similar.The sisters’ identical answers to 296 of 307 questions，including 54 wrong answers，raised alarm bells among university officials，who launched an investigation into the twins’ performance. “It was an eight-hour exam during which we exhibited normal test-taking behavior，” Kayla Bingham said. The Binghams successfully appealed against the decision and filed a lawsuit(起诉) against the university，arguing that for years they had behaved and performed similarly academically and in athletics.After a four-day trial in November，a South Carolina jury(陪审团) decided the school had wronged the sisters and awarded them a total of $1.5 million in damages. The Binghams’ legal case depended on the theory that it is common for identical twins to perform similarly on tests given their genetic profiles.Nancy Segal，who runs California State University，Fullerton’s Twin Studies Center and who testified in the case，said，“I would have been surprised if they hadn’t scored alike.” In their suit，the Binghams said the cheating allegations(指控) led to their experiencing psychological distress，including panic attacks and stress disorder. “It was a very hostile environment.People we had known，sat next to and studied with for two years would not speak to us，” Kellie Bingham told CBS.“They knew our work ethic(道德准则) and study habits but refused to hear our side of the story.People we trusted completely turned their backs on us.” The university’s accusation and the events that followed also interfered with the Binghams’ plans to become doctors.The two now work as government affairs advisers at the same South Carolina law firm.“We came to understand that once word gets out，even if it’s not accurate，it damages your reputation as a person.So we completely switched tracks，” Kayla said，adding that she “wanted to fight back because I had been wronged.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一对双胞胎姐妹被指控“学术不诚实”，最后法院裁定学校冤枉了这对姐妹，并判学校给予她们150万美元的赔偿，此事对这对双胞胎产生了很大的影响。 5．Why were the twins accused of cheating in the exam? A．They did a good job in the test. B．They exhibited abnormal test-taking behavior. C．They were seen signaling one another and passing notes. D．They had remarkably similar test performance. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，她们的考试结果极其相似是这对双胞胎被指控考试作弊的原因。故选D。 6．What can be learned from paragraphs 3 and 4? A．The Binghams at last lost the lawsuit against the university. B．Nancy Segal was not satisfied with the jury’s decision. C．The jury’s decision was based on a theory about identical twins. D．This was the first time that the Binghams had scored alike. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，陪审团的判定结果是基于有关同卵双胞胎的理论。故选C。 7．What attitude do people have towards the twins after the cheating allegations? A．Approving. B．Suspicious. C．Objective. D．Tolerant. 答案　B 解析　观点态度题。根据倒数第二段可知，在被指控作弊后，人们对这对姐妹充满了不信任。故选B。 8．What influence does the university’s accusation have on the twins? A．They will stick to being a doctor and helping those suffering people. B．They’ve already become advisers instead of doctors. C．Their reputation has been damaged so they can’t be doctors. D．They’ve handled it very well and are in a good mental state. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段第一、二句可知，大学的无端指控让两人最后在律师事务所从事政府事务顾问工作，而不是做医生。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 What Can We See in a Logo? We see hundreds of logos on signs，vehicles，websites，and even on the clothes we wear.All of these logos are designed to attract our attention. 1 However，recently research supports the idea that remembering what a logo looks like is a very difficult task. Researchers gave 85 students a simple assignment to draw the Apple logo purely from memory.Surprisingly，only one student in the study could accurately draw the logo from memory. 2 Researchers have developed a theory that they think might help to explain this blind spot in our memories. Logos are typically designed to be simple and easy to recognize with a quick glance.Yet the frequent exposure to these logos can actually make our brains overlook them.This process is known as “attentional saturation (注意力饱和)”． 3 Even though the brain is accustomed to ignoring unnecessary details，it is also programmed for recognition.When we see images such as logos over and over again，we become familiar with them.This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to as gist(梗概) memory. 4 This general sense of memory has its own benefits.In fact，familiarity with a popular logo can even make people feel more comfortable about purchasing or using certain products. Logos are everywhere we look today.A fancy design or a thoughtful color combination may be a good start for a logo concept，but there are other factors to consider. 5 A clever design may be interesting，but most people will forget the details—especially if our brains have anything to say about it. A．This may be inspiring to logo designers. B．People will know the product behind the logo. C．So why is it so difficult for people to recall the details of images? D．They also help us remember a product or service connected to that image. E．It means that our brain remembers the basic idea without all of the details. F．Our brains actually signal us to ignore information we don’t think we will need to remember. G．Logo designers need to know that people will only remember what they believe is worthwhile. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了在我们的生活中，人们很难准确记住一个标志的细节，并解释了出现这种现象的原因。 1．答案　D 解析　根据空格上句“All of these logos are designed to attract our attention.”可知，这里介绍的是标志的作用。D项“它们还帮助我们记住与该图像相关的产品或服务”承接上文，进一步介绍了标志的作用。故选D。 2．答案　C 解析　根据空格前面的内容可知，实验结果表明，人们很难准确记住一个标志的细节。C项“那么，为什么人们很难回忆起图像的细节呢？”承接上文，且引出下文将要介绍的关于记忆的理论。故选C。 3．答案　F 解析　本段最后介绍了频繁接触标志会造成注意力饱和现象。F项“实际上，我们的大脑发出信号，让我们忽略我们认为不需要记住的信息”能够承接上文，进一步介绍了什么是“注意力饱和”。故选F。 4．答案　E 解析　根据上文“This constant exposure leads to something scientists refer to as gist (梗概) memory.”可知，本段介绍了梗概记忆。E项“这意味着我们的大脑只记得基本的想法，而不记得所有的细节”能够承接上文，进一步介绍了什么是“梗概记忆”，选项中的“It”代指上文中的“gist (梗概) memory”。故选E。 5．答案　G 解析　根据空格上句中的“but there are other factors to consider”可知，本段介绍了如何才能设计出一个好的标志。G项“标志设计师需要知道，人们只会记住他们认为有价值的东西”能够承接上文，是对标志设计师提出的一个建议，“人们只会记住他们认为有价值的东西”正是上文提到的“其他因素”之一。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$