Unit 4 Period 1 Welcome to the unit & Reading-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第二册（译林版2020）

单元主题语境　人与社会——法律与秩序 The law is the scales of a nation，and the yardstick of a society.—Wu Jing 法，国之权衡也，时之准绳也。——吴兢 Eighty-year-old retired❶ tailor, James McKay, spent Saturday night in a cell after hitting 30-year-old Keith Smith over the head with his walking stick. McKay’s wife, Laurene said that, while McKay is usually a peaceful and pleasant person, he had been driven to this act of violence by literally❷ getting wet just once too often. He could no longer tolerate❸ it. Smith lives above the McKays. He is a keen❹ gardener, and also a fish collector. Unfortunately, the water he sent over his balcony❺ every day ended up on the McKay’s floor, or too often, on the unsuspecting❻ McKays themselves. “For the last two weeks, since Smith moved into the flat above us, we dared not go onto our balcony, ” said Laurene. She added that it wasn’t only the water falling onto their balcony from Smith watering his plants that bothered them, but also the way he cleaned his fish tanks. “We’d be sitting there happily reading our newspapers, when suddenly so much water would come from above that we’d be as wet as if we had showered with our clothes on! We could hardly get rid of❼ the smell of fish！” And on Saturday evening it was just too much. “It was James’ birthday, ” Laurene recalled, “and it was such a beautiful night to enjoy the starry❽ night outside. I made him a birthday cake. The candles were a great sight as you can imagine, but James didn’t get to blow them out. ” Instead, Smith emptied one of his larger tanks over his balcony and both the McKays and the cake were wet through. “I have never seen him move so fast and I couldn’t stop him. He was up there in a flash❾.” Smith is not going to take things further with the police.He has also promised to change his ways from now on.And what of James McKay? As he left the police station, a large crowd of supporters sang him “Happy Birthday”．“Definitely⑩ the most exciting birthday ever！” said the cheerful old man.“The best since my youth, I’d say！” (节选自北师大版新教材选择性必修第四册 Unit 11) 词汇积累 1.retired adj.退休的，退役的 2．literally adv.真正地，确实地；(用于夸张地强调)简直 3．tolerate v．忍受，包容 4．keen adj.热衷的；喜爱的，着迷的 5．balcony n．露台，阳台 6．unsuspecting adj.不怀疑的；无疑心的 7．get rid of 摆脱，除去 8．starry adj.布满星星的；明亮的 9．in a flash 刹那间；瞬间 10．definitely adv.肯定地；明确地 Period 1　Welcome to the unit & Reading Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．enforceable A．to secretly find a way of looking at or changing information on sb else’s computer system without permission 2．dispute B．a sudden strong wish or need to do sth 3．abolish C．to change a law，document，statement，etc.slightly in order to improve it 4．amend D．capable of being enforced 5．strive E．to look through the pages of a book，newspaper，etc 6．browse F．to officially end a law，a system or an institution 7．impulse G．an argument between two people，groups or countries 8．hack H．to try very hard to achieve sth 答案　1.D　2.G　3.F　4.C　5.H　6.E　7.B　8.A Ⅱ.选词填空 1．When we are under stress，our bodies tend to tense up. 2．The spokesman stressed that the measures did not amount to an overall ban. 3．Introduce yourself and start a conversation about something you have in common. 4．However，besides being aware of differences，they must also keep abreast of changes. 5．The man is straightforward because what he says often corresponds with what he does. 1．Which of the following is NOT true about the Code of Hammurabi? A．It is the oldest code in the Middle East. B．It was composed around 3,700 years ago. C．It carried out the concept “innocent until proven guilty”． D．It ignored some important rules. 答案　A 2．What can the law be compared to? A．A brochure. B．An instrument. C．A compass. D．A frame. 答案　C 3．What does “amend” in the third paragraph mean? A．Cancel. B．Revise. C．Reinforce. D．Assign. 答案　B 4．Which department(s) create(s) laws in the common law system? A．The legislature. B．The court. C．The government. D．Both the legislature and the court. 答案　D 5．What limitations does the law have? A．It can only resolve conflicts between people. B．It can adapt to the changes in the society. C．The legislature is not considerate enough. D．It can’t be applied to all situations. 答案　D When small permanent farming communities began to be established，the law 1.originated(originate) to prevent chaos and resolve conflicts.The earliest law codes laid the foundation for 2.later(late) ones，and laws have evolved and changed 3.to meet(meet) each society’s needs.Some laws are abolished when they no longer correspond 4.with the values or moral 5.beliefs(belief) of the current society.Meanwhile，new laws 6.are made(make) as new situations develop.Today，the main legal systems are civil law and common law systems.The law can’t solve every social problem,7.but it has played an important role in society and 8.will continue(continue) to do so in the future.9.Hopefully(hopeful)，it will help us develop societies 10.that are not just more harmonious but also more civilized. dispute n．争论，辩论，争端，纠纷 vi.& vt.对……提出质询，对……表示异议(或怀疑)；争夺，竞争；争论，辩论，争执 in dispute在争论中；有争端，有分歧 in dispute with 和……争议(纠纷) be open to dispute 不确定，有争议 (1)The two countries are in dispute over the boundaries of their coastal waters. (2)You may find yourself in a heated dispute with a friend if you try to change your mind. (3)The schedule for the talks has been agreed，but the location is still open to dispute. 会谈的时间表已经达成一致，但地点尚有争议。 (4)The two brothers have been disputing the ownership of the flat where their parents once lived. 这两兄弟一直在为他们父母曾经住过的那套公寓的所有权争执不休。 strive vi.(strove，striven)努力，奋斗，力争，力求 strive for争取……，为……奋斗 strive to do...努力做…… (1)Only if we make every effort to strive for it can we win the honor for our school. (2)As long as there is a glimmer of hope，we will strive to do(do) our work better and better. (3)Meanwhile，kids do deserve to be praised if they strive to carry out/perform their duties. 同时，如果孩子们努力履行他们的职责，他们确实值得表扬。 (4)Only when we strives for our own dream can we realize the Chinese Dream. 只有当我们为了自己的梦想而奋斗的时候，我们才能实现中国梦。 have...in common 在……方面有相同之处 have a lot/much/a great deal in common with 与……有很多共同之处 have nothing/little in common with与……没有/很少有共同之处 in common with与……一样 common sense/knowledge 常识 根据汉语提示完成片段 Judging from common sense/knowledge，in common with other twins，Lucy should have a lot in common with her twin sister Lily in hobbies，but their parents said they had little in common with each other，which surprised all of us. 从常识来看，和其他双胞胎一样，露西和她的双胞胎妹妹莉莉在爱好上应该有很多共同之处，但她们的父母说她们之间几乎没有共同之处，这让我们都很惊讶。 keep abreast of 了解最新情况，跟上(某事物的发展) keep track of 记录；与……保持联系 keep in mind 记住；牢记 keep up with赶得上；和……保持联系 keep out of 不要进入(某地)；避开 keep back抑制，阻止，不接近；保留；隐瞒 用keep 短语的正确形式填空 (1)We have been warned to keep out of their quarrel. (2)It’s very important to keep in mind as many English words and phrases as possible. (3)I love books because they help me keep up with things I need to know for my profession. (4)English teachers should keep track of the situation of the students who are remembering the words. (5)Although in great sadness，she kept back her tears and pretended as if nothing had happened before her children. 不定式作目的状语 教材原句　To prevent chaos and resolve conflicts，the rules of conduct and consequences for unacceptable behaviors were created.为避免混乱，化解冲突，人们制定了行为规则和对不当行为的处罚办法。(教材P44) 本句中不定式作目的状语，通常译为“为了……”，放在句首时往往用逗号与主句隔开。有时可用in order to或so as to替换，但so as to不能位于句首。so that也可以引导目的状语从句，相当于in order that，从句中往往含有情态动词，如can，could，may，might等。 (1)On Mother’s Day，to show(show) their love for their mother，the twins got up early to make breakfast for her. (2)为了提高学生合理使用共享单车的意识，我们学校号召我们学生恰当使用共享单车。 (In order to) To raise students’ awareness of using shared bikes reasonably，our school calls on us students to use shared bikes properly. (3)我们计划每天下午5：00到6：00在学校体育馆一起练习，目的是给同学们提供一场精彩的比赛。 ①We plan to practice together in the school gym from 5：00 pm to 6：00 pm every day so that we can provide the students with a fantastic match.(so that) ②We plan to practice together in the school gym from 5：00 pm to 6：00 pm every day so as to provide the students with a fantastic match.(so as to) Ⅰ.一词多义 correspond A.与……一致/相符合　B.与……通信　C.相当于；类似于 1．I used to correspond with my friends by letters while now the Internet is more convenient. B 2．The British job of Lecturer corresponds roughly to the US Associate Professor. C 3．Actually，all of us desire to achieve success，but sometimes our actions don’t correspond with what we desire. A Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．His views are grounded on the assumption that all people are equal.v.以……为根据 2．He walked up to the penalty spot and struck the ball firmly into the back of the net.n.点球 3．I turned to her for economic aid，but her answer amounted to a complete refusal. 等同于；相当于 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Oxford’s Department for Continuing Education runs over 1,000 courses per year，offered on a part-time basis.Programs include Oxford awards and degrees at undergraduate and postgraduate level，online short courses，weekly classes，day and weekend events，continuing professional development and summer schools. Oxford awards & degrees Over 50 undergraduate and postgraduate Oxford qualifications：certificates，diplomas，advanced diplomas，Master’s and Doctoral degrees，offered part-time，in the arts，social sciences，diplomatic studies，human rights law，healthcare and biomedical sciences，which involve overseas students.Course duration ranges from one year to several years part-time.The Department also runs a Graduate School to provide the support and guidance needed by those following part-time graduate programs. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/qualifications Online & distance learning Choose from over 90 courses across a range of disciplines.Most are short courses of 5－10 weeks，accredited (officially approved)．A few longer courses result in Oxford qualifications. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/online Weekly classes Approximately 500 part-time accredited classes，open to all，and held in Oxford，Reading and other locations.Topics are studied in depth over a period of 10 or 20 weeks. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/weekly Day & weekend events Courses of 1 or 2 days，usually held at weekends and taught by lecturers and speakers who are noted authorities in their field of research.Many courses are offered in combination with national organizations.Over 150 offered per year. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/dayweekend Professional development courses 200 courses per year，ranging from day schools to short refresher courses to full degree programs.Subjects include health sciences，public policy，diplomatic studies，electronics，historic conservation，environmental sciences，public administration，higher education leadership and more. www.conted.ox.ac.uk/cpd 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了牛津大学的继续教育部所开设的五种课程项目。 1．Which website is useful to foreign students? A．www.conted.ox.ac.uk/online B．www.conted.ox.ac.uk/cpd C．www.conted.ox.ac.uk/dayweekend D．www.conted.ox.ac.uk/qualifications 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据Oxford awards & degrees部分中的“...which involve overseas students”可知，该课程涉及海外学生，所以www.conted.ox.ac.uk/qualifications网站对海外学生有用。故选D。 2．Which program will you choose if you want to learn from the famous top experts in your field? A．Weekly classes. B．Day & weekend events. C．Online & distance learning. D．Professional development courses. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据Day & weekend events部分中的第一句可知，该项目下的课程是由各个领域中的权威人士来教授。故选B。 3．What type of writing is this text? A．An advertisement. B．A book review. C．A course guide. D．An official report. 答案　C 解析　文章体裁题。通读全文尤其根据第一段中的第一句可推知，本文属于课程指南。故选C。 B After limiting the screen time，the minors in China are prohibited against getting tattooed(文身) now. According to the guideline，which came out on June 6th，any enterprise，organization and individuals should be stopped from providing inking services.The guideline also prohibits “encouraging or forcing” children into getting tattoos，while encouraging parents to advise their children against getting tattooed. “All agencies that provide tattooing services should clearly display signs refusing minors，and ask customers to show their IDs if it’s hard to judge their age based on their appearance，” the guideline said. Tattoo culture has gained popularity especially among the country’s youth in recent years.They regard it as a form of fashion and self expression.However，tattoos haven’t been widely accepted in the society and they might have a bad influence on people in some situations. Amanla，a tattoo artist in the southwestern Yunnan Province，said he agreed with the ban.He said，“Protection is necessary.But more deeply，it’s also disrespectful for people to do something merely to be cool without knowing what they really want or understanding the pattern being drawn on their body.” In recent years，several regions have issued local regulations banning tattoo services for children.In June of last year，a court in the eastern Jiangsu Province ordered a tattoo shop to stop tattooing minors after being accused of using ink containing harmful pigments(色素)． Yuan Ningning，a legal advisor specializing in family education law，said that the working guideline has cleared up the responsibilities between different regulators and called for more education and specific punishments. “The central government has already formed a consensus(共识)，” Yuan said.“But it takes a learning process among the local authorities for the guideline to be effective.That’s the first and a very crucial step.” 语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了国务院未成年人保护工作领导小组办公室印发《未成年人文身治理工作办法》的消息以及人们对此的看法。 4．What should the tattoo shops do according to the regulation? A．Refuse to serve the minors. B．Offer quality service for teenagers. C．Ask the minors’ parents for advice. D．Keep the minors safe while tattooing. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“All agencies that provide tattooing services should clearly display signs refusing minors”可知，文身店应该拒绝为未成年人提供文身服务。故选A项。 5．What does paragraph 4 tell us about tattoo? A．Tattooing has a long history in China. B．The society has been influenced by tattooing. C．Young people are more interested in tattooing. D．Tattooing helps people do their work better. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，年轻人对文身更感兴趣。故选C项。 6．Which of the following might Amanla agree with? A．Tattoos are not for everyone. B．Tattooing for minors must be punished. C．We should learn about tattoos before getting one. D．It is not easy for the regulation to be put into practice. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中Amanla说的话可知，Amanla认为有时人们不知道纹在自己身上的图案的意思而只追求“酷”是无礼的。由此推知，Amanla会赞同在文身之前对文身进行了解。故选C项。 7．What can be inferred about the guideline? A．Those who break the rules will be punished. B．It has got wide recognition among the public. C．Educators play a key role in carrying out the rules. D．It is a long way for the guideline to make a difference. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句可知，这个条例要产生效果还有很长的一段路要走。故选D项。 C China will accelerate law-making on making up for ecological damage，as the mechanism(机制) continues to prove its role in helping restore damaged environments across the country，according to the Ministry of Ecology and Environment.From 2018 to 2021，authorities across the country handled about 11,300 such cases，with compensation(补偿) amounting to almost 11.7 billion yuan. The department showed statistics demonstrating the mechanism as effective in dealing with ecological and environmental damage. It said that thanks to the compensation，over 36 million cubic meters of contaminated soil and 300 million cubic meters of polluted surface water have been treated.The mechanism has also helped restore over 61 million square meters of forest. In a case exposed in late 2019，for instance，a paper company named Meili was found to have illegally dumped a large amount of thick，black waste from papermaking in the Tengger Desert.According to the ministry’s investigation，most of the pollutants were dumped from 2003 to 2007，polluting soil and groundwater，and damaging plants.In March 2021，after a third-party agency was brought in to assess the damage，a court in Zhongwei required the polluter to pay more than 198 million yuan in compensation in two stages. In the first stage，Meili will pay about 44.2 million yuan to cover the cost to investigate and clean up the pollutants.The rest of the compensation will be used in the second stage to carry out compensatory restoration，groundwater monitoring and risk control in the area.In its statement，the department of law，regulation and standards also noted the remarkable progress the country has made in enhancing the institutions for the mechanism. Bie Tao，director of the department，vowed further efforts to promote law-making for the mechanism.“Aside from striving to include ecological and environmental damage compensation into the Environmental Protection Law and other relevant laws，we will also make efforts to promote research into a specific law for the mechanism，” he said. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了中国生态环境部门正在对生态破坏进行立法，并举例说明了取得的成效。 8．What does the underlined word “contaminated” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Dirty. B．Pure. C．Tidy. D．Rich. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，在该句中contaminated和polluted是同义词，表示“受到污染的”。故选A。 9．What does the case of the paper company Meili show? A．How to make the law. B．How the mechanism worked. C．How to monitor groundwater. D．How the environment was polluted. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段以及第五段第一、二句可知，美丽纸业的案例说明了该机制是如何运作的。故选B。 10．What will be the focus in the coming years according to Bie Tao? A．Detailed news about global warming. B．Clearly defined law for the mechanism. C．Further research into the paper company. D．Regular process of environmental protection. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中别涛说的话可知，未来几年的重点是对该机制的法律进行进一步完善，即要明确界定该机制的法律。故选B。 11．What might be the best title for the text? A．Make Polluters Pay B．Keep the Earth Healthy C．Stop Environmental Damage D．Work Harmoniously with Each Other 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了中国生态环境部门正在对生态破坏进行立法，让污染者补偿其行为对环境造成的破坏。A项“让污染者买单”可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 How to Avoid Identity Theft Every year，a large quantity of personal information is leaked into the wrong hands. Millions of people suffer the identity theft.Maybe there’s spyware on their computer，or a service they use has a security problem，leaving customers at risk of exposure.But there is no need to fear.It’s a lot easier than you might think to set up proper defenses. 1 Here’s how. Clean your computer and smartphone. 2 This means fixing a good anti-virus program and taking the time to clear out any spyware that may have already infected your system. Ensure your Wi-Fi safety. Now that your computer is clean，you should plug any holes in your home network.It’s fairly easy for potential criminals to gain access to your information if they’re able to share your connection. 3 Different routers(路由器) will have different setup pages，so the actual step-by-step will vary，but the end result will be the same.Here’s what to do：Enable basic password protection.You also need to change the password that allows you to access your router’s settings to begin with.Then change the original name of your wireless network.Don’t use any personal information here. 　4　 Everything you just finished could be for nothing if a thief has your existing passwords，so you need to change them for every service you use.What you’ve heard is true：Passwords should use a variety of special characters，numbers，letters，and cases when possible. 5 Doing this or keeping track of it all is pain，which is why people don’t do it and wind up with stolen identities.Try it，and there’s no need to worry about all those problems. A．Dig deep with your passwords. B．Use the passwords in the same way. C．In fact，you can easily do it all in a weekend. D．However，it is a challenge to set up a defense. E．That’s why you want to be careful when using public Wi-Fi. F．They should be close to random，and there should be a different one for each website you use. G．Make sure your devices are as spotless as possible before you put new security measures into place. 1．答案　C 解析　根据空格前一句及下文提供的方法可知，空处应承接上文，继续讲述防御的方法很简单。C项说明做好防御是不需要花费太多时间的，符合文意，故选C。 2．答案　G 解析　根据段落小标题可知，本段建议清理电脑和智能手机。下文介绍了具体做法，G项“在你采取新的安全措施之前，要确保你的设备尽可能的干净”呼应标题，选项中的devices指的就是电脑和手机。故选G。 3．答案　E 解析　根据本段小标题及空前句可知，当你的网络连接被罪犯轻易获得后，他们就可以获取你的信息。所以设空处要表明在使用无线网时要小心。E项中“Wi-Fi”和标题关键词一致，符合题意，故选E。 4．答案　A 解析　本句处于标题位置，应总结本段内容。根据下文可知，本段建议要对自己使用的密码进行修改。故选A。 5．答案　F 解析　根据空前一句可知，密码的设置形式要多样化，所以下文应表述密码设置不要有规律，即设置要近乎随意。故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$