Unit 1 Period 3 Integrated skills-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选修第二册（译林版2020）

Period 3　Integrated skills 本单元的写作目标是写一篇号召大家警惕网络犯罪的说理性文章，属于说明文的范畴。注意说明文的写作特点。 可以分为四段： 第一段：简单介绍话题； 第二段：分述话题类型； 第三段：详细讲解措施； 第四段：结论。 时态：一般现在时为主； 人称：第三人称为主。 1．It is not surprising that... ……并不奇怪。 2．Consequently...has become a huge problem in recent years. 因此……在最近几年已经成为一个严重的问题。 3．We can take preventive measures to... 我们可以采取预防措施来…… 4．First of all，don’t...so as to... 首先，不要……以便…… 5．Last but not least，it is also a good idea to... 最后但同样重要的是，……也是一个好主意。 6．In conclusion，through these measures，we can... 总之，通过这些措施，我们可以…… 随着网络的普及，网络犯罪问题成为大家关注的一个焦点。李华所在的班级围绕网络犯罪问题召开了主题班会，假定你是李华，请以“Cybercrime：Don’t Let It Hack Your Life！”为标题写一篇短文，号召大家在日常生活中警惕网络犯罪。主要需包括以下内容： 1．网络使用和网络犯罪的现状； 2．提出建议(如警惕虚假广告、不打开来源不明的链接、安装最新的安全补丁等)。 参考词汇：钓鱼网站phishing；恶意软件 malware 第一步　审题谋篇 审题 写作要求是写一篇关于网络犯罪问题的说理性文章，写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇说理性文章，属于说明文的范畴。 2．主体时态：以一般现在时为主。 3．主体人称：以第三人称为主。 谋篇 第一段：简单介绍网络使用和网络犯罪的现状。 第二段：介绍网络犯罪的类型和危害。 第三段：提出预防网络犯罪的建议。 第四段：结论。 第二步　遣词造句 核心词汇 1．有……的风险 run the risk of 2．采取预防措施 take preventive measures 3．成为……的受害者fall victims to 4．谨慎对待be cautious about 5．折扣商品 bargain 6．链接 attachment 7．安装 install 8．补丁 patch 连词成句 1．我们都有经历网络犯罪的风险，这并不奇怪。 Not surprisingly，we all run the risk of experiencing cybercrime. 2．网络犯罪的常见类型包括钓鱼网站和恶意软件。 Common types of cybercrime include phishing and malware. 3．通过钓鱼网站和恶意软件，犯罪分子获取我们的个人信息并破坏我们的电脑。 Through phishing and malware，criminals gain our personal information and damage our computers. 4．首先，要警惕那些提供看起来好却不真实的折扣商品的广告。 First of all，be cautious about advertisements that offer bargains that seem too good to be true. 5．最后但同样重要的是，通过安装最新的安全补丁来保持您的软件和操作系统最新也是一个好主意。 Last but not least，it is also a good idea to keep your software and operating system up to date by installing the latest security patches. 第三步　句式升级 1．用it作形式主语改写句1。 It is not surprising that we all run the risk of experiencing cybercrime. 2．用非限制性定语从句将句2和句3合并。 Common types of cybercrime include phishing and malware，through which criminals gain our personal information and damage our computers. 3．用分词作定语改写句4。 First of all，be cautious about advertisements offering bargains that seem too good to be true. 第四步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。 参考范文 Cybercrime：Don’t Let It Hack Your Life! So far，there have been billions of Internet users globally.It is not surprising that we all run the risk of experiencing cybercrime. Common types of cybercrime include phishing and malware，through which criminals gain our personal information and damage our computers. Fortunately，we can take preventive measures to reduce our chances of falling victims to such cybercrimes.First of all，be cautious about advertisements offering bargains that seem too good to be true.Secondly，do not open email attachments or click on links from unknown sources.Last but not least，it is also a good idea to keep your software and operating system up to date by installing the latest security patches. In conclusion，through preventive behaviour，we can stop cybercrime in its tracks！ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Note Taking Note taking as an accommodation is available only to students who have documented disabilities and are registered with Queen’s Student Accessibility Service(QSAS)．Note taking is approved for students with disability-related functional limitations that make it difficult for them to access academic information presented in class. There is a wide range of reasons why students may require note taking as an accommodation，including students with： —hearing loss，who may have difficulties hearing the instructor while writing notes at the same time —vision loss，who may have difficulties seeing information presented on overhead screens —mental health conditions or attention-related disabilities，who may have difficulties attending to orally-presented information while taking notes —learning disabilities，who may have difficulties recording notes when information is presented orally —physical disabilities，who may have motor or pain related difficulties Accessibility advisers consider a student’s description of their need for note taking along with information contained in their disability documentation and the type of course in approving note taking as a formal accommodation. Online Note Taking Portal(门户网站) QSAS is in charge of the exchange of notes taken by student volunteer note takers and students registered with QSAS via our secure online note taking portal. The pages in this section provide information for students with disabilities，volunteer note takers and instructors on requesting note takers，signing up to be a volunteer note taker and assisting QSAS with recruiting volunteer note takers. If you are a student seeking note taking accommodation please click here to read the Starting Your Accommodation information. 语篇解读　本文是一篇应用说明文。文章主要介绍了笔记适合的人群，并介绍了一个提供记笔记服务的网站。 1．What students is Note taking available to? A．Lacking in confidence. B．With loss of earnings. C．Losing interest in study. D．With concentration problems. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段“—mental health conditions or attention-related disabilities，who may have difficulties attending to orally-presented information while taking notes”可知，有注意力问题的学生可以申请该服务。故选D。 2．What should students present to accessibility advisers when applying for note taking? A．Description of their learning difficulties. B．Record on their academic performance. C．Files on their past note taking experiences. D．Account of their requirements. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第八段可知，无障碍服务顾问会考虑学生对其记笔记需求的描述，以及他们的残疾证明文件中所包含的信息，以及将记笔记批准为正式服务的流程类型。由此推断，申请记笔记时，学生应向无障碍服务顾问说明他们的需求。故选D。 3．What can disabled students do via Online Note Taking Portal? A．Ask for note taking. B．Apply to be a volunteer. C．Offer notes taken. D．Learn to take notes. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“provide information for...on...”可知该门户网站为三类人提供服务：残障学生、笔记志愿者和老师们。提供的信息也是三方面：请求笔记记录者、注册成为笔记志愿者以及协助QSAS招聘笔记志愿者。由此可知，残疾学生可以通过网上记笔记网站提出记笔记的需求。故选A。 B Where should you live？How should you spend your time？For centuries，people have relied on their instincts to figure out the answers to these life-changing questions.But there is a better way now.We are living through a data explosion，as vast amounts of information about all aspects of human behaviour have become more and more accessible. We can use this big data to help determine the best course to chart.Researchers have found algorithms can be much better than people at making difficult decisions.The power of data analysis has been proved in the sports and business worlds，too.As made famous by the book and movie Moneyball，baseball teams found that algorithms were better than managers at picking strategies. But stats have had surprisingly little impact on our personal lives.One major problem is that good data about life’s biggest personal questions has been difficult to gain.Consider this question：what makes people happy？Some have revealed the activities that provide far more enjoyment than most of us would have guessed，such as exercising，going to a museum and gardening.Then there are the things that give us less pleasure than we might assume，such as playing video games，watching TV and browsing the Internet.Another way to be happier is moving house.They found that when people moved from an unhappy city to a happier place，their overall mood improved. There are early days of the data revolution in personal decision-making.A study of tens of millions of children has found the places that increase their future earnings most.Another shows certain cities can improve one’s life expectancy.I am not claiming that we can completely base our lifestyle choices on algorithms，though we might get to that point in the future.I am claiming instead that we can all dramatically improve our decision-making by consulting evidence from millions of people who faced dilemmas similar to ours via big data. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们现在可以依靠可访问的大数据，做出更好的决定。 4．How can people make better decisions now? A．By doing plenty of interviews. B．By relying on accessible big data. C．By using common sense of life. D．By following others’ life behavior. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，人们现在可以依靠可访问的大数据，做出更好的决定。故选B。 5．Why is the movie Moneyball mentioned in paragraph 2? A．To suggest managers handle their players. B．To inform data can improve players’ skills. C．To show baseball is popular in sports world. D．To prove algorithms can make better decisions. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由第二段最后一句可推知，这里提到电影《点球成金》是为了证明算法可以做出更好的决策。故选D。 6．What makes people happier than we guess according to paragraph 3? A．Visiting a museum. B．Surfing the Internet. C．Playing video games. D．Moving to a bigger city. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Some have revealed the activities that provide far more enjoyment than most of us would have guessed，such as exercising，going to a museum and gardening.”可知，参观博物馆让人们比我们猜测的更幸福。故选A。 7．What does the author conclude in the end? A．The big data can increase our future earnings. B．The big data can prolong our life expectancy. C．We can improve decision-making via big data. D．We can develop our lifestyle in different ways. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可推知，最后的结论是我们可以通过大数据来改善决策。故选C。 C Eating chocolate at least once a week could stave off a heart attack，according to new research.Chocolate is packed with plant chemicals that weaken inflammation(炎症) and help blood flow，explained scientists. Lead author Dr Chayakrit Krittanawong said，“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.” It collected data from six trials that examined the link over the past five decades.A total of 336,289 people reported their intake.Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent.This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week. Chocolate is known to produce the same chemical in the brain as falling in love.But evidence is growing that its reputation as a “guilty pleasure” is wrong.Dr Krittanawong said，“Chocolate contains heart healthy nutrients such as flavonoids，methylxanthines，polyphenols and stearic acid which may reduce inflammation.” Known medically as HDL(high-density lipoprotein)(高密度脂蛋白)，it helps to rid LDL(low-density lipoprotein) out of the body.When this collects，it causes vessels and arteries to become blocked up.It can stop blood flow to the heart or brain，causing a heart attack or stroke.Dr Krittanawong said，“In the past，clinical studies have shown chocolate is beneficial for blood pressure.” Dark chocolate has long been known to have health benefits，but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart.Dr Krittanawong pointed out his study did not investigate whether any particular type of chocolate is more beneficial or if there is an ideal portion size.He said，“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease.But more research is needed to show how much and what kind of chocolate could be recommended.” While it’s not clear how much is perfect，Dr Krittanawong warned people against overeating.He said，“Moderate amounts of chocolate seem to protect coronary arteries but it’s likely that large quantities do not.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。新的研究表明，适量食用巧克力有助于减轻炎症，促进血液流动，有利于我们的健康。 8．What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A．The result of the study. B．The process of the study. C．The participants of the study. D．The intention of the study. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第二段中的“Our study suggests chocolate helps keep the heart’s blood vessels healthy.”和最后两句“Those who ate chocolate more than once a week reduced their risk of coronary artery(冠状动脉) disease by eight percent.This was compared to peers who ate it less than once a week.”可知，本段主要是介绍Krittanawong博士的研究结果。故选A。 9．Which of the following can probably prevent blood flow? A．A heart attack. B．A stroke. C．High-density lipoprotein. D．Low-density lipoprotein. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段前三句可知，当低密度脂蛋白聚集的时候，它会造成动脉血管堵塞，从而阻碍通往心脏或大脑的血液流通，最终造成心脏病发作或中风。故选D。 10．What does the recent study tell us? A．Chocolate is good for blood pressure. B．Dark chocolate is beneficial to health. C．Milk chocolate may also benefit the heart. D．Chocolate contains special plant chemicals. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段首句中的“but recent research has suggested milk chocolate may also provide valuable nutrients to the heart”可知，牛奶巧克力对心脏可能也有好处。故选C。 11．What’s Dr Krittanawong’s attitude toward chocolate’s preventing coronary artery disease? A．Indifferent. B．Hopeful. C．Negative. D．Uncertain. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Chocolate appears promising for the prevention of coronary artery disease.”可知，Krittanawong博士对于巧克力预防冠状动脉疾病的作用还是充满信心的。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 Online security generally refers to keeping others from getting access to your online information. 1 If you don’t want to be targeted，take the following steps for better protection. Use strong and unique passwords.It turns out that the steps to protect your security are more clear-cut than you might think：use stronger passwords for your accounts. 2 Don’t use the same password for different websites. Download the latest security updates. 3 Instead，you are more often attacked because of bugs(漏洞) that have been publicly reported，and security updates that have been published.If you do not download the updates on time，you do not get the benefit of the work of the security engineers. 4 Not all online attacks come through software.It’s common that you’re tricked into handing over your passwords or personal information to bad actors.These attempts can happen via email，text message or phone call.And generally they’re trying to get your username and password，or perhaps your ID number.But there are often signs that these messages are usually filled with spelling and grammar mistakes，or that the email is coming from a strange address.If it feels fishy，it might be fishing. Start small and take these steps now.Faced with this scary landscape，getting a complete hold on your digital security can feel challenging. 5 A．Be aware of fishing. B．Don’t use 1234567890. C．Keep passwords in different places. D．Don’t read and reply those strange emails. E．It includes stealing the passwords of your online accounts. F．But even such basic steps can make your accounts much more secure. G．Usually，you are not attacked because of those problems that nobody knows about. 1．答案　E 解析　根据空前“Online security generally refers to keeping others from getting access to your online information.”对网络安全的定义可推测，下文很可能会用实例进一步说明；另外，空前的your online information与E选项中的the passwords of your online accounts相呼应，故选E。 2．答案　B 解析　根据空前“use stronger passwords for your accounts”可知，这里很可能会举例说明什么是弱保护密码，B项“不要用1234567890作密码”符合语境，故选B。 3．答案　G 解析　根据空后一句“Instead，you are more often attacked because of bugs(漏洞) that have been publicly reported，and security updates that have been published.”中的Instead可推知，空处表达的内容应该是与之相反的，故选G。 4．答案　A 解析　设空处为本段主旨句。根据本段最后一句“If it feels fishy，it might be fishing.”可知，这一段都是讲如何避免“钓鱼”，故选A。 5．答案　F 解析　根据上文“Start small and take these steps now.Faced with this scary landscape，getting a complete hold on your digital security can feel challenging.”可知，只要采取以上这些基本措施，我们就能让自己的网络账户更安全，故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$