Unit 3 Period 2 Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

Period 2　Welcome to the unit & Reading—Language points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．She got into a panic(恐慌) when she thought of the coverage. 2．The boss decides to dismiss(解雇) him because he is incredibly lazy. 3．His rapid promotion is a further proof that he is a man with great ability. 4．What is known to us is that the astronomer is an influential figure in the field of astronomy. 5．Tom is captain(队长) of the school basketball team now. 6．Generally speaking，harmonious(和谐的) family relationship plays an important part in one’s growth. 7．According to his observation，the captain estimated the breadth of the lake to be 500 metres. 8．Maybe we can find the reason why the ship sank suddenly in the sailor’s log(航海日志)． 9．The library is now a multimedia zone，loaded(装上) with information in many formats. 10．It was plain to see that finding the right route to return to the campsite was what Jane urgently needed to do. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．For lack of proof，he was set free.In other words，no one can prove him to be guilty.(proof) 2．It won’t bother you because the project is financed by the government，so there are no financial problems.(finance) 3．In order to strengthen his body，Tom takes regular exercise，and now he has become so strong that he has enough strength to carry big stones.(strong) 4．John Adams was one of the most influential statesmen in the early American history who had a great influence on the development of America.(influence) 5．This area is short of water.Leaders evaluate that the water shortage will cause problems to the local people.(short) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．The old lady stood by the door，looking outside and feeling sad.(现在分词短语作状语) 那位老妇人站在门口，朝外面看着，感到很忧伤。 2．The play put on by the teachers was a big success.(过去分词短语作定语) 老师们表演的戏剧很成功。 3．Do you know the boy who is standing over there？(who引导定语从句) 你认识站在那边的那个男孩吗？ 4．The room is not so large as the one we saw yesterday.(as引导比较状语从句) 这个房间没有我们昨天看的那个大。 convince vt.使确信；使相信；使信服；说服，劝说(convinced adj.确信的；深信的 convincing adj.令人信服的) •convince sb of sth使某人相信某事 convince sb to do sth说服某人做某事 convince sb that...使某人相信…… •be convinced of/that...确信……；相信…… (1)When you are having an interview，you need to convince the interviewers of your enthusiasm for the job. (2)In view of the fact that there was no convincing(convince) evidence of his guilt，he was set free. (3)I’m convinced(convince) of your ability to do the job，so just go and apply for it. (4)He was convinced that his sick son was asleep，so he turned off the light and went to bed. →Convinced that his sick son was asleep，he turned off the light and went to bed.(形容词短语作状语) load vt.& vi.装上，装入；负担 n．负载；承载量；大量 •load...with...用……装满…… be loaded with... 负载……；装满…… •a load of/loads of 许多的，大量的 take a load off one’s mind 使某人如释重负，打消某人的顾虑 (1)The lorry，which was loaded with goods，broke down suddenly in the middle of the bridge.The cause was under investigation. (2)Even though I have loads of schoolwork to do，I’ll spend some free time having sports so that I can keep fit and dynamic. (3)Youth provides us with inspiring articles，through which we can exchange our feelings with friends，and take a load off our minds. (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作) 《青春》为我们提供了鼓舞人心的文章，通过这些文章我们可以和朋友交流感情，卸下心头的负担。 strengthen vt.& vi.加强，增强 (strength n．力量；强项；长处 strong adj.强壮的) strengths and weaknesses优点和缺点 build up one’s strength/body强身健体 (1)Only when we know our own strengths(strength) and weaknesses can we build a harmonious relationship with others. (2)To avoid knee pain，you can run on soft surfaces，do exercises to strengthen (strong) your leg muscles. (3)To build up the students’ strength/body，our school held a 5-kilometer cross-country running race. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作) 为了能让学生强身健体，我们学校举行了一场5公里的越野赛。 acknowledge vt.承认(权威、地位)，认可；承认(属实)；(公开)感谢(acknowledgement n．承认；感谢) acknowledge...to be/as...承认……是/为…… acknowledge doing/having done sth承认做了某事 It is (widely) acknowledged that...人们(普遍)认为…… (1)This space walk is acknowledged as a milestone in the history of astronomy. (2)With no solid evidence，he refused to acknowledge leaking(leak) the secret of his company. (3)It is widely acknowledged that a good astronaut needs strong will and persistence. 人们普遍认为，一个好的宇航员需要坚强的意志和毅力。 insist vi.& vt.坚决要求，坚持；坚持说 insist on/upon (sb/sb’s) doing sth坚持(某人)做某事 insist that... (1)He insisted he was(be) right，regardless of other people’s objection. (2)The teacher insisted that every minute (should) be made(make) full use of to do the work well. (3)He insists on running(run) 500 meters every day in preparation for the PE test. panic n．惊恐，恐慌 vi.& vt.(panicked，panicked)(使)惊慌，(使)惊慌失措 •in panic惊慌地 get into a panic陷入恐慌 •panic sb into doing sth使某人惊慌地做某事 (1)(读后续写之动作、心理描写)Mac rushed into the car，slammed the door and trembled all over in panic. (2)I got into a panic when I heard that the damage to the brain was permanent. (3)The ship leaked badly，which panicked some men on board into diving into the water. 船严重泄漏，这使船上的一些人恐慌地跳入水中。 astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊(astonished adj.惊诧的；感到惊讶的 astonishing adj.令人惊讶的 astonishment n．惊讶，惊奇) •be astonished to do sth对做某事感到惊讶 be astonished at/by sth对某事感到惊讶 •in astonishment 吃惊地 to one’s astonishment 令某人吃惊的是 (1)I was astonished(astonish) that the pills were so effective for this disease. (2)People were astonished at/by the coverage that some remains of the plane were found. (3)妈妈真没想到双胞胎已为她做好了香甜的早餐。 ①It astonished the mother that sweet breakfast had been cooked for her by the twins.(astonish) ②To the mother’s astonishment，sweet breakfast had been cooked for her by the twins. (astonishment) (2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写) as引导非限制性定语从句 教材原句 Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way—as was the case with the explorer Christopher Columbus.凡取得伟大发现的人，往往必须战胜重重磨难，探险家克里斯托弗·哥伦布便是如此。(P31) •as既可以引导限制性定语从句也可以引导非限制性定语从句，as 在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。 •as引导非限制性定语从句时常译为“正如”。 •as引导限制性定语从句时，常用于the same...as...，such...as...，so...as...结构中。 •which引导非限制性定语从句时，意为“这一点”或“这”，从句不可位于句首。 (1)I failed to convince him of my innocence，which made me sad. (2)His boss dismissed him for his regular absence，as was expected. (3)She is such a girl as is always finding fault with other people. (4)众所周知，玩电脑游戏对孩子有害。 ①As is known to all，playing computer games is harmful to children.(as引导非限制性定语从句) ②It is known to all that playing computer games is harmful to children.(it作形式主语) Ⅰ.一词多义 log A.n.航海日志　B．n.原木　C．vt.伐木 1．The government imposed a ban on the export of unprocessed logs. B 2．It is illegal to log the trees in the forest without the government’s permission. C 3．The captain described the accident in the ship’s log. A Ⅱ.熟词生义 We gratefully acknowledge the contribution of everyone who helped us.(公开)感谢 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．He stuck with his plan，regardless of financial problems. 2．The shelter was in a mess，with boxes and shoes on the floor. 3．The assistant claimed she was unfairly dismissed from her post. 4．In any circumstance，what we should do is to calm down whenever we are in panic. 5．Through my efforts，I promise you that I can strengthen(strength) the friendship between China and England. 6．On behalf of our school，I would like to express our warm welcome to you，hoping we can establish a harmonious relationship. 7．I honestly hope it won’t be too long before I can make a voyage to far countries. 8．The latest promotion was a further proof of how good Jim once was as an assistant. 9．We have to admit that the social media has a powerful influence on/upon public opinion. 10．Finally，the moment of our departure(depart) arrived，and we loaded suitcases，books，camping equipment and a tent into the car. Ⅱ.选词填空 pass on，be loaded with，in the distance，pay a visit，search for 1．Last Sunday，our class paid a visit to the history museum regardless of the hot weather. 2．Much to our delight，the sound of water in the distance caught our attention and drove us to the river bank. 3．Much of the discount is pocketed by retailers instead of being passed on to customers. 4．It is reported that the rescuers’ mission is to search for the plane’s remains. 5．A plane，which was loaded with passengers，was flying across the sea when one of the engines caught fire. Ⅲ.单句写作(郑和船队远航) 1．郑和被认为是中国最有影响力的探险家之一。(acknowledge) Zheng He is acknowledged as one of China’s most influential explorers. 2．郑和的舰队从太仓出发启程，他的船上装载了瓷器、丝绸等。(load) Zheng He’s fleet departed from Taicang and his ships were loaded with china，silk and so on. 3．众所周知，远征是危险的，而且充满了挑战。(as引导非限制性定语从句) As is known to all，expedition is dangerous and full of challenges. 4．在航行中，其中一艘船漏水了，这使船上的所有人都感到震惊和害怕。(astonish) During the voyage，one of the ships leaked，which astonished and frightened all the people on board. 5．郑和坚决要求船员们保持冷静，并坚持说他有能力帮助他们脱离危险。(insist) Zheng He insisted that the crew should keep calm and that he was capable of helping them out of danger. Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2023·广东揭阳高二期末) Rachel Carson was a science writer widely respected for her books about oceans.But she also devoted years gathering scientific research that would awaken the public to the dangers of modern chemical pesticides.Her work，Silent Spring，became one of the most influential books of the 20th century.And it launched the modern environmental movement. Born in Pennsylvania，she became a marine scientist working for the US government，primarily as a writer and editor.Her first three books，Under the Sea-Wind，The Sea Around Us，and The Edge of the Sea were physical explanation of life in and near the sea.They made Carson one of the best-known and respected science writers.But then she turned her time and talents to a new subject. Carson had been concerned about the dangers of the pesticide DDT since the mid-1940s.At first DDT was a symbol of the progress of modern chemistry.It had saved countless lives by killing lice and mosquitoes that spread deadly diseases.But Carson doubted that spreading large quantities of poison throughout the environment could be completely safe.She painstakingly gathered research to prove that chemical industry was overconfident about the safety of chemicals that hadn’t been tested. Carson published her research as a book，Silent Spring，in 1962.It caused a criticism.Carson was immediately attacked by the chemical industry.Millions of citizens tuned in to watch a television program analyzing the issue.Carson’s calm and reasoned arguments turned the audience in her favor.Finally，her work convinced the president to call for an investigation. Eventually 12 of the most toxic chemicals Carson wrote about in Silent Spring，including DDT，were banned. She grew physically weak and endured a lot of pain.Yet she refused to stop working on the book.She died on April 14,1964，at the age of 56.Her writings helped to move the nation toward a new understanding of how humankind depends on the interconnection of all forms of life on Earth. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科普作家Rachel Carson收集科学研究并出版书籍，以唤醒公众对现代化学农药的危害的认识。 1．Why did Carson turn to a new field after she got famous? A．She was worried about the harm caused by the overuse of DDT. B．She was interested in the life-saving DDT at that time. C．She was surprised that DDT could kill lice and mosquitoes. D．She was doubtful about the effectiveness of DDT. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句和第三段第一句可知，Carson在成名后转向了一个新的领域是因为她担心过度使用DDT造成的危害。故选A。 2．What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph refer to? A．A deadly disease. B．The book，Silent Spring. C．DDT. D．Carson’s death. 答案　B 解析　代词指代题。根据上文“Carson published her research as a book，Silent Spring，in 1962.”可知，it指代上文的《寂静的春天》这本书。故选B。 3．What finally changed the public view of chemical safety? A．Carson’s first three books. B．The investigation of the president. C．Carson’s calmness facing the attacks. D．The arguments Carson presented on TV. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中“Carson’s calm and reasoned arguments turned the audience in her favor.”可知，Carson在电视节目中冷静且缜密的论点最终改变了公众对化学品安全的看法。故选D。 4．Which can be the best title of the passage? A．Pioneer in Ocean Protection B．First Woman Marine Scientist C．A Revolutionary Call Against DDT D．An Inspiring Research on DDT in Spring 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。根据第一段并结合全文可知，文章主要介绍了科普作家Rachel Carson收集科学研究并出版书籍，以唤醒公众对DDT等现代化学农药的危害的认识，所以C选项“一场反对DDT的革命性号召”概括文章主旨，最适合作文章标题。故选C。 Ⅴ.完形填空 (2023·湖北黄石高二期末) As a community worker，I came into serious conflict with my community last week，and things completely fell apart between me and my community.As a result，I 1 to step away from them，blocked them on social media and did my best to 2 about them.However，the issues continued to 3 me，and even had a bad 4 on other areas of my life. Yesterday，I was 5 to see this community and held a 6 because of a major work event.I was still in fear of the issues and felt 7 when I first saw the people I 8 with.Despite all of this，the strangest but most 9 thing happened to me.I felt something that I hadn’t felt in a long time，peace and forgiveness. At the meeting，there were no 10 or conflicts with anyone.It was 11 that a lot of people had 12 from the issues.I realized that there wasn’t anything to worry about anymore.No one 13 bad will on me，and no one was holding anger against me anymore.There was peace，and room for people to forgive and move on. When you 14 others，you not only free them and find peace with them，but yourself as well.Now，I only wish them the best life that they can have，and the most 15 they could ever have.And then，I move on. 语篇解读　本文是记叙文。作者因为严重的冲突与社区关系破裂，后来因工作原因再次去社区开会，忐忑之下却发现大家已经忘记冲突了。 1．A.pretended B．afforded C．decided D．refused 答案　C 解析　根据后文“to step away from them”可知，作者决定远离他们。故选C。 2．A.forget B．argue C．care D．worry 答案　A 解析　结合上文“to step away from them，blocked them on social media”可知，这里指作者决定远离他们，并努力忘记他们。故选A。 3．A.cheat B．bother C．alarm D．attack 答案　B 解析　根据上文“However，the issues continued to”可知，和作者的期待相反，这些事情持续困扰着作者。故选B。 4．A.habit B．plan C．influence D．relationship 答案　C 解析　根据后文“on other areas of my life”可知，这些问题甚至对作者生活的其他方面产生了不良影响。故选C。 5．A.designed B．supposed C．allowed D．forced 答案　D 解析　结合上文可知，作者和社区的关系已经完全破裂了，所以是被迫去的。故选D。 6．A.record B．position C．meeting D．party 答案　C 解析　根据下一段的“At the meeting”可知，作者是去开会了。故选C。 7．A.ashamed B．disappointed C．excited D．embarrassed 答案　D 解析　作者再次回到社区，和发生冲突的人相见，刚开始会尴尬。故选D。 8．A.competed B．conflicted C．connected D．communicated 答案　B 解析　呼应上文“I came into serious conflict with my community”，此处指和作者有冲突的人。故选B。 9．A.wonderful B．sad C．awful D．careful 答案　A 解析　根据后文“I felt something that I hadn’t felt in a long time，peace and forgiveness.”可知是美妙的事情。故选A。 10．A.movements B．achievements C．advertisements D．arguments 答案　D 解析　根据后文“or conflicts with anyone”可知，这里指没有与任何人发生争论或冲突。故选D。 11．A.impossible B．difficult C．obvious D．strange 答案　C 解析　上文提到会上没有再发生争论或冲突，可见，显然没有人还在关注这些问题了。故选C。 12．A.based on B．called on C．carried on D．moved on 答案　D 解析　呼应后文“There was peace，and room for people to forgive and move on.”，指不再关注这些问题，人们都走出来了。故选D。 13．A.registered B．wished C．revised D．decorated 答案　B 解析　根据后文“bad will on me”可知，此处为固定短语wish bad will on sb，表示“对某人不怀好意”。故选B。 14．A.represent B．forgive C．respect D．monitor 答案　B 解析　根据上文“to forgive and move on”可知，此处指原谅别人。故选B。 15．A.happiness B．career C．resource D．pattern 答案　A 解析　根据上文“Now，I only wish them the best life that they can have，and the most”可知，作者如今放下成见，祝福别人。故选A。 Ⅵ.语法填空 A crater on Mercury sat quietly for millions of years.Surprisingly，it acquired a name—Li Ch’ing-Chao，after a Chinese female poet Li Qingzhao.The International Astronomical Union named the first group of craters on the planet after 310 famous writers and artists in human history，Li included. What did she do to deserve such 1. honor？2. (compare) with other male poets in China,3. have left hundreds or even thousands of poems，she has only eighty-seven.4. ，her artistic creativity in her 5. (exist)works has earned her a permanent place in the Chinese literary circle. She grew up in a 6. (relative) relaxed atmosphere but her maiden(少女) days were so limited that the regret could be felt in her poem：“But don’t you know? Oh don’t you know？The red should languish and the green must grow.” The arrival and disappearance of spring is one of the most frequent themes in Chinese poetry.Li had two marriages.The first ended up her being abandoned during the war.7. (bad) still，she suffered physical abuse from her second husband.Bravely she charged him at the court and got the 8. (permit) to divorce. In the final stage of her life，even 9. no one to rely on，she never gave up hope and created many literary works that 10. (leave) for generations to appreciate to date. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了水星上的一个环形山以中国著名女词人李清照命名，这着实令人惊奇。李清照如何能够享有这份荣誉呢？本文由此对李清照的一生进行了简要的介绍。 1．答案　an 解析　考查冠词。 此处的honor意为“荣誉”，应用不定冠词修饰，且honor的发音以元音音素开头，所以填an。 2．答案　Compared 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处是固定短语compared with “与……相比”在句中作状语。 3．答案　who 解析　考查定语从句。 分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示人的先行词other male poets，所以填who。 4．答案　However 解析　考查副词。前一句表述和其他遗作几百甚至几千首的中国男性诗人相比，她只有八十七首，并结合空后的内容可知，此处前后形成转折，且修饰整个句子。空处位于句首，首字母大写。所以填However。 5．答案　existing 解析　考查词性转换。 分析句子结构可知，此处应是形容词修饰名词works，所以填existing“现存的”。 6．答案　relatively 解析　考查词性转换。 分析句子结构可知，空处修饰形容词relaxed，应用副词形式，所以填relatively。 7．答案　Worse 解析　考查副词的比较级。worse still意为“更糟糕的是”，是固定用法，符合语境，且空处位于句首，首字母大写。所以填Worse。 8．答案　permission 解析　考查词性转换。分析句子结构可知，空处应为名词，作动词got的宾语，其前的冠词the对其起限定作用，所以填permission。 9．答案　with 解析　考查介词。 此处表示尽管没有人可以依靠，为with的复合结构，故用介词with。 10．答案　have been left 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，空处为定语从句的谓语，关系代词that是从句的主语，指代many literary works，且空处与从句中的主语that构成被动关系，故用被动语态，再根据时间状语to date可知，应用现在完成时，又主语为复数，所以填have been left。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$