Unit 2 Period 3 Grammar and usage—Subject clauses-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

Period 3　Grammar and usage—Subject clauses 请认真阅读下列句子，感悟体会主语从句并完成方框下的小题。 1．What I want to know is his arrival time. 2．Whether they would support us was a problem. 3．It was a pity that you didn’t go to the talk. 4．That everyone may receive at least a moderate education is significant. 5．Whoever wants to reach a distant goal must take many small steps. [自主发现] 1．句1～5中，黑体部分均为主语从句。 2．句3中，It作形式主语，真正的主语是后面that引导的从句。 一、定义 在主从复合句中充当主语的从句即为主语从句。 What made people excited was that the solar ship had completed around-the-world trip. 让人们激动的是太阳能飞艇已完成了环球旅行。 It worried the astronaut that her niece was always playing computer games. 侄女经常玩电脑游戏，这让这名宇航员很担心。 二、基本用法 (一)主语从句的引导词 1．连接词that和whether/if (1)that在从句中不充当任何句子成分，本身无任何意义，只起连接作用，但不可省略。 That the astronomers survived the accident in the circumstances is a miracle. 在这种情况下，天文学家们在事故中幸存下来简直是个奇迹。 (2)whether/if在从句中不充当任何句子成分，起连接作用，意为“是否”，不可省略。 Whether the radiation will be controlled is still unknown. ＝It is still unknown if/whether the radiation will be controlled. 辐射是否会得到控制还是未知的。 2．连接代词(who，whose，whom，what，which，whichever，whoever，whomever，whatever等) 连接代词引导主语从句，在从句中可以作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 Whoever (of you) comes in first will be admitted by this agency. 无论(你们中的)谁获得第一名都将被这家机构录取。 Who will be in charge of the administration is plain to see. 谁将负责这个行政部门是显而易见的。 Whatever you do in your spare time should do no harm to others. 无论你在空闲时间做什么都不能伤害其他人。 3．连接副词(when，where，how，why等) 连接副词引导主语从句，在从句中作状语。 How this mission was accomplished is not clear to anyone. 这个任务是怎么完成的，谁也不清楚。 When we will have a meeting is an important question. 我们何时举行会议是个重要的问题。 Where the treasure was buried is still a puzzle. 财宝埋在哪里仍然是个谜。 [点津]　主语从句中引导词的选择技巧： (1)分析连接词在从句中所作的句子成分； (2)分析从句的意义。 (二)it作形式主语 为保持句子平衡，常把主语从句后置，而用形式主语it代替。it作形式主语时常用于以下句型： 句型 说明 It＋be动词＋形容词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的形容词有important，(un)likely，possible，necessary，natural，wrong等。 It＋be动词＋名词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的名词有fact，idea，honour，question，pity等。 It＋be动词＋动词-ed形式＋主语从句 常用于此句型的动词-ed形式有known，proved，said，decided，suggested，thought，believed等。 It＋不及物动词＋主语从句 常用于此句型的不及物动词有appear，happen，seem，occur，matter等。 It’s possible that he has passed the driving test. 他有可能通过了驾照考试。 It’s a pity that he didn’t catch the first bus. 他没赶上头班车，太可惜了。 It seems that it is going to rain. 看起来好像要下雨。 [点津]　(1)在“It＋be动词＋动词-ed形式＋主语从句”结构中，动词-ed形式若为suggested/ordered/required/advised等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。 It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 有人建议会议延期召开。 (2)在“It＋be动词＋形容词＋主语从句”结构中，若形容词为important/necessary/strange等，主语从句中的谓语用“(should) do”。 It is important that he (should) know about this. 重要的是他应该知道此事。 三、应注意的问题 (一)从句要用陈述语序 What we will do next should be decided. 应该决定我们下一步要做什么。 (二)主谓一致 1．从句作主语时，主句的谓语一般用单数形式。 Where he will get a job after graduation has bothered him much. 毕业后到哪儿找份工作使他很苦恼。 [点津]　what引导主语从句时，有时主句的谓语动词应与主句中作表语的名词保持一致。 What the school needs most are books. 这所学校最需要的是书。 2．如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句时，谓语动词用单数。 When they will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. 他们将在什么时候动身以及要去哪里还没定下来。 When and where the movie will be shown is not clear. 这部影片何时何地上映还不清楚。 用适当的连接词完成下面的短文 Everyone knew 1.that Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew 2.where she came from and 3.whether she was born in 1961 was still a mystery.4.What they did know was 5.that she was loved by poor people because she always helped 6.who(ever) was in need of money.Wendy was generous and helpful，but some people thought she was chasing fame.Wendy said she didn’t understand 7.why they were so narrow-minded，but it didn’t matter 8.what others thought of her.She just wanted to do 9.what(ever) she thought was right.I think that is 10.where the meaning of life lies. Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空 1．How the mission was done in such a short time was a permanent mystery. 2．Why John was late for the class is plain to see. 3．Which part of the territory he will make his way to needs discussing. 4．Where/When the English Evening will be held has not yet been decided. 5．What bothers me most is that he is too proud to take part in it. 6．Whoever is interested in the activity can sign his or her name. 7．Who will be in charge of the company is being discussed. 8．Whether the astronomers will hold a party tomorrow depends on the weather. 9．It is ordered that the construction of the sports ground should be completed next week. 10．That she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. Ⅱ.用主语从句完成下列句子 1．How this happened is not clear to anyone. 这是怎样发生的，谁也不清楚。 2．What impressed us most was your artistic skills，in which you showed outstanding talent. 令我们印象最深的是你那展现了杰出天赋的艺术技巧。 3．That the film star will come to our city has excited every one of us. 这个电影明星将来我们市，这使我们每个人感到兴奋。 4．Whether she is coming or not doesn’t bother me too much. 她是否会来我都不太在意。 5．When they will start is none of your business. 他们什么时候开始不关你的事。 Ⅲ.阅读理解 (2023·浙江湖州高二期末) After decades of development and many trials and frustrations along the way，the James Webb Telescope has finally started to deliver what it came for.On July 12，NASA released the first science observations made by the suite of instruments carried on board the mission，marking what we eagerly anticipate will be the beginning of a new era in astronomy. After the nail-biting launch on Christmas Day，a series of critical deployments followed to open up the telescope and its sunshade.If any of these operations had failed，James Webb would have been an unusable disaster.But the programme was perfectly executed，as the amazing observatory it has been planned to be. It was very exciting to see the new images selected by an international committee of representatives from NASA.Scientists were not prepared for the level of crispness and fine detail that can be seen.It’s a joy to finally have such high-quality data. Unveiled by US president Joe Biden，the stunning images of SMACS 0723，a cluster of thousands of galaxies，were released on July 11.The massive foreground galaxy groups magnify and twist the light of objects behind them，helping us to have a closer look at very faint objects in time. The image shows the galaxy cluster as it appeared 4.6 billion years ago.Images such as this will help us understand how the first stars and galaxies formed.Some of these may be among the most distant objects known，from the beginning of the universe. The size of a telescope—its aperture (孔径)—is the key thing that decides the ultimate quality of the images and the detail that can be observed.Bigger is better.With its six-metre aperture，James Webb is the largest telescope ever launched into space and from its vantage point a million miles from Earth，free from the Earth’s atmosphere，it is expected to deliver the best，most detailed views of the universe we have ever seen.There is no doubt that it will revolutionize our understanding of the universe，just as its predecessor，the Hubble Space Telescope，once did. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了詹姆斯·韦伯望远镜终于开始实现它的目标。 1．What marked the beginning of a new era in astronomy? A．The successful launch of the James Webb Telescope. B．The perfect operation of the James Webb Telescope. C．The new images about the galaxy cluster unveiled by US president Joe Biden. D．The first scientific exploration mission carried out by the James Webb Telescope. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“On July 12，NASA released the first science observations made by the suite of instruments carried on board the mission，marking what we eagerly anticipate will be the beginning of a new era in astronomy.”可知，詹姆斯·韦伯望远镜执行的第一个科学探索任务标志着天文学新时代的开始。故选D。 2．What made scientists surprised? A．How the first stars and galaxies formed 4.6 billion years ago. B．The clear and detailed images observed by the James Webb Telescope. C．The programme of the James Webb Telescope was perfectly performed. D．The James Webb Telescope went through decades of development and tests. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“Scientists were not prepared for the level of crispness and fine detail that can be seen.It’s a joy to finally have such high-quality data.”可知，詹姆斯·韦伯望远镜观测到的清晰而详细的图像让科学家感到惊讶。故选B。 3．What does the underlined word “faint” mean in paragraph 4? A．Unclear. B．Tiny. C．Weak. D．Blank. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句前半句“The massive foreground galaxy groups magnify and twist the light of objects behind them”可推知，这种放大和扭曲的光可以帮助我们及时地近距离观察非常模糊的物体。所以faint为“模糊的，不清楚的”之意。故选A。 4．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．The Hubble Space Telescope covers a distance of six metres. B．The James Webb Telescope is larger than the Hubble Space Telescope. C．A million miles from Earth is the best location for astronomy observation. D．Our understanding of the universe has been completely changed by the James Webb Telescope. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“With its six-metre aperture，James Webb is the largest telescope ever launched into space...its predecessor，the Hubble Space Telescope，once did.”可推断，詹姆斯·韦伯望远镜比哈勃太空望远镜大。故选B。 Ⅳ.完形填空 (2023·福建三明高二期末) The day began as usual.My husband，Alan，entered his office in our home to 1 in a conference call.Suddenly，I heard words that seemed 2 ，like “turn in my laptop” and “severance pay (离职金)”．When he exited his 3 ，saying he was fired，my fears were 4 .I hugged my husband although the news 5 my heart.Later that day I was working when I received a call from the doctor，“You have cancer.” I 6 remembered how shocked I was.How wonderful things had been up until that day.It was all too 7 to last.Now it’s time to pay back for all those amazing years.Alan 8 me gently into his arms when I arrived home， 9 in my ear，“Someday in the future，we’re going to write about today and we’ll call it Worst Day Ever.” With time dragging on，our 10 grew，but we kept our heads up and always looked forward. It eventually 11 .Within months，Alan was offered a new 12 and the results of my new diagnosis (诊断) were more than 13 . Worst Day Ever removed all the unimportant stuff and shone a bright light on all the important things，like family， 14 ，and health，which Alan and I were 15 with.We’ll never，ever take them for granted again. 语篇解读　这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在同一天里，作者的丈夫被辞退，而作者自己也查出患有癌症，二人把这一天称为“有史以来最糟糕的一天”。后来在夫妻二人的共同努力下，一切好转。“有史以来最糟糕的一天”让作者更珍惜生活。 1．A.bring B．participate C．take D．compete 答案　B 解析　由下文的“in a conference call”可知，此处指在家中办公室参加电话会议。故选B。 2．A.meaningful B．powerful C．normal D．unusual 答案　D 解析　 由下文的“‘turn in my laptop’ and ‘severance pay (离职金)’”可知，“上缴笔记本电脑”和“离职金”与离职相关，是不寻常的词。故选D。 3．A.office B．game C．home D．work 答案　A 解析　由上文语境可知，作者的丈夫在家中办公室参加电话会议，应该是开完会议后，走出了办公室和作者说话。故选A。 4．A.spread B．exposed C．confirmed D．overcome 答案　C 解析　由上文的“‘turn in my laptop’ and ‘severance pay (离职金)’”可知，作者听到了与离职相关的话语，应该已在猜测丈夫是否被解雇，而丈夫说自己被解雇时，作者对丈夫失业的恐惧得到了证实。故选C。 5．A.missed B．broke C．lost D．beat 答案　B 解析　由上文语境可知，对丈夫被解雇一事，作者是感到恐惧的，心中应该是不开心的，这让作者心碎。故选B。 6．A.narrowly B．occasionally C．distinctly D．gradually 答案　C 解析　由上文的“I received a call from the doctor，‘You have cancer.’”和下文的“how shocked I was”可知，对于得癌症一事，作者感到震惊，应该是清楚地记得当时的情景。故选C。 7．A.good B．calm C．easy D．peaceful 答案　A 解析　由上文的“How wonderful things had been up until that day.”可知，在被医生告知病况前，作者那一天都还好，但听到医生的话后，这种美好无法持续了。故选A。 8．A.threw B．took C．pushed D．dropped 答案　B 解析　由下文的“me gently into his arms”可知，此处指丈夫安慰作者，抱作者入怀，take sb into one’s arms“抱某人入怀”。故选B。 9．A.whispering B．whistling C．sighing D．complaining 答案　A 解析　根据下文的“in my ear”以及丈夫所说的话可知，是丈夫在作者耳边耳语。故选A。 10．A.hope B．anxiety C．depression D．confidence 答案　B 解析　由上文语境可知，丈夫失业，作者生病，整个家庭雪上加霜，夫妻俩的焦虑与日俱增，此处用anxiety突出对未来的不确定性的担心和忧虑，故选B。 11．A.faded away B．broke out C．took shape D．paid off 答案　D 解析　由下文语境可知，丈夫得到了新工作，说明夫妻二人积极的态度得到了回报。故选D。 12．A.position B．apartment C．laptop D．qualification 答案　A 解析　由上文的“he was fired”以及“Alan was offered a new”可知，丈夫应该是得到了一个新工作。故选A。 13．A.puzzling B．disappointing C．encouraging D．appealing 答案　C 解析　呼应上文语境讲事情好转，可得出作者的新诊断结果也是好的、令人鼓舞的。故选C。 14．A.occupation B．ambition C．luck D．love 答案　D 解析　由上文的“I hugged my husband”和“Alan me gently into his arms”可知，双方遇到困难，夫妻二人互相安慰，困境让二人明白了爱的重要性。故选D。 15．A.bored B．surprised C．favoured D．annoyed 答案　C 解析　由上文的“Worst Day Ever removed all the unimportant stuff and shone a bright light on all the important things”可知，“有史以来最糟糕的一天”让二人学会摒弃所有琐碎的东西，关注生活中真正重要的东西，让二人有幸拥有家庭、爱和健康，be favoured with “有幸拥有”。故选C。 Ⅴ.语法填空 Adversity can beat you down，but probably it also has the ability to make you stronger.The impact and ultimate result depend on 1. you do with the difficulties that come in your way. Beethoven composed one of his 2. (great) works after going deaf.Qu Yuan was exiled，and then he wrote Li Sao.Had Columbus turned back，no one could 3. (blame) him.Of course，no one would have remembered 4. ，either.Gou Jian beat Fu Chai after many years of imprisonment. And here is a more recent example.For sixteen years，Dr.Mary Groda-Lewis had a difficult time 5. (study) the written words on account of a learning disorder.She 6. (put) in prison on two different occasions and almost died of a stroke when bearing a child.She resolved 7. (go) to college，so she did a variety of odd jobs to save money.When graduating from high school at eighteen，she was considered as an outstanding student and finally entered college 8. (success)．Determined to become a doctor，she received many 9. (rejection) of the medical schools before Albany Medical College finally accepted her.In 1984，Dr.Mary Groda-Lewis,10. was thirty-five years old then，graduated with honors and realized her dream. 语篇解读　逆境可以打败你，也能使你更强大，最终的结果取决于你在面对困难时如何对待它。 1．答案　what 解析　考查宾语从句。do with“处理，应对”与what搭配构成“what...do with”结构，表示“如何应对/处理”。故填what。 2．答案　greatest 解析　考查形容词的最高级。“one of＋one’s＋形容词的最高级＋名词的复数形式”表示“最……之一”。故填greatest。 3．答案　have blamed 解析　考查虚拟语气。Had Columbus turned back是If Columbus had turned back的省略倒装结构，表示与过去事实相反的假设，其主句的谓语动词应用could/would have done。故填have blamed。 4．答案　him 解析　考查代词。此处指代前文的Columbus，在句中作宾语，故用宾格him。 5．答案　studying 解析　考查非谓语动词。have a difficult time doing sth表示“做某事有困难”。故填studying。 6．答案　was put 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。该段介绍Dr.Mary Groda-Lewis过去的经历，故应用一般过去时；句子主语She与谓语动词put之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；主语为第三人称单数，所以空格处填was put。 7．答案　to go 解析　考查非谓语动词。resolve to do sth“下决心做某事”。故填to go。 8．答案　successfully 解析　考查词性转换。修饰动词entered应用副词形式。故填successfully。 9．答案　rejections 解析　考查名词复数。rejection是可数名词，空格前有many修饰，应用复数形式。故填rejections。 10．答案　who 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句为非限制性定语从句，空处修饰先行词Dr.Mary Groda-Lewis，关系词在从句中作主语，故用who引导。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$