Unit 2 Out of This World 培优提能限时练(2)-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（译林版2020）

培优提能限时练(二) (限时：60分钟　满分：75分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共8小题；每小题2.5分，满分20分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A (2023·陕西西安高二联考) An astronaut crew of private citizens has been launched to the International Space Station(ISS)．The launch happened in Florida’s Kennedy Space Center.The flight is the first to be organized and operated by a private company involving a completely commercial astronaut crew. The four­member team will travel to the ISS inside a spacecraft built by American company SpaceX.The crew members are from the private company Axiom Space based in Houston，Texas.The group is led by retired NASA astronaut Michael Lopez­Alegria.The mission is called Ax­1.Lopez­Alegria will be joined by the mission pilot，Larry Conner，a businessman and private pilot from Ohio.The other members of the crew are Israeli fighter pilot Eytan Stibbe and Mark Pathy，a Canadian businessman.Stibbe and Pathy will serve as mission specialists. NASA says it will cooperate with Axiom mission officials to plan joint activities involving the Axiom team and regular ISS crew members.Currently，there are three American astronauts aboard the ISS，along with a German astronaut and three Russian astronauts. The launch is being praised as a turning point in the latest expansion of commercial space activities.Such activities have become known in the industry as the low­Earth orbit(轨道) economy，or the “LEO economy”． The latest mission’s crew might seem similar to private space tourists who recently took space rides that did not reach orbit.The trips aim to fly private citizens to the edge of space and permit them to experience weightlessness and observe Earth. But Axiom executives(主管领导) say their mission is very different.“We are not space tourists，” Lopez­Alegria says.The Ax­1 team will be carrying equipment and supplies for 26 science and technology experiments.They include research in areas including brain and heart health，cancer and aging. Axiom’s co­founder and executive chairman，Kam Ghaffarian，says he saw the launch as “the beginning of many beginnings for commercializing low­Earth orbit”．He adds：“We’re like in the early days of the Internet，and we haven’t even imagined all the possibilities，all the capabilities that we’re going to be providing in space.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了由四人组成的私人宇航员小组将在佛罗里达搭乘宇宙飞船前往国际空间站。 1．Who have been launched from Florida’s Kennedy Space Center to the ISS? A．The four­member private astronaut crew. B．The four crew members from SpaceX. C．The four professional astronauts. D．The four private space tourists. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“An astronaut crew of private citizens has been launched to the International Space Station(ISS)．”及第二段第一句可知，四人组成的私人宇航员小组被送往国际空间站。故选A。 2．Who is the pilot of the mission Ax­1? A．Mark Pathy. B．Larry Conner. C．Eytan Stibbe. D．Michael Lopez­Alegria. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Lopez­Alegria will be joined by the mission pilot，Larry Conner，a businessman and private pilot from Ohio.”可知，Larry Conner是此次飞行任务的飞行员。故选B。 3．Why does Lopez­Alegria say they were not space tourists? A．They will help with the astronauts’ work in the ISS. B．They will experience weightlessness. C．They will do scientific researches in the ISS. D．They will just fly to the edge of space. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段最后两句可知，Lopez­Alegria说他们不是游客的原因是他们将在空间站做很多科学实验。故选C。 4．What does Kam think of the LEO economy? A．It is the beginning of space tourism. B．It is just an imagination. C．It is faced with more uncertainties. D．It is a promising business. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段可知，Kam认为这次发射是近地轨道商业化的开端，这个行业有无限的可能。由此推知，他认为这是一个有前途的行业。故选D。 B The surface of Mars is etched(蚀刻) with ancient river valleys and lake basins.Some researchers think that liquid water once flowed on the Red Planet.Today，Mars is too cold for much，if any，liquid water to exist.And 3.8 billion years ago，when the flowing water formed，the sun was fainter than it is today，making it even harder to imagine a warm Martian climate.That’s why many researchers think Mars may have gone in and out of deep freezes. Some researchers have suggested that early Mars only melt when large asteroid(小行星) impacts or volcanic eruptions temporarily warmed the planet.But Kasting，a geologist at Pennsylvania State University，thinks warm windows from such dramatic events would have been too brief to carve the vast valleys that exist on Mars.Now，Kasting and his colleagues have come up with an alternative explanation：They think Mars may have experienced a series of climate cycles caused by changes in the strength of the greenhouse effect. The idea goes like this：When Mars was cold and frozen，volcanoes continued to erupt the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and hydrogen into the atmosphere.There，the gas blanket trapped heat and warmed the planet up until liquid water began to flow，forming Mars’ rivers and lakes.However，warm temperatures and abundant water would also have sped up certain chemical reactions that consumed carbon dioxide，mitigating the greenhouse effect and cooling the planet back down again.Then the cycle would repeat. Kasting shared his theory with other astronomers at the December meeting of the American Geophysical Union in San Francisco，and in the journal Earth and Planetary Science Letters.So far，Kasting’s team has only shown that such an explanation is possible.But the researchers say field trips could help test the idea by looking for evidence of multiple warm events，and their duration. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。火星上曾经有液态水，那它是怎么形成的呢？科学家们提出了新的猜想。 5．What made researchers believe that liquid water once existed on Mars? A．The color of the planet. B．The geological features of Mars. C．The temperatures of the sun. D．The natural climate of Mars. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段前两句可知，火星的地质特征，即表面存在古老水道蚀刻的痕迹，让研究人员认为火星上曾经有液态水。故选B。 6．Which idea may Kasting agree with? A．Large asteroids had no impact on Mars. B．Volcanic eruptions were very frequent on Mars. C．There were no carbon dioxide and hydrogen on Mars. D．The vast valleys on Mars couldn’t be formed in a short time. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，Kasting认为，突发事件带来的温暖期太过短暂，不足以形成火星上巨大的峡谷。故选D。 7．What does the underlined word “mitigating” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Reducing. B．Imitating. C．Predicting. D．Enhancing. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词前半句可知，高温和充足的水分加速了二氧化碳的消耗，二氧化碳减少就会减缓温室效应，从而使火星温度下降。所以mitigating为“减少，减缓”之意。故选A。 8．Which of the following might confirm Kasting’s theory? A．The publication of the journal. B．The future Mars missions. C．The design of the climate model. D．The cooperation with astronomers. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，研究人员认为，未来的火星任务进行的实地考察或许可以发现气候反复变暖的证据来帮助证明这个理论。故选B。 Ⅱ.完形填空(共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Society has certain standards for beauty.But the Romanian camerawoman Mihaela Noroc is 1 these standards.She spent nearly four years shooting 2 of women around the world. She believes that beauty can 3 many forms.“Beauty just means being 4 ，” Noroc told NPR，“I don’t think we have to 5 ourselves to be in certain way; we just have to keep ourselves as we are and don’t necessarily need to change.” 6 by a trip to Africa in 2013，Noroc has traveled to more than 50 countries since then. In 2017，she published a book to show how many different kinds of 7 there are in the world.From a 8 Russian dancer to a joyful cafe owner in New York，Noroc’s subjects 9 her in deep conversation.Noroc found out what 10 them，what their daily struggles and joys are，and what brings beauty into their own lives.“Wherever I go，it is the 11 that carry all the cultures and traditions of a place.I really try to focus on women’s stories，how they face challenges and 12 them，” Noroc told CNN. In Iran，Noroc met Farnoush，a woman living in two worlds.“In one she is an economist，by 13 .In the other，she is an artist，because this is her 14 .” In Noroc’s world，the beauty of women 15 how natural and comfortable they appear while just being themselves. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了罗马尼亚摄影师Mihaela Noroc。她关注世界各地女性的生存状态，倡导女性成为自我，并致力于阐释女性美的多元性。 1．A.setting B．stressing C．challenging D．considering 答案　C 解析　根据上文“Society has certain standards for beauty.”和下文“She believes that beauty can many forms.”可知，Mihaela Noroc正在挑战美的标准。故选C。 2．A.pictures B．needs C．targets D．outlines 答案　A 解析　根据上文“the Romanian camerawoman Mihaela Noroc”可知，Mihaela Noroc是一名摄影师，所以是拍摄了很多女性照片。故选A。 3．A.carry on B．take on C．live on D．work on 答案　B 解析　根据下文“In 2017，she published a book to show how many different kinds of there are in the world.”可知，Mihaela Noroc相信美具有很多呈现形式。故选B。 4．A.itself B．himself C．herself D．yourself 答案　D 解析　根据下文“I don’t think we have to ourselves to be in certain way”可知，Noroc认为我们就应该做自己，这样就是美的。故选D。 5．A.adapt B．explain C．change D．admit 答案　C 解析　根据下文“we just have to keep ourselves as we are and don’t necessarily need to change”可知，Noroc认为我们不必改变自己。故选C。 6．A.Inspired B．Funded C．Persuaded D．Appointed 答案　A 解析　根据下文“Noroc has traveled to more than 50 countries since then”可知，Noroc在去非洲时受到了启发，之后又去了50多个国家。故选A。 7．A.beauty B．courage C．pride D．joy 答案　A 解析　根据上文“She believes that beauty can many forms.”可知，Noroc在书中展示了世界上不同的美。故选A。 8．A.dying B．confusing C．disappointing D．struggling 答案　D 解析　根据下文“what their daily struggles and joys are”可知，Noroc拍摄了一个正在奋斗的俄罗斯舞者。故选D。 9．A.devoted B．limited C．engaged D．supported 答案　C 解析　engage sb in conversation 意为“和某人谈话”。根据下文“Noroc found out what them，what their daily struggles and joys are，and what brings beauty into their own lives.”可知，Noroc和拍摄对象进行了深入的谈话。故选C。 10．A.prevents B．moves C．separates D．keeps 答案　B 解析　根据“what their daily struggles and joys are，and what brings beauty into their own lives”可知，Noroc通过拍摄和交谈发现了是什么促使着她们。故选B。 11．A.men B．women C．supermen D．camerawomen 答案　B 解析　根据下文“I really try to focus on women’s stories，how they face challenges and them”可知，Noroc聚焦女性故事，因为女性承载着一个地方的文化和传统。故选B。 12．A.resist B．control C．overcome D．ignore 答案　C 解析　根据“how they face challenges”可知，遇到挑战就要克服它们。故选C。 13．A.major B．reference C．education D．profession 答案　D 解析　根据“In one she is an economist”可知，这里是在介绍Farnoush的职业。故选D。 14．A.affection B．ambition C．motive D．mission 答案　A 解析　根据“In one she is an economist，by .In the other，she is an artist”可知，职业是生活需要，艺术就是自己热爱的东西。故选A。 15．A.brings about B．shows off C．puts forward D．lies in 答案　D 解析　根据上文“She believes that beauty can many forms.”可知，Noroc认为美有多种存在形式，所以说在做自己的同时表现得自然舒适就是美的一种存在形式。故选D。 Ⅲ.语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 (2023·江苏徐州高二期中) The China Manned Space Agency has revealed logos for three 1. (mission) of China’s manned space program this year—the launches of the cargo craft(货船) Tianzhou 6，the crewed spaceships Shenzhou and Shenzhou . According to the CMSA，since the call out for logo designs on Feb.15，it 2. (receive) more than 1,500 submissions from over 500 organizations 3. individuals across China.After preliminary(初步的) selection，online voting and final confirmation，three logos，which 4. (be) designed by Xiaoao Tiangong Culture and Art (Beijing) Center，the Beijing Institute of Space Science and Technology Information，and a postgraduate student at Sichuan Fine Arts Institute，were 5. (official) released. The selected logos were well designed and filled 6. the best wishes for China’s space station.The logo of the Shenzhou mission even includes the kun,7. sacred(神圣的) animal from Chinese mythology(神话)，8. flies extremely high，far and steadily. It was the first open logo solicitation(征求) of China’s manned space program.The Tianzhou 6 cargo craft 9. (expect) to launch in May.The Shenzhou and Shenzhou spaceships will launch in May and October，respectively，and will dock with the space station 10. (form) combination of three modules and three spaceships，according to an earlier announcement made by the CMSA. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国载人航天局发布了本年度三项载人航天任务的标志。 1．答案　missions 解析　考查名词复数。根据前面的提示词three可知，用名词的复数形式。故填missions。 2．答案　has received 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据前文“since the call out for logo designs on Feb.15”可知，此处用现在完成时。主语是it，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has received。 3．答案　and 解析　考查连词。根据句意可知，空格前后属于并列关系，所以用并列连词and。故填and。 4．答案　were 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据本句时态可知，用一般过去时。空格前which指代three logos，是复数，所以谓语动词用复数形式。故填were。 5．答案　officially 解析　考查副词。此处用副词来修饰动词released。故填officially。 6．答案　with 解析　考查介词。be filled with意为“充满”，为固定搭配。故填with。 7．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。句中的“鲲”这种神兽第一次提及，应用不定冠词，scared的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 8．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，指代物kun，应使用关系代词which引导。故填which。 9．答案　is expected 解析　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。根据句意可知，该句陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。主语The Tianzhou 6 cargo craft为单数，与expect之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填is expected。 10．答案　to form 解析　考查非谓语动词。根据句意可知，空处在这里表示目的，应用to do不定式结构。故填to form。 Ⅳ.读后续写(满分25分) 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Most people don’t remember how they learn to read and write because it happens to them naturally.Writing just means turning thoughts into words on a page.But it is a completely different story if you are born with Dyslexia，a learning disability which affects skills involved in reading，spelling and writing.Writing is a big challenge for these kids and unfortunately，I was one of them. When in kindergarten，I was always struggling with my writing.For example，I used to misspell beautiful.Never could I quite remember that the e went before the a．It annoyed my teacher very much for I happened to love using beautiful a lot.If I was going to use the word so much，she figured the least I could do was spelling it right.My mom complained that I just didn’t try hard.Every time I got my paper back，I dared not open it because I knew it must be full of red lines and a disappointing “C”． Two years later，I came to a primary school，still with far satisfying writing.But a new teacher，Mrs White，came to my life.In my eyes，she was very beautiful.She had bright blue eyes，short dark hair，red lips and fair skin，as beautiful as Snow White. Actually，I don’t remember much about what we learned in her class，but my mother once told me that we used to write articles a lot.And I would bring back what I wrote and she would look at it and see there were so many mistakes，both in grammar and spelling.But there were no red corrections，always a star and sometimes even a “Good”，which would make my heart cry with happiness.I always looked forward to the next writing class.It worried my mother，though， thinking Mrs White was an irresponsible teacher.So one day when she went in to meet Mrs White for one of those Parent­Teacher meetings，she asked her why she never corrected my mistakes and why she never red­pencilled in the wrong spellings of words or grammatical errors. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 Mrs White smiled and said she didn’t focus on my mistakes.________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ I went to her office，asking shyly whether I could attend the writing competition.__________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 参考范文 Mrs White smiled and said she didn’t focus on my mistakes.Instead，she encouraged me to express my thoughts and ideas freely through writing.She believed that by focusing on the positive aspects of my writing，I would eventually gain the confidence to work on improving the areas where I needed help.Mrs White’s approach was revolutionary and effective.Under her guidance，I started to enjoy writing，and my skills improved significantly. I went to her office，asking shyly whether I could attend the writing competition.To my surprise，she not only agreed but also encouraged me to participate.She said that I had come a long way and that my writing skills were much better now.She believed that participating in a competition would give me an opportunity to showcase my talents and inspire others who might be struggling with similar challenges.Mrs White’s support and encouragement were instrumental in my success as a writer.I will always be grateful to her for her guidance and support. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$