Unit 2 Period 4 Using language(1)：Grammar—Predicative clauses-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（外研版2019）

Period 4　Using language(1)：Grammar—Predicative clauses 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并回答后面的小题 Mei Lanfang was born into a family of Peking and Kunqu Opera performers in 1894.The age of eight was ①when he started training in Peking Opera on a daily basis.When he was 17，he kept a flock of pigeons and trained them to fly high.Watching the pigeons as they flew every day was ②how he developed the expressive eye movements which were important to his art.His hard work and dedication were ③what made him a leading artist in Peking Opera.Mei was also an innovator.His innovations in make-up and costume design were ④what contributed greatly to the development of Peking Opera.Until he passed away in 1961，Mei had been performing and encouraging the spread of Peking Opera for almost 60 years.This lifelong devotion is ⑤what has made him one of the most celebrated Peking Opera artists of all time. [自主发现] 以上黑体部分均为表语从句；表语从句是指放在系动词后充当表语的句子。含有表语从句的一般结构为“主语＋系动词＋连接词＋表语从句”；以上五个从句的连接词分别为when，how，what，what，what；其中when和how在以上从句中作状语；what在以上从句中均作主语。 一、表语从句概述 在主从复合句中充当表语的从句，叫作表语从句。它常位于系动词之后，用来说明主语是什么或怎么样。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，seem，look，sound，taste，feel，remain，appear等。 What he wants to know is whether Mrs Smith can help polish his composition. 他想知道的是史密斯夫人是否能帮他润色作文。 二、表语从句的连接词 Conjunctions(连接词) Functions(功能) in the clause 从属连词 that，whether 不充当成分 连接代词 what，whom，who，which，whose，wh-ever 主语、宾语、表语、定语 连接副词 when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever 状语 (1)从属连词引导的表语从句 The girl’s greatest fault is that she is too uncomplicated. 那个女孩最大的毛病是太单纯。 The point is whether we can find a bag resembling the old one. 关键是我们能否找到一个和旧包相似的包。 总结：①连词that无意义，不充当成分，且不可省略；②whether可引导表语从句，一般不用if代替，在从句中不充当成分，意思是“是否”。 (2)连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句 The artisan in our hometown is no longer what he was. 我们家乡的那位工匠不再是从前的样子了。 The most important issue is who will be in charge of the project in such harsh conditions. 最重要的问题是谁将在如此恶劣的条件下负责这个项目。 The problem is how we can handle the difficult situation. 问题是我们如何才能处理困难的局面。 That’s where the famous astronomer is wrong. 那就是这位著名的天文学家不对的地方。 总结：连接代词和连接副词引导表语从句时往往带有它们的疑问含义，连接代词在表语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语或定语，连接副词在表语从句中充当状语。 三、使用表语从句时的注意事项 (1)表语从句采用陈述语序，即“连接词＋主语＋谓语” (疑问语序) Who can we get to replace her? 我们能找到谁代替她呢？ (表语从句中的陈述语序) The problem is who we can get to replace her. 问题是我们能找到谁代替她。 (2)why和because引导的表语从句的区别 That’s why... 意为“那是……的原因”，强调结果 That’s because... 意为“那是因为……”，强调原因 The reason why...is that... 意为“……的原因是……”，此处why引导的是定语从句，that引导的是表语从句 He always finds fault with me and that’s why I get angry with him. 他总是找我茬。那就是我对他生气的原因。 I get angry with him，and that’s because he always finds fault with me. 我对他很生气。那是因为他总是找我茬。 The reason why I get angry with him is that he always finds fault with me. 我对他生气的原因是他总是找我茬。 (3)that和what的区别 that引导表语从句时，是从属连词，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用；what是连接代词，引导表语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 That was what was bothering her on the way to school yesterday. 那就是昨天上学路上困扰她的事情。 Apparently，the problem is that the girl lacks confidence while expressing herself. 很显然，问题是这个女孩在表达自己时缺乏信心。 (4)as if/though引导的表语从句，从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气 The meat tastes as if it has already gone bad. 这肉尝起来似乎已经坏了。 Though in his sixties，he looks as if he were very young. 尽管60多岁了，他看上去很年轻。 (5)表语从句中的虚拟语气 如果主语是advice，suggestion，proposal，request，order等时，表语从句谓语动词的形式：(should＋)动词原形。 My suggestion is that you (should) take in foods high in protein. 我的建议是你应该摄入富含蛋白质的食物。 尽可能多地运用表语从句翻译下列语段 悲伤的泪水顺着我的脸颊流淌。这是因为我英语考试不及格。似乎我被扔进了绝望的世界。关键问题是我完全失去了信心。幸运的是，我的英语老师的建议是我应该多记单词。关键是我如何才能把所学的任何东西应用到实践中去。逐渐地，我脸上又露出了笑容。 Tears of sadness poured down my cheeks.This was because I failed in the English exam.It seemed as if I had been thrown into the world of hopelessness.The key problem was that I completely lost confidence.Luckily，my English teacher’s suggestion was that I (should) memorize more words.The key was how I could apply whatever I learned to practice.Gradually，a smile appeared on my face again. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park. 2．The order is that the work (should) be finished(finish) three weeks ahead of time. 3．The most important thing is how we can get through the difficult times. 4．As John Lennon once said，life is what happens to you when you are busy making other plans. 5．The question is whether we will go for an outing tomorrow if it is sunny. 6．Another reason is that many of today’s young people believe it’s wrong to kill animals for food. 7．There will be challenges ahead，however，which is why we are fully preparing for all possibilities. 8．However dark the road ahead is，always keep your head up to the sky because that’s where your dreams lie. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．My suggestion is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible. 我的建议是你应该尽可能经常地练习说英语。 2．He used to be a timid and bookish boy，but now he is not what he was a few years ago. 他过去是个胆小又书呆子气的男孩，但现在他已经不是几年前的样子了。 3．When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it were broken.当把一部分铅笔插入装有水的玻璃杯中时，看上去就好像铅笔断了。 4．What he’s worried about is whether he will win the manager’s support. 他担心的是他是否会赢得经理的支持。 5．The reason why she follows the fashion is that she lacks confidence. 她赶时髦的原因是她缺乏自信。 Ⅲ.阅读下面短文并用适当的连接词填空 The fact is 1.that Wendy was a famous writer，but no one knew where she came from and the question remained 2.whether she was born in 1961.What they did know was 3.that she was loved by poor people because she always helped whoever was in need of money.Despite this，some people thought she was chasing fame.Why they were so narrow-minded was 4.what Wendy couldn’t understand，but it seemed as if she didn’t care.The most important was 5.that she just wanted to do 6.what(ever) she thought was right.She thought that was 7.where the meaning of life lay. Ⅳ.阅读理解 The national outpouring of grief(悲痛) at the death of two legendary academicians(院士)over the weekend，as if people had lost beloved members of their own families，offers much food for thought. At 1：02 pm on May 22nd，2021，liver surgeon Wu Mengchao，99，died in Shanghai.He is known as the founder of hepatobiliary surgery(肝胆外科) in the country and was the teacher of roughly 80 percent of the nation’s experts and doctors specializing in liver surgery today.Wu operated on thousands of patients，and saved at least 16，000 lives.Five minutes later in Changsha，Hunan Province，agricultural scientist Yuan Longping died at the age of 91.He was known as the father of hybrid rice who helped lift the nation out of hunger. With their dedication to science and commitment to the people，the two devoted their lives to saving lives and improving people’s livelihoods.Together with generations of their students，they not only made a big difference to the lives of the Chinese people，but also many living in other developing and least-developed countries. Wu insisted that medical science is humanity while Yuan’s lifelong dream was always to enable the Chinese people to fill their own bowls with rice.What makes Wu and Yuan great is not only their achievements，but also their shared attachment to the people.The public’s spontaneous(自发的) outpouring of grief at their deaths，which has been rare in the country for decades，shows how much their down-to-earth dedication to improving people’s lives touched hearts throughout the country. Yuan and Wu are just two representatives of the large numbers of scientific workers that have devoted their lives to their research，giving the country’s people-centered development principle more practical meaning.The country needs more scientists to inherit and carry forward their spirit.Even those in other walks of life can draw inspiration from the two academicians’ commitment to their dreams，care for the people，and unconcern about material enjoyment，so as to make the best of what life grants for themselves and others. 语篇解读　这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了中国两位传奇院士吴孟超、袁隆平的逝世并呼吁科学家及其他各行各业的人向他们学习。 1．Which two fields do Wu Mengchao and Yuan Longping specialize in? A．Education and agriculture. B．Medicine and social science. C．Education and social science. D．Hepatobiliary surgery and agriculture. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，吴孟超是肝胆外科医生，由这一段倒数第二句的“agricultural scientist Yuan Longping”可知，袁隆平是农业科学家。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “dedication” in para.3 mean? A．Devotion. B．Influence. C．Exploration. D．Respect. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，画线词应和and后面的commitment(奉献)为同义词或近义词，结合后面的谓语devoted their lives(奉献了一生)可推断，该词为“奉献、贡献”的意思。故选A。 3．Why did the academicians’ death grieve the whole nation? A．Because the modern Internet helped to spread the news. B．Because Wu and Yuan were well known over the country. C．Because people thought it necessary to follow the sorrowful trend. D．Because they made great contributions and shared selfless love to the people. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第二句可知，两位院士是心怀人民、爱人民的。根据第四段第三句可知，举国悲痛是因为他们为改善人民生活做出的巨大贡献以及对人民无私的爱。故选D。 4．What’s the best title for the text? A．A Sorrowful Weekend B．Let Their Scientific Spirit Live On C．Two Great Academicians Passed Away D．The Great Contributions of Two Great Scientists 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。最后一段为文章的主旨段，表明科学家乃至各行各业的人都要学习、继承和弘扬他们的科学精神。故选B。 Ⅴ.完形填空 (2023·江苏连云港高二期末) On the final day of my second year of high school，I was hit in the face with a baseball bat.After weeks in hospital， 1 ，I returned home with a broken nose.The following months were 2 .It felt like everything was on pause.And I became painfully 3 that my return to baseball was not smooth. After a year of self-doubt，I 4 not to let my injury get me down.If things were going to improve，I knew I was the one 5 for making it happen. When I began college，I 6 getting my life in order.While my peers stayed up late and played video games，I 7 good sleep habits.In the 8 world of a college dorm，I kept my room neat and tidy.These 9 were minor，but they gave me a sense of control over my life.I started to feel 10 again.I improved my 11 habits and managed to earn straight A’s.I made it a habit to lift weights，and my body 12 from a featherweight 170 to a strong 200 pounds. Changes that seem small at first will contribute to 13 results if you stick with them for years.My sleep habits，study habits，and strength-training habits 14 .Six years after the 15 ，I was named to the Academic All-America Team. 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在受伤后经历了从意志消沉到决心改变的心理过程，并得到了很好的结果。 1．A.positively B．slightly C．mercifully D．hopefully 答案　C 解析　幸运的是，作者在医院住了几个星期后，带着骨折的鼻子回到了家。mercifully幸运地。故选C。 2．A.tough B．secure C．peaceful D．easy 答案　A 解析　由下文“It felt like everything was on pause.”可知，作者出院后在家养伤的日子是难熬的。故选A。 3．A.suspicious B．eager C．aware D．resistant 答案　C 解析　根据下文“that my return to baseball was not smooth”可知，作者痛苦地意识到自己不能顺利重返棒球场。故选C。 4．A.hesitated B．determined C．afforded D．failed 答案　B 解析　根据下文“not to let my injury get me down”可知，作者决定改变自我怀疑、意志消沉的状态。故选B。 5．A.admirable B．available C．suitable D．responsible 答案　D 解析　如果情况将要好转，作者认为自己是那个有责任让它发生的人。故选D。 6．A.agreed on B．focused on C．ended up D．drew on 答案　B 解析　上文提到作者决定改变，所以作者上大学后专心使自己的大学生活井然有序。故选B。 7．A.broke B．quit C．built D．rid 答案　C 解析　根据“While”表示对比可知，此处指作者养成了良好的睡眠习惯。故选C。 8．A.harmonious B．noisy C．tolerant D．messy 答案　D 解析　上一句作者就睡眠问题和同龄人对比；这一句应该也是对比，指作者在脏乱的宿舍里保持自己的空间整洁。故选D。 9．A.improvements B．contributions C．additions D．arguments 答案　A 解析　上文讲作者养成好的睡眠习惯，保持自己的房间整洁，这样是在进步。improvement与第五空前的improve呼应。故选A。 10．A.discontent B．confident C．relaxed D．depressed 答案　B 解析　根据上文“but they gave me a sense of control over my life”可知，作者重新开始变得自信起来。故选B。 11．A.study B．exercise C．food D．sleep 答案　A 解析　根据下文“managed to earn straight A’s”可知，作者改进了自己的学习习惯。故选A。 12．A.ranged B．prevented C．transformed D．protected 答案　C 解析　作者开始坚持举重后，体重从170磅变化到200磅。故选C。 13．A.disappointing B．ordinary C．contradictory D．remarkable 答案　D 解析　句意：如果你坚持多年，一开始看起来很小的改变将会带来非凡的效果。remarkable意为“非凡的，卓越的，不容小觑的”，与small对应，符合语境。故选D。 14．A.took off B．paid off C．caught up D．sped up 答案　B 解析　根据下文“I was named to the Academic All-America Team”可知，作者的好习惯取得了成效，付出终有回报。pay off意为“得到回报”，符合语境。故选B。 15．A.injury B．victim C．threat D．disability 答案　A 解析　文章一开始从受伤说起，叙述了作者受伤后从消沉到崛起的心路历程，此处指作者受伤六年后终于取得的成果。故选A。 Ⅵ.语法填空 People in New York could always see an ordinary-looking man 1. (ride) a bicycle with a 2. (relative) cheap camera around the streets.He was Bill Cunningham，3. was one of the most important American photographers of the last 50 years.He found 4. (inspire) where others could not，in simple，everyday scenes.These things were real and 5. was within their reality that he saw both beauty and potential.He thought that fashion belonged to the people，not just to high society and big 6. (brand)． Cunningham hardly ever took a day off and not once stayed home sick.This devotion and hard work is 7. makes his photos so special. Although he was world-famous，his approach to life was 8. (complicated)．He valued his integrity and would not 9. (buy) by anyone.This lack of self-interest and promotion kept him focused on his craft，enabling him 10. (capture) New York’s unique street style.His passion for photography lasted until he passed away. Bill Cunningham was an observer，and not one of the observed，a worker not a star.This was how he wanted it. 1．答案　riding 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，根据句意，表示正在进行的动作应用现在分词，故填riding。 2．答案　relatively 解析　考查副词。修饰形容词cheap应用副词作状语。故填relatively。 3．答案　who 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Bill Cunningham，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。 4．答案　inspiration 解析　考查名词。分析句子可知，空格处是宾语，应用名词形式，表示“灵感”，不可数，故填inspiration。 5．答案　it 解析　考查代词。分析句子可知，and后的分句是强调句型“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分”，完整的句子是“he saw both beauty and potential within their reality”，被强调部分是within their reality。故填it。 6．答案　brands 解析　考查名词复数。形容词修饰名词，空处与“high society”并列作介词to的宾语，brand“品牌”是可数名词，根据句意，应用复数，故填brands。 7．答案　what 解析　考查表语从句。分析句子可知，is是系动词，空处引导表语从句，从句缺少主语，表示“……的(东西)”，用连接词what。故填what。 8．答案　uncomplicated 解析　考查形容词。Although引导让步状语从句，前后文是转折关系，故此处表示“他的生活方式并不复杂”，was是系动词，后接形容词作表语，故填uncomplicated。 9．答案　be bought 解析　考查时态及语态。分析句子可知，buy是谓语动词，空前的would not说明时态为过去将来时，buy(收买)与主语He之间是被动关系，故用过去将来时的被动语态(would be done)，故填be bought。 10．答案　to capture 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，此处为固定搭配enable sb to do sth“让某人能够做某事”，应用不定式作宾语补足语，故填to capture。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$