Unit 2 Period 2 Reading and Thinking—Language Points-【步步高】2023-2024学年高二英语选择性必修第三册（人教版2019）

Period 2　Reading and Thinking—Language Points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Nobody is fond of Tom，who always abuses(辱骂) his classmates. 2．The new airport has facilitated the further expansion of the city’s tourism. 3．Jack has often been criticised for an extremely pessimistic(悲观的) view of life. 4．To keep physically healthy，I will go upstairs on foot rather than by escalator. 5．I decided on deleting(删除) fifty words from my original report. 6．I was capable of dominating the whole event that emerged accidentally. 7．Positive and negative experiences may have a permanent effect on a child’s character. 8．Once my parents find my bad behaviour，I will be disciplined(管教) straight away. 9．I was composing my article when my little brother emerged from behind the door. 10．The specialist shaves his beard on a daily basis. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．It is rewarding to try new things.You will be rewarded for innovation(创新)．(reward) 2．You can rely on John to help you out，because he is a reliable person.(rely) 3．Only after the maths examination did our maths teacher go to hospital to have his stomach examined.(examine) 4．The directors were unwilling to respond to these questions.As a consequence，they made no response at all.(respond) 5．According to the psychologist，the tense disease of test is a common psychological problem among students.(psychology) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．You are not careful enough while (you are) crossing a busy street. 在横穿繁忙街道的时候，你再怎么小心也不为过。 2．It’s an appointment made twenty years ago. 这是二十年前定下的一个约定。 3．To strengthen the family bonds is the aim of reunion. 加强家庭关系是团聚的目的。 in response to 回答；答复；对……作出反应(response n．回答；答复；反应 respond vi.回答；答复；作出反应) respond to回答；答复；对……作出反应 (1)I do believe that we students will definitely respond to the appeal to use shared bikes straight away.(应用文写作之倡议书) (2)I’m writing to have a brief introduction to Beijing Opera in response to your request. 为回应你的请求，我写信简要介绍一下京剧。(话题写作之传统文化) reward n．回报；奖励；报酬 vt.奖励；奖赏；给以报酬(rewarding adj.有益的；值得做的) •give/offer a reward to sb for (doing) sth为(做)某事而给某人报酬 in reward (for)作为(对……的)回报/奖赏 •reward sb with sth for (doing) sth为(做)某事用某物奖赏/酬谢某人 (1)I will reward you with free entry to the exhibition for your generosity and selflessness. (2)The old Silk Road is worthy of a visit，which will be an interesting and rewarding(reward) experience. (3)I promise to give a reward to you for helping me care for my pet dog while I am travelling. (4)I would like to invite you to the science museum in reward for your timely and generous help during my stay in Beijing. 我想邀请你去科学博物馆，以报答我在北京期间你及时而慷慨的帮助。(应用文写作之邀请信) rely on/upon 依赖；依靠；信赖(reliable adj.可信赖的；可依靠的) rely on/upon sb to do sth依靠/指望某人做某事 rely on/upon it that...指望…… (1)Many people now would rely on surfing(surf) the Internet rather than read newspapers for news. (2)Not only is our monitor reliable(rely) but he is also hard-working，so I strongly recommend him to be your teaching assistant.(应用文写作之推荐信) (3)我们指望您能为我们提供一些关于如何提高我们的英语口语的科学建议，所以请接受我们诚挚的邀请。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作) →We rely on you to offer us some scientific suggestions on how to improve our spoken English，so please accept our sincere invitation.(rely on sb to do sth) →We rely on it that you can offer us some scientific suggestions on how to improve our spoken English，so please accept our sincere invitation.(rely on it that...) straight away 立即；马上 “立即，马上”的其他表达： right away；right now；at once；in no time；immediately；in an instant＝instantly (1)When she entered the dark room，fear dominated her straight away and chill ran down her back. (2)Whenever you are in trouble，I guarantee that I will go to your assistance at once. (3)Instantly(instant)，he took off his coat，jumped into the water and struggled to swim towards that drowning girl.(读后续写之动作链描写) (4)I adapted to the new surroundings and everything returned to normal in no time. pessimistic adj.悲观的；悲观主义的(pessimism n．悲观，悲观情绪 optimistic adj.乐观的 optimism n．乐观；乐观主义) •be pessimistic about对……悲观 •be optimistic about对……乐观 (1)Fortunately，optimism(optimistic) and hope rose in my deep heart once again and a broad smile emerged on my face. (2)Learning that you are pessimistic about your studies，I am writing to supply you with some tips straight away.Keep in mind that it is normal to come across difficulties in senior high，so you should hold an optimistic attitude to your campus life.Only if you are optimistic about everything can you study more efficiently.I sincerely hope that you can get rid of pessimism by following the above proposals. 得知你对自己的学习很悲观，我写信是想马上给你提供一些建议。请记住，在高中遇到困难是正常的，所以你应该对你的校园生活持乐观的态度。只有你对一切都乐观，你才能更有效地学习。我真诚地希望你能通过以上建议摆脱悲观情绪。(应用文写作之建议信) after all 毕竟；终究 all in all总而言之 in all总共；共计 at all根本；全然(常用于否定句、疑问句、条件句中加强语气) above all首先；最重要的是 first of all首先 (1)I wonder if you could tell me how many classes there are in all per week.(应用文写作之询问信) (2)After all，it is not unusual for many Senior Three students to feel stressed out before important exams.So you don’t need to worry at all.First of all/Above all，it would be a good idea if you could share your feelings with your friends or teachers.Furthermore，try not to be pessimistic about life and study.All in all，follow the above suggestions and you will find it easy to change your current terrible situation. 毕竟，许多高三学生在重要考试前感到焦虑不安是很正常的。所以你完全不用担心。首先，如果你能和你的朋友或老师分享你的感受，这将是一个好主意。此外，尽量不要对生活和学习悲观。总之，遵循上面的建议，你会发现改变你目前糟糕的状况很容易。(应用文写作之建议信) decide on 决定；选定(decision n．决定) •decide to do sth决定做某事 •make a decision作出决定 arrive at/come to/reach a decision作出决定 (1)No matter what you make up your mind to learn，I strongly propose that you should decide on a proper plan before you take action. (2)Considering senior high students are worn out，the Students’ Association has decided/has made a decision/has arrived at a decision to climb a nearby hill to enhance their spirits. 考虑到高中生们都很疲惫，学生会决定去爬附近的一座山来振奋精神。(应用文写作之活动安排) 过去分词短语作定语 教材原句　There is a famous saying based on the philosophy of Aristotle：“We are what we repeatedly do.”有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言：“我们反复做的事情造就了我们。”(P14) •本句中的based on the philosophy of Aristotle为过去分词短语作定语，修饰saying，相当于定语从句which/that is based on the philosophy of Aristotle。 •过去分词(短语)作定语，与被修饰词之间为被动关系。单个的过去分词作定语常置于其所修饰的名词之前；过去分词短语作定语一般置于其所修饰的名词之后。 (1)I would like to live in an environment surrounded(surround) by green trees，where I can refresh myself after a day’s work. (2)With a concerned/worried look on my face，I trotted in the forest，searching for discouraged David. 我一脸担心，在森林里小跑着，寻找灰心丧气的大卫。(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写) (3)I am one of the few students selected to study abroad in senior high school，so I am greatly convinced that I am equal to the job advertised on your website. 我是为数不多的高中时被选中出国留学的学生之一，所以我非常确信我能胜任你们网站上刊登的工作。(应用文写作之申请信) (4)The newspaper Youth contains articles that were written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries.(用过去分词短语作定语改写)(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作) →The newspaper Youth contains articles written by foreign friends about the cultures of their home countries. Ⅰ.一词多义 abuse A.vt.虐待　B.vt.滥用　C.n.滥用　D.vt.辱骂 1．He abused alcohol and tobacco，so he was physically unhealthy. B 2. Mary has a difficult life and is often abused by her stepmother. A 3. His parents often criticize and abuse him with sharp words. D 4．To our shock，the person of high rank suffered a lot from drug abuse. C Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．After the event，a number of officials were disciplined for abusing their power.处罚 2．The percentage of false negatives generated by the cancer test is of great concern.阴性 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．I tried to comfort the little girl dominated(dominate) by extreme fright. 2．You can rely on him to offer(offer) you some advice on how to get rid of alcohol. 3．After a competitive examination(examine)，I finally got the chance to serve as a volunteer at the exhibition. 4．If treated straight away，the escalator can function well once again. 5．I guarantee that you can keep physically(physical) healthy by taking regular exercise. 6．To my anger，my client repeatedly(repeat) made the same mistake. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．The moment the sculptor arrived home，he responded to his wife’s letter as quickly as possible. 2．I have decided on how to convey my apology to my parents. 3．He told lies to me over and over again and I was in particular annoyed. 4．The contemporary novelist got involved in the activity held in the museum yesterday. 5．Aside from fine art，I also like playing the piano in my spare time. Ⅲ.完成句子(话题写作之健康生活方式) 1．我们应该有一个均衡的饮食是很重要的，因为我们需要足够的营养来长得又高又壮。 It’s important that we should have a balanced diet because we need adequate nutrition to grow tall and strong. 2．如果经常锻炼，我们一定能保持健康，释放沉重的压力。 If taking exercise regularly，we can definitely keep fit and release heavy pressure. 3．我们应该对我们的生活有积极的态度，不应该对我们的生活悲观。 We should develop a positive attitude to our life and never should we be pessimistic about our life. 4．总之，只有通过结合适当的饮食、定期锻炼和乐观的态度，我们才能获得健康的生活。 All in all，only by combining proper diet，regular exercise and an optimistic attitude can we be rewarded with a healthy life. Ⅳ.阅读理解 When it comes to making healthy lifestyle changes，which should come first—changing your diet or becoming more physically active? Previous studies suggested that providing people with too much information about nutrition and physical activity at once tends(趋向) to be discouraging.That has led to the popularity of advising people to make changes gradually，and set smaller goals. So the scientists divided 200 inactive participants who were 45 or older into four groups.One group was instructed in making diet and fitness changes at the same time; the second group was taught about diet changes first，and then fitness changes four months later; the third group changed their exercise habits first and made changes in their eating habits four months later; and the final，control group was not instructed in either diet or fitness changes but in how to manage their stress. The researchers followed the groups for a full year.Compared to the control group，the three intervention(干预) groups made healthy changes in their diet.Those who changed their fitness habits first significantly increased the amount of exercise they received daily compared to the other groups after four months.However，at the end of the year，the group that changed both diet and exercise at the same time was the only one that met the nationally recommended targets for both exercise and nutrition levels，while those who worked on improving their nutrition first were unable to meet the recommended levels of fitness after a year.The researchers suspect that changes to diet are easier to make than changes to physical activity. The findings show，however，that pairing diet and exercise changes may help to overcome some of the barriers people face in adding more physical activity into their lives.If folks change diet and exercise orderly，the scientists say，they may end up placing more importance on the first set of behavior changes and feel less pressured to address the second set. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。要想健康生活，是先改变饮食习惯还是先改变运动习惯呢？研究发现，两者同时进行效果最佳。 1．How is paragraph 3 developed? A．By giving examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By analyzing causes. D．By making classifications. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段“...One group...the second group...the third group...and the final，control group...”可知，科学家将200名参与者分成四组，本段分别介绍了这四组的不同情况，由此判断出本段主要是通过分类的形式来进行阐述的，故选D。 2．Which group was the most physically active after four months? A．The first group. B．The second group. C．The third group. D．The control group. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第四段中第三句并结合第三段中对四个组的描述可知，四个月后，第三组即先改变运动习惯的参与者的日常运动量显著加大，变得最活跃。故选C。 3．What might the scientists approve of? A．Changing eating habits first may be reasonable. B．Diet and exercise changes should be made orderly. C．Diet and exercise changes are equally hard to make. D．Diet and exercise should be processed at the same time. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，饮食和锻炼应同时改变才会有更好的效果，由此推知科学家们会赞同两者同时进行。故选D。 4．Which of the following is probably the title of the passage? A．Change Your Habits for Better Health B．Ways to Lead a Healthy and Balanced Life C．Making Healthy Lifestyle Changes Really Counts D．Timing Matters in Making Diet and Exercise Changes 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。本文第一段提出“要想健康生活，是先改变饮食还是先更加积极地运动”这一问题，后文介绍了一项相关的实验，结果表明，饮食和锻炼同时进行改变效果最佳。故D项“改变饮食和锻炼的时间很重要”适合作本文标题。故选D。 Ⅴ.完形填空 (2023·江苏连云港高二期末) On the final day of my second year of high school，I was hit in the face with a baseball bat.After weeks in hospital， 1 ，I returned home with a broken nose.The following months were 2 .It felt like everything was on pause.And I became painfully 3 that my return to baseball was not smooth. After a year of self-doubt，I 4 not to let my injury get me down.If things were going to improve，I knew I was the one 5 for making it happen. When I began college，I 6 getting my life in order.While my peers stayed up late and played video games，I 7 good sleep habits.In the 8 world of a college dorm，I kept my room neat and tidy.These 9 were minor，but they gave me a sense of control over my life.I started to feel 10 again.I improved my 11 habits and managed to earn straight A’s.I made it a habit to lift weights，and my body 12 from a featherweight 170 to a strong 200 pounds. Changes that seem small at first will contribute to 13 results if you stick with them for years.My sleep habits，study habits，and strength-training habits 14 .Six years after the 15 ，I was named to the Academic All-America Team. 语篇解读　这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在受伤后经历了从意志消沉到决心改变的心理过程，并得到了很好的结果。 1．A.positively B．slightly C．mercifully D．hopefully 答案　C 解析　幸运的是，作者在医院住了几个星期后，带着骨折的鼻子回到了家。mercifully幸运地。故选C。 2．A.tough B．secure C．peaceful D．easy 答案　A 解析　由下文“It felt like everything was on pause.”可知，作者出院后在家养伤的日子是难熬的。故选A。 3．A.suspicious B．eager C．aware D．resistant 答案　C 解析　根据下文“that my return to baseball was not smooth”可知，作者痛苦地意识到自己不能顺利重返棒球场。故选C。 4．A.hesitated B．determined C．afforded D．failed 答案　B 解析　根据下文“not to let my injury get me down”可知，作者决定改变自我怀疑、意志消沉的状态。故选B。 5．A.admirable B．available C．suitable D．responsible 答案　D 解析　如果情况将要好转，作者认为自己是那个有责任让它发生的人。故选D。 6．A.agreed on B．focused on C．ended up D．drew on 答案　B 解析　上文提到作者决定改变，所以作者上大学后专心使自己的大学生活井然有序。故选B。 7．A.broke B．quit C．built D．rid 答案　C 解析　根据“While”表示对比可知，此处指作者养成了良好的睡眠习惯。故选C。 8．A.harmonious B．noisy C．tolerant D．messy 答案　D 解析　上一句作者就睡眠问题和同龄人对比；这一句应该也是对比，指作者在脏乱的宿舍里保持自己的空间整洁。故选D。 9．A.improvements B．contributions C．additions D．arguments 答案　A 解析　上文讲作者养成好的睡眠习惯，保持自己的房间整洁，这样是在进步。improvement与第五空前的improve呼应。故选A。 10．A.discontent B．confident C．relaxed D．depressed 答案　B 解析　根据上文“but they gave me a sense of control over my life”可知，作者重新开始变得自信起来。故选B。 11．A.study B．exercise C．food D．sleep 答案　A 解析　根据下文“managed to earn straight A’s”可知，作者改进了自己的学习习惯。故选A。 12．A.ranged B．prevented C．transformed D．protected 答案　C 解析　作者开始坚持举重后，体重从170磅变化到200磅。故选C。 13．A.disappointing B．ordinary C．contradictory D．remarkable 答案　D 解析　句意：如果你坚持多年，一开始看起来很小的改变将会带来非凡的效果。remarkable意为“非凡的，卓越的，不容小觑的”，与small对应，符合语境。故选D。 14．A.took off B．paid off C．caught up D．sped up 答案　B 解析　根据下文“I was named to the Academic All-America Team”可知，作者的好习惯取得了成效，付出终有回报。pay off意为“得到回报”，符合语境。故选B。 15．A.injury B．victim C．threat D．disability 答案　A 解析　文章一开始从受伤说起，叙述了作者受伤后从消沉到崛起的心路历程，此处指作者受伤六年后终于取得的成果。故选A。 Ⅵ.语法填空 There has been a recent trend in the food service industry toward lower fat content and less salt.This trend 1. (start) by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease has had some unintended side 2. (effect) such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the medical community was trying to fight. Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet.They are required 3. (process) the food that we eat，to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.When fat and salt 4.___________(remove) from food，the food tastes as if it is missing something.As 5.__________ result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.Even 6.______(bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.Fast food 7. (be) full of fat and salt；by 8. (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat 9. they need in their diet. Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack(吃点心) between meals and will improve the taste of your food.However，be careful not to go to extremes.Like anything，it is possible to have too much of both,10. is not good for the health. 1．答案　started 解析　考查非谓语动词。此处 (start) by the medical community(医学界) as a method of fighting heart disease作后置定语修饰名词trend，trend与start是被动关系，故用started。 2．答案　effects 解析　考查名词的复数。side effect意为“副作用”，由前面的“some”和下文中的两个例子“overweight and heart disease”可知，名词effect应用复数形式effects。 3．答案　to process 解析　考查非谓语动词。require sth to do sth需要某物做某事，此处用了其被动语态结构，所以填动词不定式to process作主语补足语。 4．答案　are removed 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据语境可知此处用一般现在时；由于主语fat and salt与remove是被动关系，所以用被动语态；主语是复数，故填are removed。 5．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。as a result意为“结果”，是固定搭配。 6．答案　worse 解析　考查副词的比较级。根据Even可知，此处表示程度的加深，所以用比较级形式。even worse意为“更糟的是”。 7．答案　is 解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据上下文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语Fast food是不可数名词短语，故填be的第三人称单数形式is。 8．答案　eating 解析　考查非谓语动词。表示方式的介词by之后接动名词作宾语。 9．答案　than 解析　考查介词。根据此处的比较级more salt and fat可知，此处应用介词than。 10．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代上文的句子，故填which。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$