Unit 5 Launching Your Career【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记·巧练（人教版2019选择性必修四册）

Unit 5 Launching Your Career【速记清单】（原卷版） 2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记·巧练（人教版2019选择性必修四册） 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1. debt [ det ] n. 【paraphrase】 n.1. the state of owing something (especially money)  2. money or goods or services owed by one person to another 3. an obligation to pay or do something n. 债, 债务, 欠他人的东西 【formation】  复数: debts 【多元例句】 例1: Help and advise people in serious debt.                         --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P50 例2: Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.    例3: Most people, given more money, only get into more debt. 大多数人，给了更多的钱，只会陷入更多的债务 -- Poor Dad. Rich Dad《富爸爸穷爸爸》                                例4: You have saved my life: I have a pleasure in owing you so immense a debt. 你救了我的命，我很高兴欠了你这么大的人情。                                              --- Jane Eyre《简·爱》              例5: As well as saturation, the other danger is debt. 除了饱和，另一个危险是债务。   --- The Economist《经济学人》 2. accountant [ ə'kauntənt ] n. account [əˈkaʊnt] n.&vt.&vi. 【paraphrase】n. 1. an arrangement that sb has with a bank 2. a written record of money that is owed to a business and of money that has been paid by it 3. a written or spoken description of sth that has happened 4. an explanation or a description of an idea，a theory or a process vt. consider or regard in a specified way vi. 1. furnish a justifying analysis or explanation 2. be the sole or primary factor in the existence, acquisition, supply, or disposal of something n. 账户；解释；账目，账单；理由；描述 vt. 认为；把…视为 vi. 解释；导致 【formation】 名词：accountant 会计  复数：accounts 第三人称单数：accounts 现在分词：accounting 过去式 accounted 过去分词 accounted 【多元例句】 例1: The plastic on Henderson Island accounts for just 2 seconds' worth of global annual plastic production.  --- 教材原句 选必四 Workbook  P80 例2: Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.                 例3:The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. 即使在科学家考虑了参与者的整体健康状况后，结果仍然成立。   例4: “I assure you,” returned Mr. Stryver, in the friendliest way, “that I am sorry for it on your account, and sorry for it on the poor father's account.”  “我向你保证，”斯特莱佛先生以最友好的态度回答道，“我为你感到难过，也为那可怜的父亲感到难过。”                --- A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》               例5：Poor Sorrow's fight against the world and wickedness was a short one， fortunately perhaps，taking into account his situation．可怜的“悲哀”只对这个世界和邪恶做了一次小小的抗争，考虑到他的处境，也许他这样是幸运的。 --- Tess《苔丝》 3. attend 【ə'tend 】vt.&vi. 【paraphrase】v. 1. be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. 2. take charge of or deal with 3. to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result vt. 出席；上（大学等）；照料；招待；陪伴 vi. 出席；致力于；照料；照顾 【formation】 第三人称单数 attends 现在分词 attending 过去式 attended 过去分词 attended 名词：attendant 服务员，侍者；随员，陪从 attendance 出席；到场；出席人数 【多元例句】 例1: We are building a team of keen young people to help us attend to hundreds of students from all over the world.  --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P55 例2: After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.  高中毕业后，詹妮弗上了一所当地的技术学院，靠打工来支付学费，因为没有多余的钱供她上大学。                   例3: The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. 本次展览的参观人数创下了历史新高，这表明人们对中国的影响力有着巨大的兴趣。  例4: He paid Wickham several thousand pounds，for past debts and future expenses，and attended the wedding to make a final payment． 他付给韦翰几千英镑，用以偿还过去的债务和将来的开支，并参加了婚礼，作为最后一笔款子。   --- Pride And prejudice《傲慢与偏见》               例5: “I've tried the roots of trees, and I've tried banks, and I've tried hedges,” the Pigeon went on, without attending to her; “but those serpents! There's no pleasing them!”   “我试了树根，试了河岸，还试了篱笆，”鸽子继续说着，并不注意她，“可是这些蛇！没法子让它们高兴！”   --- Alice in the wonderland《爱丽丝梦游仙境》  例6: In addition, some governments have set limits for attending weddings and funerals.  此外，一些政府还对参加婚礼和葬礼设置了限制。  4. priority [ prai'ɔrəti ] n. 【paraphrase】n. 1. status established in order of importance or urgency 2. preceding in time n. 优先；优先权；[数] 优先次序；优先考虑的事 【formation】 复数  priorities 【多元例句】 例1: I have been captain of my school table tennis team for two years, so I know how to lead and decide on priorities.      --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P56 例2: From my personal note,music is my priority. 就我个人而言，音乐是我的首选。               例3: Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. 现在旅行的重点从购物转移到享用食物和欣赏风景。    例4: Told me I'd got my priorities wrong.  告诉我说分清事情的轻重。 ---Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban 3《哈利·波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》             例5: As Yunnan still faces geological challenges in improving residents' lives, boosting the local economy is also important, together with the priority task of wildlife protection.  由于云南仍面临着改善居民生活的地质挑战，促进当地经济发展也很重要，野生动物保护是首要任务。 --- China Daily 5. finance [ fai'næns ] v.&n. 【paraphrase】n. 1. the commercial activity of providing funds and capital 2. the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets 3. the management of money and credit and banking and investments v.: 1. obtain or provide money for 2. sell or provide on credit n. 财政，财政学；金融 vt. 负担经费，供给…经费 vi. 筹措资金 【formation】 复数 finances 第三人称单数 finances 现在分词 financing 过去式 financed 过去分词 financed形容词financial 金融的；财政的，财务的   副词financially 财政上；金融上 【多元例句】 例1: Helped manage tour finances and receipts.       --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P57 例2: That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.  这部电影让他进入了职业生涯的后半段，他的喜剧表现就足以让一部电影获得经济上的成功，即使电影评论家不会给它很高的评价。                                                             例3: The rich put their money into a corporation to finance the voyage.  富人把他们的钱投资到一家公司来资助这次航行。                ---Poor Dad. Rich Dad《富爸爸穷爸爸》 例4: Since then, much of Chinese investment in Indonesia's energy sector has extended from finance and construction to power generation. 自那以后，中国在印尼能源领域的大量投资已从金融和建筑扩展到发电领域。   ---China Daily 6. employer [ im'plɔiə ]n.     employ [ im'plɔi ]vt.&n. 【paraphrase】vt. 1. put into service;make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose 2. engage or hire for work n.: the state of being employed or having a job vt. 使用，采用；雇用；使忙于，使从事于 n. 使用；雇用 【formation】 形容词：employable 适宜雇用的；有资格任职的     名词：employee 雇员；从业员工 employment 使用；职业；雇用  employer 雇主，老板 【多元例句】 例1: If you were the employer, would you hire your partner? If not, why?     --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P57 例2: My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.  我的纳税工作生涯始于中学时期，当时我在一家烘焙厂工作了整整三天。   例3: If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.  如果你是一名生活在该省某些地区的青少年，你可能有资格参加这个项目，它提供了八周的带薪工作和培训。 例4: Mr. Barsad, now in the employ of the republican French government, was former!  巴萨先生现在在法兰西共和国政府工作，他是以前的!  ---A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》      例5: It also calls on schools to promote physical education and exercise, and employ sufficient number of health care personnel as required by national standards.它还呼吁学校促进体育和锻炼，并按照国家标准雇用足够数量的保健人员。    --- China Daily 7. desert [ˈdezət; dɪˈzɜːt] n.& vt. &adj. 【paraphrase】 n. :arid land with little or no vegetation vt.: 1. leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch 2. desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army adj.: located in a dismal or remote area; desolate n. 沙漠，荒原； v. 遗弃；舍弃，离弃（某地方） adj. 沙漠的；荒凉的；被抛弃的 【formation】  第三人称单数 deserts  现在分词 deserting过去式 deserted 过去分词 deserted 复数 deserts 形容词 deserted 荒芜的；被遗弃的 【多元例句】 例1: In order to turn the desert into green land that is able to produce crops, Dr Zhang designed a 50 km canal.  -- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P58 例2: Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks.            例3: I won't desert you. I believe that you're a good boy, not a common thief.  我不会抛弃你的。我相信你是个好孩子，不是个下贱的小偷。   --- Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》 例4: Scarlett looked at them uncertainly, some of her courage deserting her.思嘉心怀疑惧地看着他们，原先的勇气有点动摇了。        --- Gone With The Wind《飘》       例5:The Beijing-Xinjiang Expressway stretches through the desert in Gansu province. 京-疆高速公路穿过甘肃省的沙漠。                                                             ---China Daily 8. acquire [ ə'kwaiə ] vt. 【paraphrase】vt. 1. come into the possession of something concrete or abstract 2. come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) 3. win something through one's efforts 4. gain knowledge or skills 5. gain through experience vt. 获得；取得；学到；捕获；养成 【formation】  第三人称单数 acquires 现在分词 acquiring 过去式 acquired 过去分词 acquired 形容词：acquired [医] 后天的；已获得的  名词：acquirement 取得；学得；才能 【多元例句】 例1: Remember, the knowledge you acquire and the diligent attitude you develop in high school will be invaluable in the real world.   ---教材原句 选必四Unit5  P58 例2: Network learning has increasingly become an important means for people to acquire  knowledge and solve problems.           例3: It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 例4: Rich people acquire assets. The poor and middle class acquire liabilities, but they think they are assets. 富人获得资产。穷人和中产阶级拥有负债，但他们认为这是资产。 ---Poor Dad. Rich Dad《富爸爸穷爸爸》 例5: Parents' support for their kids in sports is the most important factor in whether a youngster will acquire some real skills or even become a professional athlete. 父母在体育方面对孩子的支持是决定孩子是否能获得一些真正的技能甚至成为职业运动员的最重要因素。 ---China Daily 考点句型 1. 名词短语可引导时间状语从句 The first time I observed the process of water being split into oxygen and hydrogen, I was deeply attracted by the charm of chemistry.(P52) 第一次观察到水被分解成氧和氢的过程,我深深地被化学的魅力所吸引。 【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。I was deeply attracted...是主句,the first time是名词短语,在此用作连词,引导的是时间状语从句。 Ø I remember the first time I danced on the stage.I was very nervous. 我还记得自己第一次登台跳舞的时候,我很紧张。 【句式拓展】 下列名词短语可引导时间状语从句 (1)each time/every time每次 Ø Each time he smiled at me, a thread of warmth and friendship flowed into my heart. 每次他向我投以微笑时,他同时也将一丝丝温暖和友情送入我的心房。 Ø Each time he tried, the system cancelled the transaction.每次他尝试下单时,系统就会取消交易。 (2)the last time最后一次；上一次 Ø I well remember the last time they visited us. 我清楚地记得他们最后一次拜访我们的情景。 (3)the next time下次 Ø The next time you make a decision,you’d better ask me first. 下次你做任何决定时最好先问问我。 【练习】 1.每次有人向他讨教成功的秘诀时，他都提到他父亲的话。 _________________________________ about the secret of success, he mentioned his father's words. 2.他们上次是什么时候拿的金牌？ _________________________________the won the gold medal? 3.我第一次见到她时，她在上大学。 She was studying at college __________________________________. 2.虚拟语气 I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.(P50)我真希望当年我能多想想我真正想要做什么。 【句式剖析】I wish是主句,I had thought more about...是wish的宾语从句,what I really wanted to do是about的宾语从句。wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气, 表示一种不可能实现的愿望, 其谓语动词构成形式如下表: 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词一般用were） 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/ could/ might+动词原形 Ø I wish we could migrate from here every winter, as the birds do.（与现在相反） 我希望我们能像鸟那样每个冬天从这里迁徙到别的地方。 Ø We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.（与过去相反） 我们以前要是更注意我们的发音就好了。 Ø I wish that you could give me a definite answer to my application as soon as possible.（与将来相反） 我希望你们能够尽早对我的应聘给一个明确的答复。 Ø I wish that my family would be able to come to my graduation.（与将来相反） 我希望我的家人能来参加我的毕业典礼。 【句式拓展】 教师Every time he was asked for advice 教师When was the last time 教师the first time I saw her 虚拟语气中表示“希望”的其他句型 (1)if型虚拟语气, 如果……, 就…… Ø Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends. 第二, 如果我是你, 我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。 Ø If I were you, I would certainly make good use of the time to improve my performance at school and prepare myself well for the future. 要是我是你, 在学校我肯定会充分利用时间来提高成绩, 为未来做好充分准备。 (2)if only型虚拟语气, 要是……就好了；但愿…… Ø If only I could go back and reset my goals. 要是我能够回到过去重置目标该有多好。 【练习】 单句语法填空 1. I wish that you___________(grasp) this opportunity, which is a means of learning traditional Chinese culture further. 2. I wished that I____________(follow) your advice the other day. 3. I wish I____________(fly) to the moon in a spaceship one day. 完成句子 4.要是你早些时候告诉我该多好啊！ If only you ______________________ that some time ago. 5.我真希望你不把衣服丢得满地都是。 I wish you ________________________all over the floor. 3. there is no point (in) doing sth做某事无意义 Do you agree that there is no point studying something that you like but you are not very good at?(P55) 你同意研究一些你喜欢但不太擅长的东西是没有意义的吗? 【句式剖析】there is no point (in) doing sth做某事无意义,其中的介词in可以省略。 Ø There is no point in pushing them unless they are talented and they enjoy it. 除非他们很有才华而且自己喜欢,否则逼迫他们是没有意义的。 【句式拓展】 (1)there is no need to do sth没有必要做某事 Ø Even if you have found the secret,there is no need to cry it from the housetop. 即使你知道了这个秘密,也没有必要闹得满城风雨。 (2)there is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… Ø There is no doubt that grades have improved and interest in education has revived. 无疑,成绩提高了,上学的兴趣也恢复了。 【练习】 1.既然我们已经完成了工作，再待下去就没有意义了，我们不妨回家。 Now that we have fininshed our work, ____________________________________________; we may as well go home. 2. 这次考试你已经准备好了,完全没必要担心。 You have prepared for this exam so _______________________________________. 3.毫无疑间,如果你有困难的话,大家也会帮助你的。 ______________________________________ you will, be helped by others if you have any difficulties. 单元语法 1、Review of long sentences (长句复习) 无论是多么复杂的长句，它都是由一些基本的成分组成。所以首先要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系。 一般来说，造成长句的原因有三方面： (1) 修饰语多； (2) 并列成分多； (3)语言结构层次多。 在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法： (1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。 (3)分析从句和短语的功能。例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等；若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等。 (4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。 (5)注意插入语等其他成分。 (6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。 下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析： [例1]　Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展，那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。 分析：(1)该句的主语为behaviorists，谓语为suggest，宾语为一个从句，因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest thatclause结构。 (2)该句共有五个谓语结构，它们的谓语动词分别为suggest，is raised，are，develop，experience。这五个谓语结构之间的关系为：Behaviorist suggest thatclause结构为主句；who is raised in an environment为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为child；where there are many stimuli为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为environment；which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为stimuli；在suggest的宾语从句中，主语为child，谓语为experience，宾语为greater intellectual development。在作了如上的分析之后，我们就会对该句有了一个较为透彻的理解。 [例2]　For a family of four，for example，it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home，with almost unlimited entertainment available，than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. 譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣更便宜更方便。 分析：(1)该句的主干结构为it is more... to do sth.than to do sth.else.是一个比较结构，而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。 (2)该句中共有三个谓语结构，它们之间的关系为：it is more convenient as well as cheaper to...为主体结构，但it是形式主语，真正的主语为第二个谓语结构to sit comfortably at home，并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。 (3)句首的for a family of four作状语，表示条件。另外，还有两个介词短语作插入语：for example，with almost unlimited entertainment available，其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语，修饰to sit comfortably at home。 2.状语从句的省略 [教材原句P50] As an adult，one of the first questions you are asked when meeting someone new is，“What do you do？”  作为一个成年人，当你遇到一个不认识的人时，你会被问到的第一批问题之一是：“你是做什么的？” [句式分析] 句中when meeting someone new是一个省略句，补全后为：When you meet someone new。 [例1]　 Work hard when (you are) young，or you'll regret. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 [例2]　While (she was) walking along the river bank，she was singing a pop song. 她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。 [造句]　做作业的时候不要听音乐。 Don't listen to music when (you are) doing your homework. [知识拓展] 当when，while，before，after，unless，as if，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。 ①If you are accepted for the job，you'll be informed soon. ＝If accepted for the job，you'll be informed soon. ②While he was playing with his children outdoors，the father felt very happy. ＝While playing with his children outdoors，the father felt very happy. ③He won't come unless he is invited. ＝He won't come unless invited.  3.现在分词短语作后置定语 [教材原句P50] This，however，is not always easy.Some people know what they want to do from a young age，but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads. 然而，这并不总是那么容易。有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。 [句式分析] 句中bouncing around in their heads为现在分词短语作名词ideas的后置定语。 [例1]　 They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians. 他们在报上登了一则广告，寻求摇滚乐乐师。 [例2]　The building being built is our teaching building. 正在盖的楼房是我们的教学楼。 [造句]　站在窗边的那个人是我们的老师。 The man standing by the window is our teacher. [知识拓展] (1)现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。 (2)单个现在分词作定语，放在所修饰词的前面，而现在分词短语作定语则放在所修饰词的后面。 ①Do you know the man talking to your father? ②Make less noise.There's a sleeping child. ③There is a note on the door saying “On Holiday”. ④The girl waiting to see the famous actor is my classmate. 等着见那位著名演员的女孩是我的同学。 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1.The company wanted to hire someone with experience,someone who knows about real 　　　　　(房地产).  2.Tom looked embarrassed,as if he were a 　　　　　(间谍) whose cover had been blown.  3.I forgot to include my experience as an 　　　　　(会计) in my resume.  4.A 　　　　　(贪婪的) young man in his neighbourhood heard the news and went into the cave himself.  5.We are a minority and must win people round to the 　　　　　(正义) of our cause.  6.He was 　　　　　(指控) of robbing a bank and was sentenced to ten years in prison.  7.China is a 　　　　　(社会主义的) country,and a developing country as well.  8．It is said that the murderer has employed a famous ________ (律师) to defend him. 9．She ________ (使弹起) the ball against the wall. 10．I barely passed algebra and ________ (几何), but here she's head of her class in both. 11．The doctor lapped a bandage around the wounded soldier's ________ (手腕)． 12．He locked these papers up in the bottom ________ (抽屉)． 13．I have not met him yet but I have read his ________ (简介) on the Internet. 14．Everyone came out well in the wedding photograph except the ________ (新郎)． 15．We should use slow fire to ________ (油炸) fish. Ⅱ . 用所给短语的适当形式填空 be based on; be passionate about; focus on; a variety of; agree with 1.We have such a diverse group of readers and authors who 　　　　　　 this project.  2.When Lisa stood before the audience, she felt very uneasy with all the eyes　　　　　　 her.  3.While I understand what you say, I can't 　　　　　　you totally.  4.There are 　　　　　　animals and plants in the world.  5.Your argument 　　　　　　a set of questionable(有问题的) assumptions.  Ⅲ . 单句语法填空 1. The __________(accuse) man was judged guilty in spite of his protest of his innocence. 2. Since the start of the survey in 2003 to its __________ (conclude) in 2016, Ash Center researchers found that Chinese citizen satisfaction has increased to over 90 percent with the central government. 3. The ___________(reception) answered my call and made an appointment with the doctor. 4. He expected the students to study hard, make progress every day, and be well-prepared to join the __________ (social) cause. 5. The monument was __________ (dedicate) to the memory of the national hero. 6. But the custom in our country is different from overseas，we process food mostly by _________(fry). 7. We must cherish experience __________(acquire) at the cost of blood. 8. I think all _________(cage) birds should be set free. 9. All purchases shall ___________(finance) with the proceeds of loan. 7 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 5 Launching Your Career【速记清单】（解析版） 2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记·巧练（人教版2019选择性必修四册） 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1. debt [ det ] n. 【paraphrase】 n.1. the state of owing something (especially money)  2. money or goods or services owed by one person to another 3. an obligation to pay or do something n. 债, 债务, 欠他人的东西 【formation】  复数: debts 【多元例句】 例1: Help and advise people in serious debt.                         --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P50 例2: Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune.    例3: Most people, given more money, only get into more debt. 大多数人，给了更多的钱，只会陷入更多的债务 -- Poor Dad. Rich Dad《富爸爸穷爸爸》                                例4: You have saved my life: I have a pleasure in owing you so immense a debt. 你救了我的命，我很高兴欠了你这么大的人情。                                              --- Jane Eyre《简·爱》              例5: As well as saturation, the other danger is debt. 除了饱和，另一个危险是债务。   --- The Economist《经济学人》 2. accountant [ ə'kauntənt ] n. account [əˈkaʊnt] n.&vt.&vi. 【paraphrase】n. 1. an arrangement that sb has with a bank 2. a written record of money that is owed to a business and of money that has been paid by it 3. a written or spoken description of sth that has happened 4. an explanation or a description of an idea，a theory or a process vt. consider or regard in a specified way vi. 1. furnish a justifying analysis or explanation 2. be the sole or primary factor in the existence, acquisition, supply, or disposal of something n. 账户；解释；账目，账单；理由；描述 vt. 认为；把…视为 vi. 解释；导致 【formation】 名词：accountant 会计  复数：accounts 第三人称单数：accounts 现在分词：accounting 过去式 accounted 过去分词 accounted 【多元例句】 例1: The plastic on Henderson Island accounts for just 2 seconds' worth of global annual plastic production.  --- 教材原句 选必四 Workbook  P80 例2: Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.                 例3:The results held true even after the scientists accounted for the participants’ overall health status. 即使在科学家考虑了参与者的整体健康状况后，结果仍然成立。   例4: “I assure you,” returned Mr. Stryver, in the friendliest way, “that I am sorry for it on your account, and sorry for it on the poor father's account.”  “我向你保证，”斯特莱佛先生以最友好的态度回答道，“我为你感到难过，也为那可怜的父亲感到难过。”                --- A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》               例5：Poor Sorrow's fight against the world and wickedness was a short one， fortunately perhaps，taking into account his situation．可怜的“悲哀”只对这个世界和邪恶做了一次小小的抗争，考虑到他的处境，也许他这样是幸运的。 --- Tess《苔丝》 3. attend 【ə'tend 】vt.&vi. 【paraphrase】v. 1. be present at (meetings, church services, university), etc. 2. take charge of or deal with 3. to accompany as a circumstance or follow as a result vt. 出席；上（大学等）；照料；招待；陪伴 vi. 出席；致力于；照料；照顾 【formation】 第三人称单数 attends 现在分词 attending 过去式 attended 过去分词 attended 名词：attendant 服务员，侍者；随员，陪从 attendance 出席；到场；出席人数 【多元例句】 例1: We are building a team of keen young people to help us attend to hundreds of students from all over the world.  --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P55 例2: After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.  高中毕业后，詹妮弗上了一所当地的技术学院，靠打工来支付学费，因为没有多余的钱供她上大学。                   例3: The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. 本次展览的参观人数创下了历史新高，这表明人们对中国的影响力有着巨大的兴趣。  例4: He paid Wickham several thousand pounds，for past debts and future expenses，and attended the wedding to make a final payment． 他付给韦翰几千英镑，用以偿还过去的债务和将来的开支，并参加了婚礼，作为最后一笔款子。   --- Pride And prejudice《傲慢与偏见》               例5: “I've tried the roots of trees, and I've tried banks, and I've tried hedges,” the Pigeon went on, without attending to her; “but those serpents! There's no pleasing them!”   “我试了树根，试了河岸，还试了篱笆，”鸽子继续说着，并不注意她，“可是这些蛇！没法子让它们高兴！”   --- Alice in the wonderland《爱丽丝梦游仙境》  例6: In addition, some governments have set limits for attending weddings and funerals.  此外，一些政府还对参加婚礼和葬礼设置了限制。  4. priority [ prai'ɔrəti ] n. 【paraphrase】n. 1. status established in order of importance or urgency 2. preceding in time n. 优先；优先权；[数] 优先次序；优先考虑的事 【formation】 复数  priorities 【多元例句】 例1: I have been captain of my school table tennis team for two years, so I know how to lead and decide on priorities.      --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P56 例2: From my personal note,music is my priority. 就我个人而言，音乐是我的首选。               例3: Nowadays the priority for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery. 现在旅行的重点从购物转移到享用食物和欣赏风景。    例4: Told me I'd got my priorities wrong.  告诉我说分清事情的轻重。 ---Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban 3《哈利·波特与阿兹卡班的囚徒》             例5: As Yunnan still faces geological challenges in improving residents' lives, boosting the local economy is also important, together with the priority task of wildlife protection.  由于云南仍面临着改善居民生活的地质挑战，促进当地经济发展也很重要，野生动物保护是首要任务。 --- China Daily 5. finance [ fai'næns ] v.&n. 【paraphrase】n. 1. the commercial activity of providing funds and capital 2. the branch of economics that studies the management of money and other assets 3. the management of money and credit and banking and investments v.: 1. obtain or provide money for 2. sell or provide on credit n. 财政，财政学；金融 vt. 负担经费，供给…经费 vi. 筹措资金 【formation】 复数 finances 第三人称单数 finances 现在分词 financing 过去式 financed 过去分词 financed形容词financial 金融的；财政的，财务的   副词financially 财政上；金融上 【多元例句】 例1: Helped manage tour finances and receipts.       --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P57 例2: That movie led him into the second half of his career where his comedic presence alone could make a movie a financial success even when movie reviewers would not rate it highly.  这部电影让他进入了职业生涯的后半段，他的喜剧表现就足以让一部电影获得经济上的成功，即使电影评论家不会给它很高的评价。                                                             例3: The rich put their money into a corporation to finance the voyage.  富人把他们的钱投资到一家公司来资助这次航行。                ---Poor Dad. Rich Dad《富爸爸穷爸爸》 例4: Since then, much of Chinese investment in Indonesia's energy sector has extended from finance and construction to power generation. 自那以后，中国在印尼能源领域的大量投资已从金融和建筑扩展到发电领域。   ---China Daily 6. employer [ im'plɔiə ]n.     employ [ im'plɔi ]vt.&n. 【paraphrase】vt. 1. put into service;make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose 2. engage or hire for work n.: the state of being employed or having a job vt. 使用，采用；雇用；使忙于，使从事于 n. 使用；雇用 【formation】 形容词：employable 适宜雇用的；有资格任职的     名词：employee 雇员；从业员工 employment 使用；职业；雇用  employer 雇主，老板 【多元例句】 例1: If you were the employer, would you hire your partner? If not, why?     --- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P57 例2: My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.  我的纳税工作生涯始于中学时期，当时我在一家烘焙厂工作了整整三天。   例3: If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.  如果你是一名生活在该省某些地区的青少年，你可能有资格参加这个项目，它提供了八周的带薪工作和培训。 例4: Mr. Barsad, now in the employ of the republican French government, was former!  巴萨先生现在在法兰西共和国政府工作，他是以前的!  ---A Tale of Two Cities《双城记》      例5: It also calls on schools to promote physical education and exercise, and employ sufficient number of health care personnel as required by national standards.它还呼吁学校促进体育和锻炼，并按照国家标准雇用足够数量的保健人员。    --- China Daily 7. desert [ˈdezət; dɪˈzɜːt] n.& vt. &adj. 【paraphrase】 n. :arid land with little or no vegetation vt.: 1. leave someone who needs or counts on you; leave in the lurch 2. desert (a cause, a country or an army), often in order to join the opposing cause, country, or army adj.: located in a dismal or remote area; desolate n. 沙漠，荒原； v. 遗弃；舍弃，离弃（某地方） adj. 沙漠的；荒凉的；被抛弃的 【formation】  第三人称单数 deserts  现在分词 deserting过去式 deserted 过去分词 deserted 复数 deserts 形容词 deserted 荒芜的；被遗弃的 【多元例句】 例1: In order to turn the desert into green land that is able to produce crops, Dr Zhang designed a 50 km canal.  -- 教材原句 选必四 Unit5  P58 例2: Above 4, 000 meters is the highland desert : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks.            例3: I won't desert you. I believe that you're a good boy, not a common thief.  我不会抛弃你的。我相信你是个好孩子，不是个下贱的小偷。   --- Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》 例4: Scarlett looked at them uncertainly, some of her courage deserting her.思嘉心怀疑惧地看着他们，原先的勇气有点动摇了。        --- Gone With The Wind《飘》       例5:The Beijing-Xinjiang Expressway stretches through the desert in Gansu province. 京-疆高速公路穿过甘肃省的沙漠。                                                             ---China Daily 8. acquire [ ə'kwaiə ] vt. 【paraphrase】vt. 1. come into the possession of something concrete or abstract 2. come to have or undergo a change of (physical features and attributes) 3. win something through one's efforts 4. gain knowledge or skills 5. gain through experience vt. 获得；取得；学到；捕获；养成 【formation】  第三人称单数 acquires 现在分词 acquiring 过去式 acquired 过去分词 acquired 形容词：acquired [医] 后天的；已获得的  名词：acquirement 取得；学得；才能 【多元例句】 例1: Remember, the knowledge you acquire and the diligent attitude you develop in high school will be invaluable in the real world.   ---教材原句 选必四Unit5  P58 例2: Network learning has increasingly become an important means for people to acquire  knowledge and solve problems.           例3: It took him a long time to acquire the skills he needed to become a good dancer. 例4: Rich people acquire assets. The poor and middle class acquire liabilities, but they think they are assets. 富人获得资产。穷人和中产阶级拥有负债，但他们认为这是资产。 ---Poor Dad. Rich Dad《富爸爸穷爸爸》 例5: Parents' support for their kids in sports is the most important factor in whether a youngster will acquire some real skills or even become a professional athlete. 父母在体育方面对孩子的支持是决定孩子是否能获得一些真正的技能甚至成为职业运动员的最重要因素。 ---China Daily 考点句型 1. 名词短语可引导时间状语从句 The first time I observed the process of water being split into oxygen and hydrogen, I was deeply attracted by the charm of chemistry.(P52) 第一次观察到水被分解成氧和氢的过程,我深深地被化学的魅力所吸引。 【句式剖析】本句是一个复合句。I was deeply attracted...是主句,the first time是名词短语,在此用作连词,引导的是时间状语从句。 Ø I remember the first time I danced on the stage.I was very nervous. 我还记得自己第一次登台跳舞的时候,我很紧张。 【句式拓展】 下列名词短语可引导时间状语从句 (1)each time/every time每次 Ø Each time he smiled at me, a thread of warmth and friendship flowed into my heart. 每次他向我投以微笑时,他同时也将一丝丝温暖和友情送入我的心房。 Ø Each time he tried, the system cancelled the transaction.每次他尝试下单时,系统就会取消交易。 (2)the last time最后一次；上一次 Ø I well remember the last time they visited us. 我清楚地记得他们最后一次拜访我们的情景。 (3)the next time下次 Ø The next time you make a decision,you’d better ask me first. 下次你做任何决定时最好先问问我。 【练习】 1.每次有人向他讨教成功的秘诀时，他都提到他父亲的话。 _________________________________ about the secret of success, he mentioned his father's words. 2.他们上次是什么时候拿的金牌？ _________________________________the won the gold medal? 3.我第一次见到她时，她在上大学。 She was studying at college __________________________________. Keys: 1. Every time he was asked for advice 2. When was the last time 3. the first time I saw her 2.虚拟语气 I wish I had thought more about what I really wanted to do.(P50)我真希望当年我能多想想我真正想要做什么。 【句式剖析】I wish是主句,I had thought more about...是wish的宾语从句,what I really wanted to do是about的宾语从句。wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气, 表示一种不可能实现的愿望, 其谓语动词构成形式如下表: 虚拟语气 从句谓语动词 与现在事实相反 过去式（be动词一般用were） 与过去事实相反 had+过去分词 与将来事实相反 would/ could/ might+动词原形 Ø I wish we could migrate from here every winter, as the birds do.（与现在相反） 我希望我们能像鸟那样每个冬天从这里迁徙到别的地方。 Ø We wish we had paid more attention to our pronunciation.（与过去相反） 我们以前要是更注意我们的发音就好了。 Ø I wish that you could give me a definite answer to my application as soon as possible.（与将来相反） 我希望你们能够尽早对我的应聘给一个明确的答复。 Ø I wish that my family would be able to come to my graduation.（与将来相反） 我希望我的家人能来参加我的毕业典礼。 【句式拓展】 教师Every time he was asked for advice 教师When was the last time 教师the first time I saw her 虚拟语气中表示“希望”的其他句型 (1)if型虚拟语气, 如果……, 就…… Ø Secondly, if I were you, I would take a walk in the evening with my friends. 第二, 如果我是你, 我会在傍晚和朋友一起散步。 Ø If I were you, I would certainly make good use of the time to improve my performance at school and prepare myself well for the future. 要是我是你, 在学校我肯定会充分利用时间来提高成绩, 为未来做好充分准备。 (2)if only型虚拟语气, 要是……就好了；但愿…… Ø If only I could go back and reset my goals. 要是我能够回到过去重置目标该有多好。 【练习】 单句语法填空 1. I wish that you___________(grasp) this opportunity, which is a means of learning traditional Chinese culture further. 2. I wished that I____________(follow) your advice the other day. 3. I wish I____________(fly) to the moon in a spaceship one day. 完成句子 4.要是你早些时候告诉我该多好啊！ If only you ______________________ that some time ago. 5.我真希望你不把衣服丢得满地都是。 I wish you ________________________all over the floor. Keys: 1. could grasp 2. had followed 3. would/should/could/might fly 4. had told me 5. wouldn’t leave your clothes 3. there is no point (in) doing sth做某事无意义 Do you agree that there is no point studying something that you like but you are not very good at?(P55) 你同意研究一些你喜欢但不太擅长的东西是没有意义的吗? 【句式剖析】there is no point (in) doing sth做某事无意义,其中的介词in可以省略。 Ø There is no point in pushing them unless they are talented and they enjoy it. 除非他们很有才华而且自己喜欢,否则逼迫他们是没有意义的。 【句式拓展】 (1)there is no need to do sth没有必要做某事 Ø Even if you have found the secret,there is no need to cry it from the housetop. 即使你知道了这个秘密,也没有必要闹得满城风雨。 (2)there is no doubt that...毫无疑问…… Ø There is no doubt that grades have improved and interest in education has revived. 无疑,成绩提高了,上学的兴趣也恢复了。 【练习】 1.既然我们已经完成了工作，再待下去就没有意义了，我们不妨回家。 Now that we have fininshed our work, ____________________________________________; we may as well go home. 2. 这次考试你已经准备好了,完全没必要担心。 You have prepared for this exam so _______________________________________. 3.毫无疑间,如果你有困难的话,大家也会帮助你的。 ______________________________________ you will, be helped by others if you have any difficulties. Keys: 1. there is no point (in) staying any longer 2. there is no need to be worried about it 3. There is no doubt that 单元语法 1、Review of long sentences (长句复习) 无论是多么复杂的长句，它都是由一些基本的成分组成。所以首先要弄清英语原文的句法结构，找出整个句子的中心内容及其各层意思，然后分析几层意思之间的相互逻辑关系。 一般来说，造成长句的原因有三方面： (1) 修饰语多； (2) 并列成分多； (3)语言结构层次多。 在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法： (1)找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语，从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2)找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。 (3)分析从句和短语的功能。例如，是否为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等；若是状语，它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等。 (4)分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系。例如，定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个。 (5)注意插入语等其他成分。 (6)注意分析句子中是否有固定词组或固定搭配。 下面我们结合一些实例来进行分析： [例1]　Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义者认为，如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素，这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展，那么，儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平。 分析：(1)该句的主语为behaviorists，谓语为suggest，宾语为一个从句，因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest thatclause结构。 (2)该句共有五个谓语结构，它们的谓语动词分别为suggest，is raised，are，develop，experience。这五个谓语结构之间的关系为：Behaviorist suggest thatclause结构为主句；who is raised in an environment为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为child；where there are many stimuli为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为environment；which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses为定语从句，所修饰的先行词为stimuli；在suggest的宾语从句中，主语为child，谓语为experience，宾语为greater intellectual development。在作了如上的分析之后，我们就会对该句有了一个较为透彻的理解。 [例2]　For a family of four，for example，it is more convenient as well as cheaper to sit comfortably at home，with almost unlimited entertainment available，than to go out in search of amusement elsewhere. 譬如，对于一个四口之家来说，舒舒服服地在家中看电视，就能看到几乎数不清的娱乐节目，这比到外面别的地方去消遣更便宜更方便。 分析：(1)该句的主干结构为it is more... to do sth.than to do sth.else.是一个比较结构，而且是在两个不定式之间进行比较。 (2)该句中共有三个谓语结构，它们之间的关系为：it is more convenient as well as cheaper to...为主体结构，但it是形式主语，真正的主语为第二个谓语结构to sit comfortably at home，并与第三个谓语结构to go out in search of amusement elsewhere作比较。 (3)句首的for a family of four作状语，表示条件。另外，还有两个介词短语作插入语：for example，with almost unlimited entertainment available，其中第二个介词短语作伴随状语，修饰to sit comfortably at home。 2.状语从句的省略 [教材原句P50] As an adult，one of the first questions you are asked when meeting someone new is，“What do you do？”  作为一个成年人，当你遇到一个不认识的人时，你会被问到的第一批问题之一是：“你是做什么的？” [句式分析] 句中when meeting someone new是一个省略句，补全后为：When you meet someone new。 [例1]　 Work hard when (you are) young，or you'll regret. 少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。 [例2]　While (she was) walking along the river bank，she was singing a pop song. 她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。 [造句]　做作业的时候不要听音乐。 Don't listen to music when (you are) doing your homework. [知识拓展] 当when，while，before，after，unless，as if，if等引导的状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it，且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。 ①If you are accepted for the job，you'll be informed soon. ＝If accepted for the job，you'll be informed soon. ②While he was playing with his children outdoors，the father felt very happy. ＝While playing with his children outdoors，the father felt very happy. ③He won't come unless he is invited. ＝He won't come unless invited.  3.现在分词短语作后置定语 [教材原句P50] This，however，is not always easy.Some people know what they want to do from a young age，but many others just have a few ideas bouncing around in their heads. 然而，这并不总是那么容易。有些人年轻时就清楚自己想做什么，但更多的人往往是只有一些想法在脑子里晃来晃去。 [句式分析] 句中bouncing around in their heads为现在分词短语作名词ideas的后置定语。 [例1]　 They put an advertisement in a newspaper looking for rock musicians. 他们在报上登了一则广告，寻求摇滚乐乐师。 [例2]　The building being built is our teaching building. 正在盖的楼房是我们的教学楼。 [造句]　站在窗边的那个人是我们的老师。 The man standing by the window is our teacher. [知识拓展] (1)现在分词(短语)作定语与所修饰的名词之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，表示该动作的主动和进行。 (2)单个现在分词作定语，放在所修饰词的前面，而现在分词短语作定语则放在所修饰词的后面。 ①Do you know the man talking to your father? ②Make less noise.There's a sleeping child. ③There is a note on the door saying “On Holiday”. ④The girl waiting to see the famous actor is my classmate. 等着见那位著名演员的女孩是我的同学。 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1.The company wanted to hire someone with experience,someone who knows about real 　　　　　(房地产).  2.Tom looked embarrassed,as if he were a 　　　　　(间谍) whose cover had been blown.  3.I forgot to include my experience as an 　　　　　(会计) in my resume.  4.A 　　　　　(贪婪的) young man in his neighbourhood heard the news and went into the cave himself.  5.We are a minority and must win people round to the 　　　　　(正义) of our cause.  6.He was 　　　　　(指控) of robbing a bank and was sentenced to ten years in prison.  7.China is a 　　　　　(社会主义的) country,and a developing country as well.  8．It is said that the murderer has employed a famous ________ (律师) to defend him. 9．She ________ (使弹起) the ball against the wall. 10．I barely passed algebra and ________ (几何), but here she's head of her class in both. 11．The doctor lapped a bandage around the wounded soldier's ________ (手腕)． 12．He locked these papers up in the bottom ________ (抽屉)． 13．I have not met him yet but I have read his ________ (简介) on the Internet. 14．Everyone came out well in the wedding photograph except the ________ (新郎)． 15．We should use slow fire to ________ (油炸) fish. 答案：1.estate 2.spy 3.accountant 4.greedy 5.justice 6.accused 7.socialist 8.lawyer　9.bounced　10.geometry　11.wrist　12.drawer　13.profile　14.bridegroom 15.fry Ⅱ . 用所给短语的适当形式填空 be based on; be passionate about; focus on; a variety of; agree with 1.We have such a diverse group of readers and authors who 　　　　　　 this project.  2.When Lisa stood before the audience, she felt very uneasy with all the eyes　　　　　　 her.  3.While I understand what you say, I can't 　　　　　　you totally.  4.There are 　　　　　　animals and plants in the world.  5.Your argument 　　　　　　a set of questionable(有问题的) assumptions.  答案：1.are passionate about　2.focused on 3.agree with　4.a variety of　5.is based on　 Ⅲ . 单句语法填空 1. The __________(accuse) man was judged guilty in spite of his protest of his innocence. 2. Since the start of the survey in 2003 to its __________ (conclude) in 2016, Ash Center researchers found that Chinese citizen satisfaction has increased to over 90 percent with the central government. 3. The ___________(reception) answered my call and made an appointment with the doctor. 4. He expected the students to study hard, make progress every day, and be well-prepared to join the __________ (social) cause. 5. The monument was __________ (dedicate) to the memory of the national hero. 6. But the custom in our country is different from overseas，we process food mostly by _________(fry). 7. We must cherish experience __________(acquire) at the cost of blood. 8. I think all _________(cage) birds should be set free. 9. All purchases shall ___________(finance) with the proceeds of loan. Keys: 1.accused 2.conclusion 3.receptionist 4.socialist 5.dedicated 6.frying 7. acquired 8.caged 9.be financed 7 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$