专题3 第3讲 警惕意外失分，“完美”复验下的完形(Word教师用书)-【新高考方案】2025年高考英语二轮复习专题增分方略

第三讲　警惕意外失分，“完美”复验下的完形 通过前两讲的先“完意”、再“完空”，残缺的语篇已完整“复原”，但这并不代表“已抱得满分归”。解答完形填空，通读语篇、填后复验是不可或缺的关键一环。因为在逐个“完空”的解题过程中，常会因片段式的阅读，造成“只见树木，不见森林”断章取义的错误。只有通过通读复验，才能发现一些细节性、惯性思维式错误，才能确保完形完美收官。通过对考生的常错题目进行分析，发现失分原因主要集中在“语言技能薄弱”和“思维品质欠缺”两个方面。 一、因语言技能薄弱导致失分 [典例]　(2023·浙江1月高考)The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest.I was on my way to__1__ a unique honey harvest.Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives (蜂箱) are placed in the__2__.Reaching them to get the honey is difficult — and often__3__. I __4__beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle.Ziyad began preparations. He __5__handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and __6__the bunch to create a torch (火把)．Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began __7__.He stopped every few minutes to move the __8__ higher up the tree trunk. __9__， Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground.Sitting on a branch, he __10__ towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive.Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry.Within seconds, he'd __11__ the trunk and was back on the ground. It was too __12__ to collect the honey.A cool summer had delayed __13__.Baby bees were still in the honeycombs (蜂巢)．The adult bees were __14__ and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree.He had to wait for the right __15__ to go back up. 参考答案：1－5　DCBCA　6－10　BDCAD　11－15　CBADA 1．A.share　　　　　　 B．collect C．celebrate D．witness 2．A.courtyards B．fields C．treetops D．caves 3．A.urgent B．dangerous C．expensive D．pointless 4．A.searched B．recognised C．followed D．invited 5．A.gathered B．cleaned C．dropped D．checked 6．A.shook B．lit C．measured D．decorated 7．A.jumping B．talking C．testing D．climbing 8．A.hives B．leaves C．rope D．honey 9．A.Finally B．Surprisingly C．Naturally D．Immediately 10．A.backed B．dived C．shouted D．inched 11．A.cut off B．gone up C．slid down D．held onto 12．A.high B．early C．fast D．close 13．A.hatching B．training C．sowing D．trading 14．A.curious B．hungry C．bored D．angry 15．A.moment B．equipment C．person D．order [失分原因例析] 失误点(一)　“熟词生义”想不到 高考对“熟词生义”的考查主要放在考生十分熟悉的课标内词汇上。考生可能对某些词汇的常见词义较为熟悉，而想不到这些词汇不常用的词义即生义。命题人有时会对这些词义进行考查。 第10题 由上文可知，收获蜂蜜是一个艰难且危险的工作，而且是在离地面约20米的树顶上作业，因此Ziyad应该是小心翼翼地朝着蜂箱缓慢移动。inch在此是熟词生义，意思是“(使朝某方向)谨慎移动”。考生往往只知道inch意为“英寸”，对 “谨慎移动”这个词义不熟悉，导致了失分。 失误点(二)　“一词多义”有混淆 高考对“一词多义”的考查主要侧重于具有三个或三个以上词义的词汇。考生可能熟悉这些词的多个词义，但在具体语境中常常混淆这些词义。所以，要确定该词的确切词义，就必须具体分析语境，弄清楚该词在语境中的意义。 第1题 根据下文内容可知，作者见证了蜂蜜收获的全过程，故选D项(witness)。witness n．证人；目击者v.见证，目击，当场看到。属于一词多义，如果词义混淆的话，容易错选。 失误点(三)　“难词僻义”没记牢 高考中的“难词僻义”多见于动词、名词、形容词或副词。这些较难词汇大都是课标内的易被忽视的单词。它们的拼写和词义较为复杂难记，在语篇中的考查数量相对较少。一旦涉及，考生往往望而生畏。 第11题 由空后的“was back on the ground”可知，Ziyad从树上滑到地面上了，故选C(slid down)。slide意为“滑动，滑行”。考生可能会忽视slide这个单词，更容易忽视其过去式slid，因此而出错。 第13题 结合空前、空后内容可知，现在收获蜂蜜太早了，幼蜂还没长到足够大出去采蜜，因此可推测是气候原因延迟了蜜蜂的孵化。故选A项(hatching)。hatch意为“孵化”，考生在学习中可能会忽视这个单词，导致错选。 失误点(四)　“构词规则”没学好 高考完形填空出现越来越多由课标词派生而来的新词，此类词并非是生词，而是对课标词汇的延伸， 需要考生掌握一定的构词法知识，学会通过构词法巧推词义。考查角度一般为派生词的常见词缀(un-， in-， im-， dis-， re-， -ly, -less, -ness, -ful等)的意义、词类转化(动词用作名词，名词用作动词或形容词)和合成词等构词法知识。如2023年新高考Ⅱ卷第33题中的uneventful, 2023年全国甲卷第31题中的unwise等。 第2题 根据下文的“Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground”和“Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，养蜂人Ziyad爬到了离地面约20米的高处，由此可推知，蜂箱应该在树顶，故选C(treetops)。treetop是一个合成词，意为“树顶”。考生可根据构词法，猜测treetop的词义。 第3题 由下文内容可知，Ziyad要爬到距离地面约20米的树顶采蜂蜜，再结合下文的“kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree”可知，这个行为常常是危险的，故选B(dangerous)，属于派生词。另外D项pointless意为“无意义的”。如果考生不了解派生词的构词意义，可能会误选。 二、因思维品质欠缺导致失分 [典例]　(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25-year-old is doing it __1__. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive __2__， but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel __3__. They're part of a new form of the __4__ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no-cost stays in __5__ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner's __6__. It's not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully __7__ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to __8__. But house sitting also offers a level of __9__ they can't find in a hotel. “It's like __10__ at a friend's house，” Jessica says. The couple has a high __11__ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner's __12__. For Jessica, that means __13__ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house __14__ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right __15__，” she says. 参考答案：1－5　DCDCA　6－10　DADBB　11－15　ACCAB 1．A.indoors　　　　 B．online C．single-handed D．full-time 2．A.game B．service C．vacation D．procedure 3．A.safe B．busy C．helpful D．affordable 4．A.local B．private C．sharing D．agricultural 5．A.strangers' B．parents' C．co-workers' D．neighbors' 6．A.favor B．defense C．honor D．absence 7．A.plan B．explain C．compare D．complete 8．A.buy B．transport C．choose D．please 9．A.support B．comfort C．control D．attention 10．A.cooking B．staying C．waiting D．studying 11．A.success B．survival C．growth D．unemployment 12．A.budget B．abilities C．expectations D．understanding 13．A.admiring B．donating C．sending D．borrowing 14．A.clean B．open C．simple D．empty 15．A.guess B．decision C．response D．impression 　 [失分原因例析] 失误点(一)　情节理解偏差 高考完形填空的文体多是记叙文。从语篇层次上来看，如果对故事的情节把握不准就会造成事件或情感上的逻辑混乱，从而导致这类题目失分。因此，必须准确地把握故事的情节线索，理清逻辑关系。 第1题 第一段讲述了杰西卡夫妇的特殊的旅游方式。考生需要理清故事情节：杰西卡想环游世界，但与大多数人不同的是，她是全职的。在过去的两年里，她和她的丈夫一直在世界各地旅行。因此第1题的答案为full-time。如果故事情节理解偏了，很容易错选。 失误点(二)　语篇意识不强 一些考生在解答完形填空题时，只顾匆忙选词，很少甚至不去从整体上思考文章的故事发展线索、话题的相关词汇、故事的小语义场和故事所反映的价值观等。这样容易导致在考查语篇意识的题目上失分。 第11－12题 文章介绍了杰西卡和丈夫免费住在陌生人家里时，他们会在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。这对夫妇被接受为看房人的成功率很高，因为他们所做出的事情总是超出房主的预期。虽然旅行的主题不是很难，但是利用共享的形式进行环球旅行却是新的旅行方式，与多数考生的生活实践有一定的距离。因此考生不易把握主旨，缺乏语篇意识。根据线索，第11－12题答案分别为success; expectations。 失误点(三)　语义场思维缺乏 语义场思维在解答完形填空题时非常重要。有时，完形填空语篇中的某个部分是一个较为完整且独立的故事小场景，也可称之为语义场。在该语义场中，人物的动作、情感和事件的发展联系得十分紧密。如果不能把这些要素通过语义场思维串联起来思考，就不能快速准确地解答题目。 第13－14题 第13－14题所在段落是一个语义场，举例说明他们具体做的工作，如发送大量快乐宠物的照片，保持房子的清洁，在去下一个房东家之前留下一份漂亮的小礼物等。由于这些服务，他们被接受为看房人的成功率很高。因此第13－14题答案分别为sending; clean。 失误点(四)　价值观方向跑偏 深刻理解文章主题，把握文章的价值取向，是准确解答语篇层次题的前提。考生需要具备透过现象把握本质的能力。文章体现的价值观一旦定位不准、理解不透，解题方向就会跑偏。 第5题 文章的话题是杰西卡和丈夫在用一种新的方式进行旅行。故事反映的价值观是网络时代下人们对“共享”的新角度理解，以及人与人之间的信任与和谐相处。第二段介绍了在线看房人的职责，他们免费住在陌生人家里的整个过程中，他们会在主人不在家的时候喂宠物和给植物浇水。因此第5题答案为strangers'。 (2024·福建漳州四模)Life can change in the blink of an eye.While Bridgette was in the parking lot, together with her kids, a car hit them.This left them __1__ beneath the car.Thankfully, the driver wasn't going very fast when she hit them.In that moment, she was __2__ by the sun, which is the __3__ cause of the accident.However, as soon as she could, she __4__ out of the car to help. Soon, Chris Crowder, CEO of the school, joined her.Without delay, he__5__ a group of students to help.“It was __6__，” Chris recalls.“I immediately just __7__ the building because I knew I had to get a lot of people to lift this car.We have about 220 domestic kids and over 300 international kids at the school.They just heard me __8__.All these kids from different countries just come running out and lift it up.” Still, this wasn't an easy__9__.“The car was heavy，” says student Junier.“We did our best, and the moment I heard the kids crying, I was like, ‘Oh, thank goodness, the kids are good.’” The mother and kids were __10__ to the hospital.Although Bridgette suffered the most of the injuries, all three of them are expected to make complete __11__.A GoFundMe has been made to help the family with __12__.“Thank you for your support of this amazing mother and her beautiful children as they __13__ from this tragic accident，” Keaton speaks, creator of the GoFundMe page shares.“We also have the __14__ husband and father, Andrew Ponson, in our prayers as he takes care of his family wholeheartedly day and night.” In addition to being grateful for Bridgette and her kids' safe rescue, the heroic students who helped are also getting their __15__ praise. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了While Bridgette和她的孩子在停车场被一辆车撞了，被困车底，在众多人帮助下获救的故事。 1．A.trapped B．lost C．ignored D．hidden 解析：选A　根据上文“While Bridgette was in the parking lot, together with her kids, a car hit them.”可知，他们遭遇了车祸，此处指他们被困在车底下。 2．A.warmed B．weathered C．blinded D．shone 解析：选C　根据下文“by the sun”以及“cause of the accident”可知，事故的原因是阳光刺眼，导致她(司机)看不见。 3．A.normal B．complex C．puzzling D．suspected 解析：选D　根据下文“cause of the accident”可知，怀疑是太阳晃了眼造成了这次事故。 4．A.jumped B．fell C．rolled D．slipped 解析：选A　根据下文“out of the car to help”可知，她跳下车去帮忙。 5．A.followed B．gathered C．pulled D．advised 解析：选B　根据下文“a group of students to help”可知，校长召集学生来帮忙。 6．A.fierce B．competitive C．urgent D．strange 解析：选C　根据上文“Without delay”以及发生了车祸可知，事情很紧急。 7．A.searched for B．wandered through C．pointed at D．rushed into 解析：选D　根据上文“Without delay”以及“I immediately just”可知，此处指校长动作迅速，冲进大楼叫人。 8．A.sigh B．scream C．weep D．pray 解析：选B　根据上文“I had to get a lot of people to lift this car”可知，他冲进大楼叫人来帮忙，大家都听到了他的喊叫声。 9．A.project B．task C．preparation D．solution 解析：选B　根据下文“The car was heavy”可知，车很重，要抬起来不是一件容易的事情(task)。 10．A.dragged B．appointed C．transported D．called 解析：选C　根据下文“to the hospital”可知，母亲和孩子被送往医院了。 11．A.judgements B．efforts C．returns D．recoveries 解析：选D　根据上文“Although Bridgette suffered the most of the injuries, all three of them are expected to make complete”可知，虽然伤势最重的是Bridgette，但他们三人都有望完全康复，although表示转折。 12．A.expenses B．medicines C．foods D．wards 解析：选A　根据上文“A GoFundMe has been made to help the family with”可知，GoFundMe是一个慈善网站，他们帮忙支付这家人的医疗费用。 13．A.learn B．heal C．escape D．change 解析：选B　根据下文“from this tragic accident”可知，此处指帮助母亲和孩子从这场悲惨的事故中恢复过来。 14．A.honest B．enthusiastic C．incredible D．optimistic 解析：选C　根据下文“as he takes care of his family wholeheartedly day and night”可知，Andrew Ponson全心全意照顾家人，是了不起的丈夫和父亲。 15．A.promised B．desired C．continued D．deserved 解析：选D　根据上文“the heroic students who helped”可知，提供帮助的勇敢的学生也值得赞扬。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$