重难点16 阅读理解之词义猜测题-2025年高考英语【热点•重点•难点】专练（新高考通用）

重难点16 阅读理解之词义猜测题 【考点统计】 2022-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2025八省联考卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 【命题趋势】 一、词汇方面 1. 熟词生义考查增多：越来越注重考查考生对常见词汇在特定语境中不常见含义的理解，如“sharp”常见义是“锋利的”，但在高考题中可能考查“明显的”这一不常见义。 2. 合成词、派生词比例上升：出现更多由熟悉的单词通过合成、派生等构词法形成的新词，如“shoplifting”“computer-literate”等。 3. 超纲词汇有所增加：为了考查学生通过上下文猜测词义的能力，文章中会出现一些《教学大纲》要求之外的超纲词汇。 二、句子方面 2. 长难句中的词汇猜测增加：要求考生在复杂的长难句中准确猜测词汇的含义，需要对句子结构进行分析，结合上下文逻辑来理解词义。 3. 考查对句子中关键短语或词组的理解：不再局限于单个单词的猜测，还会涉及对一些短语、词组在特定语境中的含义考查，如固定搭配、习惯用语等。 三、语篇方面 1. 基于上下文逻辑关系的考查更突出：强调通过文章中的因果、对比、并列、转折等逻辑关系来推测词义。如出现表示对比关系的“unlike”“but”等词时，可根据反义词来猜测生词词义。 2. 依赖语篇整体理解的趋势明显：有些词义猜测需要结合整个段落甚至全文的主旨、背景等信息来进行推断，不能仅看单个句子或段落。 四、设题方面 1. 设题方式更加灵活多样：题干表述除了传统的“What does the underlined word mean?”等，还会以更具体、更贴近文本内容的方式提问，如“In the context of the passage, what is the closest meaning of...”。 2. 选项干扰性更强：干扰项可能会是与正确答案形似或义近的词，或者是符合常规理解但与文章语境不符的词，以及根据部分上下文信息片面推断出的意思，增加了答题的难度。 【题型概述】 词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语、句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新义,还可以是对代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外,考生在阅读文章时,常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词,但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。 【题型特点】 词句猜测题着重考查利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇上下文等理解生词的能力。主要通过以下两点进行考查: 1.要求根据阅读材料,结合学生应有的常识和经验判断生词、词组或熟词在特定语境中的含义以及一些句子的意思; 2.代词指代题也是词义猜测题的常考类型。 【设问方式】 特殊疑问句形式:以疑问词what开头引出的问题;通常涉及四种形式：生词型、短语型、句子型、代词型。 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? （2024新课标I卷，短语型） 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? （2024新课标II卷，短语型） 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? （2024全国甲卷，短语型） 24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? （2024浙江1月卷，代词型） 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? （2023新课标I卷，生词型） 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? （2023新课标I卷，短语型） 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? （2023新课标II卷，短语型） 技法一：利用逻辑关系猜测词义。 【思维导图】 [典例1](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,D) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 【解题过程】 [典例1]根据第二段画线短语后but及thankfully可知前后语意转折,前句应该是假设一位不是Campbell的作者,与后句中经验丰富的作者进行对比。 [自主解答]　 　  技法二：利用语法关系猜测词义。 【思维导图】 [典例1](2021全国甲卷,C) Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆),I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting:“Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered — landing tricks, being a good skater. 29.What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean? A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don’t worry! 【解题过程】 根据选段中的“And my favorite: Safe.Safe meant cool.”可知,作者将Safe定义为cool,即“出色的”;同时结合下文可知,在作者成功完成了一次滑板动作后,同伴们都大喊“Safe! Safe! Safe!”来表示祝贺或鼓励作者,夸作者“做得好”。 [自主解答]　 　  技法三：利用构词法猜测词义。 【思维导图】 [典例](2020新高考Ⅱ卷,B) I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. ... My imaginary Grandma’s Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away — since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day,and I would return the belonging. 25. What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to? A. The student’s parent. B. The maker of the Grandma’s Box. C. The author’s grandchild. D. The owner of the forbidden fruit. 【解题过程】 根据构词法知识可知,“-er”为后缀,当其与动词组合时,表示“做某事的人或物”;offend为动词,意为“违反;冒犯”。所以offender有“犯规者;违反者”之意。结合上文中出现的“forbidden fruit”以及下文提到的“return the belonging”可推断,画线词所在句表示,通常the offender会在放学的时候过来,作者就会把东西归还给他/她。因此,the offender就是携带违禁物品的人。 [自主解答]　 　  技法四：代词指代题——就近原则法。 【试题特点】 代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。 【设问方式】 1.What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which...” refer to? 2.The underlined part “it/that/they/which...” in paragraph...refers to “ 　　　”. 【思维导图】 [典例](2022新高考Ⅱ卷,C) “We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W.Ortiz,who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,” he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.” 30. What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 本题利用就近原则法解题。根据画线词所在句“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior”可知,something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes...hands on the cell phone.”可知,人们的行为会改变的条件是当 Textalyzer 法案成为法律。受到法律的约束,司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。 [自主解答]　 　  技法五：句意猜测题——意义吻合法。 【试题特点】 高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。 【设问方式】 1.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph...mean? 2.Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in paragraph...? 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。 【思维导图】 [典例](浙江卷,B) Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.” 24.What does the expression “Money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. 【解题过程】 本题利用意义吻合法解题。根据第一段中的“Give What You Can,Take What You Need(尽你所能,取你所需)”可知,此处“Money with no strings attached”的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。 [自主解答]　 　  （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：高考真题猜测词义题片段训练】 【片段01】（2024新课标I卷第28题） When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 【片段02】（2023新课标I卷第29题） Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 【片段03】（2023新课标II卷第30题） In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 【片段04】（2023全国甲卷第24题） Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer. 【片段05】（2023全国乙卷第24题） In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society. 【类型二：高考真题猜测词义题语篇训练】 【2025·浙江1月卷】A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce storm water runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C. Matrix gardens need more CARE D. Old garden plots work WONDERS 【2025·八省联考卷】Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day. Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before. And just like every day before, he got into the jump seat and they were off. On the route, Jim and Butch had become inseparable. Now, the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together. At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories. It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us. 24. What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph? A. He’s open-minded. B. He’s sharp-eyed. C. He’s warm-hearted. D. He’s strong-willed. 25. What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Refused. B. Criticized. C. Investigated. D. Suspended. 26. What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work? A. He drove Butch to its owner. B. He sent presents to his friends. C. He prepared a retirement party. D. He said goodbye to the neighbors. 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a respected mail carrier. B. To record an unforgettable experience. C. To raise funds for the postal service. D. To call for harmony in the community. 【类型三：猜测词义题名校好题调研】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东临沂·期末）In October 2020, the United Nations Global Biodiversity Outlook announced that no government had met a single target to stop biodiversity loss in the last decade. Examples include rising deforestation and declining bee populations. To succeed in conserving biodiversity, we must first expand our understanding of biodiversity. Biodiversity conversations tend to focus on certain plants and animals while ignoring others. People often regard trees and bees as the foundation of nature. For conservation campaigns, it pays —literally — to be a large mammal that people can easily identify with or a species that seems directly useful to humans. We also try to protect species with obvious commercial interest, such as tuna and the honeybee. Viewing biodiversity too narrowly does more harm than good. Many species are too small, too few, too ugly, or still undiscovered for us to notice them. Let’s not make these the reasons why they are overlooked. Pollinators (传粉者) are an essential part of biodiversity: Up to 90%of plants rely on animals for pollination, with bees often springing to mind. Yet, pollinators are much more than bees. There are about 20, 000 species of bees out of 350, 000 known pollinators. In Europe, honeybees are important for crops production. However, in warmer climates, plants like the fig tree rely on specific wasps and moths (飞蛾) for pollination. If we consider the most important pollinator in terms of pollinator diversity, moths and butterflies, with more than 140, 000 species, win the title. But we shouldn’t be asking which are the most important, or the most numerous. No single pollinator can get the job done. We need a variety of pollinators to support our ecosystems. Taking a narrow view of biodiversity hides nature’s true wonder. Instead, we should appreciate species not through a human-centered lens, but rather as equally cynical parts of incredible, complex and life-giving systems. All species deserve recognition. It is only then that we will be able to safeguard nature. 1．Which can best explain the underlined “pays” in paragraph 2? A．Brings advantage. B．Benefits nature. C．Makes profits. D．Faces risks. 2．Why are moths and butterflies mentioned? A．To stress their role in pollination. B．To highlight their beauty and diversity. C．To show their superior importance over bees. D．To prove biodiversity goes beyond mere quantity. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Biodiversity serves as the foundation of nature. B．All species play an essential role in ecosystems. C．A human-centered view leads to biodiversity loss. D．Identifying all species is the key to protecting nature. 4．What is main idea of the text? A．Endangered species call for conservation efforts. B．A broader view of biodiversity conservation is needed. C．Human activities are the primary causes of biodiversity loss. D．Governments struggle to meet biodiversity conservation targets. 【调研02】（24-25高二上·河北保定·阶段练习）“Big Tree,” an old southern live oak, sits in a park just outside Orlando’s business district. It’s been struck by lightning at least three times and has survived many hurricanes — and it grew from a seed around the same time Juan Ponce de León’s ship first landed on Florida’s eastern coast. Over 400 years old, the tree is so impressive that members of a Michigan-based nonprofit flew to Orlando in February to climb the tree and cut branches and leaves. The researchers are now in the midst of the process to grow new roots from the cuttings. The reason: To clone the historic tree, store its DNA and plant potentially thousands of cloned trees across the Southeast. In order to clone an ancient tree, researchers must climb it to find a piece of live tissue. The freshly cut branches and leaves are taken to the group’s lab in Michigan, where, in climate-controlled rooms, researchers work to promote growth from the cuttings. The most common method is by rooted cuttings. In this method, a tip of a tree’s branch is dipped (蘸) into hormones, placed into a foam plug (泡沫塞) and set inside a mist room. Then, the waiting begins. A sign of life can take several months to a year to show, if one comes at all. In another method called tissue culture, researchers take a quarter-inch of branch, dip it into a mixture made up of a dozen hormones and other chemicals, seal (密封) it in a container and wait to see whether it will grow roots. Experts lauded the group for its creative methods and reproduction in large numbers, but they doubt whether the clones will grow as the originals do. Scott Merkle, a professor of forest biology at the University of Georgia, said, “There are so many variables that there’s no certainty that they will be able to survive and perform better than other trees that you plant on the same land”. He added that the age of historic trees makes them difficult to study. “I think it’s a great thing that they’ re doing. I just don’t know how realistic it is.” 1．According to the passage, what do the researchers aim to do? A．To study the reason for the survival of “Big Tree”. B．To save thousands of trees across the Southeast. C．To analyse the effects of climate on tree growth. D．To clone an ancient tree from its original. 2．What do we know about the two methods mentioned in paragraph 4? A．Tissue culture is the most frequently used method. B．There is a chance that the branch will fail to grow roots. C．In the first method the live tissue is sealed in a container. D．A mixture of hormones and other chemicals is needed in both methods. 3．What does the underlined word “lauded” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Praised. B．Met. C．Joined. D．Contacted. 4．What’s Scott Merkle’s attitude to the group’s work? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Cautious. D．Unclear. 【调研03】（24-25高三上·安徽黄山·期末）This autumn, pupils in the Finnish town of Riihimaki headed back to school with backpacks full of books. This marks a change from recent years. For the past 10 years, the Finnish government has pushed laptops and other electronic devices in the classroom. Finland’s public education system is known for its good results and its readiness to try new teaching methods. Until recently many schools gave laptops for free to all pupils from as early as age 11. But Finnish parents and teachers have become increasingly worried about the influence of screens on children. Riihimaki, a town of about 30,000 people, which since 2018 had stopped using most books in middle schools, is trying something different this year: going back to pen and paper. “Young people are using phones and electronic devices so much these days that we don’t want school to be one of the places where children are only fixing their eyes on screens. The perturbation that comes with the use of electronic devices makes many children unable to give their full attention to learning,” said Maija Kaunonen, a local English teacher. She added, “Most students just did the exercises as quickly as they could so they could then move on to using social media. And it took them no time at all to change tabs in the browser. So when the teacher came round to them, they could say, ‘Yes, I was doing this exercise.’” Across Finland, children’s learning results have been slowly getting worse in recent years. In answer, the government plans new laws to ban the use of personal devices, such as phones, during school hours to cut down on screen time. Eighth-graders Miko Mantil a said her concentration has improved since books returned to the classrooms. “Reading is much easier and I can read much faster from books.” Minna Peltopuro, a psychologist working with the town on the change, said the total screen time should be cut because Finnish students now look at a screen for up to six hours each day on average. She added that too much use of electronic devices comes with both physical and mental risks, such as eye problems and growing anxiety, and the brain is at risk when trying to do more than one thing at a time. 1．What changes have occurred in Riihimiki’s schools recently? A．They have replaced laptops with textbooks. B．They have started using more electronic devices. C．They have introduced a different teaching method. D．They have adopted a new public education system. 2．What does the underlined word “perturbation” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Convenience. B．Disturbance. C．Challenge. D．Popularity. 3．What is Minna Peltopuro’s attitude to the average screen time for Finnish students? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unconcerned. D．Supportive. 4．What is the purpose of writing this text? A．To discuss the future of Finnish education. B．To persuade schools to stop using electronic devices. C．To inform readers about the changes in Finnish education. D．To compare the traditional education method with the modern one. 【调研04】（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）It is not easy to capture the attention of hundreds of thousands of people, yet, in October 2022, the act of two teens throwing soup at a painting has gained mass recognition online. These teens tended to use this attention to courageously convey an important message: it is time for the world to wake up and stop climate change. These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause. However, the majority of viewers did not respond as expected with some even labeling it a “childish tantrum”. One of the viewers criticized: “there were several ways to get a point crossed. Making a statement with an attempt to ruin or intent of damage to property that is not yours is the silly thing.” “A more productive form of climate change protest would be one that seems more mature in which the audiences and protesters are in the same boat.” He added later. A thoughtful climate protesters should be the ones who adopt more rational ways such as deliver public speeches, which emphasize how climate change is directly affecting public lives including how more and more extreme heat events and deaths are caused by human action, or how our climate will face irreversible (不可逆转的) global warming without preventive measures, start a movement on social media, or implement a climate change curriculum in schools to spread awareness in a more organized manner. That way, people will effectively learn about climate change and respect the information instead of looking down upon them. Moving forward, climate protesters should strive to communicate the urgency of climate change to empower others to take action for the common good rather than do ruins. 1．What can be learned about the two teens from the first two paragraphs? A．They gained recognition on social media for themselves. B．They adopted a childish way to arouse people’s support. C．A minority of viewers didn’t respond as they expected. D．Their initial goal and actions were in the same boat with viewers. 2．The phrase “childish tantrum” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to__________ . A．a reasonable action B．an immature outburst C．a well-planned strategy D．a meaningful behavior 3．Which of the following may not be included in a public speech according to the passage? A．The effect of climate change on public lives. B．The urgency of climate change to take action. C．The irreversible global warming without measures. D．Online movements and climate change curriculums. 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Teens’ Protest: A Proper Behavior B．Climate Change: An Urgent Concern C．Climate Impact: An Inevitable Topic D．Climate Change Protest: A rational Action 【调研05】（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Despite being born without hands, 12-year-old Aubrey Sauvie has never let limitations hold her back. From mastering martial arts (武术) to expressing herself through art, she advances bravely in a world that often prioritizes physical ability. However, her passion for drumming presented a special barrier: how could she hold the drumsticks without slipping out? Aware of Aubrey’s problem, her band director proposed her for Tech Engineering for Kids, a program which is run through a junior-level engineering course of the Tennessee Tech University. It involves students working in teams to design a form of custom assistive technology for children with special needs. Up to now, they have created toys and devices for children with sensory disorder. Learning about Aubrey’s story, a team of ten engineering students of the program decided to create 3D-printed prostheses (义肢) specifically designed for drumming. They would send a certain design to Aubrey, who would then provide feedback, like “I think this is good, but it's a little bit long. Could it be shortened?’ or “It’s a little bit hot on my arm. Could you potentially, like, make it a little bit more breathable?” The team created about six iterations of the prostheses until they were satisfied with the final product, which was not only hard-wearing but also flexible, allowing for drumstick attachments on both arms. This innovation not only improved sound quality but also provided the flexibility needed for advanced drumming techniques. Aubrey was very grateful for this technical solution. “I was really excited that I was going to be able to use the new prostheses and try them out,” she remarked. “They are becoming a very useful and resourceful tool to help me with my drumming.” With her newfound drumming freedom, Aubrey sets her sights on mastering a full drum set. Meanwhile. Tech Engineering for Kids readies itself to extend its reach, bridging the gap between limitations and ambitions through technology. 1．What troubles Aubrey a lot? A．Lacking passion for sports. B．Owning no talent for music. C．Inaccessibility to expert training. D．Inability to operate an instrument. 2．What is Tech Engineering for Kids intended to do? A．Offer engineering courses. B．Design sustainable devices. C．Create personalized adaptive tools. D．Improve overall users’ experience. 3．Which can replace the underlined word “iterations” in Paragraph 3? A．Uses. B．Versions. C．Materials. D．Kinds. 4．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Limitation brings down people’ creativity. B．Ambition fuels the desires of the disabled. C．Science breaks down the barriers among people. D．Technology empowers people to pursue dreams. 【调研06】（24-25高三上·山西吕梁·期末）“Sandy wind, is blowing over the shed... Sheep in the pen, are circling restlessly...” This is a folk song that people used to sing in counties like Awat along the Taklimakan Desert in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Simple lyrics reflect the bitter life they’ve had to suffer from sand and dust storms striking in from time to time. But not long ago, a new milestone appeared in the long battle with desertification. On Nov. 28th, the last desert rose was planted into the sandy soil, completing the final stretch of the 3,046-km-long sand-blocking green belt surrounding the Taklimakan Desert. Therefore, China’ s largest and the world’s second-largest shifting sand desert now wears a “green scarf.” Given the vastness of the Taklimakan Desert, not to mention its high-speed winds and severe droughts, building the world’ s longest ecological barrier to encircle this desert is no easy task. During the difficult exploration of controlling desertification, people gradually found that adopting proper methods according to local geographical features is the effective solution. Over time, people living at the brink of the Taklimakan Desert noticed that sand storms have become less frequent, the environment has improved, and yields have been bettered in their farmlands. China is one of the countries that suffer most from desertification. Now, reduction has been realized in both desertification and sandification. For China, the green scarf of the Taklimakan Desert also signifies a new start. For “Our Land” and “Our Future,” one can be hopeful to see more stories about human-desert harmony and humanity-nature harmony. 1．Why is the folk song mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a song which is popular. B．To show how simple the lyrics are. C．To explain why wind is so violent. D．To reflect the local people’s hard life. 2．What does the underlined phrase “a new milestone” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．The last desert rose. B．The sand-blocking green belt. C．The economic barrier. D．The shifting sand desert. 3．Which of the following best describes China’ s efforts to reduce desertification? A．Unsatisfying. B．Inefficient. C．Productive. D．Joint. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The Taklimakan Desert wears a “Green Scarf”. B．Various methods have been adopted to monitor sandification. C．The Taklimakan Desert will disappear very soon. D．China has made great progress in controlling desertification. 【调研07】（24-25高三上·安徽阜阳·期末）Last summer, I was assigned to take photos that could communicate the urgency of climate change in northern Canada. When I arrived at an abandoned village on Resolute Bay, I scanned the shore with my camera. Suddenly, I spotted a bear lying on the ground. It didn’t move for almost an hour. But when it finally stood up, I had to catch my breath. The bear’s once strong body was just skin and bones; every step that it took was painfully slow. When I posted the photos on the social media, I wrote, “This is what starvation may look like. I wonder whether the global population of 25,000 polar bears would die the way this bear is dying.” I did not say that this particular bear was killed by climate change. But news organizations around the world focused on it. The first line of the story published in National Geographic read, “This is what climate change looks like” — with “climate change” highlighted in yellow. Other news agencies even adopted more dramatic headlines. It was estimated that my photos had been read by about 2.5 billion people around the world. But there was a problem: Most people and the news agencies didn’t pick up or misunderstood the real message I tried to send with them. Many people expressed gratitude that I’d provided shocking evidence on climate change, while others who are still trying to deny the existence of climate change accused me of spreading false information. Perhaps I had made a mistake in not telling the full story — that I was looking for pictures that might foretell the future and that I didn’t know what had happened to this particular polar bear. I can’t say that this bear was starving because of climate change, but I am happy that my photos have moved the conversation about climate change to the forefront, where it must remain until this problem is solved. Until then, when I come across a scene like this one, I will again share with the world—and take pains to be sure that my intention is clear. 1．How did the author feel when the bear stood up? A．Shocked. B．Scared. C．Amused. D．Relieved. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The story. B．The photo. C．The starving bear. D．Climate change. 3．Why did the author share those photos? A．To provide more direct evidence on climate change. B．To show the link between the bear and climate change. C．To warn of the possible consequences of climate change. D．To expose the false information about climate change. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How to admit mistakes B．My misunderstood intention C．How to please readers D．My amazing tour 【调研08】（24-25高三上·山东济宁·期末）“What’s special about our species?” is a question scientists have wrestled with for centuries. Now an evolutionary anthropologist Thomas Morgan has a new theory that could change the way we perceive ourselves, and the world. “It was basically accepted that it was the ability of human culture — the shared body of knowledge passed down across generations — to accumulate (累积) and evolve that made us special, but our new discoveries are challenging that and forcing us to rethink what makes us as a species unique,” said Morgan. Just as humans pass on knowledge to our children, when a new queen leafcutter ant hatches, she collects a little mouthful of her mother’s genetic material to start a new family. Even locusts use complex evolving systems to adapt to local conditions, relying on epigenetic changes — how factors like age and environment can change gene activity without changing DNA sequence (序列) — to quickly evolve between green or yellow-and-black forms based on overpopulation. So, if animals do have evolving cultures, then what’s special about human culture? Morgan pointed out that we humans are so special because of our “open-endedness” — our ability to communicate and understand an infinite number of possibilities in life, whereas animals’ inability to easily imagine complicated sequences or subgoals limits their way of thinking. “For example, when I’m making my boys’ breakfast in the morning, it’s a nested, multi-step process. First, I need to get the bowls and pots and other equipment. Then I put the ingredients in the pot, all in the right amounts and order, cook it, monitoring temperature until it reaches the right consistency, and then serve it up. Each of these steps is a subgoal. This complex procedure is hard for animals to interpret,” said Morgan. When it comes to the limit of this system, human brains just keep going, which allows us to perform a near-infinite set of behaviors — this is open-endedness. 1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The human culture. B．The common belief. C．The latest discovery. D．The new species. 2．What can be learned in paragraph 3? A．The fittest are likely to survive best. B．DNA’ s sequence is basically unstable. C．Culture accumulation isn’t exclusive to humans. D．Parents attach importance to children’ s education. 3．Why does Morgan cite the breakfast-making example? A．To display his superb cooking skills. B．To explain the complexity of cooking. C．To stress the importance of goal-setting. D．To show animals’ struggle with subgoals. 4．Which can best describe the core of human open-endedness? A．Orderly. B．Boundless. C．Consistent. D．Inclusive. ( 21 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点16 阅读理解之词义猜测题 【考点统计】 2022-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2025八省联考卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 【命题趋势】 一、词汇方面 1. 熟词生义考查增多：越来越注重考查考生对常见词汇在特定语境中不常见含义的理解，如“sharp”常见义是“锋利的”，但在高考题中可能考查“明显的”这一不常见义。 2. 合成词、派生词比例上升：出现更多由熟悉的单词通过合成、派生等构词法形成的新词，如“shoplifting”“computer-literate”等。 3. 超纲词汇有所增加：为了考查学生通过上下文猜测词义的能力，文章中会出现一些《教学大纲》要求之外的超纲词汇。 二、句子方面 2. 长难句中的词汇猜测增加：要求考生在复杂的长难句中准确猜测词汇的含义，需要对句子结构进行分析，结合上下文逻辑来理解词义。 3. 考查对句子中关键短语或词组的理解：不再局限于单个单词的猜测，还会涉及对一些短语、词组在特定语境中的含义考查，如固定搭配、习惯用语等。 三、语篇方面 1. 基于上下文逻辑关系的考查更突出：强调通过文章中的因果、对比、并列、转折等逻辑关系来推测词义。如出现表示对比关系的“unlike”“but”等词时，可根据反义词来猜测生词词义。 2. 依赖语篇整体理解的趋势明显：有些词义猜测需要结合整个段落甚至全文的主旨、背景等信息来进行推断，不能仅看单个句子或段落。 四、设题方面 1. 设题方式更加灵活多样：题干表述除了传统的“What does the underlined word mean?”等，还会以更具体、更贴近文本内容的方式提问，如“In the context of the passage, what is the closest meaning of...”。 2. 选项干扰性更强：干扰项可能会是与正确答案形似或义近的词，或者是符合常规理解但与文章语境不符的词，以及根据部分上下文信息片面推断出的意思，增加了答题的难度。 【题型概述】 词句猜测题基本上是阅读理解每年必考的题型。此类题型旨在考查考生根据上下文推断单词、短语、句子的本意或外延含义的能力,既可以考查生词的意义,也可以考查熟词的新义,还可以是对代词所替代内容的判断。除了直接命题的生词外,考生在阅读文章时,常常也会遇到一些过去未见过的词,但这类生词的词义大都可以通过上下文推断出来。 【题型特点】 词句猜测题着重考查利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇上下文等理解生词的能力。主要通过以下两点进行考查: 1.要求根据阅读材料,结合学生应有的常识和经验判断生词、词组或熟词在特定语境中的含义以及一些句子的意思; 2.代词指代题也是词义猜测题的常考类型。 【设问方式】 特殊疑问句形式:以疑问词what开头引出的问题;通常涉及四种形式：生词型、短语型、句子型、代词型。 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? （2024新课标I卷，短语型） 32. What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? （2024新课标II卷，短语型） 26. Which best explains the phrase "take. . . up notch" in paragraph 3? （2024全国甲卷，短语型） 24. What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to? （2024浙江1月卷，代词型） 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? （2023新课标I卷，生词型） 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? （2023新课标I卷，短语型） 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? （2023新课标II卷，短语型） 技法一：利用逻辑关系猜测词义。 【思维导图】 [典例1](2024新课标Ⅱ卷,D) In the wrong hands, such a book could prove as complicated to process as the computer code(代码) that powers AI but, thankfully, Campbell has more than two decades’ professional experience translating the heady into the understandable. She writes from the practical angle of a business person rather than as an academic, making for a guide which is highly accessible and informative and which, by the close, will make you feel almost as smart as AI. 32.What does the phrase “In the wrong hands” in paragraph 2 probably mean? A. If read by someone poorly educated. B. If reviewed by someone ill-intentioned. C. If written by someone less competent. D. If translated by someone unacademic. 【解题过程】 [典例1]根据第二段画线短语后but及thankfully可知前后语意转折,前句应该是假设一位不是Campbell的作者,与后句中经验丰富的作者进行对比。 [自主解答]　 C 　  技法二：利用语法关系猜测词义。 【思维导图】 [典例1](2021全国甲卷,C) Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don’t worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam(横杆),I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting:“Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that’s what mattered — landing tricks, being a good skater. 29.What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe!” probably mean? A. Be careful! B. Well done! C. No way! D. Don’t worry! 【解题过程】 根据选段中的“And my favorite:Safe.Safe meant cool.”可知,作者将Safe定义为cool,即“出色的”;同时结合下文可知,在作者成功完成了一次滑板动作后,同伴们都大喊“Safe! Safe! Safe!”来表示祝贺或鼓励作者,夸作者“做得好”。 [自主解答]　 B 　  技法三：利用构词法猜测词义。 【思维导图】 [典例](2020新高考Ⅱ卷,B) I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit. ... My imaginary Grandma’s Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away — since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the offender would appear at the end of the day,and I would return the belonging. 25. What do the underlined words “the offender” in paragraph 8 refer to? A. The student’s parent. B. The maker of the Grandma’s Box. C. The author’s grandchild. D. The owner of the forbidden fruit. 【解题过程】 根据构词法知识可知,“-er”为后缀,当其与动词组合时,表示“做某事的人或物”;offend为动词,意为“违反;冒犯”。所以offender有“犯规者;违反者”之意。结合上文中出现的“forbidden fruit”以及下文提到的“return the belonging”可推断,画线词所在句表示,通常the offender会在放学的时候过来,作者就会把东西归还给他/她。因此,the offender就是携带违禁物品的人。 [自主解答]　 D 　  技法四：代词指代题——就近原则法。 【试题特点】 代词指代题常出现在人物或事物变换多、动作转换频繁的语境中,考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词的指代对象。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。 【设问方式】 1.What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which...” refer to? 2.The underlined part “it/that/they/which...” in paragraph...refers to “ 　　　”. 【思维导图】 [典例](2022新高考Ⅱ卷,C) “We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior,” said Félix W.Ortiz, who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law,” he said, “people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.” 30. What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to? A. Advice. B. Data. C. Tests. D. Laws. 本题利用就近原则法解题。根据画线词所在句“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior”可知,something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes...hands on the cell phone.”可知,人们的行为会改变的条件是当 Textalyzer 法案成为法律。受到法律的约束,司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。 [自主解答]　D　  技法五：句意猜测题——意义吻合法。 【试题特点】 高考阅读理解有时会对某一个句子的本意或外延含义进行考查,因此要求考生准确理解前后句所表达的含义,巧解句意猜测题。 【设问方式】 1.What does the underlined sentence in paragraph...mean? 2.Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in paragraph...? 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章,用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。 【思维导图】 [典例](浙江卷,B) Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What You Can, Take What You Need.” 24.What does the expression “Money with no strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean? A. Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. 【解题过程】 本题利用意义吻合法解题。根据第一段中的“Give What You Can,Take What You Need(尽你所能,取你所需)”可知,此处“Money with no strings attached”的意思应该是“无条件提供钱”。 [自主解答]　 C 　  （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：高考真题猜测词义题片段训练】 【片段01】（2024新课标I卷第28题） When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 28.词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 【片段02】（2023新课标I卷第29题） Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. 29. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean? A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over. 【解析】29.词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。 【片段03】（2023新课标II卷第30题） In this “book of books,” artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. Adults are portrayed (描绘) alone in many settings and poses —absorbed in a volume, deep in thought or lost in a moment of leisure. These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments we can all relate to. 30. What do the underlined words “relate to” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Understand. B. Paint. C. Seize. D. Transform. 30.词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“artworks are selected and arranged in a way that emphasizes these connections between different eras and cultures. We see scenes of children learning to read at home or at school, with the book as a focus for relations between the generations. (艺术品的选择和排列方式强调了不同时代和文化之间的联系。我们看到孩子们在家里或学校学习阅读的场景，这本书是几代人之间关系的焦点)”以及“These scenes may have been painted hundreds of years ago, but they record moments (这些场景可能是数百年前绘制的，但它们记录了一些时刻)”可推知，此处指书籍是人类之间相互联系和理解的纽带，故与画线短语“relate to”意思最相近的为A项“理解、认识到”。故选A。 【片段04】（2023全国甲卷第24题） Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. 24. Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer. 【解析】24.词句猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思。故选C。 【片段05】（2023全国乙卷第24题） In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact (联系) between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. 34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to? A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society. 34.词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文(加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半。)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects. (如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体。)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。 【类型二：高考真题猜测词义题语篇训练】 【2025·浙江1月卷】A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers (化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance. Planners created planting mixes that could be used modularly (模块化). In a matrix garden, plants with similar cultural needs are grouped so that they will grow together above and below ground, forming a cooperative ecosystem that conserves water and discourages weeds. Dutch plantsman and designer Piet Oudolf’s gardens popularized this style, adding artistic flavors to the planting mixes while playing with color and form, including four-season interest and serving the needs of wildlife. Beautiful year-round, they invite you to enjoy the smallest detail, from the sound of grasses in the gentle wind to the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads. It takes a lot of thought to look this natural. While matrix gardens appear wild, they are carefully planned, with cultural needs the first consideration. Led by the concept of “right plant, right place,” they match plants that enjoy the same soil, sun and weather conditions, and arrange them according to their patterns of growth. The benefits are substantial for both gardener and planet. With human inputs dramatically reduced, the garden’s ecology can develop well. Established matrix gardens should not need the life support we give most gardens: fertilizer, dividing, regular watering. Compared to traditional garden plots, they increase carbon absorption, reduce storm water runoff and boost habitat and biodiversity significantly. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 29. Why was the idea of matrix planting introduced? A. To control weeds in large gardens. B. To bring in foreign species of plants. C. To conserve soil and water resources. D. To develop low-maintenance parkland. 30. Which of the following best describes Piet Oudolf’s gardens? A. Traditional. B. Odd-looking. C. Tasteful. D. Well-protected. 31. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. The future of gardening is WILD B. Nature treats all lives as EQUALS C. Matrix gardens need more CARE D. Old garden plots work WONDERS 【导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了矩阵式种植方法的理念、起源、发展、原则及其带来的益处。这种种植方法通过精心规划植物组合，减少人工干预，发挥自然的最大作用，从而创建一个自给自足的生态系统，不仅美观，还能显著提升环境效益。 【解析】 28. B。词义猜测题。根据首段第二句“Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing.”以及最后一句中的to garden more like nature does可知，矩阵式种植方法旨在减少人工干预，发挥自然在花园的生长和设计中的更大作用。故Eschewing 应该指减少、摒弃化肥以及园艺电动工具的使用，故选B。 29. D。事实细节题。根据第二段首句“The concept was born when German city planners sought to plant large areas of parkland after World War II in a reproducible way that would need minimal maintenance.”可知，矩阵式种植的目的是开发维护度极低的公园用地。develop low-maintenance parkland 是plant large areas of parkland ...need minimal maintenance 的同义表达，故选D。 30. C。推理判断题。根据第三段中的adding artistic flavors、playing with color and form、Beautiful、enjoy the smallest detail、the sound of grasses、the sculpture of odd-looking seed heads 可知，Piet Oudolf 的花园融入了艺术特色，巧妙运用色彩和形态，四季皆美，细节丰富，具有观赏价值。Tasteful意为“雅致的；有品位的”，是对artistic、Beautiful、enjoy的概括。 31. A。主旨大意题。文章首段开门见山，介绍矩阵式种植方法的理念：减少人工干预，发挥自然的作用。第二、三段介绍这种设计方法的起源和发展，第四段聚焦矩阵式种植的原则“适地适树”，末段分析这种设计方法带来的益处。据此可知，文章旨在介绍一种新型园艺设计方法“矩阵式种植”，A项中WILD 意为“自然生长的”，契合矩阵式种植的理念，故选A。 【2025·八省联考卷】Jim Johnson, a mail carrier, was an institution in the leafy Westmoreland, Westhaven and Westover Hills neighborhoods. just north of downtown Wilmington, where he delivered much more than the mail. He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns(草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise. Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on. In many communities, that trust is won every day when life-saving medicine, greeting cards, social security checks, college acceptance letters-even the bills-appear in mailboxes in front of the houses. After more than three decades, Jim approached his final days on the job much like any other. He drove a boxy postal truck to North DuPont Road for the first unofficial stop of the day. Butch, a dog who belonged to one of the neighbors, was waiting just like every day before. And just like every day before, he got into the jump seat and they were off. On the route, Jim and Butch had become inseparable. Now, the dog and the mailman would ride off to retirement together. At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories. It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us. 24. What do we know about Jim Johnson from the first paragraph? A. He’s open-minded. B. He’s sharp-eyed. C. He’s warm-hearted. D. He’s strong-willed. 25. What does the underlined word “disparaged” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Refused. B. Criticized. C. Investigated. D. Suspended. 26. What did Jim do besides daily delivery on his final days of work? A. He drove Butch to its owner. B. He sent presents to his friends. C. He prepared a retirement party. D. He said goodbye to the neighbors. 27. What is the author’s purpose in writing the text? A. To remember a respected mail carrier. B. To record an unforgettable experience. C. To raise funds for the postal service. D. To call for harmony in the community. 【答案】24. C 25. B 26. D 27. A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了邮递员吉姆·约翰逊在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。 24. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“He knew all the kids and their pets by name; he carried in the groceries; he took note of unlocked doors, offered gardening advice, and taught more than a few young boys the art of the curveball. When he wasn't doing all that, Jim was running across a checkerboard of green lawns (草坪) to ensure the local postal service did not fall short of its daily promise.(他知道所有孩子和他们宠物的名字；他把杂货搬进来；他注意到那些没锁的门，提供园艺方面的建议，还教了几个小男孩曲球的艺术。当他不做这些事情的时候，吉姆会跑过棋盘状的绿色草坪，以确保当地的邮政服务不会达不到每天的承诺)”可推知，吉姆·约翰逊是一个热心肠的人。故选C项。 25.词句猜测题。根据划线单词句“Though the postal service is often disparaged now, the trust in local postal service lives on.(虽然邮政服务现在经常disparaged，但人们对当地邮政服务的信任仍然存在)”可知，前后句是转折关系，后半句说对当地邮政服务的信任依然存在，那么前半句应该是说邮政服务现在常被批评，由此表明，邮政服务经常被看不起或批评。由此可知，划线词disparaged与“Criticized(批评)”意思相近。故选B项。 26.细节理解题。根据第三段中“At every stop, Jim accepted the parting good wishes of families that had become his own. There were tears and laughter, and hugs filled with warm memories.(每到一站，吉姆都会接受那些已经成为他自己的家人的告别祝福。有泪水，有欢笑，有充满温暖回忆的拥抱)”可知，吉姆在工作的最后几天除了每天送货外，还向邻居们告别。故选D项。 27. 推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段“It’s been 33 years since Jim left the route, but we are still reminded of the deep bond established between community and letter carrier. That’s what the postal service means to us.(吉姆离开这条路线已经33年了，但我们仍然记得社区和邮递员之间建立的深厚联系。这就是邮政服务对我们的意义)”可知，文章主要讲述了吉姆·约翰逊这位邮递员在工作中热心帮助邻里，与大家建立了深厚感情，在他退休33年后，作者依然记得他，表达了对他的怀念。由此推知，作者写这篇文章的目的是纪念一位受人尊敬的邮递员。故选A项。 【类型三：猜测词义题名校好题调研】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东临沂·期末）In October 2020, the United Nations Global Biodiversity Outlook announced that no government had met a single target to stop biodiversity loss in the last decade. Examples include rising deforestation and declining bee populations. To succeed in conserving biodiversity, we must first expand our understanding of biodiversity. Biodiversity conversations tend to focus on certain plants and animals while ignoring others. People often regard trees and bees as the foundation of nature. For conservation campaigns, it pays —literally — to be a large mammal that people can easily identify with or a species that seems directly useful to humans. We also try to protect species with obvious commercial interest, such as tuna and the honeybee. Viewing biodiversity too narrowly does more harm than good. Many species are too small, too few, too ugly, or still undiscovered for us to notice them. Let’s not make these the reasons why they are overlooked. Pollinators (传粉者) are an essential part of biodiversity: Up to 90%of plants rely on animals for pollination, with bees often springing to mind. Yet, pollinators are much more than bees. There are about 20, 000 species of bees out of 350, 000 known pollinators. In Europe, honeybees are important for crops production. However, in warmer climates, plants like the fig tree rely on specific wasps and moths (飞蛾) for pollination. If we consider the most important pollinator in terms of pollinator diversity, moths and butterflies, with more than 140, 000 species, win the title. But we shouldn’t be asking which are the most important, or the most numerous. No single pollinator can get the job done. We need a variety of pollinators to support our ecosystems. Taking a narrow view of biodiversity hides nature’s true wonder. Instead, we should appreciate species not through a human-centered lens, but rather as equally cynical parts of incredible, complex and life-giving systems. All species deserve recognition. It is only then that we will be able to safeguard nature. 1．Which can best explain the underlined “pays” in paragraph 2? A．Brings advantage. B．Benefits nature. C．Makes profits. D．Faces risks. 2．Why are moths and butterflies mentioned? A．To stress their role in pollination. B．To highlight their beauty and diversity. C．To show their superior importance over bees. D．To prove biodiversity goes beyond mere quantity. 3．What can be inferred from the last paragraph? A．Biodiversity serves as the foundation of nature. B．All species play an essential role in ecosystems. C．A human-centered view leads to biodiversity loss. D．Identifying all species is the key to protecting nature. 4．What is main idea of the text? A．Endangered species call for conservation efforts. B．A broader view of biodiversity conservation is needed. C．Human activities are the primary causes of biodiversity loss. D．Governments struggle to meet biodiversity conservation targets. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过举例说明了生物多样性中传粉者的重要性，并指出不应仅从人类中心主义的角度看待物种，而应认识到所有物种都是生态系统中不可或缺的部分，呼吁人们以更广阔的视角看待和保护生物多样性。 1．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“For conservation campaigns, it pays —literally — to be a large mammal that people can easily identify with or a species that seems directly useful to humans. We also try to protect species with obvious commercial interest, such as tuna and the honeybee.( 对于保护运动来说，成为一种人们很容易识别的大型哺乳动物，或者是一种似乎对人类直接有用的物种，是……的。我们还要努力保护具有明显商业利益的物种，如金枪鱼和蜜蜂)”可知，对于保护运动来说，从字面上讲，成为一个人们容易认同的大型哺乳动物，或者一个对人类似乎有直接用处的物种，是“值得的”。我们还要努力保护那些具有明显商业利益的物种，如金枪鱼和蜜蜂。划线词后的破折号表示解释说明，从后文可知此处指的是“有好处，有优势”，A项“Brings advantage(带来优势)”，符合题意。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段中的“ If we consider the most important pollinator in terms of pollinator diversity, moths and butterflies, with more than 140, 000 species, win the title. But we shouldn’t be asking which are the most important, or the most numerous. No single pollinator can get the job done. We need a variety of pollinators to support our ecosystems.(如果从传粉者多样性的角度来考虑最重要的传粉者，那么拥有 14 万多种的蛾类和蝴蝶将摘得桂冠。但我们不应该问哪种传粉者最重要，或者哪种数量最多。没有哪一种传粉者可以独自完成传粉工作。我们需要多种多样的传粉者来支撑我们的生态系统。)”可知，没有单一的传粉者能完成传粉这项工作。我们需要各种各样的传粉者来支持我们的生态系统，此处提到蛾子和蝴蝶是为了强调它们在传粉中的作用。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Taking a narrow view of biodiversity hides nature’s true wonder. Instead, we should appreciate species not through a human-centered lens, but rather as equally cynical parts of incredible, complex and life-giving systems. All species deserve recognition. It is only then that we will be able to safeguard nature.( 狭隘地看待生物多样性掩盖了自然界的真正奇妙之处。相反，我们应该从非人类中心的角度去欣赏物种，而是把它们视为令人难以置信的、复杂的、赋予生命的系统中同样重要的组成部分。所有物种都应该得到认可。只有这样，我们才能保护自然。)”可知，我们不应仅从人类中心主义的角度看待物种，而应认识到所有物种都是生态系统中不可或缺的部分，呼吁人们以更广阔的视角看待和保护生物多样性。由此可推知，所有物种在生态系统中都发挥着重要作用，故选B。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“To succeed in conserving biodiversity, we must first expand our understanding of biodiversity.( 要成功保护生物多样性，我们首先要扩大对生物多样性的理解。)”以及通读全文可知，文章说明了保护生物多样性首先要扩大对生物多样性的理解，因为狭隘地看待生物多样性不仅无益反而有害，以蜜蜂为例，传粉者远不止蜜蜂，所有物种都应该得到认可，只有这样才能保护自然，由此可知，“A broader view of biodiversity conservation is needed.(需要更广泛地看待生物多样性保护)”能够概括文章主要内容。故选B。 【调研02】（24-25高二上·河北保定·阶段练习）“Big Tree,” an old southern live oak, sits in a park just outside Orlando’s business district. It’s been struck by lightning at least three times and has survived many hurricanes — and it grew from a seed around the same time Juan Ponce de León’s ship first landed on Florida’s eastern coast. Over 400 years old, the tree is so impressive that members of a Michigan-based nonprofit flew to Orlando in February to climb the tree and cut branches and leaves. The researchers are now in the midst of the process to grow new roots from the cuttings. The reason: To clone the historic tree, store its DNA and plant potentially thousands of cloned trees across the Southeast. In order to clone an ancient tree, researchers must climb it to find a piece of live tissue. The freshly cut branches and leaves are taken to the group’s lab in Michigan, where, in climate-controlled rooms, researchers work to promote growth from the cuttings. The most common method is by rooted cuttings. In this method, a tip of a tree’s branch is dipped (蘸) into hormones, placed into a foam plug (泡沫塞) and set inside a mist room. Then, the waiting begins. A sign of life can take several months to a year to show, if one comes at all. In another method called tissue culture, researchers take a quarter-inch of branch, dip it into a mixture made up of a dozen hormones and other chemicals, seal (密封) it in a container and wait to see whether it will grow roots. Experts lauded the group for its creative methods and reproduction in large numbers, but they doubt whether the clones will grow as the originals do. Scott Merkle, a professor of forest biology at the University of Georgia, said, “There are so many variables that there’s no certainty that they will be able to survive and perform better than other trees that you plant on the same land”. He added that the age of historic trees makes them difficult to study. “I think it’s a great thing that they’ re doing. I just don’t know how realistic it is.” 1．According to the passage, what do the researchers aim to do? A．To study the reason for the survival of “Big Tree”. B．To save thousands of trees across the Southeast. C．To analyse the effects of climate on tree growth. D．To clone an ancient tree from its original. 2．What do we know about the two methods mentioned in paragraph 4? A．Tissue culture is the most frequently used method. B．There is a chance that the branch will fail to grow roots. C．In the first method the live tissue is sealed in a container. D．A mixture of hormones and other chemicals is needed in both methods. 3．What does the underlined word “lauded” in paragraph 5 mean? A．Praised. B．Met. C．Joined. D．Contacted. 4．What’s Scott Merkle’s attitude to the group’s work? A．Doubtful. B．Positive. C．Cautious. D．Unclear. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了研究人员正尝试克隆一棵有400多年历史的南方生命橡树“大树”的过程、方法及专家对此的看法。他们采集了这棵树的枝条和叶子，试图培育出新的根系以克隆这棵树，并大量繁殖，但专家对克隆树能否像原树一样生长持怀疑态度。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The researchers are now in the midst of the process to grow new roots from the cuttings. The reason: To clone the historic tree, store its DNA and plant potentially thousands of cloned trees across the Southeast.(研究人员目前正在从插枝上培育新根。原因是：为了克隆这棵历史悠久的树，储存它的DNA，并在东南部种植数千棵克隆树)”可知，研究人员的目的是从原树中克隆一棵古树。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The most common method is by rooted cuttings. In this method, a tip of a tree’s branch is dipped (蘸) into hormones, placed into a foam plug (泡沫塞) and set inside a mist room. Then, the waiting begins. A sign of life can take several months to a year to show, if one comes at all. (最常用的方法是插枝。在这种方法中，将树枝的尖端浸入激素中，放入泡沫塞中，并置于雾室中。然后，等待开始了。生命的迹象可能需要几个月到一年的时间才能显现出来，如果有的话。)”以及“ In another method called tissue culture, researchers take a quarter-inch of branch, dip it into a mixture made up of a dozen hormones and other chemicals, seal(密封) it in a container and wait to see whether it will grow roots.(在另一种被称为组织培养的方法中，研究人员取出四分之一英寸的树枝，将其浸入由十几种激素和其他化学物质组成的混合物中，将其密封在容器中，等待它是否会长出根。)”可知，第一种方法中生命的迹象可能需要几个月到一年的时间才能显现出来；第二种方法中，研究人员需要等待它是否会长出根，即表示研究人员不确定其是否会长出根。由此推断，这两种方法中，树枝有可能无法生长出根，存在无法成功克隆的可能性。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据划线单词所在句子“Experts… the group for its creative methods and reproduction in large numbers, but they doubt whether the clones will grow as the originals do. (专家们对该组织的创新方法和大量繁殖表示……，但他们怀疑克隆体是否会像原代植物那样生长。)”中的 but可知，前后是转折关系，虽然专家们对克隆体是否会像原代植物那样生长表示怀疑，但是他们对该组织的创新方法和大量繁殖表示称赞，划线单词表示“称赞”，与A项“Praised.(赞美)”意思相近。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段 Scott Merkle 所说的话“ “There are so many variables that there’s no certainty that they will be able to survive and perform better than other trees that you plant on the same land”(“有太多的变量，无法确定它们是否能够存活下来，并且比你在同一块土地上种植的其他树木表现得更好。”)”以及“He added that the age of historic trees makes them difficult to study. “I think it’s a great thing that they’re doing. I just don’t know how realistic it is.”(他补充说，古树的年龄使得研究它们变得困难。“我认为他们正在做的事情很棒。我只是不知道这有多现实。”)”可知，ScottMerkle对这一团队的工作表示赞美，同时他也表示了自己的担忧即因为有太多的变量，所以不确定该研究的结果，由此可推知，他的态度是谨慎的。故选C。 【调研03】（24-25高三上·安徽黄山·期末）This autumn, pupils in the Finnish town of Riihimaki headed back to school with backpacks full of books. This marks a change from recent years. For the past 10 years, the Finnish government has pushed laptops and other electronic devices in the classroom. Finland’s public education system is known for its good results and its readiness to try new teaching methods. Until recently many schools gave laptops for free to all pupils from as early as age 11. But Finnish parents and teachers have become increasingly worried about the influence of screens on children. Riihimaki, a town of about 30,000 people, which since 2018 had stopped using most books in middle schools, is trying something different this year: going back to pen and paper. “Young people are using phones and electronic devices so much these days that we don’t want school to be one of the places where children are only fixing their eyes on screens. The perturbation that comes with the use of electronic devices makes many children unable to give their full attention to learning,” said Maija Kaunonen, a local English teacher. She added, “Most students just did the exercises as quickly as they could so they could then move on to using social media. And it took them no time at all to change tabs in the browser. So when the teacher came round to them, they could say, ‘Yes, I was doing this exercise.’” Across Finland, children’s learning results have been slowly getting worse in recent years. In answer, the government plans new laws to ban the use of personal devices, such as phones, during school hours to cut down on screen time. Eighth-graders Miko Mantil a said her concentration has improved since books returned to the classrooms. “Reading is much easier and I can read much faster from books.” Minna Peltopuro, a psychologist working with the town on the change, said the total screen time should be cut because Finnish students now look at a screen for up to six hours each day on average. She added that too much use of electronic devices comes with both physical and mental risks, such as eye problems and growing anxiety, and the brain is at risk when trying to do more than one thing at a time. 1．What changes have occurred in Riihimiki’s schools recently? A．They have replaced laptops with textbooks. B．They have started using more electronic devices. C．They have introduced a different teaching method. D．They have adopted a new public education system. 2．What does the underlined word “perturbation” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Convenience. B．Disturbance. C．Challenge. D．Popularity. 3．What is Minna Peltopuro’s attitude to the average screen time for Finnish students? A．Worried. B．Doubtful. C．Unconcerned. D．Supportive. 4．What is the purpose of writing this text? A．To discuss the future of Finnish education. B．To persuade schools to stop using electronic devices. C．To inform readers about the changes in Finnish education. D．To compare the traditional education method with the modern one. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要说明了芬兰的Riihimaki镇今年开始重新使用纸质的教科书，取代了笔记本电脑。文章解释了这一举措背后的原因。 1．细节理解题。根据第三段“Riihimaki, a town of about 30,000 people, which since 2018 had stopped using most books in middle schools, is trying something different this year: going back to pen and paper.( Riihimaki是一个约有3万人口的小镇，自2018年以来，该镇已经停止在中学使用大多数书籍，今年正在尝试一些不同的东西：回到纸和笔)”可知，Riihimiki的学校最近用教科书取代了电脑，故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“comes with the use of electronic devices makes many children unable to give their full attention to learning(随着电子设备的使用，许多孩子不能把全部注意力放在学习上)”可知，随着电子设备的使用，许多孩子不能把全部注意力放在学习上，即电子设备带来了干扰。故划线词意思是“干扰”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Minna Peltopuro, a psychologist working with the town on the change, said the total screen time should be cut because Finnish students now look at a screen for up to six hours each day on average. She added that too much use of electronic devices comes with both physical and mental risks, such as eye problems and growing anxiety, and the brain is at risk when trying to do more than one thing at a time.(与该镇一起研究这一变化的心理学家Minna Peltopuro说，总屏幕时间应该减少，因为芬兰学生现在平均每天看屏幕的时间长达6个小时。她补充说，过度使用电子设备会带来身体和精神上的风险，比如眼睛问题和日益加剧的焦虑，而且当一次尝试做多件事时，大脑也会面临风险)”可知，Minna Peltopuro对芬兰学生的平均屏幕时间担心态度。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“This autumn, pupils in the Finnish town of Riihimaki headed back to school with backpacks full of books. This marks a change from recent years.(今年秋天，芬兰Riihimaki镇的学生们背着装满书的书包返校。这标志着近年来的变化)”以及文章主要说明了芬兰的Riihimaki镇今年开始重新使用纸质的教科书，取代了笔记本电脑。文章解释了这一举措背后的原因。可知，写这篇文章的目的是告知读者芬兰教育的变化。故选C。 【调研04】（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）It is not easy to capture the attention of hundreds of thousands of people, yet, in October 2022, the act of two teens throwing soup at a painting has gained mass recognition online. These teens tended to use this attention to courageously convey an important message: it is time for the world to wake up and stop climate change. These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause. However, the majority of viewers did not respond as expected with some even labeling it a “childish tantrum”. One of the viewers criticized: “there were several ways to get a point crossed. Making a statement with an attempt to ruin or intent of damage to property that is not yours is the silly thing.” “A more productive form of climate change protest would be one that seems more mature in which the audiences and protesters are in the same boat.” He added later. A thoughtful climate protesters should be the ones who adopt more rational ways such as deliver public speeches, which emphasize how climate change is directly affecting public lives including how more and more extreme heat events and deaths are caused by human action, or how our climate will face irreversible (不可逆转的) global warming without preventive measures, start a movement on social media, or implement a climate change curriculum in schools to spread awareness in a more organized manner. That way, people will effectively learn about climate change and respect the information instead of looking down upon them. Moving forward, climate protesters should strive to communicate the urgency of climate change to empower others to take action for the common good rather than do ruins. 1．What can be learned about the two teens from the first two paragraphs? A．They gained recognition on social media for themselves. B．They adopted a childish way to arouse people’s support. C．A minority of viewers didn’t respond as they expected. D．Their initial goal and actions were in the same boat with viewers. 2．The phrase “childish tantrum” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to__________ . A．a reasonable action B．an immature outburst C．a well-planned strategy D．a meaningful behavior 3．Which of the following may not be included in a public speech according to the passage? A．The effect of climate change on public lives. B．The urgency of climate change to take action. C．The irreversible global warming without measures. D．Online movements and climate change curriculums. 4．What can be a suitable title for the passage? A．Teens’ Protest: A Proper Behavior B．Climate Change: An Urgent Concern C．Climate Impact: An Inevitable Topic D．Climate Change Protest: A rational Action 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文中是关于2022年10月两名青少年向名画泼汤来抗议气候变化的论述。文章主要说明了由不理性的抗议方式引发思考，认为气候抗议的方式应当理性、考虑周到。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“These teens tended to use this attention to courageously convey an important message: it is time for the world to wake up and stop climate change. These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause. However, the majority of viewers did not respond as expected with some even labeling it a “childish tantrum”.(这些青少年倾向于利用这种关注勇敢地传达一个重要信息：世界是时候觉醒并阻止气候变化了。这两位气候抗议者的目的是激怒世界各地的人们来支持他们的事业。然而，大多数观众的反应并不像预期的那样，有些人甚至将其称为“孩子气的发脾气”)”可知，这两个青少年采用幼稚的方式来唤起人们的支持。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第二段“These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause.(这两位气候抗议者的目的是激怒世界各地的人们来支持他们的事业)”以及最后一句中的However，表明前后句意思相反，并且结合第一段中用汤泼画的行为可知，这两位气候抗议者的目的是激怒世界各地的人们来支持他们的事业，然而，大多数观众的反应并不像预期的那样，有些人甚至将其称为“情绪不成熟的发脾气”。故可推测划线单词的意思是“情绪不成熟的爆发”。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段“A thoughtful climate protesters should be the ones who adopt more rational ways such as deliver public speeches, which emphasize how climate change is directly affecting public lives including how more and more extreme heat events and deaths are caused by human action, or how our climate will face irreversible (不可逆转的) global warming without preventive measures, start a movement on social media, or implement a climate change curriculum in schools to spread awareness in a more organized manner.(有思想的气候抗议者应该采取更理性的方式，比如通过公开演讲，强调气候变化如何直接影响公众生活，比如人类活动导致越来越多的极端高温事件和死亡，或者如果没有预防措施，我们的气候将如何面临不可逆转的全球变暖，在社交媒体上发起运动，或者在学校里实施气候变化课程，以更有组织的方式传播意识)”可知，在线运动和气候变化课程不包括在公开演讲中。故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据第三段“A more productive form of climate change protest would be one that seems more mature in which the audiences and protesters are in the same boat.(一种更有成效的气候变化抗议形式应该是一种看起来更成熟的形式，即观众和抗议者站在同一条船上)”以及文章主要说明了由不理性的抗议方式引发思考，认为气候抗议的方式应当理性、考虑周到。故D选项“气候变化抗议：一种理性的行动”最符合文章标题。故选D。 【调研05】（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Despite being born without hands, 12-year-old Aubrey Sauvie has never let limitations hold her back. From mastering martial arts (武术) to expressing herself through art, she advances bravely in a world that often prioritizes physical ability. However, her passion for drumming presented a special barrier: how could she hold the drumsticks without slipping out? Aware of Aubrey’s problem, her band director proposed her for Tech Engineering for Kids, a program which is run through a junior-level engineering course of the Tennessee Tech University. It involves students working in teams to design a form of custom assistive technology for children with special needs. Up to now, they have created toys and devices for children with sensory disorder. Learning about Aubrey’s story, a team of ten engineering students of the program decided to create 3D-printed prostheses (义肢) specifically designed for drumming. They would send a certain design to Aubrey, who would then provide feedback, like “I think this is good, but it's a little bit long. Could it be shortened?’ or “It’s a little bit hot on my arm. Could you potentially, like, make it a little bit more breathable?” The team created about six iterations of the prostheses until they were satisfied with the final product, which was not only hard-wearing but also flexible, allowing for drumstick attachments on both arms. This innovation not only improved sound quality but also provided the flexibility needed for advanced drumming techniques. Aubrey was very grateful for this technical solution. “I was really excited that I was going to be able to use the new prostheses and try them out,” she remarked. “They are becoming a very useful and resourceful tool to help me with my drumming.” With her newfound drumming freedom, Aubrey sets her sights on mastering a full drum set. Meanwhile. Tech Engineering for Kids readies itself to extend its reach, bridging the gap between limitations and ambitions through technology. 1．What troubles Aubrey a lot? A．Lacking passion for sports. B．Owning no talent for music. C．Inaccessibility to expert training. D．Inability to operate an instrument. 2．What is Tech Engineering for Kids intended to do? A．Offer engineering courses. B．Design sustainable devices. C．Create personalized adaptive tools. D．Improve overall users’ experience. 3．Which can replace the underlined word “iterations” in Paragraph 3? A．Uses. B．Versions. C．Materials. D．Kinds. 4．What does the text mainly tell us? A．Limitation brings down people’ creativity. B．Ambition fuels the desires of the disabled. C．Science breaks down the barriers among people. D．Technology empowers people to pursue dreams. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述天生无手的奥布里热爱打鼓却握不住鼓槌，工程团队为其设计3D假肢，助她逐梦，体现技术赋能梦想。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, her passion for drumming presented a special barrier: how could she hold the drumsticks without slipping out?(然而，她对打鼓的热情却遇到了一个特殊的障碍：她怎样才能握住鼓槌而不滑落呢？)”可知，奥布里困扰的是无法操作打鼓这一乐器。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It involves students working in teams to design a form of custom assistive technology for children with special needs.(它让学生们以团队形式为有特殊需求的儿童设计一种定制的辅助技术。)”可知，“Tech Engineering for Kids”旨在为有特殊需求的孩子设计个性化的适应性工具。故选C项。 3．词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句“The team created about six iterations of the prostheses until they were satisfied with the final product, which was not only hard-wearing but also flexible, allowing for drumstick attachments on both arms.(这个团队制作了大约六个____的假肢，直到他们对最终产品感到满意，这个最终产品不仅耐用而且灵活，能够在两只手臂上安装鼓槌。)”以及前文提到奥布里会对设计给出反馈，如长度、透气性等，可推知团队是在不断改进设计，这里指制作了六个不同“版本”的假肢，最后一个版本才灵活耐用，令人满意。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，12 岁的奥布里天生没有双手，对打鼓的热爱却因无法握住鼓槌受阻，“Tech Engineering for Kids”项目的学生团队通过技术为她设计出合适的假肢，助力她追逐打鼓梦想，并根据最后一段最后一句“Meanwhile. Tech Engineering for Kids readies itself to extend its reach, bridging the gap between limitations and ambitions through technology.(与此同时，‘Tech Engineering for Kids’准备扩大其影响力，通过技术弥合限制与抱负之间的差距。)”可知，文章主要讲述了技术赋予人们追求梦想的力量。故选D项。 【调研06】（24-25高三上·山西吕梁·期末）“Sandy wind, is blowing over the shed... Sheep in the pen, are circling restlessly...” This is a folk song that people used to sing in counties like Awat along the Taklimakan Desert in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Simple lyrics reflect the bitter life they’ve had to suffer from sand and dust storms striking in from time to time. But not long ago, a new milestone appeared in the long battle with desertification. On Nov. 28th, the last desert rose was planted into the sandy soil, completing the final stretch of the 3,046-km-long sand-blocking green belt surrounding the Taklimakan Desert. Therefore, China’ s largest and the world’s second-largest shifting sand desert now wears a “green scarf.” Given the vastness of the Taklimakan Desert, not to mention its high-speed winds and severe droughts, building the world’ s longest ecological barrier to encircle this desert is no easy task. During the difficult exploration of controlling desertification, people gradually found that adopting proper methods according to local geographical features is the effective solution. Over time, people living at the brink of the Taklimakan Desert noticed that sand storms have become less frequent, the environment has improved, and yields have been bettered in their farmlands. China is one of the countries that suffer most from desertification. Now, reduction has been realized in both desertification and sandification. For China, the green scarf of the Taklimakan Desert also signifies a new start. For “Our Land” and “Our Future,” one can be hopeful to see more stories about human-desert harmony and humanity-nature harmony. 1．Why is the folk song mentioned in Paragraph 1? A．To introduce a song which is popular. B．To show how simple the lyrics are. C．To explain why wind is so violent. D．To reflect the local people’s hard life. 2．What does the underlined phrase “a new milestone” refer to in Paragraph 2? A．The last desert rose. B．The sand-blocking green belt. C．The economic barrier. D．The shifting sand desert. 3．Which of the following best describes China’ s efforts to reduce desertification? A．Unsatisfying. B．Inefficient. C．Productive. D．Joint. 4．What’s the passage mainly about? A．The Taklimakan Desert wears a “Green Scarf”. B．Various methods have been adopted to monitor sandification. C．The Taklimakan Desert will disappear very soon. D．China has made great progress in controlling desertification. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了中国完成了环绕塔克拉玛干沙漠3046公里的防沙绿化带最后一段。因此，中国最大、世界第二大流沙沙漠现在戴上了“绿围巾”。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Simple lyrics reflect the sour life they've had to suffer from sand and dust storms striking in from time to time.(简单的歌词唱出了当地人饱受风沙之苦的心酸。)”可知，第一段提到这首民歌是为了反映当地人民的艰苦生活。故选D项。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线短语下文的句子“On Nov. 28th, the last desert rose was planted into the sandy soil, completing the final stretch of the 3,046-km-long sand-blocking green belt surrounding the Taklimakan Desert. Therefore, China’ s largest and the world’s second-largest shifting sand desert now wears a “green scarf.”(11月28日，最后一朵沙漠玫瑰栽进了沙土，完成了环绕塔克拉玛干沙漠3046公里的防沙绿化带的最后一段。因此，中国最大、世界第二大流沙沙漠现在戴上了“绿围巾”。)”可知，此处的里程碑指的是环绕塔克拉玛干沙漠3046公里的防沙绿化带的完成，由此可知，a new milestone指的是“防沙绿化带”。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段“Over time, people living at the brink of the Taklimakan Desert noticed that sand storms have become less frequent, the environment has improved, and yields have been bettered in their farmlands.(渐渐地生活在沙漠边缘的人们发现，风沙少了，环境好了，田地里收成也增加了很多。)”以及最后一段“Now, reduction has been realized in both desertification and sandification.(现在，沙漠化和沙化都实现了减少。)”可知，中国在减少沙漠化方面的努力富有成效，故选C项。 4．主旨大意题。本文是一篇新闻报道，主要报道了中国完成了环绕塔克拉玛干沙漠3046公里的防沙绿化带最后一段。因此，中国最大、世界第二大流沙沙漠现在戴上了“绿围巾”。所以，A项“The Taklimakan Desert wears a “Green Scarf”.(塔克拉玛干沙漠披上“绿围巾”)”可以概括本文的主要内容。故选A项。 【调研07】（24-25高三上·安徽阜阳·期末）Last summer, I was assigned to take photos that could communicate the urgency of climate change in northern Canada. When I arrived at an abandoned village on Resolute Bay, I scanned the shore with my camera. Suddenly, I spotted a bear lying on the ground. It didn’t move for almost an hour. But when it finally stood up, I had to catch my breath. The bear’s once strong body was just skin and bones; every step that it took was painfully slow. When I posted the photos on the social media, I wrote, “This is what starvation may look like. I wonder whether the global population of 25,000 polar bears would die the way this bear is dying.” I did not say that this particular bear was killed by climate change. But news organizations around the world focused on it. The first line of the story published in National Geographic read, “This is what climate change looks like” — with “climate change” highlighted in yellow. Other news agencies even adopted more dramatic headlines. It was estimated that my photos had been read by about 2.5 billion people around the world. But there was a problem: Most people and the news agencies didn’t pick up or misunderstood the real message I tried to send with them. Many people expressed gratitude that I’d provided shocking evidence on climate change, while others who are still trying to deny the existence of climate change accused me of spreading false information. Perhaps I had made a mistake in not telling the full story — that I was looking for pictures that might foretell the future and that I didn’t know what had happened to this particular polar bear. I can’t say that this bear was starving because of climate change, but I am happy that my photos have moved the conversation about climate change to the forefront, where it must remain until this problem is solved. Until then, when I come across a scene like this one, I will again share with the world—and take pains to be sure that my intention is clear. 1．How did the author feel when the bear stood up? A．Shocked. B．Scared. C．Amused. D．Relieved. 2．What does the underlined word “it” in paragraph 3 refer to? A．The story. B．The photo. C．The starving bear. D．Climate change. 3．Why did the author share those photos? A．To provide more direct evidence on climate change. B．To show the link between the bear and climate change. C．To warn of the possible consequences of climate change. D．To expose the false information about climate change. 4．What is the best title for the text? A．How to admit mistakes B．My misunderstood intention C．How to please readers D．My amazing tour 【答案】1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者拍摄一张北极熊的照片引发了对气候变化讨论的故事。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“But when it finally stood up, I had to catch my breath. The bear’s once strong body was just skin and bones; every step that it took was painfully slow.(但当它终于站起来时，我不得不屏住呼吸。这只熊曾经强壮的身体只剩下皮包骨；它走的每一步都痛苦地缓慢。)”可知，当这只熊站起来时，作者看到它瘦骨嶙峋、步履维艰的样子，感到非常震惊。故选A。 2．词句猜测题。根据上文“I did not say that this particular bear was killed by climate change(我并没有说这只熊是被气候变化杀死的。)”和下文“The first line of the story published in National Geographic read, “This is what climate change looks like” — with “climate change” highlighted in yellow.(这篇发表在《国家地理》杂志上的文章的第一句话是：“这就是气候变化的样子”——其中“气候变化”用黄色突出显示。)”可知，这些新闻机构的关注点都是“气候变化”，由此可知，it指代上文提到的“climate change”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“Last summer, I was assigned to take photos that could communicate the urgency of climate change in northern Canada.(去年夏天，我被指派拍摄一些照片，以传达加拿大北部气候变化的紧迫性。)”和第五段“that I was looking for pictures that might foretell the future.(我在寻找可能预示未来的图片)”可知，作者分享这些照片是为了警告人们气候变化可能带来的严重后果。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。文章主要讲述了作者拍摄的北极熊照片引发了全球关注，但作者的真正意图却被误解的故事，由此可知，选项B“我被误解的意图”最能概括文章主旨，适合作为本文标题。故选B。 【调研08】（24-25高三上·山东济宁·期末）“What’s special about our species?” is a question scientists have wrestled with for centuries. Now an evolutionary anthropologist Thomas Morgan has a new theory that could change the way we perceive ourselves, and the world. “It was basically accepted that it was the ability of human culture — the shared body of knowledge passed down across generations — to accumulate (累积) and evolve that made us special, but our new discoveries are challenging that and forcing us to rethink what makes us as a species unique,” said Morgan. Just as humans pass on knowledge to our children, when a new queen leafcutter ant hatches, she collects a little mouthful of her mother’s genetic material to start a new family. Even locusts use complex evolving systems to adapt to local conditions, relying on epigenetic changes — how factors like age and environment can change gene activity without changing DNA sequence (序列) — to quickly evolve between green or yellow-and-black forms based on overpopulation. So, if animals do have evolving cultures, then what’s special about human culture? Morgan pointed out that we humans are so special because of our “open-endedness” — our ability to communicate and understand an infinite number of possibilities in life, whereas animals’ inability to easily imagine complicated sequences or subgoals limits their way of thinking. “For example, when I’m making my boys’ breakfast in the morning, it’s a nested, multi-step process. First, I need to get the bowls and pots and other equipment. Then I put the ingredients in the pot, all in the right amounts and order, cook it, monitoring temperature until it reaches the right consistency, and then serve it up. Each of these steps is a subgoal. This complex procedure is hard for animals to interpret,” said Morgan. When it comes to the limit of this system, human brains just keep going, which allows us to perform a near-infinite set of behaviors — this is open-endedness. 1．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．The human culture. B．The common belief. C．The latest discovery. D．The new species. 2．What can be learned in paragraph 3? A．The fittest are likely to survive best. B．DNA’ s sequence is basically unstable. C．Culture accumulation isn’t exclusive to humans. D．Parents attach importance to children’ s education. 3．Why does Morgan cite the breakfast-making example? A．To display his superb cooking skills. B．To explain the complexity of cooking. C．To stress the importance of goal-setting. D．To show animals’ struggle with subgoals. 4．Which can best describe the core of human open-endedness? A．Orderly. B．Boundless. C．Consistent. D．Inclusive. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了新的研究发现动物也有不断进行的文化，说明了人类文化的特别之处以及特点。 1．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“It was basically accepted that it was the ability of human culture — the shared body of knowledge passed down across generations — to accumulate (累积) and evolve that made us special, but our new discoveries are challenging(人们基本上认为，是人类文化的能力——代代相传的共同知识体系——积累和进化使我们与众不同，但我们的新发现正在挑战)”可知，but表示转折，上文提到人们普遍信念是人类文化的能力——代代相传的共同知识体系——积累和进化使我们与众不同，但是新发现挑战了这一普遍信念。故that指的是“普遍的信念”。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“Just as humans pass on knowledge to our children, when a new queen leafcutter ant hatches, she collects a little mouthful of her mother’s genetic material to start a new family. Even locusts use complex evolving systems to adapt to local conditions, relying on epigenetic changes — how factors like age and environment can change gene activity without changing DNA sequence (序列) — to quickly evolve between green or yellow-and-black forms based on overpopulation.(就像人类把知识传给我们的孩子一样，当一只新的切叶蚁蚁后孵化出来时，它会收集一小口母亲的遗传物质来组建一个新的家庭。即使是蝗虫也使用复杂的进化系统来适应当地条件，依靠表观遗传变化——年龄和环境等因素如何在不改变DNA序列的情况下改变基因活性——在种群过剩的基础上快速进化成绿色或黄黑相间的形式)”可知，蚂蚁和蝗虫也可以积累文化，即文化积累不是人类独有的。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Morgan pointed out that we humans are so special because of our “open-endedness” — our ability to communicate and understand an infinite number of possibilities in life, whereas animals’ inability to easily imagine complicated sequences or subgoals limits their way of thinking.(摩根指出，我们人类之所以如此特别，是因为我们的“开放性”——我们有能力沟通和理解生活中无数的可能性，而动物无法轻易想象复杂的序列或子目标，这限制了它们的思维方式)”可知，摩根引用做早餐的例子是为了展示动物在子目标上的挣扎。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“When it comes to the limit of this system, human brains just keep going, which allows us to perform a near-infinite set of behaviors— this is open-endedness.(当涉及到这个系统的极限时，人类的大脑只是继续前进，这允许我们执行近乎无限的行为集——那就是开放性)”可知，人类开放性的核心是无限的。故选B。 ( 8 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$