重难点19 阅读理解之四大常考语篇类型（综合练）-2025年高考英语【热点•重点•难点】专练（新高考通用）

重难点19 阅读理解之四大常考语篇类型（综合练） 【考点统计】 2022-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2025八省联考卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 【命题趋势】 一、文本语境复杂化,题材专业化 阅读理解C篇和D篇往往是一套试题中最难的,文体一般以社科类说明文和科普类说明文为主,今年的试题文本注入了更多考生不熟悉的新话题、新理念,涉及心理学、哲学、历史学等专业性更强的素材,信息理解难度增加。未来高考阅读试题将会继续出现文学、艺术、历史、经济、科技等主题情境中专业性较强的文章。 二、课标词汇派生词、熟词新义频现,阅读难度陡增 阅读文本及选项中越来越多地出现平时使用频率较低的词汇(通过构词法合成或派生而来的新词、熟词新义、课标外拓展词等),加大了语篇阅读的难度,仅掌握课标词汇的音、形、义、用法和搭配已不能满足备考需求,需转向词汇的深度学习,如构词法、词源义等。 三、聚焦长难句、逻辑思维,凸显考查深层理解能力 鉴于高考阅读文本内容越来越专业,为了更好地将主旨表达清楚,长难句今后很可能变成较难文章的标配。 【思维导图】 考点一：阅读理解应用文高考考向。 年份 卷别 主题 话题 22025 2025浙江1月卷 人与社会 介绍了图书馆间互借服务（ILL） 2025八省联考卷 人与自然 英国东约克郡的四个景点介绍 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 保护生态栖息地恢复小组细节 2024新课标II卷 人与自然 参加卡洛秋季徒步节几种方案 2024全国甲卷 人与社会 艺术节艺术展览艺术制作活动 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与社会 自行车租赁和雇佣导游的细节 2023新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自然 黄石国家公园提供护林员项目 2023全国甲卷 人与社会 开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议 2022 2022新课标I卷 人与社会 介绍了文学概论课程评分办法 2022新课标Ⅱ卷 人与社会 提供儿童发现博物馆的团队游 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍Cardiff当地剧院娱乐场所 2021 2021新课标I卷 人与社会 介绍罗马价格低安全舒适旅馆 2021新课标Ⅱ卷 人与社会 介绍今年夏天约克郡四个活动 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍摄影比赛Take a view概况 2020 2020全国I卷 人与社会 介绍一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事 2020全国II卷 人与自然 介绍景点特色及地点和参观时间 2020全国III卷 人与社会 介绍四个国家回顾过去著名景点 考点二：阅读理解记叙文高考考向。 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025浙江1月卷 人与社会 父母对待孩子饮食的教育方式 2025八省联考卷 人与社会 邮递员与社区的深厚情感 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 中医针灸治疗动物 2024新课标II卷 人与社会 创新打印吸引顾客 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与自然 利用自然自我修复原理净化污水 2023新课标II卷 人与自我 学校科学项目 2023全国甲卷 人与社会 DIY成为女性新宠 2022 2022新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自我 记者生活趣事 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 悉尼发展遇到的问题 2020 2020全国I卷 人与自我 人与社会 逆境完成学业树榜样 书评 2020全国II卷 人与社会 宣传图书馆 2020全国III卷 人与社会 影视作品使用动物 英国多世同堂现象 考点三：阅读理解说明文高考考向。 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025浙江1月卷 人与自然 矩阵式种植方法的理念、起源、原则及益处 2025八省联考卷 人与自我 找到有助于学习的最佳运动时间 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 人与自然 科学记录生物多样性 巴比伦微农场 2024新课标II卷 人与社会 人工智能安全发展 2024全国甲卷 人与社会 人与自然 医疗列车巡回服务 对猫的行为研究 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与社会 人与社会 极简生活方式 群体智慧效应 2023新课标II卷 人与社会 人与自然 纸质书籍和阅读 保护城市野生生态 2023全国甲卷 人与社会 人与自然 书评 保护灰熊新问题 2022 2022新课标I卷 人与社会 人与社会 改善老年人孤独项目 饮食影响语言发展 2022新课标II卷 人与自我 人与社会 体育锻炼有利于心脏 软件应对司机分神 2022全国甲卷 人与自然 凤头鹦鹉会识别形状 2020 2020全国I卷 人与自我 人与自我 人与自我 人与社会 人与自然 孩子玩智力玩具的研究 重新阅读的体会 竞走运动利与弊 影响食物摄入量因素 绿植能代替点灯吗 2020全国II卷 人与自然 妙用海狸鼠 2020全国III卷 人与自我 人类进化适应海洋生活 考点四：阅读理解议论文高考考向。 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025浙江1月卷 人与社会 探讨了技术产品中的性别化现象 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与社会 数字阅读与纸质阅读 2024全国甲卷 人与社会 小说结局引起的思考 2021 2021新课标I卷 人与自我 情商的研究与期望 2021全国甲卷 人与自我 天才有多种形式 （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：阅读理解之应用文】 （24-25高二上·浙江宁波·期末）Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09: 00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09: 00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18: 30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11: 45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 1．Which walk takes the shortest time? A．The Natural World. B．Introduction to Hillwalking. C．Moonlight Under the Stars. D．Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 2．What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A．Join a walking club. B．Bring a survival guide. C．Wear proper clothes. D．Get special permits. 3．What do the four walks have in common? A．They are for experienced walkers. B．They are scheduled for the weekend. C．They share the same start point. D．They involve difficult climbing. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加卡洛秋季徒步节的几种步行方案，及其日期、起点和步行时间等相关细节。 1．细节理解题。根据第一部分“Walk Duration: 6 hours(步行时间：6小时)”；第二部分“步行时间：5小时(Walk Duration: 5 hours)”；第三部分“Walk Duration: 3 hours(步行时间：3小时)”以及最后一部分“Walk Duration: 1.5 hours(步行时间：1.5小时)”可知，Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest时间最短。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章“Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars (步行3——星光下的月光)”部分中的“Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate.(穿着不当的人将被拒绝参加)”可知，第三种步行方案的参与者需要穿合适的衣服。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据四种步行方案中的“Date and Time (日期和时间)”部分比较可知，这四种方案都被安排在周末。故选B。 （24-25高三上·江苏苏州·期末）Silk Roads The Silk Roads were in use for about a thousand years, but this exhibition focuses on a defining period in history. Time witnessed significant connectivity of universal religions that linked communities across continents. The exhibition offers a unique chance to see objects from the silk Roads, from Tang Chinese ceramics (陶艺) for the Middle East ports to Indian garnets (石榴石) found in England. You’ll meet figures whose stories are associated with the Silk Roads, including a legendary Chinese princess who shared silk farming with her new kingdom. Hew Locke: what have we here? In this groundbreaking new show, Locke (born 1959) offers a fresh perspective on the museum’s history and collection. Using interfering techniques, Locke restructures historical objects, from the earliest surviving drawings of native Americans by a European artist to a Guyanese Akawaio feather decoration. Picasso: printmaker The museum holds the UK’s largest collection of Picasso’s prints. It includes a series of 100 etchings (蚀刻版画) made in the 1930s that shows the influence of classical art on Picasso’s work and reflects his chaotic personal life. Picasso’s focus on lithography (平板印刷术) is explored, as is his move to the South of France, marking a change of lifestyle evident in his work, Themes include the circus and love, and Picasso’s interactions on paper with artists from the past, The exhibition ends with a selection from the 347 Suite, which Picasso completed aged 86 in 1968, in a remarkable burst of late creativity. 1．What might visitors see in “Silk Roads”? A．Exhibits about a princess spreading silk to China. B．All the maps of European trade routes in history. C．Tang Chinese ceramics traded along the Silk Roads D．Religious communities exhibitions on silk roads. 2．What can visitors learn about Picasso? A．His early classical and chaotic sketches. B．His printmaking techniques and themes C．His interactions with modern artists. D．All his sculptures and oil paintings. 3．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To analyze British art history. B．To promote UK art tourism. C．To discuss artworks’ impacts. D．To introduce museum exhibitions. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了丝绸之路、Hew Locke展览和毕加索版画展览。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The exhibition offers a unique chance to see objects from the silk Roads, from Tang Chinese ceramics (陶艺) for the Middle East ports to Indian garnets (石榴石) found in England. (这个展览提供了一个独特的机会来观看丝绸之路上的物品，从运往中东港口的唐代中国陶瓷到在英国发现的印度石榴石)”可知，在丝绸之路展览中游客可以看到沿着丝绸之路交易的唐代中国陶瓷。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据Picasso: printmaker部分“It includes a series of 100 etchings (蚀刻版画) made in the 1930s that shows the influence of classical art on Picasso’s work and reflects his chaotic personal life.(其中包括1930年代制作的100幅蚀刻版画系列，这些版画展示了古典艺术对毕加索作品的影响，也反映了他混乱的个人生活)”以及“Themes include the circus and love, and Picasso’s interactions on paper with artists from the past, (主题包括马戏团和爱情，以及毕加索在纸上与过去艺术家的互动)”可知，游客可以了解到毕加索的版画制作技巧和主题。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第一段“The Silk Roads were in use for about a thousand years, but this exhibition focuses on a defining period in history. Time witnessed significant connectivity of universal religions that linked communities across continents. The exhibition offers a unique chance to see objects from the silk Roads, from Tang Chinese ceramics (陶艺) for the Middle East ports to Indian garnets (石榴石) found in England.( 丝绸之路的使用持续了大约一千年，但这次展览聚焦于历史上的一个关键时期。在这段时间里，不同的大陆上的社区通过全球性宗教的显著联系而相互连接。这次展览提供了一个独特的机会，让人们能够看到来自丝绸之路的文物，从运往中东港口的唐代中国陶瓷，到在英国发现的印度石榴石)”、第二段“You’ll meet figures whose stories are associated with the Silk Roads, including a legendary Chinese princess who shared silk farming with her new kingdom(你将遇到一些与丝绸之路相关的故事人物，包括一位与中国公主分享养蚕技术的传奇人物，她将自己的养蚕技术传播到了新的王国)”以及“Silk Roads(丝绸之路)”、“Hew Locke: what have we here? ( 休·洛克：“我们这儿有什么？)”和“Picasso: printmaker (毕加索：版画制作人)”可知，文章分别介绍了三个不同的展览，包括展览中的展品、展览的特色等内容，可推知本文的目的是介绍博物馆的展览。故选D项。 （24-25高三上·广东揭阳·期末）Do you know the best and cheapest way to see Europe? How about travelling by train across Europe? If booked in advance, it can offer some incredible deals. It beats flying anyway and also is the most sustainable and one of the cheapest ways to travel across Europe. Here comes one of the best-value train deals in Europe — tick off three classic Europe destinations with one incredible fare. Currently there are 2 trains servicing the route daily, linking up three key European capitals — Prague, Vienna and Budapest. Tickets start from as little as €16 between Prague and Budapest shown as follows. Tickets (Prague-Budapest) Price Facilities & Services Cancelation Low cost (2nd Class) €16 During your trip, you can easily order refreshments using our mobile app or refresh yourself with free Rajec water. We think about your safety, which is why you’ll find a sanitizer (消毒剂) on every train. More than 15 minutes before departure: 0%; less than 15 minutes: not possible. Standard (2nd Class) €18.3 Choose the place of your choice. Travel in comfortable seats with built-in LCD screens for plenty of entertainment. The daily newspaper and the free Rajec water will make your journey more enjoyable. We think about your safety, which is why you’ll find a sanitizer on every train. For an extra €8.9 you can also upgrade your standard ticket to the first class where you’ll get a slightly better seat and leg space. 1．What is the advantage of train travel over flying across Europe? A．It is more sustainable and cheaper. B．It is incredible and well-serviced. C．It can be booked in advance. D．It covers four classic destinations. 2．What service do low-cost and standard tickets have in common? A．Self-chosen seats. B．Free Rajec water. C．Built-in LCD screens. D．Daily newspaper. 3．How much is the first class ticket? A．€16. B．€18.3. C．€24.9. D．€27.2. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要讲述了乘坐火车游览欧洲的优势及票价信息。 1．细节理解题。由文章第一段中“It beats flying anyway and also is the most sustainable and one of the cheapest ways to travel across Europe. (无论如何，它都比坐飞机好，也是穿越欧洲最可持续、最便宜的旅行方式之一。)”可知，火车旅行的优势在于它比飞行更可持续且更便宜。故选A。 2．推理判断题。由表格中Low cost (2nd Class)对应的“During your trip, you can easily order refreshments using our mobile app or refresh yourself with free Rajec water. (在旅途中，您可以使用我们的移动应用程序轻松订购点心，或用免费的Rajec水提神。)”和Standard (2nd Class)对应的“The daily newspaper and the free Rajec water will make your journey more enjoyable. (每日报纸和免费的Rajec水将使您的旅程更加愉快。)”可知，低成本和标准票都提供免费的Rajec水服务。故选B。 3．细节理解题。由表格中Standard (2nd Class)对应的“€18.3 (18.3欧元)”、文章最后一段中“For an extra €8.9 you can also upgrade your standard ticket to the first class where you’ll get a slightly better seat and leg space. (额外支付8.9欧元，您还可以将标准票升级到头等舱，在那里您将获得更好的座位和腿部空间。)”可知，标准票（€18.3）加€8.9可以升级到一等座，所以一等座票价为€18.3+€8.9=€27.2。故选D。 （24-25高三上·湖南益阳·期末）The British Museum Reading Room in London is more than just a repository of books; it’s a historical and architectural icon that has attracted scholars and tourists alike for over a century. Nestled in the heart of the British Museum’s Great Court, this magnificent structure,opened its doors in 1857. It has hosted numerous notable figures, including Karl Marx, SirArthur Conan Doyle, Oscar Wilde, Sylvia Pankhurst, Bram Stoker, Joseph Conrad, Lenin, andGeorge Orwell. Their applications for readers’ tickets and signatures are preserved in theCentral Archive. Whether you’ re a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, this guide provides comprehensive information to help you make the most of your visit to this iconic landmark. Tickets Entry to the Reading Room is free, but special exhibitions may have a fee. Check theBritish Museum’s official website for the latest ticket prices and booking information. Visiting Hours The Reading Room is open daily from 10:00 AM to 5:30 PM. It’s advisable to check for any changes in opening hours during holidays or special events. FAQ Is the Reading Room open to the public? Yes, it is open to the public, but check for any special events or closures. Do I need to book in advance? For general entry, no booking is required, but special exhibitions may need tickets. Are guided tours available? Yes, guided tours are available. Check the BritishMuseum’s website for details. Can I take photos inside the Reading Room? Yes, photography is allowed, but please be respectful of other visitors. For more updates, follow us on social media and check out related posts on our website. 1．What is special about the Reading Room according to Paragraph 1? . A．It is a historical and politica. symbol. B．It has the largest collection of books. C．It is a library with the longest history. D．It was visited by some famous people. 2．What are the visitors required to do? A．Buy a ticket before entering it. B．Take part in the special events. C．Respect others when taking photos. D．Make an appointment ahead of a day. 3．Where can we most probably read the text? A．In a guide’s diary. B．In an academic journal. C．In a geography book. D．On a tour guide website. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文简要介绍了伦敦大英博物馆阅览室，它是一个兼具书籍收藏功能与历史文化、建筑标志意义的场所。文章还提供了有关门票、开放时间、常见问题等参观信息。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“it’s a historical and architectural icon that has attracted scholars and tourists alike for over a century. Nestled in the heart of the British Museum’s Great Court, this magnificent structure,opened its doors in 1857. It has hosted numerous notable figures, including Karl Marx, SirArthur Conan Doyle, Oscar Wilde, Sylvia Pankhurst, Bram Stoker, Joseph Conrad, Lenin, andGeorge Orwell. (它是一个一个多世纪以来一直吸引着学者和游客的历史和建筑标志。它坐落于大英博物馆大中庭的心脏地带，这座宏伟的建筑于1857年对外开放。这里曾接待过众多知名人士，包括卡尔·马克思、亚瑟·柯南·道尔爵士、奥斯卡·王尔德、西尔维娅·潘克赫斯特、布拉姆·斯托克、约瑟夫·康拉德、列宁和乔治·奥威尔。)”可知，阅览室是一个历史和建筑的标志，一个多世纪以来吸引了学者和游客，包括许多名人。因此，它的特别之处在于一些名人曾经参观过。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据FAQ部分的“Can I take photos inside the Reading Room? Yes, photography is allowed, but please be respectful of other visitors.(我可以在阅览室里拍照吗？是的，允许拍照，但请尊重其他游客。)”可知，参观者被要求拍照时要尊重他人。故选C项。 3．推理判断题。根据文章的内容和结构，特别是“Tickets(票)”；“Visiting Hours(参观时间)”；“FAQ(常见问题)”等部分，以及最后一段“For more updates, follow us on social media and check out related posts on our website.( 更多信息，请在社交媒体上关注我们，并查看我们网站上的相关帖子。)”可知，这篇文章提供了关于大英博物馆阅览室参观的详细信息，包括门票、开放时间、常见问题等，且建议在社交媒体上关注以获取更多更新，因此这篇文章很可能出现在旅游指南网站上。故选D项。 试卷第6页，共7页 试卷第11页，共11页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【类型二：阅读理解之记叙文】 （24-25高三上·山东青岛·期末）A whale shark under the waves caught in a ray of sunlight, a snow leopard (豹) moving forward with its eyes locked on yours–these images could easily be mistaken for photographs, but in fact they were captured by a paintbrush. British artist Sophie Green often creates paintings of endangered animal species. With a following of over 115, 000 on a social platform, she’s not doing so badly. Last year, one of Green’s works was auctioned (拍卖) at the Royal Geographical Society in London. It was a painting of a chimp (黑猩猩), called Wounda, which had been rescued from a illegal trade by the Jane Goodall Institute in the Republic of Congo. When Wounda arrived at the institute, she was in desperate need of medical attention, but since receiving treatment, she has made a full recovery and now lives in an island reserve. Profits from all Green’s artworks goes towards funding a range of projects, from shark and turtle research to conservation for African land mammals. As a child, Green was diagnosed (诊断) with selective-mutism — a form of anxiety, meaning she wouldn’t speak in class or to her teachers. Consequently, she bathed herself in nature. Green believed painting can be more effective than photography, because it affords more control over the composition. “If you want the animal to be looking directly into your eyes, then you can do that,” she said. Green’s process differs from piece to piece. She often finds images for inspiration everywhere, sometimes using photographs captured by herself or her friends, and sometimes surfing the Internet to find images of the creature she wants to paint. Often, the final piece comes from a combination of several images. Her goal is to encourage action from people who view the artwork. “If you’ve looked into the animal’s eyes, I think it’s much harder to forget that there’s so much going on in the world right now and so many animals that need our help,” Green said. 1．What does the author start the text with? A．Photographs of animals. B．Excellence of Green’s works. C．Limitations of Green’s works. D．Impacts of animal-focused paintings. 2．Why is Green’s painting about a rescued chimp mentioned? A．To stress her environmental awareness. B．To display the main theme of her works. C．To encourage people to support the auction. D．To show her contribution to protecting animals. 3．What do we know about Green’s art-making process? A．She often turns to others for help. B．She mainly relies on online information. C．She observes real animals to get inspiration. D．She combines different images into her work. 4．What does Green mean in the last paragraph? A．Criticizing people for ignoring the endangered animals. B．Emphasizing the importance of eye contact with animals. C．Highlighting the emotional impact of the work on viewers. D．Showing her paintings are more realistic than photographs. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。英国艺术家Sophie Green擅长绘制濒危动物画作，其逼真的艺术风格吸引超过11.5万社交媒体粉丝。她通过拍卖作品为动物保护筹集资金，旨在唤起公众对濒危物种的关注与行动。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“A whale shark under the waves caught in a ray of sunlight, a snow leopard (豹) moving forward with its eyes locked on yours–these images could easily be mistaken for photographs, but in fact they were captured by a paintbrush. (一条鲸鲨在海浪下被阳光捕捉到，一只雪豹正向前移动，眼睛紧盯着你——这些图像很容易被误认为是照片，但事实上它们是用画笔拍摄的。)”可知，作者开篇描述了阳光照射下海浪中的鲸鲨、眼神锁定你的雪豹等画面，这些画面极易被误认为是照片，但实际上是由画笔绘制的，通过这些描述展现了Sophie Green作品的精湛，让人误以为是照片。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Last year, one of Green’s works was auctioned (拍卖) at the Royal Geographical Society in London. It was a painting of a chimp (黑猩猩), called Wounda, which had been rescued from a illegal trade by the Jane Goodall Institute in the Republic of Congo. (去年，Green的一件作品在伦敦皇家地理学会拍卖。这是一幅名为Wounda的黑猩猩的画，它是由刚果共和国的珍·古道尔研究所从非法贸易中救出的。)”和第四段“Profits from all Green’s artworks goes towards funding a range of projects, from shark and turtle research to conservation for African land mammals. (Green所有艺术品的利润都用于资助一系列项目，从鲨鱼和海龟研究到非洲陆地哺乳动物的保护。)”可知，Green画的这只获救的黑猩猩作品被拍卖，且她所有作品的收益都用于资助一系列保护动物的项目，所以提到这幅画是为了展示她对保护动物所做出的贡献。故选D。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第六段“Green’s process differs from piece to piece. She often finds images for inspiration everywhere, sometimes using photographs captured by herself or her friends, and sometimes surfing the Internet to find images of the creature she wants to paint. Often, the final piece comes from a combination of several images. (Green的工艺各不相同。她经常在任何地方找到灵感的图像，有时使用自己或朋友拍摄的照片，有时上网寻找她想画的生物的图像。通常，最终的作品来自几幅图像的组合。)”可知，Green的创作过程因作品而异，她会将不同的图像融入到她的作品中。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Her goal is to encourage action from people who view the artwork. “If you’ve looked into the animal’s eyes, I think it’s much harder to forget that there’s so much going on in the world right now and so many animals that need our help,” Green said. (她的目标是鼓励观看艺术品的人采取行动。Green说：“如果你看着动物的眼睛，我认为很难忘记现在世界上发生了很多事情，有很多动物需要我们的帮助。”。)”可知，通过观看动物的眼睛，观众可以感受到作品背后的情感，并意识到世界上的动物需要帮助，这强调了她的作品对观众的情感影响，让观众更能感受到保护动物的紧迫性，从而采取行动。故选C。 （24-25高三上·山东菏泽·期末）When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist. Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself. When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question. How could I forget that the sea route to India was discovered by da Gama, but not Magellan? When I made the finals of a Mortal Kombat tournament and won a lifetime pass to a local movie theater, I didn’t celebrate. Third place is the second loser. When I won the first prize in a math test, I was disappointed. Only a 98? Not good enough. There was always a voice in the back of my mind whispering that it wasn’t enough and that I could have done better. It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism. I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Why the author became a perfectionist. B．The disadvantage of being a perfectionist. C．How the author got the good grades in school. D．The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother. 2．What made the author unsatisfied with what had been achieved? A．Blame from parents. B．Desire to get first prize. C．Eagerness to be perfect. D．Pressure of competitions. 3．What made the author change the attitude towards perfectionism? A．Losing expectation to succeed. B．Realizing the harm of being perfect. C．Learning lessons from other people’s failure. D．Encountering those accepting imperfection. 4．Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from? A．Parenting Styles. B．Coming-of-Age Stories. C．People of Achievement. D．Challenges Facing Youth. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小到大追求完美，到大学时期因遇到一些人而改变对完美主义态度的成长故事。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.(在我成长的过程中，我妈妈经常说，不管我在学校取得了什么成绩，只要我做到了最好，她就会为我感到骄傲。然后她又说：“但如果你没有得到A，我就知道你没有尽力。”她说这话时面带微笑，但我却当真了：我不应该满足于任何不完美的东西。我最大的缺点是过于追求完美)”可知，第一段主要讲的是作者成为完美主义者的原因。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures.(完美主义就是想要100%完美。目标是零错误，没有失败)”以及第三段“When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question.(当我在五年级世界探险家竞赛中获胜时，我因为错过了一道题而自责)”可知，渴望完美让作者对已经取得的成就不满意。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures.(我遇到了一些人，他们似乎没有被同样的期望所拖累，他们接受自己的错误，把它们视为成长的机会，而不是失败。他们告诉我，不完美是可以接受的，犯错误是人之常情，有时候，最重要的教训来自于我们的失败)”可知，遇到那些接受不完美的人让作者改变了对完美主义的态度。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.(我最大的缺点是过于追求完美)”以及最后一段“It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism.(在大学期间，我开始质疑这种完美主义的价值)”结合文章主要讲述了作者从小到大追求完美，到大学时期因遇到一些人而改变对完美主义态度的成长故事。可知，这篇文章可能取自杂志的“成长故事”专栏。故选B。 （24-25高二上·江苏泰州·期末）With a father who is a chemist and a mother who is a biologist it seemed natural for Kelydra to learn how the world worked by doing science experiments. Kelydra was 15 when the breaking news came that a chemical called C8 in her town’s water supply might cause cancer. Kelydra wondered what she could do to help. Like any good scientist, she started by researching the problem. What exactly was C8? She found out that C8, also known as APFO, is a chemical with a chain of eight carbon atoms. This chemical has shown up not only in drinking water but also in the bodies of people and animals. How much of this chemical was in the water supply? In fact, nobody even knew of an inexpensive, reliable test that could measure the amount of APFO in water. So Kelydra decided to invent one. Kelydra learned that when you shake water contaminated with high amounts of APFO, the water gets foamy (起泡沫的) . The more APFO in the water, the more foam there will be. In this way she could calculate the level of pollutants of the original river water sample. But she wanted to know more than that. So she started working on a way to remove APFO from the water. She finally succeeded by using a device, consisting of a dry cell battery and two electrodes (电极) . Kelydra dipped the electrodes in the water. Then, in a specific process, one of the electrodes became an electrically charged tool that attracted the APFO in the water. Kelydra could then remove the electrode, wash it off, and put it back in the water to draw out more of the chemical. Kelydra then added another ingredient to the water: activated carbon which looks like grains of black sand and is used in water filters. The carbon filtered (过滤) out even more of the APFO. Kelydra repeated the electrosorption and carbon-filtering process until the water was completely free of APFO — and safe to drink. 1．What inspired Kelydra to solve the problem? A．Her extensive knowledge in chemistry. B．Her deep concern for the locals’ health. C．Her great passion for doing experiments. D．Her firm desire to follow her parents’ path. 2．What does the underlined word “contaminated” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Cleaned. B．Polluted. C．Heated. D．Identified. 3．Why did Kelydra add activated carbon to the water? A．To purify the water. B．To remove the foam. C．To filter the carbon. D．To charge the electrodes. 4．Which of the following best describes Kelydra? A．Curious and adventurous. B．Confident and cheerful. C．Conservative and courageous. D．Innovative and committed. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了15岁女孩Kelydra发明了一种方法，可以去除水中有害化学物质C8。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“Kelydra was 15 when the breaking news came that a chemical called C8 in her town’s water supply might cause cancer. Kelydra wondered what she could do to help.(Kelydra 15岁时，一则爆炸性新闻传开：她镇上供水系统中一种叫做C8的化学物质可能会导致癌症。Kelydra想知道她能做些什么来帮忙)”可推测出，Kelydra非常关心当地人的健康，所以才想要解决C8的问题。故选B。 2．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“a chemical called C8 in her town’s water supply might cause cancer(一种叫做C8的化学物质可能会导致癌症)”和第二段中的“C8, also known as APFO(C8，也被称为APFO)”可知，C8就是APFO，这是一种化学物质，可能会导致癌症，再结合画线词所在句中的“you shake water contaminated with high amounts of APFO”可推测出，这里指的是被大量APFO污染的水，contaminate意为“污染”，与pollute意思一致。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Kelydra then added another ingredient to the water: activated carbon which looks like grains of black sand and is used in water filters. The carbon filtered (过滤) out even more of the APFO.(Kelydra随后在水中添加了另一种成分：活性炭，它看起来像黑沙粒，用于水过滤器。碳过滤掉了更多的APFO)”可知，活性炭用于水过滤器，它过滤掉了更多的APFO。由此可推测出，Kelydra添加活性炭是为了净化水质。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“So Kelydra decided to invent one.(所以Kelydra决定发明一个)”并结合下文Kelydra发明了净化水质的方法可知，Kelydra富有创造性。根据第二至最后一段内容可知，Kelydra通过科学研究，了解了C8的情况，并决定发明一种方法来测试水中APFO的数量，然后找方法来去除水中的APFO，由此可推测出，Kelydra是一个做事坚定的人。故选D。 （24-25高三上·湖北·期末）After graduating from high school, Amelia Earhart spent a vacation in Toronto, Canada, where she spotted wounded soldiers returning from World War I. Then, she volunteered as a nurse’s aide, coming to know many wounded pilots. She developed a strong admiration for aviators, spending much of her free time watching the Royal Flying Corps practicing at the airfield nearby. At a Long Beach air show, Earhart took a plane ride that transformed her life. It was only 10 minutes, but when she landed she knew she had to learn to fly. Working at a variety of jobs, from photographer to truck driver, she earned enough money to take flying lessons. She read everything she could find on flying and spent much of her time at the airfield. She cropped her hair short, in the style of other women aviators. Worried about what the other more experienced pilots might think of her, she even slept in her new leather jacket for three nights to give it a more “worn” look. Soon, she rose her fame and became the 16th woman to be issued a pilot’s license by The Federation Aeronautique. One day, Earhart received a phone call, asking her, “Would you like to fly the Atlantic?” In a heartbeat, she said yes. She was selected to be the first woman on a transatlantic flight as a passenger. On June 17, 1928, Earhart took off from Trepassey Harbor in a Fokker named Friendship. Accompanying her on the flight were three other male pilots. Approximately 20 hours and 40 minutes later, they touched down safely. Earhart later confessed that she felt she “was just baggage, like a sack of potatoes”. Then she added, “Maybe someday I’ll try it alone.” 1．What contributed to Earhart’s determination to be a pilot? A．Experiencing a ten-minute air ride. B．Appreciating a Long Beach air show. C．Volunteering as a nurse's aide during World War I. D．Watching wounded soldiers returning from the war. 2．Why did Earhart sleep in her new leather jacket? A．She cared for it a lot. B．She tried to make it look old. C．She worried others would take it away. D．She was too worn out to take it off. 3．The reason why Earhart felt like “baggage” was that ______. A．she landed the plane safely B．she was the only woman on the flight C．she was not an active-enough participant D．she was not given credit for her role in the flight 4．Which words can best describe Earhart? A．Adventurous and patient. B．Humble and persistent. C．Determined and passionate. D．Diligent and unselfish. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了女飞行员Amelia Earhart的成长故事。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It was only 10 minutes, but when she landed she knew she had to learn to fly. (虽然只有10分钟，但当她降落时，她知道她必须学会飞行。)”可知，她决心学习飞行的原因是她亲身体验了十分钟的飞行。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段倒数第一句“she even slept in her new leather jacket for three nights to give it a more ‘worn’ look. (她甚至穿着新皮夹克睡了三个晚上，让它看起来更‘破旧’。)”可知，她穿着新的飞行皮夹克睡觉是为了让衣服看起来更旧一些。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句“Earhart later confessed that she felt she ‘was just baggage, like a sack of potatoes’ Then she added, ‘Maybe someday I’ll try it alone.’ (Earhart后来承认，她觉得自己‘只是个行李，就像一袋土豆’。然后她补充道，‘也许有一天我会独自尝试。’)”可知，在此次飞行当中，她认为自己发挥的作用并不大。故选C项。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段第二句“It was only 10 minutes, but when she landed she knew she had to learn to fly. (仅仅 10 分钟，但当她着陆时，她知道自己必须学会飞行。)” 以及最后一段第四句“Earhart later confessed that she felt she ‘was just baggage, like a sack of potatoes’. Then she added, ‘Maybe someday I’ll try it alone.’ (Earhart后来承认，她觉得自己‘就像行李，像一袋土豆’。然后她又说，‘也许有一天我会独自尝试。’)”以及上下文可知，Amelia Earhart经历10分钟飞行后就下定决心学飞行，做各种工作赚钱学飞行，以及在作为乘客完成跨大西洋飞行后还想独自尝试，可看出她对飞行充满决心和热情。故选C项。 【类型三：阅读理解之说明文】 （24-25高三上·江西·期末）Gideon Mendel, a photojournalist who has been documenting climate change through his series “Submerged Portraits”. Starting his project in 2007, Mendel’s goal is to make the impact of climate change on human deeply felt, moving away from typical imagery of glaciers and polar bears to focus on flood-affected individuals. He goes where the floods are — floods typically linked to climate change. But instead of racing to capture ongoing storms and rainfall, he waits for the water to settle and tries to capture the trauma(创伤)endured by communities. His subjects stand still in their flooded homes, creating heart-breaking images that convey both aesthetic(美学的)beauty and profound content. These portraits come from 13 different flood zones across the globe, demonstrating the wide existence of climate change impacts. As Mendel continues his work, he shifts towards video, creating installations(装置)like Deluge, which is part of the photography exhibition “Coal + Ice” at New York’s Asia Society. The exhibition, showing videos of flood survivors returning home, emphasizes the personal and global consequences of climate change. “He makes it human and real, that we are all vulnerable and impacted by climate change, regardless of where we live or what our income is,” commented Tzeporah Berman, chair and founder of the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative, after viewing Deluge. “He brings to life not just what’s happening in the landscape but shows the despair in people’s faces.” Mendel’s long-term mission to portray trauma connects deeply with his family history of the Holocaust, influencing both his artistic and activist pursuits. Despite the connection, he says, “Real activists take risks and go to prison and put themselves on the line. I only put my pictures online.” 1．What effect may Mendel’s photographs of flood survivors have on viewers? A．Calming. B．Touching. C．Refreshing. D．Challenging. 2．What do we know about “Coal+ Ice”? A．It focuses on historical flood events. B．It highlights the impact of climate change. C．It gives birth to installations like Deluge. D．It displays the aesthetic beauty of flood zones. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Mendel only cares about online exposure. B．Mendel takes the same risks as real activists. C．Mendel holds a humble attitude towards his efforts. D．Mendel’s mission is irrelevant to his family history. 4．Which of the following best describes Mendel? A．Devoted and sympathetic. B．Passionate and humorous. C．Ambitious and courageous. D．Thoughtful and generous. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了摄影记者Gideon Mendel及其系列作品“Submerged Portraits”，该系列通过记录洪水影响下的个体，旨在直观展现气候变化的人文影响。Mendel的工作不仅限于摄影，还扩展到视频装置艺术，以此强调气候变化带来的全球性后果。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“His subjects stand still in their flooded homes, creating heart-breaking images that convey both aesthetic beauty and profound content. (他的拍摄对象站在被洪水淹没的家园中，一动不动，创造出令人心碎的画面，这些画面既具有美学之美，又包含了深刻的内涵)”可知，Mendel的照片描绘了洪水幸存者在被淹没的家中的情景，这些图像既美丽又深刻，能够触动观众的情感，让他们感受到洪水带来的创伤。故选B。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The exhibition, showing videos of flood survivors returning home, emphasizes the personal and global consequences of climate change. (展览展示了洪水幸存者回家的视频，强调了气候变化对个人和全球的影响)”可知，“Coal+Ice”摄影展通过展示洪水幸存者返回家园的视频，突显了气候变化的影响。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Real activists take risks and go to prison and put themselves on the line. I only put my pictures online. (真正的活动家会冒险、坐牢，把自己置于危险之中。我只是把照片放到了网上)”可知，我们可以看出Mendel对自己的工作持有一种谦逊的态度。他承认自己并没有像真正的活动家那样冒很大的风险，只是通过网络分享图片。这表明他对自己的贡献有清晰的认识，并且不夸大自己的作用。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“He makes it human and real, that we are all vulnerable and impacted by climate change, regardless of where we live or what our income is(他使其人性化且真实，即我们所有人都是脆弱的，并且受到气候变化的影响，无论我们生活在哪里或收入如何)”可知，Mendel的作品深刻地体现了他对全球各地人们面对气候变化时的脆弱性和影响的理解和同情。故选A。 （24-25高三上·福建福州·期末）About a decade ago, Fuchsia Dunlop attended a banquet (宴会) in Guangzhou. The most memorable dish, however, was the plain white cup of soup served at the end. Made from chicken, it was simple, clean and perfect. It seem odd to Westerners, but, as Ms Dunlop, an English food writer, explains in a new book, stock (家禽) is a unique expression of a chef’s art. And the clean, “almost invisible soup” is an ideal conclusion to a banquet, with its rich and strong flavours. Invitation to a Banquet is Ms Dunlop’s seventh book where, unlike a traditional cookbook, she has chosen 30 dishes to illustrate different aspects of Chinese cuisine — and, in turn, Chinese life and history. Like other outsiders who focus on a foreign cuisine, she is more a gatherer than an inventor of recipes. Her well-researched cookbooks read as mini-ethnographies (民族志). Readers will not learn how to make traditional Chinese cuisines but how and why Chinese chefs have long prized unusual (and to Westerners, sometimes unappealing) ingredients. A seemingly humble yet labor-intensive dish of braised carp (鲤鱼) tail serves as a starting point for exploring the significance of kougan, or mouthfeel, in Chinese cuisine. Westerners, Ms Dunlop argues, “have traditionally assumed that the Chinese eat less desirable animal parts out of poverty”, when in fact they shut the door on various foods that is wonderfully cui (“slippery, often in a wet way”). Altogether, Ms Dunlop makes a persuasive argument for the superiority of Chinese cuisine, highlighting its strengths in a joyful manner rather than a boastful one. She shows how it has embraced foreign influences, how it has changed with China’s increasing wealth and how central it is to the country’s cultural history. She makes an equally persuasive argument that what Westerners think of as “Chinese food”, commonly found at their local takeaway, is neither inauthentic nor wrong. Instead, it is an adaptation shaped by Chinese communities living abroad and as representative of the cuisine’s diversity as a frozen pizza is of Italy’s. Immigration has made the authentic flavors more accessible than ever outside China. Eaters should learn to appreciate that. 1．Why might the plain chicken soup seem odd to Westerners? A．It is placed in a white cup. B．It is served at the end of the meal. C．It is made of unusual ingredients. D．It is enriched with complex flavors. 2．How does Invitation to a Banquet differ from traditional cookbooks? A．It keeps track of foreign recipes. B．It explores aspects beyond recipes. C．It is intended for cuisine research. D．It teaches how to make Chinese cuisines. 3．What can be inferred from the mentioning of “westerners” in Para.3? A．They view Chinese cuisine as pricey. B．They hesitate to try new ingredients. C．They like Chinese cuisine’s diversity. D．They often misinterpret Chinese cuisine. 4．What does Ms Dunlop think of Chinese cuisine? A．Inclusive and dynamic. B．Inflexible and adapted. C．Simple and overvalued. D．Beautiful and boastful. 【答案】1．B 2．B 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国美食作家芙蓉·邓禄普的新书《赴宴邀请》，以及她对中国菜肴的看法。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The most memorable dish, however, was the plain white cup of soup served at the end.(然而，最令人难忘的菜肴是最后端上的一碗普通的白汤)”和“It seem odd to Westerners(这对西方人来说似乎很奇怪)”可知，素鸡汤在宴会最后上桌，这对西方人来说很奇怪。故选B项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Invitation to a Banquet is Ms Dunlop’s seventh book where, unlike a traditional cookbook, she has chosen 30 dishes to illustrate different aspects of Chinese cuisine — and, in turn, Chinese life and history.(《赴宴邀请》是邓禄普女士的第七本书，与传统的烹饪书不同，她选择了30道菜来阐述中国烹饪的不同方面，进而阐述中国的生活和历史)”可知，《赴宴邀请》与传统烹饪书的不同之处在于它阐述中国的生活和历史，探讨了食谱之外的方面。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Westerners, Ms Dunlop argues, ‘have traditionally assumed that the Chinese eat less desirable animal parts out of poverty’, when in fact they shut the door on various foods that is wonderfully cui (‘slippery, often in a wet way’).(邓禄普女士认为，西方人“传统上认为中国人因为贫穷而吃不太可口的动物部位”，而实际上，他们拒绝了各种美味可口(滑腻的，常常是湿润的)的食物)”可知，第三段提到“西方人”是为了说明他们对中国菜肴存在误解。由此可推知，他们经常误解中国菜。故选D项。 4．推理判断题。根据第四段中“She shows how it has embraced foreign influences, how it has changed with China’s increasing wealth(她展示了它是如何接受外国影响的，它是如何随着中国财富的增加而变化的)” 可知，中国美食是包容的(embraced foreign influences)且充满活力的(changed with China’s increasing wealth)。故选A项。 （24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Robots are separated into two parts: the brain and the body. An AI brain can help run the traffic system of a city, but many robots still struggle to open a door — why is that? “Software has advanced rapidly in recent years, but hardware has not kept up. Currently, all robots rely on electricity and software to function. The robotic brain composed of software translates information to the body or hardware through an encoder (编码器), which then performs an action,” said Dr Antonio Forte, a senior lecturer in engineering at King’s College London. To overcome this, Forte’s team developed a circuit by integrating liquid-based circuits with an adjustable valve (阀) placed within a robot’s hardware. This valve acts like a switch in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside, allowing the robot to perform complex tasks without the need for electricity or instruction from the central brain. This leads robots to function independently in challenging environments, such as low-income countries that do not have reliable access to electricity. Independent from the software running it, the advanced hardware system carries the majority of computational load by itself. This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots, whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control center, with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI-powered software, and consequently they can be more aware of their social context, which provides for a new kind of robotics in places like social care and mass production. “Ultimately, without investment in such field robots will stay at a certain level after a period of growth. Soon, if we do not offload the computational tasks that modern-day robots take on, computing improvements will have little impact on their performance. The work is just a first step on this path, but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies,” Mostafa Mousa, a post-graduate researcher at King’s College London, commented. 1．What is holding back the development of robots nowadays? A．Backward hardware. B．High electricity cost. C．Low-speed encoders. D．Complex calculations. 2．How does the valve function in a robot? A．It translates information. B．It adjusts liquid pressure. C．It sends electrical signals. D．It powers robots’ brains. 3．What sets the new generation of robots apart from others? A．Autonomy with adaptability. B．Resistance to physical damage. C．Understanding of users’ likes. D．Capability to control softwares. 4．What does Mousa think of the work of Forte’s team? A．Eventful. B．Doubtful. C．Promising. D．Dismissive. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人的构成，导致发展受到阻碍的原因以及解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Software has advanced rapidly in recent years, but hardware has not kept up. Currently, all robots rely on electricity and software to function.(近年来，软件发展迅速，但硬件却没有跟上。目前，所有的机器人都依靠电力和软件来运作)”可知，硬件落后阻碍了机器人的发展。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“This valve acts like a switch in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside, allowing the robot to perform complex tasks without the need for electricity or instruction from the central brain.(这个阀门的作用就像普通电路中的开关，工程师可以利用内部液体的压力变化直接向硬件发送信号，使机器人无需电力或中央大脑的指令就能完成复杂的任务)”可知，阀门通过调节液体压力在机器人中工作。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots, whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control center, with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI-powered software, and consequently they can be more aware of their social context, which provides for a new kind of robotics in places like social care and mass production.(这开启了新一代机器人的可能性，它们的身体可以独立于内置的控制中心运行，而这个空间可能会被用于更复杂的人工智能软件，因此它们可以更了解自己的社会环境，这为社会护理和大规模生产等领域提供了一种新型机器人)”可知，新一代机器人与其他机器人的区别是具有适应性的自主性。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The work is just a first step on this path, but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies(这项工作只是这条道路上的第一步，但未来会有更智能的机器人，拥有更智能的身体)”可知，穆萨认为福特团队的工作是有前途的。故选C。 （24-25高三上·湖北·期末）Wisdom teeth are the third set of molars (臼齿) located at the very back of the mouth. They are the last of the 32 permanent teeth to appear, emerging between 17 and 25 years of age, when you are older and wiser. You might know that not everyone grows all four wisdom teeth. You might also know many people get them pulled. We study teeth and find the reason has a lot to do with the distant past and a bit about the present day, too. A few million years ago, early human ancestors had larger jaws and teeth than humans do today. Scientists think robust jaws and teeth were needed because the foods early human ancestors ate were much more difficult to chew than food today. Softer, easier-to-chew food means teeth have a less challenging job. Therefore, modern human jaws have evolved to be smaller and faces to be flatter than our extinct ancestors’ were. Given these changes, the third molars might not be as important now as they once were. About 25% of people today are missing at least one wisdom tooth completely. Sometimes, due to lack of space, wisdom teeth can get stuck inside the jawbone and never fully come up- or they only partially emerge. An impacted wisdom tooth will never come up properly. And it happens more often in the lower jaw than in the upper jaw. In cases where wisdom teeth are only partially up, people can sometimes experience pain, tooth decay (龋齿) or gum infection, which is why they have them pulled. But wisdom teeth don’t usually need to be removed if they are fully erupted in the mouth, positioned correctly and healthily. Dentists can examine your mouth to see if your wisdom teeth are present, or look at X-ray pictures of your jaw if these last molars haven’t yet emerged and you suspect they may be impacted. Dentists can also advise you if any treatment or removal is recommended for your wisdom teeth. In the meantime, brushing at least twice a day will help keep all your teeth healthy. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To explain some reasons. B．To illustrate a concept. C．To introduce the topic. D．To raise a question. 2. What does the underlined word “robust” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Flexible. B．Demanding. C．Rigid. D．Powerful. 3．What can be inferred about wisdom teeth from the passage? A．Some people get them pulled for convenience. B．Our face is bound to become smaller by removing them. C．Impacted wisdom teeth should be removed as early as possible. D．The transformation of diet structure gives rise to their degeneration. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Wisdom teeth: the ache source. B．Wisdom teeth: To Pull or Not? C．Why do wisdom teeth disappear? D．What influence will wisdom teeth bring? 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了智齿的产生和变化以及智齿给生活带来的影响。 1．推理判断题。根据第一段“Wisdom teeth are the third set of molars (臼齿) located at the very back of the mouth. They are the last of the 32 permanent teeth to appear, emerging between 17 and 25 years of age, when you are older and wiser. You might know that not everyone grows all four wisdom teeth. You might also know many people get them pulled. We study teeth and find the reason has a lot to do with the distant past and a bit about the present day, too.(智齿是位于口腔最后面的第三组臼齿。它们是32颗恒牙中最后长出来的，在17岁到25岁之间长出来，这时你长大了，也更聪明了。你可能知道并不是每个人都会长出四颗智齿。你可能也知道很多人都把他们拔掉了。我们研究牙齿，发现原因与遥远的过去有很大关系，也和现在有一点关系)”可知，第一段是为了引出文章关于智齿的主题，故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“because the foods early human ancestors ate were much more difficult to chew than food today(因为早期人类祖先吃的食物比今天的食物更难咀嚼)”可知，早期人类祖先吃的食物比今天的食物更难咀嚼，所以人类需要强健的下颚和牙齿，故划线词意思是“强健的”。故选D。 3．推理判断题。根据第二段“Softer, easier-to-chew food means teeth have a less challenging job. Therefore, modern human jaws have evolved to be smaller and faces to be flatter than our extinct ancestors’ were.(更柔软、更容易咀嚼的食物意味着牙齿的工作难度更小。因此，现代人类的下颚比我们已灭绝的祖先进化得更小，脸更平)”可知，饮食结构的转变导致了智齿的退化，故选D。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“But wisdom teeth don’t usually need to be removed if they are fully erupted in the mouth, positioned correctly and healthily. Dentists can examine your mouth to see if your wisdom teeth are present, or look at X-ray pictures of your jaw if these last molars haven’t yet emerged and you suspect they may be impacted. Dentists can also advise you if any treatment or removal is recommended for your wisdom teeth.(但如果智齿在口腔中完全生长，位置正确且健康，通常不需要拔除。牙医可以检查你的口腔，看看你的智齿是否存在，或者看看你下巴的X光照片，如果这些最后的臼齿还没有出现，你怀疑它们可能受到了影响。牙医也可以告诉你是否有任何治疗或拔除智齿的建议)”以及文章介绍了智齿的产生和变化以及智齿给生活带来的影响。故B选项“智齿：拔还是不拔？”最符合文章标题。故选B。 【类型四：阅读理解之议论文】 （24-25高三上·湖南邵阳·期末）A primary school has announced that it no longer requires parents to sign their children’s homework. A newspaper comments: Putting an end to the requirement that parents sign the homework of their children eases the burden on many parents, as otherwise they would have to do primary school homework after a hard day’s work. But there are worries that if parents stop signing their children’s homework, the children will not get good grades. However, the most efficient way for children to study is to cultivate their willingness to learn and do their own studies. When doing homework, students practice and hopefully apply what they have learned. True teachers are supposed to check students’ homework and identify their mistakes. But some parents correct their children’s mistakes by themselves when signing the homework. It is students’ duty to do their homework, be responsible for their studies and correct their mistakes. Parents supervising their homework, checking their answers and dealing with the harder problems will only make children less aware of their mistakes and encourage them to wait for their parents’ help when they face any problems. Children have to manage their own learning and develop the ability to study by themselves, as competence will not be achieved if a student simply repeats rigid tasks in which he is assisted at school by teachers and at home by parents. An experiment conducted by American psychologist Walter Mischel in the 1960s proved that children with better self-discipline performed better in their studies and relationships. There is little doubt that parents’ supervision can make children’s homework better. But it does not give children the chance to solve problems independently. 1．What can we learn about the announcement? A．Parents don’t support it. B．It makes everyone pleased. C．It makes parents worried. D．It reduces parents’ burdens. 2．What’s the most efficient way for children to study? A．Teachers check students’ homework. B．Parents sign their children’s homework. C．Children are willing to learn by themselves. D．Parents supervise their children’s homework. 3．What will happen to children if parents supervise their homework? A．They will lack confidence. B．They may feel great pressure. C．They will be more independent. D．They may not realize their mistakes. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to parents signing their children’s homework? A．Opposed. B．Neutral. C．Optimistic. D．Unconcerned. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了一家报纸针对学校是否该叫停家长给学生的家庭作业签字的要求发表了看法的事情。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“A newspaper comments: Putting an end to the requirement that parents sign the homework of their children eases the burden on many parents, as otherwise they would have to do primary school homework after a hard day’s work. (报纸评论：取消要求家长签署孩子作业的规定减轻了许多家长的负担，否则他们必须在辛苦工作一天后做小学的作业)”可知，这一公告将减轻父母的负担。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“However, the most efficient way for children to study is to cultivate their willingness to learn and do their own studies. (然而，对孩子来说，最高效的学习方式是培养他们的学习意愿并让他们自主学习) ”可知，最有效的学习方式就是学生自己愿意且独立地学习。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Parents supervising their homework, checking their answers and dealing with the harder problems will only make children less aware of their mistakes and encourage them to wait for their parents’ help when they face any problems. (家长监督孩子做作业，检查答案并处理较难的问题，只会让孩子对自己的错误不够敏感，并在遇到任何问题时鼓励他们等待父母的帮助)”可知，家长监督孩子写作业会使孩子更少意识到自己的错误。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There is little doubt that parents’ supervision can make children’s homework better. But it does not give children the chance to solve problems independently. (毫无疑问，父母的监督可以让孩子更好地完成作业。但它并没有给孩子独立解决问题的机会)”可知，作者认为虽然家长的监督能让孩子的作业做得更好，但这会导致孩子没有机会独立解决问题。由此可推知，作者对这一做法持反对态度。故选A。 （24-25高三上·广东·期末）In a stimulating interview with the philosopher Daniel Dennett in Living on Earth, Dannet shared that Charles Darwin and Alan Turing might make the same discovery. Darwin showed how you can get the appearance of purpose and design out of blind processes of natural selection. And Turing said that any computable problem can be computed by a machine without understanding. The host then voiced a concern: as Al advances, machines will come to lord over us. Dennett acknowledges there’s a takeover risk but claims it’s misunderstood. The risk is not that machines will become autonomous rulers but that we will depend too much on machines. The main issue with AI is not intelligence but autonomy. At the end of the day, even the smartest computers are our tools, and their intentions are ours. Or, to the extent that we can speak of their intentions at all. The intention of a self-driving car to avoid an obstacle, for example, is what it’s designed for. Our growing dependence on technologies doesn’t mean we are losing our natural autonomy in quite this sense. Our needs remain. But it is a loss of autonomy. Even auto mechanics these days rely on computers and, in the era of self-driving cars, will any of us still know how to drive? Think what would happen if we lost electricity? We’d be thrown back into the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things would be worse as we lack know-how that made it possible for our ancestors to live well in the olden days. The truth is, we’ve been technological since our dawn as a species. We first found ourselves in the archaeological record where we saw a great exposition of tools, technologies, art-making and language. In a sense, being human means being like a cyborg, which is a technological extension of our natural selves. This suggests that at any time in our development, a large-scale breakdown in the technological system would spell not exactly our doom, but our complete reorganization. Perhaps what makes our current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are so closely networked. When the library of Alexandria burned down, books and knowledge were lost. But in a world where libraries are replaced by their online versions, it isn’t unimaginable that every library could be sinply deleted. What happens to us then? 1．Which of the following statements might Dennet most likely agree with? A．AI might be overly relied on. B．AI doesn’t have comprehension. C．AI’s development is bounded. D．AI’s evolution resembles natural selection. 2．Which of the following examples best matches the idea of “know-how” in paragraph 4? A．A scholar studies the theory of natural selection. B．A nobleman hires servants to do all the housework. C．A farmer builds a table by hand using traditional tools. D．A worker operates a machine following preset instructions. 3．Why did the author mention libraries in paragraph 6? A．To show the technological stability. B．To prove the technological safeguard. C．To emphasize the technological weakness. D．To illustrate the technological transformation. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Is the Concern Artificial Intelligence or Autonomy? B．How will Technology Breakdown Change Our Lives? C．Will Artificial Autonomy Threaten Humanity’s Existence? D．How does the Human-Technology Relationship Develop? 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质以及当前网络化社会面临的特殊困境。 1．推理判断题。根据第二段“Dennett acknowledges there’s a takeover risk but claims it’s misunderstood. The risk is not that machines will become autonomous rulers but that we will depend too much on machines.(Dennett承认存在被取代的风险，但他认为这种风险被误解了。风险不在于机器会成为自主统治者，而在于我们会过度依赖机器。)”可知，Dennet最有可能同意的说法是人工智能可能会被过度依赖。故选A。 2．推理判断题。根据第四段“Think what would happen if we lost electricity? We’d be thrown back into the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things would be worse as we lack know-how that made it possible for our ancestors to live well in the olden days.(想想如果我们断电会发生什么？正如丹尼特所说，我们会被抛回19世纪。但事情会变得更糟，因为我们缺乏使我们的祖先在过去的日子里生活得很好的技术。)”可知，“know-how”的技术是使我们的祖先在过去的日子里生活得很好的技术，符合“know-how”的概念的是一位农民用传统工具手工制作一张桌子。故选C。 3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Perhaps what makes our current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are so closely networked.(也许我们目前的困境之所以前所未有，是因为我们是如此紧密地联系在一起。)”和“But in a world where libraries are replaced by their online versions, it isn’t unimaginable that every library could be sinply deleted.(但在一个图书馆被其在线版本所取代的世界里，想象一下，所有的图书馆都可能被轻易删除，这并不是不可想象的。)”可知，作者在第6段提到图书馆是为了强调技术上的弱点。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The host then voiced a concern: as Al advances, machines will come to lord over us.(主持人随后表达了担忧：随着人工智能的发展，机器将主宰我们。)”和第三段“The main issue with AI is not intelligence but autonomy.(人工智能的主要问题不是智能，而是自主性。)”可知，本文主要探讨了AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质以及当前网络化社会面临的特殊困境，因此最好的题目是A选项“Is the Concern Artificial Intelligence or Autonomy?(人们担忧的是人工智能还是自主性？)”。故选A。 （24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末）I have been studying the French language for three years. This field of study has been the hardest but most precious of my life. I would put it above the study of writing simply because I started writing as a 6-year-old boy under my mother’s guidance. I always “felt” I could write. I did not always “feel” I could study a foreign language effectively. But here I am, right now, in a French hotel. I spoke French at the border, when I checked in and when I went to get lunch. I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. I feel, as I always do, like I am lost in the dark, but with each misstep, I find my way more clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French novels; I didn’t feel it at school. I just felt it when I first arrived Paris. I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as important as any reality. The fear of making mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey. Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand, and in that moment. I may feel a bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. They are not the norm (常态), though. The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. 1．How does the author feel about making mistakes in French? A．Awkward. B．Hopeless. C．Competent. D．Rewarding. 2．Why does the author emphasize feelings? A．To highlight his struggles in learning French. B．To show that positive thinking can drive growth. C．To illustrate that people should follow their hearts. D．To clarify his experience in mindset transformation. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The lows are always followed by highs. B．Feeling confident should be made a norm. C．Struggles are an essential part of learning. D．The ups are the real times when learning occurs. 4．Which statement might the author probably agree with? A．Fail again, fail better. B．Stay grounded, work for greatness. C．Accept the lows, wait for the chance. D．Be courageous, explore the unknown. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了学习过程中的挣扎、错误与成长之间的关系，以及这些经历对个人成长的重要性。 1． 推理判断题。根据第二段中“I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. (我说得不流利。我听错单词。我真的不会使用复杂的语法。但我的话完全可以理解，并且达到了目的。)”以及最后一段中“These moments of confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. (这些自信和动力的时刻是宝贵的，因为它们提醒我我已经走了多远。)”可知，作者认为自己在法语中犯错是宝贵的经历，并且能让他意识到自己的进步，故作者认为在法语中犯错是值得的。故选D。 2．推理判断题。根据第三段中“The fear of making mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey. (对犯错误的恐惧滋养了绝望，使学习者放弃。难的不是语言学习本身。难的是你在当前水平的自我认知，以及你对自己永远会是这样的悲观信念。将挣扎转化为成长的转变，才是真正让学习成为改变人生的旅程。)”可知，作者强调感受是为了表明积极的思考可以推动成长，将挣扎转化为成长的转变，才是真正让学习成为改变人生的旅程。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. (事实是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它们是学习过程的一部分，是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长。)”可知，作者认为挣扎和低谷是学习过程中的重要部分，它们有助于我们的成长。故选C。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand, and in that moment. I may feel a bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. (这些自信和动力的时刻是宝贵的，因为它们提醒我我已经走了多远。)”可知，作者认为自己在法语中犯错是宝贵的经历，并且能让他意识到自己的进步；再根据最后一段中“The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. (事实是，我遇到更多的是低谷。它们是学习过程的一部分，是塑造我们成为更好自己的转变的一部分。然而，正是通过这些低谷，我一直在学习和成长。)”可知，作者认为挣扎和低谷是学习过程中的重要部分，它们有助于我们的成长，由此可知，作者可能同意“再试一次，更好地失败”这一观点，即不要害怕失败，要从失败中学习并再次尝试。故选A。 （24-25高三上·北京丰台·期末）The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for machine learning development and the Chemistry Nobel was for protein structure prediction via AI. Some said the physics prize wasn’t really physics. “AI is coming for science, too,” the New York Times concluded. With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science? To begin with, the physics prize went to Hinton and John Hopfield, a physicist, who discovered how the physical dynamics of a network can encode memory. Hopfield came up with an intuitive analogy: a ball, rolling across a bumpy landscape, will often “remember” to return to the same lowest valley. Hinton’s work extended Hopfield’s model. In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications. Meanwhile, the Chemistry Nobel was awarded to biochemist David Baker and DeepMind researchers Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. Baker first developed software to design novel protein structures from scratch. Yet by 2018, of the roughly 200 million proteins cataloged in all genetic databases, only about 150, 000 had confirmed structures. Then Hassabis and Jumper introduced AlphaFold, which provided accurate folding structures for the rest. But even so, the AI has failed to predict defects in proteins. It’s not a catholicon for every problem in protein folding, but rather an excellent tool. Many of these tools have disappeared into their uses. We rarely pause to consider the transistor (晶体管) (for which the 1956 physics prize was awarded) when we use electronics containing them by the billions. Some powerful machine-learning features are already on this path. The neural networks that provide accurate language translation or song recommendations in popular consumer software programs are simply part of the service. In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too. Still a reasonable concern might be that such automation threatens the efforts of human scientists. As AI becomes essential to further scientific progress, will any prizes recognize work truly free of AI? AI can revolutionize science. It has already helped us see proteins with previously unimaginable clarity. Soon AIs may dream up new molecules for batteries. In short, they may do many things, some of which previously seemed impossible. But they have a crucial limitation tied to something wonderful about science: its empirical dependence on the real world, which cannot be overcome by computation alone. Science also needs experimenters — human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics — its core ethos is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms solely by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not. 1．Regarding the Nobel Prize in Physics, the author might think ________. A．it should have been awarded to more physicists B．it aims to encourage physicists to engage in AI research C．it is a recognition of the broad applications of AI in physics D．it is justified for its focus on physical principles of information 2．What does the word "catholicon" underlined in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A final solution. B．A big improvement. C．A complete cure-all. D．A common obstacle. 3．What can we learn from this passage? A．AI tools are restricted to specific scientific branches. B．AI tools will become less noticeable once widely used. C．AI will overcome its dependence on real-world experience. D．AI poses a threat on traditional methods of scientific inquiry. 4．What would be the best title for this passage? A．AI and Science: Revolution or Evolution? B．Is AI Coming to End Scientific Exploration? C．AI and Science: A New Era of Collaboration? D．Is AI Dominant in Nobel-Winning Discoveries? 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．B 4．B 【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与AI的关联，探讨AI是否真的接管了科学。物理学奖实则是奖励关于信息物理原理的基础研究，并非AI及其应用。化学奖中，AI虽助力蛋白质结构预测，但仍有局限，并非万能。AI工具在科学等领域会逐渐平常化并退居幕后。人们担忧AI自动化威胁人类科学家的努力，未来是否有奖项认可无AI 参与的研究。AI虽能革新科学，却因依赖现实世界存在局限。科学仍需人类专家，通过实验和观察去探索宇宙，提出AI无法提出的问题。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications.( 简而言之，诺贝尔物理学奖授予了关于信息物理原理的基础研究，而不是“人工智能”及其应用的大保护伞。)”可知，关于诺贝尔物理学奖，作者可能会认为它是合理的，因为它关注的是信息的物理原理。故选D项。 2．词义猜测题。根据第三段中“But even so, the AI has failed to predict defects in proteins.(但即便如此，人工智能也未能预测蛋白质的缺陷。)”以及划线单词句中“It’s not a …for every problem in protein folding, but rather an excellent tool.( 它并不是解决蛋白质折叠中所有问题的……，而是一个很好的工具。)”由此可知，此处为它并不是解决蛋白质折叠中所有问题的灵丹妙药。故可猜测划线单词catholicon为“灵丹妙药”的意思，和C选项A complete cure-all“包治百病”意思相近。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too.( 在科学领域，就像在许多其他领域一样，这一趋势表明，当人工智能工具变得司空见惯时，它们也会消失在背景中。)”可知，我们能从文章中了解到人工智能工具一旦被广泛使用，将变得不那么引人注目。故选B项。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science?( 凭借强大的大型语言模型，人工智能可以产生各种输出，甚至可以获得诺贝尔奖的发现。但是人工智能真的接管了科学吗？)”和最后一段“Science also needs experimenters—human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics—its core ethos is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms solely by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not.( 科学也需要实验者——被驱使去研究宇宙的人类专家，他们会提出人工智能无法提出的问题。物理学——它的核心精神是“世界是可以理解的”，仅仅通过仔细的实验和观察就可以定量地预测世界。不管有没有人工智能的帮助，这个真实的世界仍然存在，等待着未来的科学家去研究。)”可知，文章围绕2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与AI的关联，探讨AI是否真的接管了科学。物理学奖实则是奖励关于信息物理原理的基础研究，并非AI及其应用。化学奖中，AI虽助力蛋白质结构预测，但仍有局限，并非万能。AI工具在科学等领域会逐渐平常化并退居幕后。人们担忧AI自动化威胁人类科学家的努力，未来是否有奖项认可无AI 参与的研究。AI虽能革新科学，却因依赖现实世界存在局限。科学仍需人类专家，通过实验和观察去探索宇宙，提出AI无法提出的问题。故这篇文章最好的标题是“人工智能将终结科学探索吗？”。故选B项。 ( 16 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点19 阅读理解之四大常考语篇类型（综合练） 【考点统计】 2022-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2025八省联考卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 【命题趋势】 一、文本语境复杂化,题材专业化 阅读理解C篇和D篇往往是一套试题中最难的,文体一般以社科类说明文和科普类说明文为主,今年的试题文本注入了更多考生不熟悉的新话题、新理念,涉及心理学、哲学、历史学等专业性更强的素材,信息理解难度增加。未来高考阅读试题将会继续出现文学、艺术、历史、经济、科技等主题情境中专业性较强的文章。 二、课标词汇派生词、熟词新义频现,阅读难度陡增 阅读文本及选项中越来越多地出现平时使用频率较低的词汇(通过构词法合成或派生而来的新词、熟词新义、课标外拓展词等),加大了语篇阅读的难度,仅掌握课标词汇的音、形、义、用法和搭配已不能满足备考需求,需转向词汇的深度学习,如构词法、词源义等。 三、聚焦长难句、逻辑思维,凸显考查深层理解能力 鉴于高考阅读文本内容越来越专业,为了更好地将主旨表达清楚,长难句今后很可能变成较难文章的标配。 【思维导图】 考点一：阅读理解应用文高考考向。 年份 卷别 主题 话题 22025 2025浙江1月卷 人与社会 介绍了图书馆间互借服务（ILL） 2025八省联考卷 人与自然 英国东约克郡的四个景点介绍 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 保护生态栖息地恢复小组细节 2024新课标II卷 人与自然 参加卡洛秋季徒步节几种方案 2024全国甲卷 人与社会 艺术节艺术展览艺术制作活动 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与社会 自行车租赁和雇佣导游的细节 2023新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自然 黄石国家公园提供护林员项目 2023全国甲卷 人与社会 开始你的曼谷美食之旅的建议 2022 2022新课标I卷 人与社会 介绍了文学概论课程评分办法 2022新课标Ⅱ卷 人与社会 提供儿童发现博物馆的团队游 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍Cardiff当地剧院娱乐场所 2021 2021新课标I卷 人与社会 介绍罗马价格低安全舒适旅馆 2021新课标Ⅱ卷 人与社会 介绍今年夏天约克郡四个活动 2021全国甲卷 人与社会 介绍摄影比赛Take a view概况 2020 2020全国I卷 人与社会 介绍一篇诗歌大赛的征稿启事 2020全国II卷 人与自然 介绍景点特色及地点和参观时间 2020全国III卷 人与社会 介绍四个国家回顾过去著名景点 考点二：阅读理解记叙文高考考向。 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025浙江1月卷 人与社会 父母对待孩子饮食的教育方式 2025八省联考卷 人与社会 邮递员与社区的深厚情感 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 中医针灸治疗动物 2024新课标II卷 人与社会 创新打印吸引顾客 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与自然 利用自然自我修复原理净化污水 2023新课标II卷 人与自我 学校科学项目 2023全国甲卷 人与社会 DIY成为女性新宠 2022 2022新课标Ⅱ卷 人与自我 记者生活趣事 2022全国甲卷 人与社会 悉尼发展遇到的问题 2020 2020全国I卷 人与自我 人与社会 逆境完成学业树榜样 书评 2020全国II卷 人与社会 宣传图书馆 2020全国III卷 人与社会 影视作品使用动物 英国多世同堂现象 考点三：阅读理解说明文高考考向。 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025浙江1月卷 人与自然 矩阵式种植方法的理念、起源、原则及益处 2025八省联考卷 人与自我 找到有助于学习的最佳运动时间 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与自然 人与自然 科学记录生物多样性 巴比伦微农场 2024新课标II卷 人与社会 人工智能安全发展 2024全国甲卷 人与社会 人与自然 医疗列车巡回服务 对猫的行为研究 2023 2023新课标I卷 人与社会 人与社会 极简生活方式 群体智慧效应 2023新课标II卷 人与社会 人与自然 纸质书籍和阅读 保护城市野生生态 2023全国甲卷 人与社会 人与自然 书评 保护灰熊新问题 2022 2022新课标I卷 人与社会 人与社会 改善老年人孤独项目 饮食影响语言发展 2022新课标II卷 人与自我 人与社会 体育锻炼有利于心脏 软件应对司机分神 2022全国甲卷 人与自然 凤头鹦鹉会识别形状 2020 2020全国I卷 人与自我 人与自我 人与自我 人与社会 人与自然 孩子玩智力玩具的研究 重新阅读的体会 竞走运动利与弊 影响食物摄入量因素 绿植能代替点灯吗 2020全国II卷 人与自然 妙用海狸鼠 2020全国III卷 人与自我 人类进化适应海洋生活 考点四：阅读理解议论文高考考向。 年份 卷别 主题 话题 2025 2025浙江1月卷 人与社会 探讨了技术产品中的性别化现象 2024 2024新课标I卷 人与社会 数字阅读与纸质阅读 2024全国甲卷 人与社会 小说结局引起的思考 2021 2021新课标I卷 人与自我 情商的研究与期望 2021全国甲卷 人与自我 天才有多种形式 （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：阅读理解之应用文】 （24-25高二上·浙江宁波·期末）Choice of Walks for Beginner and Experienced Walkers The Carlow Autumn Walking Festival is a great opportunity for the beginner, experienced or advanced walker to enjoy the challenges of Carlow’s mountain hikes or the peace of its woodland walks. Walk 1 — The Natural World With environmentalist Éanna Lamhna as the guide, this walk promises to be an informative tour. Walkers are sure to learn lots about the habitats and natural world of the Blackstairs. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 09: 00 Start Point: Scratoes Bridge Walk Duration: 6 hours Walk 2 — Introduction to Hillwalking Emmanuel Chappard, an experienced guide, has a passion for making the great outdoors accessible to all. This mountain walk provides an insight into the skills required for hillwalking to ensure you get the most from future walking trips. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 09: 00 Start Point: Deerpark Car Park Walk Duration: 5 hours Walk 3 — Moonlight Under the Stars Walking at night-time is a great way to step out of your comfort zone. Breathtaking views of the lowlands of Carlow can be enjoyed in the presence of welcoming guides from local walking clubs. A torch (手电筒) along with suitable clothing is essential for walking in the dark. Those who are dressed inappropriately will be refused permission to participate. Date and Time: Saturday, 1st October, at 18: 30 Start Point: The Town Hall Walk Duration: 3 hours Walk 4 — Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest This informative walk led by Richard Smyth introduces you to the basic principles of photography in the wild. Bring along your camera and enjoy the wonderful views along this well-surfaced forest path. Date and Time: Sunday, 2nd October, at 11: 45 Start Point: Kilbrannish Forest Recreation Area Walk Duration: 1.5 hours 1．Which walk takes the shortest time? A．The Natural World. B．Introduction to Hillwalking. C．Moonlight Under the Stars. D．Photographic Walk in Kilbrannish Forest. 2．What are participants in Walk 3 required to do? A．Join a walking club. B．Bring a survival guide. C．Wear proper clothes. D．Get special permits. 3．What do the four walks have in common? A．They are for experienced walkers. B．They are scheduled for the weekend. C．They share the same start point. D．They involve difficult climbing. （24-25高三上·江苏苏州·期末）Silk Roads The Silk Roads were in use for about a thousand years, but this exhibition focuses on a defining period in history. Time witnessed significant connectivity of universal religions that linked communities across continents. The exhibition offers a unique chance to see objects from the silk Roads, from Tang Chinese ceramics (陶艺) for the Middle East ports to Indian garnets (石榴石) found in England. You’ll meet figures whose stories are associated with the Silk Roads, including a legendary Chinese princess who shared silk farming with her new kingdom. Hew Locke: what have we here? In this groundbreaking new show, Locke (born 1959) offers a fresh perspective on the museum’s history and collection. Using interfering techniques, Locke restructures historical objects, from the earliest surviving drawings of native Americans by a European artist to a Guyanese Akawaio feather decoration. Picasso: printmaker The museum holds the UK’s largest collection of Picasso’s prints. It includes a series of 100 etchings (蚀刻版画) made in the 1930s that shows the influence of classical art on Picasso’s work and reflects his chaotic personal life. Picasso’s focus on lithography (平板印刷术) is explored, as is his move to the South of France, marking a change of lifestyle evident in his work, Themes include the circus and love, and Picasso’s interactions on paper with artists from the past, The exhibition ends with a selection from the 347 Suite, which Picasso completed aged 86 in 1968, in a remarkable burst of late creativity. 1．What might visitors see in “Silk Roads”? A．Exhibits about a princess spreading silk to China. B．All the maps of European trade routes in history. C．Tang Chinese ceramics traded along the Silk Roads D．Religious communities exhibitions on silk roads. 2．What can visitors learn about Picasso? A．His early classical and chaotic sketches. B．His printmaking techniques and themes C．His interactions with modern artists. D．All his sculptures and oil paintings. 3．What is the purpose of the passage? A．To analyze British art history. B．To promote UK art tourism. C．To discuss artworks’ impacts. D．To introduce museum exhibitions. （24-25高三上·广东揭阳·期末）Do you know the best and cheapest way to see Europe? How about travelling by train across Europe? If booked in advance, it can offer some incredible deals. It beats flying anyway and also is the most sustainable and one of the cheapest ways to travel across Europe. Here comes one of the best-value train deals in Europe — tick off three classic Europe destinations with one incredible fare. Currently there are 2 trains servicing the route daily, linking up three key European capitals — Prague, Vienna and Budapest. Tickets start from as little as €16 between Prague and Budapest shown as follows. Tickets (Prague-Budapest) Price Facilities & Services Cancelation Low cost (2nd Class) €16 During your trip, you can easily order refreshments using our mobile app or refresh yourself with free Rajec water. We think about your safety, which is why you’ll find a sanitizer (消毒剂) on every train. More than 15 minutes before departure: 0%; less than 15 minutes: not possible. Standard (2nd Class) €18.3 Choose the place of your choice. Travel in comfortable seats with built-in LCD screens for plenty of entertainment. The daily newspaper and the free Rajec water will make your journey more enjoyable. We think about your safety, which is why you’ll find a sanitizer on every train. For an extra €8.9 you can also upgrade your standard ticket to the first class where you’ll get a slightly better seat and leg space. 1．What is the advantage of train travel over flying across Europe? A．It is more sustainable and cheaper. B．It is incredible and well-serviced. C．It can be booked in advance. D．It covers four classic destinations. 2．What service do low-cost and standard tickets have in common? A．Self-chosen seats. B．Free Rajec water. C．Built-in LCD screens. D．Daily newspaper. 3．How much is the first class ticket? A．€16. B．€18.3. C．€24.9. D．€27.2. （24-25高三上·湖南益阳·期末）The British Museum Reading Room in London is more than just a repository of books; it’s a historical and architectural icon that has attracted scholars and tourists alike for over a century. Nestled in the heart of the British Museum’s Great Court, this magnificent structure,opened its doors in 1857. It has hosted numerous notable figures, including Karl Marx, SirArthur Conan Doyle, Oscar Wilde, Sylvia Pankhurst, Bram Stoker, Joseph Conrad, Lenin, andGeorge Orwell. Their applications for readers’ tickets and signatures are preserved in theCentral Archive. Whether you’ re a history enthusiast, an architecture aficionado, or simply a curious traveler, this guide provides comprehensive information to help you make the most of your visit to this iconic landmark. Tickets Entry to the Reading Room is free, but special exhibitions may have a fee. Check theBritish Museum’s official website for the latest ticket prices and booking information. Visiting Hours The Reading Room is open daily from 10:00 AM to 5:30 PM. It’s advisable to check for any changes in opening hours during holidays or special events. FAQ Is the Reading Room open to the public? Yes, it is open to the public, but check for any special events or closures. Do I need to book in advance? For general entry, no booking is required, but special exhibitions may need tickets. Are guided tours available? Yes, guided tours are available. Check the BritishMuseum’s website for details. Can I take photos inside the Reading Room? Yes, photography is allowed, but please be respectful of other visitors. For more updates, follow us on social media and check out related posts on our website. 1．What is special about the Reading Room according to Paragraph 1? . A．It is a historical and politica. symbol. B．It has the largest collection of books. C．It is a library with the longest history. D．It was visited by some famous people. 2．What are the visitors required to do? A．Buy a ticket before entering it. B．Take part in the special events. C．Respect others when taking photos. D．Make an appointment ahead of a day. 3．Where can we most probably read the text? A．In a guide’s diary. B．In an academic journal. C．In a geography book. D．On a tour guide website. 【类型二：阅读理解之记叙文】 （24-25高三上·山东青岛·期末）A whale shark under the waves caught in a ray of sunlight, a snow leopard (豹) moving forward with its eyes locked on yours–these images could easily be mistaken for photographs, but in fact they were captured by a paintbrush. British artist Sophie Green often creates paintings of endangered animal species. With a following of over 115, 000 on a social platform, she’s not doing so badly. Last year, one of Green’s works was auctioned (拍卖) at the Royal Geographical Society in London. It was a painting of a chimp (黑猩猩), called Wounda, which had been rescued from a illegal trade by the Jane Goodall Institute in the Republic of Congo. When Wounda arrived at the institute, she was in desperate need of medical attention, but since receiving treatment, she has made a full recovery and now lives in an island reserve. Profits from all Green’s artworks goes towards funding a range of projects, from shark and turtle research to conservation for African land mammals. As a child, Green was diagnosed (诊断) with selective-mutism — a form of anxiety, meaning she wouldn’t speak in class or to her teachers. Consequently, she bathed herself in nature. Green believed painting can be more effective than photography, because it affords more control over the composition. “If you want the animal to be looking directly into your eyes, then you can do that,” she said. Green’s process differs from piece to piece. She often finds images for inspiration everywhere, sometimes using photographs captured by herself or her friends, and sometimes surfing the Internet to find images of the creature she wants to paint. Often, the final piece comes from a combination of several images. Her goal is to encourage action from people who view the artwork. “If you’ve looked into the animal’s eyes, I think it’s much harder to forget that there’s so much going on in the world right now and so many animals that need our help,” Green said. 1．What does the author start the text with? A．Photographs of animals. B．Excellence of Green’s works. C．Limitations of Green’s works. D．Impacts of animal-focused paintings. 2．Why is Green’s painting about a rescued chimp mentioned? A．To stress her environmental awareness. B．To display the main theme of her works. C．To encourage people to support the auction. D．To show her contribution to protecting animals. 3．What do we know about Green’s art-making process? A．She often turns to others for help. B．She mainly relies on online information. C．She observes real animals to get inspiration. D．She combines different images into her work. 4．What does Green mean in the last paragraph? A．Criticizing people for ignoring the endangered animals. B．Emphasizing the importance of eye contact with animals. C．Highlighting the emotional impact of the work on viewers. D．Showing her paintings are more realistic than photographs. （24-25高三上·山东菏泽·期末）When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist. Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself. When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question. How could I forget that the sea route to India was discovered by da Gama, but not Magellan? When I made the finals of a Mortal Kombat tournament and won a lifetime pass to a local movie theater, I didn’t celebrate. Third place is the second loser. When I won the first prize in a math test, I was disappointed. Only a 98? Not good enough. There was always a voice in the back of my mind whispering that it wasn’t enough and that I could have done better. It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism. I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Why the author became a perfectionist. B．The disadvantage of being a perfectionist. C．How the author got the good grades in school. D．The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother. 2．What made the author unsatisfied with what had been achieved? A．Blame from parents. B．Desire to get first prize. C．Eagerness to be perfect. D．Pressure of competitions. 3．What made the author change the attitude towards perfectionism? A．Losing expectation to succeed. B．Realizing the harm of being perfect. C．Learning lessons from other people’s failure. D．Encountering those accepting imperfection. 4．Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from? A．Parenting Styles. B．Coming-of-Age Stories. C．People of Achievement. D．Challenges Facing Youth. （24-25高二上·江苏泰州·期末）With a father who is a chemist and a mother who is a biologist it seemed natural for Kelydra to learn how the world worked by doing science experiments. Kelydra was 15 when the breaking news came that a chemical called C8 in her town’s water supply might cause cancer. Kelydra wondered what she could do to help. Like any good scientist, she started by researching the problem. What exactly was C8? She found out that C8, also known as APFO, is a chemical with a chain of eight carbon atoms. This chemical has shown up not only in drinking water but also in the bodies of people and animals. How much of this chemical was in the water supply? In fact, nobody even knew of an inexpensive, reliable test that could measure the amount of APFO in water. So Kelydra decided to invent one. Kelydra learned that when you shake water contaminated with high amounts of APFO, the water gets foamy (起泡沫的) . The more APFO in the water, the more foam there will be. In this way she could calculate the level of pollutants of the original river water sample. But she wanted to know more than that. So she started working on a way to remove APFO from the water. She finally succeeded by using a device, consisting of a dry cell battery and two electrodes (电极) . Kelydra dipped the electrodes in the water. Then, in a specific process, one of the electrodes became an electrically charged tool that attracted the APFO in the water. Kelydra could then remove the electrode, wash it off, and put it back in the water to draw out more of the chemical. Kelydra then added another ingredient to the water: activated carbon which looks like grains of black sand and is used in water filters. The carbon filtered (过滤) out even more of the APFO. Kelydra repeated the electrosorption and carbon-filtering process until the water was completely free of APFO — and safe to drink. 1．What inspired Kelydra to solve the problem? A．Her extensive knowledge in chemistry. B．Her deep concern for the locals’ health. C．Her great passion for doing experiments. D．Her firm desire to follow her parents’ path. 2．What does the underlined word “contaminated” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Cleaned. B．Polluted. C．Heated. D．Identified. 3．Why did Kelydra add activated carbon to the water? A．To purify the water. B．To remove the foam. C．To filter the carbon. D．To charge the electrodes. 4．Which of the following best describes Kelydra? A．Curious and adventurous. B．Confident and cheerful. C．Conservative and courageous. D．Innovative and committed. （24-25高三上·湖北·期末）After graduating from high school, Amelia Earhart spent a vacation in Toronto, Canada, where she spotted wounded soldiers returning from World War I. Then, she volunteered as a nurse’s aide, coming to know many wounded pilots. She developed a strong admiration for aviators, spending much of her free time watching the Royal Flying Corps practicing at the airfield nearby. At a Long Beach air show, Earhart took a plane ride that transformed her life. It was only 10 minutes, but when she landed she knew she had to learn to fly. Working at a variety of jobs, from photographer to truck driver, she earned enough money to take flying lessons. She read everything she could find on flying and spent much of her time at the airfield. She cropped her hair short, in the style of other women aviators. Worried about what the other more experienced pilots might think of her, she even slept in her new leather jacket for three nights to give it a more “worn” look. Soon, she rose her fame and became the 16th woman to be issued a pilot’s license by The Federation Aeronautique. One day, Earhart received a phone call, asking her, “Would you like to fly the Atlantic?” In a heartbeat, she said yes. She was selected to be the first woman on a transatlantic flight as a passenger. On June 17, 1928, Earhart took off from Trepassey Harbor in a Fokker named Friendship. Accompanying her on the flight were three other male pilots. Approximately 20 hours and 40 minutes later, they touched down safely. Earhart later confessed that she felt she “was just baggage, like a sack of potatoes”. Then she added, “Maybe someday I’ll try it alone.” 1．What contributed to Earhart’s determination to be a pilot? A．Experiencing a ten-minute air ride. B．Appreciating a Long Beach air show. C．Volunteering as a nurse's aide during World War I. D．Watching wounded soldiers returning from the war. 2．Why did Earhart sleep in her new leather jacket? A．She cared for it a lot. B．She tried to make it look old. C．She worried others would take it away. D．She was too worn out to take it off. 3．The reason why Earhart felt like “baggage” was that ______. A．she landed the plane safely B．she was the only woman on the flight C．she was not an active-enough participant D．she was not given credit for her role in the flight 4．Which words can best describe Earhart? A．Adventurous and patient. B．Humble and persistent. C．Determined and passionate. D．Diligent and unselfish. 【类型三：阅读理解之说明文】 （24-25高三上·江西·期末）Gideon Mendel, a photojournalist who has been documenting climate change through his series “Submerged Portraits”. Starting his project in 2007, Mendel’s goal is to make the impact of climate change on human deeply felt, moving away from typical imagery of glaciers and polar bears to focus on flood-affected individuals. He goes where the floods are — floods typically linked to climate change. But instead of racing to capture ongoing storms and rainfall, he waits for the water to settle and tries to capture the trauma(创伤)endured by communities. His subjects stand still in their flooded homes, creating heart-breaking images that convey both aesthetic(美学的)beauty and profound content. These portraits come from 13 different flood zones across the globe, demonstrating the wide existence of climate change impacts. As Mendel continues his work, he shifts towards video, creating installations(装置)like Deluge, which is part of the photography exhibition “Coal + Ice” at New York’s Asia Society. The exhibition, showing videos of flood survivors returning home, emphasizes the personal and global consequences of climate change. “He makes it human and real, that we are all vulnerable and impacted by climate change, regardless of where we live or what our income is,” commented Tzeporah Berman, chair and founder of the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative, after viewing Deluge. “He brings to life not just what’s happening in the landscape but shows the despair in people’s faces.” Mendel’s long-term mission to portray trauma connects deeply with his family history of the Holocaust, influencing both his artistic and activist pursuits. Despite the connection, he says, “Real activists take risks and go to prison and put themselves on the line. I only put my pictures online.” 1．What effect may Mendel’s photographs of flood survivors have on viewers? A．Calming. B．Touching. C．Refreshing. D．Challenging. 2．What do we know about “Coal+ Ice”? A．It focuses on historical flood events. B．It highlights the impact of climate change. C．It gives birth to installations like Deluge. D．It displays the aesthetic beauty of flood zones. 3．What can we learn from the last paragraph? A．Mendel only cares about online exposure. B．Mendel takes the same risks as real activists. C．Mendel holds a humble attitude towards his efforts. D．Mendel’s mission is irrelevant to his family history. 4．Which of the following best describes Mendel? A．Devoted and sympathetic. B．Passionate and humorous. C．Ambitious and courageous. D．Thoughtful and generous. （24-25高三上·福建福州·期末）About a decade ago, Fuchsia Dunlop attended a banquet (宴会) in Guangzhou. The most memorable dish, however, was the plain white cup of soup served at the end. Made from chicken, it was simple, clean and perfect. It seem odd to Westerners, but, as Ms Dunlop, an English food writer, explains in a new book, stock (家禽) is a unique expression of a chef’s art. And the clean, “almost invisible soup” is an ideal conclusion to a banquet, with its rich and strong flavours. Invitation to a Banquet is Ms Dunlop’s seventh book where, unlike a traditional cookbook, she has chosen 30 dishes to illustrate different aspects of Chinese cuisine — and, in turn, Chinese life and history. Like other outsiders who focus on a foreign cuisine, she is more a gatherer than an inventor of recipes. Her well-researched cookbooks read as mini-ethnographies (民族志). Readers will not learn how to make traditional Chinese cuisines but how and why Chinese chefs have long prized unusual (and to Westerners, sometimes unappealing) ingredients. A seemingly humble yet labor-intensive dish of braised carp (鲤鱼) tail serves as a starting point for exploring the significance of kougan, or mouthfeel, in Chinese cuisine. Westerners, Ms Dunlop argues, “have traditionally assumed that the Chinese eat less desirable animal parts out of poverty”, when in fact they shut the door on various foods that is wonderfully cui (“slippery, often in a wet way”). Altogether, Ms Dunlop makes a persuasive argument for the superiority of Chinese cuisine, highlighting its strengths in a joyful manner rather than a boastful one. She shows how it has embraced foreign influences, how it has changed with China’s increasing wealth and how central it is to the country’s cultural history. She makes an equally persuasive argument that what Westerners think of as “Chinese food”, commonly found at their local takeaway, is neither inauthentic nor wrong. Instead, it is an adaptation shaped by Chinese communities living abroad and as representative of the cuisine’s diversity as a frozen pizza is of Italy’s. Immigration has made the authentic flavors more accessible than ever outside China. Eaters should learn to appreciate that. 1．Why might the plain chicken soup seem odd to Westerners? A．It is placed in a white cup. B．It is served at the end of the meal. C．It is made of unusual ingredients. D．It is enriched with complex flavors. 2．How does Invitation to a Banquet differ from traditional cookbooks? A．It keeps track of foreign recipes. B．It explores aspects beyond recipes. C．It is intended for cuisine research. D．It teaches how to make Chinese cuisines. 3．What can be inferred from the mentioning of “westerners” in Para.3? A．They view Chinese cuisine as pricey. B．They hesitate to try new ingredients. C．They like Chinese cuisine’s diversity. D．They often misinterpret Chinese cuisine. 4．What does Ms Dunlop think of Chinese cuisine? A．Inclusive and dynamic. B．Inflexible and adapted. C．Simple and overvalued. D．Beautiful and boastful. （24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Robots are separated into two parts: the brain and the body. An AI brain can help run the traffic system of a city, but many robots still struggle to open a door — why is that? “Software has advanced rapidly in recent years, but hardware has not kept up. Currently, all robots rely on electricity and software to function. The robotic brain composed of software translates information to the body or hardware through an encoder (编码器), which then performs an action,” said Dr Antonio Forte, a senior lecturer in engineering at King’s College London. To overcome this, Forte’s team developed a circuit by integrating liquid-based circuits with an adjustable valve (阀) placed within a robot’s hardware. This valve acts like a switch in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside, allowing the robot to perform complex tasks without the need for electricity or instruction from the central brain. This leads robots to function independently in challenging environments, such as low-income countries that do not have reliable access to electricity. Independent from the software running it, the advanced hardware system carries the majority of computational load by itself. This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots, whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control center, with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI-powered software, and consequently they can be more aware of their social context, which provides for a new kind of robotics in places like social care and mass production. “Ultimately, without investment in such field robots will stay at a certain level after a period of growth. Soon, if we do not offload the computational tasks that modern-day robots take on, computing improvements will have little impact on their performance. The work is just a first step on this path, but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies,” Mostafa Mousa, a post-graduate researcher at King’s College London, commented. 1．What is holding back the development of robots nowadays? A．Backward hardware. B．High electricity cost. C．Low-speed encoders. D．Complex calculations. 2．How does the valve function in a robot? A．It translates information. B．It adjusts liquid pressure. C．It sends electrical signals. D．It powers robots’ brains. 3．What sets the new generation of robots apart from others? A．Autonomy with adaptability. B．Resistance to physical damage. C．Understanding of users’ likes. D．Capability to control softwares. 4．What does Mousa think of the work of Forte’s team? A．Eventful. B．Doubtful. C．Promising. D．Dismissive. （24-25高三上·湖北·期末）Wisdom teeth are the third set of molars (臼齿) located at the very back of the mouth. They are the last of the 32 permanent teeth to appear, emerging between 17 and 25 years of age, when you are older and wiser. You might know that not everyone grows all four wisdom teeth. You might also know many people get them pulled. We study teeth and find the reason has a lot to do with the distant past and a bit about the present day, too. A few million years ago, early human ancestors had larger jaws and teeth than humans do today. Scientists think robust jaws and teeth were needed because the foods early human ancestors ate were much more difficult to chew than food today. Softer, easier-to-chew food means teeth have a less challenging job. Therefore, modern human jaws have evolved to be smaller and faces to be flatter than our extinct ancestors’ were. Given these changes, the third molars might not be as important now as they once were. About 25% of people today are missing at least one wisdom tooth completely. Sometimes, due to lack of space, wisdom teeth can get stuck inside the jawbone and never fully come up- or they only partially emerge. An impacted wisdom tooth will never come up properly. And it happens more often in the lower jaw than in the upper jaw. In cases where wisdom teeth are only partially up, people can sometimes experience pain, tooth decay (龋齿) or gum infection, which is why they have them pulled. But wisdom teeth don’t usually need to be removed if they are fully erupted in the mouth, positioned correctly and healthily. Dentists can examine your mouth to see if your wisdom teeth are present, or look at X-ray pictures of your jaw if these last molars haven’t yet emerged and you suspect they may be impacted. Dentists can also advise you if any treatment or removal is recommended for your wisdom teeth. In the meantime, brushing at least twice a day will help keep all your teeth healthy. 1．What is the function of the first paragraph? A．To explain some reasons. B．To illustrate a concept. C．To introduce the topic. D．To raise a question. 2. What does the underlined word “robust” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Flexible. B．Demanding. C．Rigid. D．Powerful. 3．What can be inferred about wisdom teeth from the passage? A．Some people get them pulled for convenience. B．Our face is bound to become smaller by removing them. C．Impacted wisdom teeth should be removed as early as possible. D．The transformation of diet structure gives rise to their degeneration. 4．What is the best title for the passage? A．Wisdom teeth: the ache source. B．Wisdom teeth: To Pull or Not? C．Why do wisdom teeth disappear? D．What influence will wisdom teeth bring? 【类型四：阅读理解之议论文】 （24-25高三上·湖南邵阳·期末）A primary school has announced that it no longer requires parents to sign their children’s homework. A newspaper comments: Putting an end to the requirement that parents sign the homework of their children eases the burden on many parents, as otherwise they would have to do primary school homework after a hard day’s work. But there are worries that if parents stop signing their children’s homework, the children will not get good grades. However, the most efficient way for children to study is to cultivate their willingness to learn and do their own studies. When doing homework, students practice and hopefully apply what they have learned. True teachers are supposed to check students’ homework and identify their mistakes. But some parents correct their children’s mistakes by themselves when signing the homework. It is students’ duty to do their homework, be responsible for their studies and correct their mistakes. Parents supervising their homework, checking their answers and dealing with the harder problems will only make children less aware of their mistakes and encourage them to wait for their parents’ help when they face any problems. Children have to manage their own learning and develop the ability to study by themselves, as competence will not be achieved if a student simply repeats rigid tasks in which he is assisted at school by teachers and at home by parents. An experiment conducted by American psychologist Walter Mischel in the 1960s proved that children with better self-discipline performed better in their studies and relationships. There is little doubt that parents’ supervision can make children’s homework better. But it does not give children the chance to solve problems independently. 1．What can we learn about the announcement? A．Parents don’t support it. B．It makes everyone pleased. C．It makes parents worried. D．It reduces parents’ burdens. 2．What’s the most efficient way for children to study? A．Teachers check students’ homework. B．Parents sign their children’s homework. C．Children are willing to learn by themselves. D．Parents supervise their children’s homework. 3．What will happen to children if parents supervise their homework? A．They will lack confidence. B．They may feel great pressure. C．They will be more independent. D．They may not realize their mistakes. 4．What’s the author’s attitude to parents signing their children’s homework? A．Opposed. B．Neutral. C．Optimistic. D．Unconcerned. （24-25高三上·广东·期末）In a stimulating interview with the philosopher Daniel Dennett in Living on Earth, Dannet shared that Charles Darwin and Alan Turing might make the same discovery. Darwin showed how you can get the appearance of purpose and design out of blind processes of natural selection. And Turing said that any computable problem can be computed by a machine without understanding. The host then voiced a concern: as Al advances, machines will come to lord over us. Dennett acknowledges there’s a takeover risk but claims it’s misunderstood. The risk is not that machines will become autonomous rulers but that we will depend too much on machines. The main issue with AI is not intelligence but autonomy. At the end of the day, even the smartest computers are our tools, and their intentions are ours. Or, to the extent that we can speak of their intentions at all. The intention of a self-driving car to avoid an obstacle, for example, is what it’s designed for. Our growing dependence on technologies doesn’t mean we are losing our natural autonomy in quite this sense. Our needs remain. But it is a loss of autonomy. Even auto mechanics these days rely on computers and, in the era of self-driving cars, will any of us still know how to drive? Think what would happen if we lost electricity? We’d be thrown back into the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things would be worse as we lack know-how that made it possible for our ancestors to live well in the olden days. The truth is, we’ve been technological since our dawn as a species. We first found ourselves in the archaeological record where we saw a great exposition of tools, technologies, art-making and language. In a sense, being human means being like a cyborg, which is a technological extension of our natural selves. This suggests that at any time in our development, a large-scale breakdown in the technological system would spell not exactly our doom, but our complete reorganization. Perhaps what makes our current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are so closely networked. When the library of Alexandria burned down, books and knowledge were lost. But in a world where libraries are replaced by their online versions, it isn’t unimaginable that every library could be sinply deleted. What happens to us then? 1．Which of the following statements might Dennet most likely agree with? A．AI might be overly relied on. B．AI doesn’t have comprehension. C．AI’s development is bounded. D．AI’s evolution resembles natural selection. 2．Which of the following examples best matches the idea of “know-how” in paragraph 4? A．A scholar studies the theory of natural selection. B．A nobleman hires servants to do all the housework. C．A farmer builds a table by hand using traditional tools. D．A worker operates a machine following preset instructions. 3．Why did the author mention libraries in paragraph 6? A．To show the technological stability. B．To prove the technological safeguard. C．To emphasize the technological weakness. D．To illustrate the technological transformation. 4．What would be the best title for the passage? A．Is the Concern Artificial Intelligence or Autonomy? B．How will Technology Breakdown Change Our Lives? C．Will Artificial Autonomy Threaten Humanity’s Existence? D．How does the Human-Technology Relationship Develop? （24-25高三上·广东深圳·期末）I have been studying the French language for three years. This field of study has been the hardest but most precious of my life. I would put it above the study of writing simply because I started writing as a 6-year-old boy under my mother’s guidance. I always “felt” I could write. I did not always “feel” I could study a foreign language effectively. But here I am, right now, in a French hotel. I spoke French at the border, when I checked in and when I went to get lunch. I fail to speak with fluency. I mishear words. I can’t really use complicated grammar. But my words are perfectly understandable and serve their purpose. I feel, as I always do, like I am lost in the dark, but with each misstep, I find my way more clearly. I didn’t feel it when reading French novels; I didn’t feel it at school. I just felt it when I first arrived Paris. I’m emphasizing feelings because, when studying, they are as important as any reality. The fear of making mistakes feeds the hopeless and makes learners quit. It is not the study of language that is hard. It is the feelings of who you are at the present level and pessimistic belief of who you will always be that make it hard. The transformation to turn struggles into growth is what truly makes learning a life-changing journey. Maybe one day, someone will say something to me that I do not understand, and in that moment. I may feel a bit discouraged. But now, I feel a sense of being high. These moments of confidence and motivation are precious, for they remind me of how far I’ve come. They are not the norm (常态), though. The truth is, the lows are what I encounter more often. They are part of the learning process, part of the transformation that shapes us into better versions of ourselves. And yet, it is through these lows that I am constantly learning and growing. 1．How does the author feel about making mistakes in French? A．Awkward. B．Hopeless. C．Competent. D．Rewarding. 2．Why does the author emphasize feelings? A．To highlight his struggles in learning French. B．To show that positive thinking can drive growth. C．To illustrate that people should follow their hearts. D．To clarify his experience in mindset transformation. 3．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．The lows are always followed by highs. B．Feeling confident should be made a norm. C．Struggles are an essential part of learning. D．The ups are the real times when learning occurs. 4．Which statement might the author probably agree with? A．Fail again, fail better. B．Stay grounded, work for greatness. C．Accept the lows, wait for the chance. D．Be courageous, explore the unknown. （24-25高三上·北京丰台·期末）The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for machine learning development and the Chemistry Nobel was for protein structure prediction via AI. Some said the physics prize wasn’t really physics. “AI is coming for science, too,” the New York Times concluded. With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science? To begin with, the physics prize went to Hinton and John Hopfield, a physicist, who discovered how the physical dynamics of a network can encode memory. Hopfield came up with an intuitive analogy: a ball, rolling across a bumpy landscape, will often “remember” to return to the same lowest valley. Hinton’s work extended Hopfield’s model. In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications. Meanwhile, the Chemistry Nobel was awarded to biochemist David Baker and DeepMind researchers Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. Baker first developed software to design novel protein structures from scratch. Yet by 2018, of the roughly 200 million proteins cataloged in all genetic databases, only about 150, 000 had confirmed structures. Then Hassabis and Jumper introduced AlphaFold, which provided accurate folding structures for the rest. But even so, the AI has failed to predict defects in proteins. It’s not a catholicon for every problem in protein folding, but rather an excellent tool. Many of these tools have disappeared into their uses. We rarely pause to consider the transistor (晶体管) (for which the 1956 physics prize was awarded) when we use electronics containing them by the billions. Some powerful machine-learning features are already on this path. The neural networks that provide accurate language translation or song recommendations in popular consumer software programs are simply part of the service. In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too. Still a reasonable concern might be that such automation threatens the efforts of human scientists. As AI becomes essential to further scientific progress, will any prizes recognize work truly free of AI? AI can revolutionize science. It has already helped us see proteins with previously unimaginable clarity. Soon AIs may dream up new molecules for batteries. In short, they may do many things, some of which previously seemed impossible. But they have a crucial limitation tied to something wonderful about science: its empirical dependence on the real world, which cannot be overcome by computation alone. Science also needs experimenters — human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics — its core ethos is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms solely by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not. 1．Regarding the Nobel Prize in Physics, the author might think ________. A．it should have been awarded to more physicists B．it aims to encourage physicists to engage in AI research C．it is a recognition of the broad applications of AI in physics D．it is justified for its focus on physical principles of information 2．What does the word "catholicon" underlined in Paragraph 3 probably mean? A．A final solution. B．A big improvement. C．A complete cure-all. D．A common obstacle. 3．What can we learn from this passage? A．AI tools are restricted to specific scientific branches. B．AI tools will become less noticeable once widely used. C．AI will overcome its dependence on real-world experience. D．AI poses a threat on traditional methods of scientific inquiry. 4．What would be the best title for this passage? A．AI and Science: Revolution or Evolution? B．Is AI Coming to End Scientific Exploration? C．AI and Science: A New Era of Collaboration? D．Is AI Dominant in Nobel-Winning Discoveries? ( 24 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$