重难点18 阅读理解之细节理解题-2025年高考英语【热点•重点•难点】专练（新高考通用）

重难点18 阅读理解之细节理解题 【考点统计】 2022-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2025八省联考卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 【命题趋势】 一、材料选择方面 1. 题材更丰富多元：选材来自国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体等，涵盖科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、经济、人文、日常生活等各个领域。 2. 语篇更具实用性：越来越注重选取与现实生活紧密相关、具有实际应用价值的文本，如科技成果介绍、生活小贴士、文化活动报道等，要求考生能够从文本中获取具体的实用信息。 二、题目设置方面 1. 设题方式更灵活：不再局限于传统的“Wh-”问题（如what、where、when、who、why）和判断正误题，可能会出现图表题、排序题、信息匹配题等多种形式，考查考生对不同类型信息的提取和处理能力。 2. 跨段落细节整合增多：答案可能不再局限于某一个段落，而是需要考生从多个段落中提取相关细节信息，并进行整合和归纳，对考生把握文章整体结构和梳理信息的能力要求更高。 3. 增加隐含细节考查：除了直接在文中能够找到的显性细节，会更多地设置需要考生通过对上下文的理解、推理才能得出答案的隐含细节题，考查考生的深度理解能力。 三、干扰选项方面 1. 迷惑性更强：干扰项可能会采用与原文相似的词汇或表述，但在关键信息上进行篡改、歪曲或偷换概念，或者利用考生可能出现的思维定式和误解来设置陷阱。 2. 细节杂糅更普遍：将文章中不同位置的细节信息进行拼凑组合，形成一个看似与原文相关，但实际上逻辑混乱或与原文不符的干扰项，让考生难以辨别。 四、能力要求方面 1. 信息定位要求提高：阅读量和阅读速度要求持续提升，考生需要在有限时间内快速浏览文章，精准定位到与题目相关的细节信息。 2. 综合理解能力凸显：考生不仅要理解单个句子或段落中的细节，还需要理解细节之间的逻辑关系，以及这些细节与文章主旨、作者观点之间的联系，对综合理解能力的要求不断提高。 【题型概述】 细节理解题相对比较简单,但在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重,常分为直接信息题、间接信息题及数字计算题。直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点,其他都为低频考点。 【设题方式】 1.特殊疑问句形式。设问方式多为以“6W1H”(what,who,when,where,why, which和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。 2.填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from 　　　. 【思维导图】 技法一：直接信息题——题干定位法。 【设题特点】 直接信息题常设置在应用文中,涉及的话题有广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以“6W1H”(what,who,when,where,why,which和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。 【思维导图】 [典例](2024全国甲卷,A) Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors,1880-1990:Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons, invertebrates(无脊椎动物) create some of nature’s most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺) materials. 23. What can you do together with Javier Marin? A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts. C. Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates. 第一步　锁定题干关键词: Javier Marin 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据小标题 Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity下的段落中“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.”可知,Javier Marin的活动包括用手工艺材料制作无脊椎动物。因此,可以确定你可以和Javier Marin一起制作手工艺品。 [自主解答]　 　  技法二：间接信息题——同义转换法。 【设题特点】 相比直接信息题命题,间接信息题的隐蔽性、迷惑性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征:一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性,稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。 【设题方式】 1.According to the author/passage... 2.What can we learn about...? 【思维导图】 [典例](2024新课标Ⅰ卷,C) Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. ... Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 第一步　锁定题干关键词: audio and video, increasingly, university teachers 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据题干信息锁定到“Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.”。A项是对信息区间的同义描述,即因为音频和视频比文本更吸引人,所以大学老师使用越来越多的音频和视频。hold students’ attention是engaging的同义替换。 [自主解答]　 　  技法三：数字计算题——整合推算法。 【设题特点】 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价格、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说计算量都比较小,容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解,从这个角度上讲,理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有广告类、故事类、科普知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类。设问方式为以when,in which year,how many/much等疑问词(组)开头的疑问句。 【思维导图】 [典例](2023新课标Ⅰ卷,A) Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. ... Prices   Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day(24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00   Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.€15.75.　　　　 B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50. 第一步　锁定题干关键词: How much do you pay for...? 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据题干信息锁定到文本的定价表。根据定价表可知,租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元,额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。 [自主解答]　 　  技法四：概括信息题——归纳概括法 。 【设题特点】 概括信息题要求学生通过思维分析对原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳概括。为了增加细节信息试题的难度,命题人有时也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,一个细节理解题涉及一段内的多个信息点或者多段的具体内容,需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能回答。 【设题方式】 What can we say/know about...? What do...have in common? 【思维导图】 [典例](2023全国乙卷,A) PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine. 第一步　锁定题干关键词: Jacqueline and James 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据题干信息锁定到文本相应的方框内容。 通过文章Jacqueline Felice de Almania部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”以及James Barry部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”和“Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.”可知,Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。 [自主解答]　 　  （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：高考真题细节理解题片段训练】 【片段01】(2024新课标I卷第23题) AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 【片段02】( 2023·新高考Ⅱ卷第23题) 　　Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10) 　　Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 　　6/19—Waterfalls&Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 　　7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 23.Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 【片段03】(2024新课标I卷第24题) “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 【片段04】 (2023新课标Ⅱ卷第24题) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. 24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 【片段05】(2022全国乙卷第22题) Exhibition Times Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45 Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission £4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. 22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16. 【类型二：高考真题细节理解题语篇训练】 【2025·浙江1月卷】Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. Who Can Borrow? Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders. How Long Does It Take? Articles are usually received within 1-2 days and books in 5-10 days. However, obtaining items that are rare, recently published or in high demand may take longer. To speed up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate. Length of Loans Loan periods are established by the lending library. All due dates are noted on the label. Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library. Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. No renewals (续借) are allowed for physical items borrowed through ILL. Notification/Delivery Options For a physical item, you will be notified by email when it arrives. Items are picked up at one of our libraries – the one you selected in the ILL Request Form. For an article or book chapter, you will be notified by email when it is available. To obtain the article or chapter, click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account. Once in your account, select Electronic Articles Received. Interlibrary Loan Fees Library Type Loan Cost Article/Chapter Cost Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 21. Who can use the ILL service? A. Former students. B. Guest borrowers. C. Retired teachers. D. Fee-card holders. 22. What is a rule for borrowing a print book through ILL? A. Pay an extra fee for delivery. B. Renew it before the due date. C. Pick it up at the lending library. D. Return it when it is recalled. 23. How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30. 【2025·八省联考卷】 East Yorkshire Attractions Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF Tel: 01759 307125 The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish. We also have Stewart Museum, a children’s playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms. Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year. Open: 10:00 am to 5:30 pm Prices: Adults £4.65, Seniors £3.95, Children £2.50 Goole Museum Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS Tel: 01405 768963 The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors. The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art craft (工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Admission Free Sledmere House Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG Tel: 01377 236637 Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire’s most attractive houses. We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children’s play area, and a café & gift shop. Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons. Open: 11:30 am to 3:30 pm Prices: Adults £8.00, Seniors £6.00, Children £3.00 Bridlington Bird & Animal Park Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF Tel: 01262 673653 The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment. It offers daily shows of pig racing. We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun-filled day out for families. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Prices: Adults £4.50, Seniors £4.00, Children £3.50 21. Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions? A. Goole Museum. B. Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum. C. Sledmere House. D. Bridlington Bird & Animal Park. 22. What can tourists do at Sledmere House? A. Feed a wide range of animals. B. Watch a band concert on Sunday. C. Explore the history of the town. D. Enjoy organ music on Thursday. 23. What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park? A. £2.50. B. £3.00. C. £3.50. D. £4.00. 【2025·八省联考卷】Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city — in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity. For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions. Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. 28. What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community? A. Efficient public transport. B. Strong interaction between people. C. Uniform style of buildings. D. A comparatively large population. 29. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development? A. Local residents. B. Government officials. C. City planners. D. Construction workers. 30. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs. C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old. 31. According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of _______. A. pride B. comfort C. security D. urgency 【类型三：细节理解题名校好题调研之应用文】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东临沂·期末）Our Jane Austen Book Box Program is designed to help schools, libraries, and community group introduce Austen to new generations and diverse readers. If you work with children in grades K-12 in the U.S. or Canada and would like to introduce them to Austen, we invite you to apply for a FREE Jane Austen Book Box. Who Can Apply Schools, libraries, and community programs serving students in grades K-12 in the U.S. and Canada can apply for a Jane Austen Book Box. Book Boxes are not available to individuals or for-profit organizations, and they are not intended for resale. How the Program Works ▶Submit an Application ●Download the Book Box Application Form. Review the books available through the program, decide which title(s) you would like to receive and how many, and add that information to the application form. You may request multiple copies of one book or a mix of several titles. Email the completed application to JABookBox@jasna.org. Please apply at least six weeks in advance of when you would like the books to arrive ▶After Approval, Order the Book Box If your application is approved, you will receive a coupon code (优惠码) that will allow you to place your order on the Book Box page of the Jane Austen Books website. The cost of the books will be taken off in the checkout process. Book Boxes are awarded on a first-come, first-served basis until our funding for the year has been spent. ▶Report Your Results Book Box recipients must submit a report on the outcome of the project or program. Please email it to JABookBox@jasna.org. 1．Who can apply for a Jane Austen Book Box? A．Fans of Austen books. B．Bookstores in the U. S.. C．Kindergartens in Canada. D．For-profit organizations. 2．What will be received once the application is approved? A．A discount code. B．A confirmation email. C．An immediate book delivery. D．A list of books available. 3．What is the purpose of the program? A．To recommend a reading app. B．To raise fund for a reading program. C．To sell books written by Jane Austen. D．To introduce new readers to classics. 【调研02】（24-25高三上·安徽黄山·期末）Experience the Raw Beauty of Canada VANCOUVER There’s a reason why Vancouver never fails to impress. It is really stunning, with plenty of green open spaces, mountains and ocean views. Plus, this West Coast city also has a diverse live music and art scene, world-class museums and plenty of locally owned coffeehouses and creative restaurants with tasty foods. JASPER Jasper National Park is twice the size of Banff National Park yet draws only around half the visitors, which means you’ll encounter fewer crowds on the stunning hiking paths through valleys, mountain passes and grasslands. Keep an eye out for elk, bighorn sheep and other wild local residents. WINNIPEG Winnipeg will surprise you — a cultured big city rising out of an endless sea of flat grasslands. It’s gaining attention for its diverse dining scene, excellent new museums and the quality of its theatre, comedy and music. QUEBEC Considered the crown jewel of French Canada, Quebec is one of North America’s oldest and most remarkable settlements. Its scenic Old Town is a living museum of narrow cobblestone streets, 17th and 18th century houses and churches. There’s more than a glimmer of Old Europe in its classic pubs, sidewalk cafes and tidy squares. MONTREAL Montreal is where all the fun happens. The city lives for the arts, with more than 90 festivals throughout the year and an impressive collection of museums, galleries and performance spaces. Add in architecture that will make you think you’re in Europe and one of the most diverse food scenes in North America, and you will have a recipe for a good time. HALIFAX Salty sea breezes. Elegant heritage buildings. Celtic tunes in cosy pubs. Halifax is a delightful place to begin or end a cross-Canada adventure. The residents of this friendly East Coast city will welcome you with open arms and will be happy to share their little corner of Canada. 1．Where can you go if you are interested in animals? A．Jasper. B．Halifax. C．Montreal. D．Vancouver. 2．What do Halifax and Vancouver have in common? A．The flat grasslands. B．The mountain passes. C．The ocean views. D．The architecture. 3．Which of the following might be the best choice for museum lovers? A．Vancouver and Jasper. B．Jasper and Halifax. C．Quebec and Jasper. D．Winnipeg and Montreal. 【调研03】（24-25高三上·山东菏泽·期末）Four Famous Female Scientists Katherine Johnson Katherine Johnson graduated from college — with honors — at the same age most people graduated from high school. She later applied to a program at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and earned a spot as one of the agency’s human computers. One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969. While NASA began using computers for the task in 1962, astronaut John Glenn refused to go into flight until Katherine checked the computer’s calculations by hand. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin When Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first woman to receive a PhD from Harvard’s Radeliffe College, no one knew how much her doctoral paper would change the world of science. Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings. It would take more than a decade for another scientist to reach the same conclusion. Lise Meitner Lise Meitner is one of only two women to have an element named in her honor — the element with the atomic number 109 is called meitnerium. She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term“nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper. During her career, she discovered what causes the Auger Effect, explained how nuclear fission works, and uncovered the element protactinium (镤). Grace Hopper Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages. She began her career in computing and worked on the Harvard Mark I computer program. Later, she created the first program that translated code into machine language, and also developed the COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) programming language. 1．What was one of Katherine Johnson’s significant contributions? A．She earned a PhD from Harvard. B．She developed a programming language. C．She explained how nuclear fission works. D．She calculated the path for major space missions. 2．Whose conclusion about stars faced opposition from leading scientists? A．Katherine Johnson’s. B．Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin’s. C．Lise Meitner’s. D．Grace Hopper’s. 3．What do Lise Meitner and Grace Hopper have in common? A．They graduated from Harvard. B．They discovered new elements. C．They worked on something about computers. D．They were both pioneers in their own field. 【类型四：细节理解题名校好题调研之记叙文】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东菏泽·期末）When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist. Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself. When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question. How could I forget that the sea route to India was discovered by da Gama, but not Magellan? When I made the finals of a Mortal Kombat tournament and won a lifetime pass to a local movie theater, I didn’t celebrate. Third place is the second loser. When I won the first prize in a math test, I was disappointed. Only a 98? Not good enough. There was always a voice in the back of my mind whispering that it wasn’t enough and that I could have done better. It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism. I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Why the author became a perfectionist. B．The disadvantage of being a perfectionist. C．How the author got the good grades in school. D．The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother. 2．What made the author unsatisfied with what had been achieved? A．Blame from parents. B．Desire to get first prize. C．Eagerness to be perfect. D．Pressure of competitions. 3．What made the author change the attitude towards perfectionism? A．Losing expectation to succeed. B．Realizing the harm of being perfect. C．Learning lessons from other people’s failure. D．Encountering those accepting imperfection. 4．Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from? A．Parenting Styles. B．Coming-of-Age Stories. C．People of Achievement. D．Challenges Facing Youth. 【调研02】（24-25高三上·辽宁·期末）I was a junior professor, stressed and working myself to exhaustion both at work and at home.believed that success in academic required to give my all. My devotion brought me achievements in publications, and a university position. But I was still exhausted and upset by feelings of not being good enough when I compared myself with coworkers who were more productive and fathers who seemed to be better with their kids. The turning point came a few years later during a conversation with a good friend. When I told him about my struggles, he questioned me whether doing better meant that I was not doing a good job. That helped me see that, apart from the occasional misstep, was doing well at my job and that my children were growing up in a loving home. I realized that what needed to change was not my work but my mentality. I reflected on how I wanted to behave as a scientist and a teacher. Was this career about accumulating the largest number of publications? Did I want to be a teacher who was just absorbed in his world? The answer to both questions was negative. The process of transformation didn’t unfold as smoothly as expected, particularly when it came to overcoming negative thoughts, which required a significant amount of time. Nonetheless, the positive changes I made proved to be highly beneficial. I’ve also summarized three specific points that enable me to realize my intentions while also furthering my research and career, building personal connection, sharing ideas freely and being a reliable and fun operator. I’ve seen how working with co-workers, with whom I have a personal connection unlocks creativity and Drives progress.Such connections don’t form overnight, but when I take the time to strengthen them by sharing news and personal conversations, I know the time is well spent. My productivity hasn’t suffered; if anything, my research has benefited from increased activity and engagement. 1．Why did the author feel tired and stressed? A．Because he was dissatisfied with himself. B．Because he couldn’t gain others’ recognition. C．Because he had tense relationships with his partners. D．Because he failed to balance his career and home life. 2．What motivated the author to change his mentality? A．His talking with his friend. B．His realizing his failure. C．His reflecting on his behavior. D．His questioning his own ability. 3．How did the author find his transforming process? A．Boring but effective. B．Challenging but rewarding. C．Smooth and inspiring. D．Interesting and meaningful 4．What message does the author intend to convey in the last paragraph? A．Connections can be easy to form. B．Work habits determine productivity. C．Independent thinking is the key to success. D．Meaningful relationships contribute to careers. 【类型五：细节理解题名校好题调研之说明文】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Assume you have been offered a once-in-a-lifetime job opportunity abroad, but it means leaving behind your partner who can’t follow you. You start wondering how to make the wisest decision between your career goals and your commitment to the relationship. In today’s world, where we face unexpected challenges, the pursuit for wisdom remains as relevant as ever. But what are the criteria for judging wisdom? This age-old question has puzzled great minds for centuries. And do they vary around the world? To answer these questions, we conducted a study asking 2,707 participants from 16 cultures to compare 10 hypothetical (假想的) persons. For example, the participants compared “a scientist who gathers information about animals” with “a teacher who educates kids about history”. They decided who was more likely to use effective ways to deal with complex situations when trying to make a difficult choice. Then, they rated the wisdom of each person. We analyzed all these comparisons to work out the hidden dimensions the participants relied upon and calculated the weight they gave to these dimensions when inferring the wisdom of these characters. Our findings revealed that when people make judgments about wisdom, they essentially link wisdom to two key dimensions — reflective orientation (反思性建构) and social emotional awareness. Reflective orientation involves logic, reason, control over emotions, and the application of past experiences. On the other hand, social emotional awareness involves caring for others, active listening, and the ability to adapt to complex social situations. The two dimensions are closely related, and people think about both of them when determining whether to label a character as wise. We also found a surprising commonality in how people around the world perceive wisdom in others, with both the key dimensions receiving a similar weighting across all cultures. This commonality is likely rooted in fundamental human needs: get ahead and get along. The former involves recognizing who is competent to make things happen, which is consistent with reflective orientation. The latter requires abilities related to social emotional awareness. 1．What is the assumption in Paragraph 1 about? A．Making a choice. B．Breaking a promise. C．Setting a career goal. D．Keeping a relationship. 2．What did the participants do in the study? A．They evaluated individual wisdom. B．They analyzed wisdom dimensions. C．They compared real-life wise persons. D．They addressed challenging situations. 3．In which case is social emotional awareness involved? A．A student interprets questions to a classmate. B．A scientist reaches conclusions from evidences. C．A boss chooses a green hand to serve key customers. D．A teacher takes time to learn students’ practical needs. 4．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．Distinctions of human needs. B．Similarity in rating wisdom. C．Methods of gaining wisdom. D．Interflow among cultures. 【调研02】（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Robots are separated into two parts: the brain and the body. An AI brain can help run the traffic system of a city, but many robots still struggle to open a door — why is that? “Software has advanced rapidly in recent years, but hardware has not kept up. Currently, all robots rely on electricity and software to function. The robotic brain composed of software translates information to the body or hardware through an encoder (编码器), which then performs an action,” said Dr Antonio Forte, a senior lecturer in engineering at King’s College London. To overcome this, Forte’s team developed a circuit by integrating liquid-based circuits with an adjustable valve (阀) placed within a robot’s hardware. This valve acts like a switch in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside, allowing the robot to perform complex tasks without the need for electricity or instruction from the central brain. This leads robots to function independently in challenging environments, such as low-income countries that do not have reliable access to electricity. Independent from the software running it, the advanced hardware system carries the majority of computational load by itself. This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots, whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control center, with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI-powered software, and consequently they can be more aware of their social context, which provides for a new kind of robotics in places like social care and mass production. “Ultimately, without investment in such field robots will stay at a certain level after a period of growth. Soon, if we do not offload the computational tasks that modern-day robots take on, computing improvements will have little impact on their performance. The work is just a first step on this path, but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies,” Mostafa Mousa, a post-graduate researcher at King’s College London, commented. 1．What is holding back the development of robots nowadays? A．Backward hardware. B．High electricity cost. C．Low-speed encoders. D．Complex calculations. 2．How does the valve function in a robot? A．It translates information. B．It adjusts liquid pressure. C．It sends electrical signals. D．It powers robots’ brains. 3．What sets the new generation of robots apart from others? A．Autonomy with adaptability. B．Resistance to physical damage. C．Understanding of users’ likes. D．Capability to control softwares. 4．What does Mousa think of the work of Forte’s team? A．Eventful. B．Doubtful. C．Promising. D．Dismissive. 【调研03】（24-25高三上·江苏常州·期末）Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of Philosophy, has found a free mode of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu, Vermander — who is also known by his Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink paintings, most of which he has created over the past decade. Born in France in 1960, Vermander has been fond of painting since childhood. However, damage to sight and hearing made it hard for him to advance his painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being “clean”. The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China and was fascinated both by the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting. “In this art form, I could find my own way of expression. I also realized that I could create much more freely than in classical Western painting, as even the ‘not clean’ part of my works can be a good part of a creation with ink. So, I decided to shift my focus on Chinese ink painting,” Vermander says. Since then, he has visited many places across China to study Chinese painting. “Every one of my Chinese ink paintings is also a philosophical article,” he adds. For him, a good work — of either art or philosophy — should allow diversity in meaning, as each one can have a different connection to his work. Vermander regards his paintings as integrated expressions of himself with daily life. Through the ink brush, he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the movement of his heart. “What I like most in Chinese ink painting is the freedom it allows you. I am not skilled in Western painting as I have bad eyes, and it is not my character to be cautious, careful and plan everything. With Chinese ink painting, I could liberate my inner wildness. My only future goal is to have more time for painting — that’s it,” he says, laughing. 1．What challenges did Vermander face in his early painting career? A．Physical problems. B．Nationality issues. C．Mental sufferings. D．Colleagues’ jealousy. 2．Vermander is interested in Chinese ink painting because of ________. A．its wildness B．its nature C．his visits to China D．his love for China 3．Which of the following is true about Vermander’s ink paintings? A．They are connected to his inner feelings. B．They are criticized for not being clean. C．They have a single and clear meaning. D．They integrate Chinese and Western styles. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The style and techniques of Chinese ink painting. B．The comparison between Western and Chinese art. C．A foreigner finding himself in Chinese ink painting. D．A phenomenon waiting for an art foreigner to explain. 【调研04】（23-24高三上·江苏·期末）Commuting to and from work can be a nightmare. Cars advance slowly in stop and go traffic, crawling from one traffic jam at stoplights to the next. At peak rush hour especially, there is no chance of sailing through a series of green lights. Now, thanks to artificial intelligence, German researchers have found a way to reduce time spent at the crossroads. Called the KI4LSA project and funded by the Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, the innovation is being tested. Scientists first studied algorithms taken from a busy intersection to learn about traffic patterns and where improvements were most needed. Then, the technology, using high-resolution cameras and radar sensors, more precisely captured the actual traffic situation and detected the average speed of the cars and their waiting times. Finally, the AI uses deep enhanced learning algorithms to calculate the best switching behaviour for the traffic lights and determine the best phase sequence to shorten waiting times at the crossroads. The results are encouraging when it is being tried out at a busy intersection in Lemgo, Germany. The intelligent lights are said to improve traffic flow by 10 to 15 percent, which results in money saved; the EU estimates that traffic jams create economic damage that adds up to 100 billion euros a year. Aside from reducing commuting time, these traffic lights will reduce noise and CO2 emissions from cars waiting at the crossroads. Another exciting development in this research is the K14PED project, which studies pedestrians crossing the crossroads. Using AI as well as a 3D points cloud, researchers can identify how many people are waiting at a pedestrian crossing and whether some of the disabled or elder people will need extra time to cross the street. Such a needs-based system could reduce pedestrian waiting time by 30 percent, which could then decrease jaywalking (乱穿马路) by 25 percent. Researchers are optimistic that it will be adopted by many countries after the tests in the German towns of Lemgo and Bielefeld. This technology is exciting news for pedestrians and drivers alike. It encourages safety, protects the environment, and may even give you more time to enjoy your morning coffee before heading off to work! 1．Why is AI used in the KI4LSA project? A．To study traffic algorithms to control CO2 emissions. B．To detect road conditions to reduce jam or speeding. C．To remind people to pass in sequence for a shorter wait. D．To adjust traffic signals to ensure efficiency at the crossroads. 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．The intelligent lights serve the mere purpose of reducing commuting time. B．The better traffic flow is improved, the less economic damage is caused. C．The more cars are waiting at the crossroads, the more noise is reduced. D．The effect of traffic jams is heavier on environment than on economy. 3．What is the function of K14PED project? A．It monitors traffic conditions at intersections. B．It helps to estimate the number of jaywalkers. C．It ensures flexible crossing time for pedestrians. D．It improves the speed of vehicles on busy roads. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The intelligent lights offer a blessing to transportation. B．The AI technology is bound to be a promising industry. C．Attentive traffic service lends a helping hand to seniors. D．Digital traffic systems mark the beginning of smart cities. ( 18 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 重难点18 阅读理解之细节理解题 【考点统计】 2022-2025高考阅读理解考点统计 卷别 细节理解题 猜测词义题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 2025浙江1月卷 5 1 7 2 2025八省联考卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标I卷 9 1 4 1 2024新课标II卷 9 1 4 1 2023新课标I卷 6 1 7 1 2023新课标II卷 6 1 7 1 2022新课标I卷 8 2 4 1 2022新课标II卷 8 2 4 1 2024全国甲卷 7 1 6 1 2023全国甲卷 8 1 5 1 2023全国乙卷 5 1 8 1 2022全国甲卷 8 1 3 3 2022全国乙卷 10 1 3 1 【命题趋势】 一、材料选择方面 1. 题材更丰富多元：选材来自国外英文图书、报刊、网络媒体等，涵盖科普、社会、文化、地理、历史、政治、经济、人文、日常生活等各个领域。 2. 语篇更具实用性：越来越注重选取与现实生活紧密相关、具有实际应用价值的文本，如科技成果介绍、生活小贴士、文化活动报道等，要求考生能够从文本中获取具体的实用信息。 二、题目设置方面 1. 设题方式更灵活：不再局限于传统的“Wh-”问题（如what、where、when、who、why）和判断正误题，可能会出现图表题、排序题、信息匹配题等多种形式，考查考生对不同类型信息的提取和处理能力。 2. 跨段落细节整合增多：答案可能不再局限于某一个段落，而是需要考生从多个段落中提取相关细节信息，并进行整合和归纳，对考生把握文章整体结构和梳理信息的能力要求更高。 3. 增加隐含细节考查：除了直接在文中能够找到的显性细节，会更多地设置需要考生通过对上下文的理解、推理才能得出答案的隐含细节题，考查考生的深度理解能力。 三、干扰选项方面 1. 迷惑性更强：干扰项可能会采用与原文相似的词汇或表述，但在关键信息上进行篡改、歪曲或偷换概念，或者利用考生可能出现的思维定式和误解来设置陷阱。 2. 细节杂糅更普遍：将文章中不同位置的细节信息进行拼凑组合，形成一个看似与原文相关，但实际上逻辑混乱或与原文不符的干扰项，让考生难以辨别。 四、能力要求方面 1. 信息定位要求提高：阅读量和阅读速度要求持续提升，考生需要在有限时间内快速浏览文章，精准定位到与题目相关的细节信息。 2. 综合理解能力凸显：考生不仅要理解单个句子或段落中的细节，还需要理解细节之间的逻辑关系，以及这些细节与文章主旨、作者观点之间的联系，对综合理解能力的要求不断提高。 【题型概述】 细节理解题相对比较简单,但在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重,常分为直接信息题、间接信息题及数字计算题。直接信息题和间接信息题为高频考点,其他都为低频考点。 【设题方式】 1.特殊疑问句形式。设问方式多为以“6W1H”(what,who,when,where,why, which和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。 2.填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from 　　　. 【思维导图】 技法一：直接信息题——题干定位法。 【设题特点】 直接信息题常设置在应用文中,涉及的话题有广告类、活动安排类、书籍或电影介绍类、演出信息类等。设问方式多为以“6W1H”(what,who,when,where,why,which和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。 【思维导图】 [典例](2024全国甲卷,A) Each ARTS FIRST festival is a unique annual celebration of the Harvard community’s artistic creativity. We invite you to join us for the coming ARTS FIRST. We look forward to welcoming you as we showcase the creativity of the Harvard arts community through performances, art exhibitions and art-making activities. The festival is a public event for Harvard and community members of all ages. Light Awash in Watercolor Learn about the materials and qualities of watercolor paint with experts from the Harvard Art Museums Materials Lab. Try your hand at some of the painting tricks used by artists whose works will be in the upcoming exhibition of American Watercolors,1880-1990:Into the Light. Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity From webs to cocoons, invertebrates(无脊椎动物) create some of nature’s most delicate and beautiful designs. Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft(手工艺) materials. 23. What can you do together with Javier Marin? A. Practice a traditional dance. B. Make handcrafts. C. Visit a local museum. D. Feed invertebrates. 第一步　锁定题干关键词: Javier Marin 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据小标题 Spineless Artists: Invertebrate Creativity下的段落中“Join Javier Marin from the Harvard Museum of Natural History to learn how insects and other invertebrates dance, inspire fashion and create art, while making your own spineless artists out of craft (手工艺) materials.”可知,Javier Marin的活动包括用手工艺材料制作无脊椎动物。因此,可以确定你可以和Javier Marin一起制作手工艺品。 [自主解答]　 B 　  技法二：间接信息题——同义转换法。 【设题特点】 相比直接信息题命题,间接信息题的隐蔽性、迷惑性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。解答间接信息题时要做到“两关注”“一防范”。“两关注”是指关注正确选项的两个特征:一是同义词替换或释义,即把文中的语言(词汇和结构)改头换面,来表达相同的意思;二是对文章信息的归纳。“一防范”是指防范干扰选项的逼真性,稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。 【设题方式】 1.According to the author/passage... 2.What can we learn about...? 【思维导图】 [典例](2024新课标Ⅰ卷,C) Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no.” The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset(心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content. ... Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person. However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces. Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print. However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words. 30. Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers? A. They can hold students’ attention. B. They are more convenient to prepare. C. They help develop advanced skills. D. They are more informative than text. 第一步　锁定题干关键词: audio and video, increasingly, university teachers 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据题干信息锁定到“Audio(音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies—say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.”。A项是对信息区间的同义描述,即因为音频和视频比文本更吸引人,所以大学老师使用越来越多的音频和视频。hold students’ attention是engaging的同义替换。 [自主解答]　 A 　  技法三：数字计算题——整合推算法。 【设题特点】 数字计算题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价格、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说计算量都比较小,容易计算。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解,从这个角度上讲,理解文中相应的复杂句是解这类题的关键。数字计算题的话题有广告类、故事类、科普知识类、史地自然类、文化教育类。设问方式为以when,in which year,how many/much等疑问词(组)开头的疑问句。 【思维导图】 [典例](2023新课标Ⅰ卷,A) Bike Rental & Guided Tours Welcome to Amsterdam, welcome to MacBike. You see much more from the seat of a bike! Cycling is the most economical, sustainable and fun way to explore the city, with its beautiful canals, parks, squares and countless lights. You can also bike along lovely landscapes outside of Amsterdam. ... Prices   Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 1 hour €7.50 €5.00 3 hours €11.00 €7.50 1 day(24 hours) €14.75 €9.75 Each additional day €8.00 €6.00   Hand Brake, Three Gears Foot Brake, No Gears 22. How much do you pay for renting a bike with hand brake and three gears for two days? A.€15.75.　　　　 B.€19.50. C.€22.75. D.€29.50. 第一步　锁定题干关键词: How much do you pay for...? 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据题干信息锁定到文本的定价表。根据定价表可知,租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车一天需要14.75欧元,额外增加天数每天8欧元。所以租一辆带手刹和三档的自行车两天需要14.75+8=22.75欧元。 [自主解答]　 C 　  技法四：概括信息题——归纳概括法 。 【设题特点】 概括信息题要求学生通过思维分析对原文中比较分散或复杂的信息进行归纳概括。为了增加细节信息试题的难度,命题人有时也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,一个细节理解题涉及一段内的多个信息点或者多段的具体内容,需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能回答。 【设题方式】 What can we say/know about...? What do...have in common? 【思维导图】 [典例](2023全国乙卷,A) PRACTITIONERS Jacqueline Felice de Almania (c.1322) highlights the suspicion that women practicing medicine faced. Born to a Jewish family in Florence, she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery. In 1322 she was tried for practicing unlawfully. In spite of the court hearing testimonials (证明) of her ability as a doctor, she was banned from medicine. James Barry (c.1789 — 1865) was born Margaret Bulkley in Ireland but, dressed as a man, she was accepted by Edinburgh University to study medicine. She qualified as a surgeon in 1813, then joined the British Army, serving overseas. Barry retired in 1859, having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man. Tan Yunxian (1461 — 1554) was a Chinese physician who learned her skills from her grandparents. Chinese women at the time could not serve apprenticeships (学徒期) with doctors. However, Tan passed the official exam. Tan treated women from all walks of life. In 1511, Tan wrote a book, Sayings of a Female Doctor, describing her life as a physician. Rebecca Lee Crumpler (1831 — 1895) worked as a nurse for eight years before studying in medical college in Boston in 1860. Four years later, she was the first African American woman to receive a medical degree. She moved to Virginia in 1865, where she provided medical care to freed slaves. 21. What did Jacqueline and James have in common? A. Doing teaching jobs. B. Being hired as physicians. C. Performing surgery. D. Being banned from medicine. 第一步　锁定题干关键词: Jacqueline and James 第二步　查找定位到原文: 根据题干信息锁定到文本相应的方框内容。 通过文章Jacqueline Felice de Almania部分中的“Born to a Jewish family in Florence,she moved to Paris where she worked as a physician and performed surgery.”以及James Barry部分中的“She qualified as a surgeon in 1813”和“Barry retired in 1859,having practiced her entire medical profession living and working as a man.”可知,Jacqueline和James的共同点是都有资格进行外科手术。 [自主解答]　 C 　  （建议用时：40分钟） 【类型一：高考真题细节理解题片段训练】 【片段01】(2024新课标I卷第23题) AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome. Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15. Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form. Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed. We’ll be working rain or shine. Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary. Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch. No experience necessary. Training and tools will be provided. Fulfills (满足) community service requirements. 23. What are the volunteers expected to do? A. Bring their own tools. B. Work even in bad weather. C. Wear a team uniform. D. Do at least three projects. 【解答思路】 第一步：扫描题干，找关键词。关键词: volunteers, expected to do。 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息: 根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine. (我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。 第三步：比对选项信息。A项携带自己工作与原文(Training and tools will be provided.)不一致；C项未提及，原文是Wear clothes that can get dirty. Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.；D项未提及。故选B。  【片段02】( 2023·新高考Ⅱ卷第23题) 　　Photography Workshops (June 19 &July 10) 　　Enhance your photography skills—join Yellowstone’s park photographer for a hands-on program to inspire new and creative ways of enjoying the beauty and wonder of Yellowstone. 　　6/19—Waterfalls&Wide Angles: meet at Artist Point. 　　7/10—Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area. 23.Where will the participants meet for the July 10 photography workshop? A. Artist Point. B. Washburn Trailhead. C. Canyon Village Store. D. Visitor Education Center. 【解答思路】 第一步：扫描题干，找关键词。关键词:for the July 10 photography workshop 第二步：根据关键词，定位信息。定位原文信息:Photography Workshops (June 19 & July 10)部分中的“7/10 — Wildflowers &White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.” 第三步：比对选项信息。7月10日的摄影研讨会将在Washburn Trailhead举行。故选B。  【片段03】(2024新课标I卷第24题) “I am not crazy,” says Dr. William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit. “I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods. But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh. He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine – combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine. 24. What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him? A. He’s odd. B. He’s strict. C. He’s brave. D. He’s rude. 【解答思路】 一、在题干中标注定位词：some of Farber’s coworkers think of him， 二、在原文中找出信息句，即If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.， 三、比对选项与信息句，句意：如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。原句是同义替换：unusual=odd, 奇怪的。结合原文可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。可知答案为A。 【片段04】 (2023新课标Ⅱ卷第24题) Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles. 24. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo? A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family. C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts. 【解答思路】 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。关键词:What, know about, Abby Jaramillo 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。定位原文信息:And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. 原句是同义替换：initiator=started，Urban Sprouts的发起者就是创办Urban Sprouts的人。 第三步:根据关键词和定位信息可知,Abby Jaramillo是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。 【片段05】(2022全国乙卷第22题) Exhibition Times Monday-Saturday 10.00-17.45 Sunday 12.00-17.45 Last admission to the exhibition: 17.15. There is no re-admission. Closed: 24-26 December and 1 January. Admission £4. Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free. 22. How much would a couple with two children under 12 pay for admission? A.￡4. B.￡8. C.￡12. D.￡16. 第一步:扫描题干,找关键词。寻找关键词a couple with two children under 12，pay for admission。 第二步:根据关键词,定位信息。在Admission部分中标记￡4.Children under 12 years accompanied by an adult are admitted free， 三用加法推算答案，即一对夫妇应付4＋4＝8(英镑)，两个12岁以下的儿童在成人陪同下免费，即入场费为8英镑。故选B。 【类型二：高考真题细节理解题语篇训练】 【2025·浙江1月卷】Interlibrary Loan (ILL) provides teachers, students and staff with access to books that are checked out or not owned by our own libraries, as well as digitized copies of articles and book chapters from our collection. Who Can Borrow? Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL. Interlibrary loan is not available to former students, guest borrowers or fee-card holders. How Long Does It Take? Articles are usually received within 1-2 days and books in 5-10 days. However, obtaining items that are rare, recently published or in high demand may take longer. To speed up the process, please make sure the information you submit through the ILL Request Form is accurate. Length of Loans Loan periods are established by the lending library. All due dates are noted on the label. Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library. Any restrictions established by the lending library will be indicated on the label. No renewals (续借) are allowed for physical items borrowed through ILL. Notification/Delivery Options For a physical item, you will be notified by email when it arrives. Items are picked up at one of our libraries – the one you selected in the ILL Request Form. For an article or book chapter, you will be notified by email when it is available. To obtain the article or chapter, click on the link provided in the email and log into your ILL account. Once in your account, select Electronic Articles Received. Interlibrary Loan Fees Library Type Loan Cost Article/Chapter Cost Non-Profit Libraries $15 $10 For-Profit Libraries $20 $12 International Libraries $25 $15 21. Who can use the ILL service? A. Former students. B. Guest borrowers. C. Retired teachers. D. Fee-card holders. 22. What is a rule for borrowing a print book through ILL? A. Pay an extra fee for delivery. B. Renew it before the due date. C. Pick it up at the lending library. D. Return it when it is recalled. 23. How much do you pay for two articles obtained from an international library? A. $15. B. $20. C. $24. D. $30. 【导读】本文是一篇应用文，主要介绍了图书馆间互借服务（ILL），包括其服务对象、借用时长、递送服务和费用等。 【解析】 21. C。事实细节题。根据题干定位到小标题Who Can Borrow? 下的第一句Current students, teachers (including retired) and staff can request items through ILL.可知，在校学生、教师（包括退休教师）和工作人员可以通过馆际互借申请借阅。由此可知，退休教师可以使用ILL服务，故选C。 22. D。事实细节题。根据小标题Length of Loans 下的第三句Borrowed items are subject to recall by the lending library.可知，通过ILL借阅的书籍，当出借图书馆要求收回时，借阅者需要归还，故选D。 23. D。事实细节题。根据题干定位到小标题Interlibrary Loan Fees下第四行International Libraries 可知，从国际图书馆获取一篇文章或章节的费用是$15，那么两篇文章的费用是$15 ×2 = $30，故选D。 【2025·八省联考卷】 East Yorkshire Attractions Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum The Balk, Pocklington YO42 2QF Tel: 01759 307125 The gardens are beautifully laid out with two lakes, which are home to a vast collection of fish. We also have Stewart Museum, a children’s playground, a book & gift shop, and tearooms. Sunday band concerts and events are available throughout the year. Open: 10:00 am to 5:30 pm Prices: Adults £4.65, Seniors £3.95, Children £2.50 Goole Museum Carlisle Street, Goole DN14 5DS Tel: 01405 768963 The museum explores the colourful history of the town and port of Goole, with plenty of hands-on exhibits for younger visitors. The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art craft (工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Admission Free Sledmere House Sledmere, Driffield YO25 3XG Tel: 01377 236637 Sledmere House is one of Yorkshire’s most attractive houses. We have an award-winning garden, a military museum, a children’s play area, and a café & gift shop. Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons. Open: 11:30 am to 3:30 pm Prices: Adults £8.00, Seniors £6.00, Children £3.00 Bridlington Bird & Animal Park Bridlington, East Yorkshire YO15 3QF Tel: 01262 673653 The family-run park is set in a wonderful woodland environment. It offers daily shows of pig racing. We also have a range of birds and other animals to offer a fun-filled day out for families. Open: 10:00 am to 5:00 pm Prices: Adults £4.50, Seniors £4.00, Children £3.50 21. Which attraction hosts temporary exhibitions? A. Goole Museum. B. Burnby Hall Gardens & Museum. C. Sledmere House. D. Bridlington Bird & Animal Park. 22. What can tourists do at Sledmere House? A. Feed a wide range of animals. B. Watch a band concert on Sunday. C. Explore the history of the town. D. Enjoy organ music on Thursday. 23. What is the ticket price for children at Bridlington Bird & Animal Park? A. £2.50. B. £3.00. C. £3.50. D. £4.00. 【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了英国东约克郡的四个景点，主要包括其地理位置、联系方式、景点活动、开放时间及票价等信息。 21.细节理解题。根据“Goole Museum”部分中“The temporary exhibition gallery has a wide range of art craft (工艺) and local history exhibitions which changes every month. (临时展览馆有各种各样的艺术工艺和当地历史展览，每个月都有变化)”可知，古尔博物馆（Goole Museum）举办临时展览。故选A项。 22.细节理解题。根据“Sledmere House”部分中“Organ music is played on Thursday afternoons. (管风琴音乐在星期四下午演奏)”可知，在Sledmere House游客们可以在周四欣赏管风琴音乐。故选D项。 23.细节理解题。根据Bridlington Bird & Animal Park部分Prices中的“Children £3.50 (儿童3.50英镑)”可知，布里德灵顿鸟类和动物公园的儿童票价是3.5英镑。故选C项。 【2025·八省联考卷】Jane Jacobs spent her working life advancing a distinct vision of the city — in particular focusing on what makes a successful urban community. At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. She prefers disorder to order, walking to driving, and diversity to uniformity. For Jacobs, urban communities are organic beings that should be left to grow and change by themselves and not be subject to the grand plans of so-called experts and officials. The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. Jacobs argues that urban communities are best placed to understand how their city functions, because city life is created and sustained through their various interactions. Jacobs notes that the built form of a city is crucial to the life of an urban community, especially the sidewalks. The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. Diversity and mixed-use of space are also, for Jacobs, key elements of this urban form. The commercial, business, and residential elements of a city should not be separated out but instead be side by side, to allow for greater integration of people. There should also be a diversity of old and new buildings, and people's interactions should determine how buildings get used and reused. Finally, urban communities grow better in places where a critical mass of people live, work, and interact. Such high-density spaces are, she feels, engines of creativity and vitality. They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. 28. What does Jacobs find most important for a successful urban community? A. Efficient public transport. B. Strong interaction between people. C. Uniform style of buildings. D. A comparatively large population. 29. Who does Jacobs think should make decisions on urban development? A. Local residents. B. Government officials. C. City planners. D. Construction workers. 30. How does Jacobs suggest sidewalks be built? A. Lined with plants. B. Painted with clear signs. C. Tightly connected. D. Convenient for the old. 31. According to Jacobs, the “eyes on the street” bring a sense of _______. A. pride B. comfort C. security D. urgency 【答案】28. B 29. A 30. C 31. C 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要介绍了Jacobs一生致力于推进一种独特的城市愿景，尤其关注是什么造就了一个成功的城市社区。 28.细节理解题。根据文章第一段“At the heart of her vision is the idea that urban life should be an energetic and rich affair, whereby people are able to interact with one another in dense (稠密) and exciting urban environments. (她构想的核心在于，城市生活应当充满活力且丰富多彩，人们能够在密集且令人兴奋的城市环境中相互交流。)”可知，Jacobs认为对于一个成功的城市社区来说，人与人之间的强烈互动是最重要的。故选B项。 29.细节理解题。根据文章第二段“For Jacobs (对于Jacobs来说)”以及“The best judges of how a city should be — and how it should develop — are the local residents themselves. (一个城市应该如何发展，最好的评判者是当地居民自己。)”可知，Jacobs认为对城市发展做出决定的应该是当地居民。故选A项。 30.细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The streets in which people live should be a tight pattern of crossed sidewalks, which allow people to meet, talk, and get to know one another. Such a complex but ultimately enriching set of encounters helps individuals know their neighbours and neighbourhood better. (人们居住的街道应当是纵横交错的人行道构成的紧密格局，这样人们才能相遇、交谈并相互了解。这样一系列复杂但最终丰富了个人经历的相遇，有助于人们更好地了解自己的邻居和社区。)”可知，Jacobs建议如何修建连接紧密的人行道。故选C项。 31.推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“They are also safe places to be, because the higher density means that there are more “eyes on the street”: shopkeepers and locals who know their area and maintain a close watch over the neighbourhood. (它们也是安全的地方，因为人口密度高意味着有更多“街头的眼睛”：店主和当地人熟悉自己的区域，并密切留意着社区的情况。)”可知，Jacobs认为，“街头的眼睛”给人带来一种安全的感觉。故选C项。 【类型三：细节理解题名校好题调研之应用文】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东临沂·期末）Our Jane Austen Book Box Program is designed to help schools, libraries, and community group introduce Austen to new generations and diverse readers. If you work with children in grades K-12 in the U.S. or Canada and would like to introduce them to Austen, we invite you to apply for a FREE Jane Austen Book Box. Who Can Apply Schools, libraries, and community programs serving students in grades K-12 in the U.S. and Canada can apply for a Jane Austen Book Box. Book Boxes are not available to individuals or for-profit organizations, and they are not intended for resale. How the Program Works ▶Submit an Application ●Download the Book Box Application Form. Review the books available through the program, decide which title(s) you would like to receive and how many, and add that information to the application form. You may request multiple copies of one book or a mix of several titles. Email the completed application to JABookBox@jasna.org. Please apply at least six weeks in advance of when you would like the books to arrive ▶After Approval, Order the Book Box If your application is approved, you will receive a coupon code (优惠码) that will allow you to place your order on the Book Box page of the Jane Austen Books website. The cost of the books will be taken off in the checkout process. Book Boxes are awarded on a first-come, first-served basis until our funding for the year has been spent. ▶Report Your Results Book Box recipients must submit a report on the outcome of the project or program. Please email it to JABookBox@jasna.org. 1．Who can apply for a Jane Austen Book Box? A．Fans of Austen books. B．Bookstores in the U. S.. C．Kindergartens in Canada. D．For-profit organizations. 2．What will be received once the application is approved? A．A discount code. B．A confirmation email. C．An immediate book delivery. D．A list of books available. 3．What is the purpose of the program? A．To recommend a reading app. B．To raise fund for a reading program. C．To sell books written by Jane Austen. D．To introduce new readers to classics. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。介绍了简·奥斯汀的图书箱计划，该计划旨在帮助学校、图书馆和社区组织向新一代和不同读者介绍简·奥斯汀的作品。文章详细讲解了申请的流程和注意事项。 1．推理判断题。根据Who Can Apply中“Schools, libraries, and community programs serving students in grades K-12 in the U.S. and Canada can apply for a Jane Austen Book Box (在美国和加拿大，为K-12年级学生提供服务的学校、图书馆和社区项目可以申请简·奥斯汀书箱)”可知，加拿大幼儿园符合申请条件。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据After Approval,Order the Book Box中“If your application is approved, you will receive a coupon code(优惠码) (如果您的申请被批准，您将收到一个优惠码)”可知，一旦申请被批准，将会收到一个优惠码。故选A。 3．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“Our Jane Austen Book Box Program is designed to help schools, libraries, and community group introduce Austen to new generations and diverse readers (我们的简·奥斯汀图书箱计划旨在帮助学校、图书馆和社区团体向新一代和不同读者介绍奥斯汀)”可知，该计划的目的是向新读者介绍经典作品。故选D。 【调研02】（24-25高三上·安徽黄山·期末）Experience the Raw Beauty of Canada VANCOUVER There’s a reason why Vancouver never fails to impress. It is really stunning, with plenty of green open spaces, mountains and ocean views. Plus, this West Coast city also has a diverse live music and art scene, world-class museums and plenty of locally owned coffeehouses and creative restaurants with tasty foods. JASPER Jasper National Park is twice the size of Banff National Park yet draws only around half the visitors, which means you’ll encounter fewer crowds on the stunning hiking paths through valleys, mountain passes and grasslands. Keep an eye out for elk, bighorn sheep and other wild local residents. WINNIPEG Winnipeg will surprise you — a cultured big city rising out of an endless sea of flat grasslands. It’s gaining attention for its diverse dining scene, excellent new museums and the quality of its theatre, comedy and music. QUEBEC Considered the crown jewel of French Canada, Quebec is one of North America’s oldest and most remarkable settlements. Its scenic Old Town is a living museum of narrow cobblestone streets, 17th and 18th century houses and churches. There’s more than a glimmer of Old Europe in its classic pubs, sidewalk cafes and tidy squares. MONTREAL Montreal is where all the fun happens. The city lives for the arts, with more than 90 festivals throughout the year and an impressive collection of museums, galleries and performance spaces. Add in architecture that will make you think you’re in Europe and one of the most diverse food scenes in North America, and you will have a recipe for a good time. HALIFAX Salty sea breezes. Elegant heritage buildings. Celtic tunes in cosy pubs. Halifax is a delightful place to begin or end a cross-Canada adventure. The residents of this friendly East Coast city will welcome you with open arms and will be happy to share their little corner of Canada. 1．Where can you go if you are interested in animals? A．Jasper. B．Halifax. C．Montreal. D．Vancouver. 2．What do Halifax and Vancouver have in common? A．The flat grasslands. B．The mountain passes. C．The ocean views. D．The architecture. 3．Which of the following might be the best choice for museum lovers? A．Vancouver and Jasper. B．Jasper and Halifax. C．Quebec and Jasper. D．Winnipeg and Montreal. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了加拿大多个城市和地区，包括温哥华、贾斯珀、温尼伯、魁北克、蒙特利尔和哈利法克斯。 1．细节理解题。根据JASPER中“Keep an eye out for elk, bighorn sheep and other wild local residents. (留意麋鹿、大角羊和其他野生当地居民)”可知，贾斯珀国家公园有很多野生动物，对动物感兴趣可以去这里。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据VANCOUVER中“It is really stunning, with plenty of green open spaces, mountains and ocean views. (这里真的很美，有大量的绿色空地、山脉和海景)”和HALIFAX中“Salty sea breezes. (咸咸的海风)”可知，两者的共同之处是都有海景。故选C项。 3．细节理解题。根据WINNIPEG中“It’s gaining attention for its diverse dining scene, excellent new museums and the quality of its theatre, comedy and music. (它因其多样化的餐饮环境、优秀的新博物馆以及高质量的戏剧、喜剧和音乐而备受关注)”和MONTREAL中“The city lives for the arts, with more than 90 festivals throughout the year and an impressive collection of museums, galleries and performance spaces. (这座城市为艺术而生，全年有90多个节日，还有令人印象深刻的博物馆、画廊和表演空间)”可知，对于博物馆爱好者来说，温尼伯和蒙特利尔是不错的选择。故选D项。 【调研03】（24-25高三上·山东菏泽·期末）Four Famous Female Scientists Katherine Johnson Katherine Johnson graduated from college — with honors — at the same age most people graduated from high school. She later applied to a program at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics and earned a spot as one of the agency’s human computers. One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969. While NASA began using computers for the task in 1962, astronaut John Glenn refused to go into flight until Katherine checked the computer’s calculations by hand. Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin When Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin became the first woman to receive a PhD from Harvard’s Radeliffe College, no one knew how much her doctoral paper would change the world of science. Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings. It would take more than a decade for another scientist to reach the same conclusion. Lise Meitner Lise Meitner is one of only two women to have an element named in her honor — the element with the atomic number 109 is called meitnerium. She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term“nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper. During her career, she discovered what causes the Auger Effect, explained how nuclear fission works, and uncovered the element protactinium (镤). Grace Hopper Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages. She began her career in computing and worked on the Harvard Mark I computer program. Later, she created the first program that translated code into machine language, and also developed the COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language) programming language. 1．What was one of Katherine Johnson’s significant contributions? A．She earned a PhD from Harvard. B．She developed a programming language. C．She explained how nuclear fission works. D．She calculated the path for major space missions. 2．Whose conclusion about stars faced opposition from leading scientists? A．Katherine Johnson’s. B．Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin’s. C．Lise Meitner’s. D．Grace Hopper’s. 3．What do Lise Meitner and Grace Hopper have in common? A．They graduated from Harvard. B．They discovered new elements. C．They worked on something about computers. D．They were both pioneers in their own field. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．D 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四位著名女科学家。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“One of Katherine’s most important jobs was calculating the path of the first American manned spaceflight in 1961 and the Apollo moon landing in 1969.(凯瑟琳最重要的工作之一是计算1961年美国首次载人航天飞行和1969年阿波罗登月的路径)”可知，凯瑟琳·约翰逊的重要贡献之一是为重要的太空任务计算飞行路径，故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin部分中“Her conclusion that stars are composed mainly of hydrogen and helium (氦) contradicted the main theory of the time, and some of the day’s leading scientists openly questioned her findings.(她关于恒星主要由氢和氦组成的结论与当时的主流理论相矛盾，一些当时的顶尖科学家公开质疑她的发现)”可知，Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin关于恒星的结论遭到了顶尖科学家的反对。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“She was the first physics professor in Germany and the first scientist to include the term “nuclear fission (裂变)” in a published paper.(她是德国第一位物理学教授，也是第一位在发表的论文中使用“核裂变”一词的科学家)”以及最后一段“Grace Hopper was known for her pioneering work in the development of computer programming languages.(格蕾丝·霍珀因其在计算机编程语言开发方面的开创性工作而闻名)”可知，莉莎·迈特纳和格蕾丝·霍珀的共同之处是在各自领域都是先驱，故选D。 【类型四：细节理解题名校好题调研之记叙文】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东菏泽·期末）When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist. Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures. In an increasingly competitive world, kids face growing pressure from parents to be perfect and severe criticism when they fall short. Every fault is a blow to their self-esteem (自尊). I’ve lived it myself. When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question. How could I forget that the sea route to India was discovered by da Gama, but not Magellan? When I made the finals of a Mortal Kombat tournament and won a lifetime pass to a local movie theater, I didn’t celebrate. Third place is the second loser. When I won the first prize in a math test, I was disappointed. Only a 98? Not good enough. There was always a voice in the back of my mind whispering that it wasn’t enough and that I could have done better. It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism. I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures. 1．What is paragraph 1 mainly about? A．Why the author became a perfectionist. B．The disadvantage of being a perfectionist. C．How the author got the good grades in school. D．The feeling of being grateful to the author’s mother. 2．What made the author unsatisfied with what had been achieved? A．Blame from parents. B．Desire to get first prize. C．Eagerness to be perfect. D．Pressure of competitions. 3．What made the author change the attitude towards perfectionism? A．Losing expectation to succeed. B．Realizing the harm of being perfect. C．Learning lessons from other people’s failure. D．Encountering those accepting imperfection. 4．Which column of a magazine may the text be taken from? A．Parenting Styles. B．Coming-of-Age Stories. C．People of Achievement. D．Challenges Facing Youth. 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小到大追求完美，到大学时期因遇到一些人而改变对完美主义态度的成长故事。 1．主旨大意题。根据第一段“When I was growing up, my mom often said that no matter what grades I got in school, as long as I did my best, she’d be proud of me. Then she added, “But if you didn’t get an A, I’ll know you didn’t do your best.” She said it with a smile, but I took it seriously: I shouldn’t settle for anything less than perfect. My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.(在我成长的过程中，我妈妈经常说，不管我在学校取得了什么成绩，只要我做到了最好，她就会为我感到骄傲。然后她又说：“但如果你没有得到A，我就知道你没有尽力。”她说这话时面带微笑，但我却当真了：我不应该满足于任何不完美的东西。我最大的缺点是过于追求完美)”可知，第一段主要讲的是作者成为完美主义者的原因。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“Perfectionism is the desire to be 100% perfect. The goal is zero faults and no failures.(完美主义就是想要100%完美。目标是零错误，没有失败)”以及第三段“When I won the fifth-grade quiz bowl on world explorers, I beat myself up afterward for missing one question.(当我在五年级世界探险家竞赛中获胜时，我因为错过了一道题而自责)”可知，渴望完美让作者对已经取得的成就不满意。故选C。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“I met people who didn’t seem to be weighed down by the same expectations, who accepted their mistakes and saw them as opportunities for growth rather than failures. They taught me that it was okay to be imperfect, that it was human to make mistakes, and that sometimes, the most important lessons come from our failures.(我遇到了一些人，他们似乎没有被同样的期望所拖累，他们接受自己的错误，把它们视为成长的机会，而不是失败。他们告诉我，不完美是可以接受的，犯错误是人之常情，有时候，最重要的教训来自于我们的失败)”可知，遇到那些接受不完美的人让作者改变了对完美主义的态度。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段“My greatest weakness is that I’m too much of a perfectionist.(我最大的缺点是过于追求完美)”以及最后一段“It was during my college years that I started to question the value of this perfectionism.(在大学期间，我开始质疑这种完美主义的价值)”结合文章主要讲述了作者从小到大追求完美，到大学时期因遇到一些人而改变对完美主义态度的成长故事。可知，这篇文章可能取自杂志的“成长故事”专栏。故选B。 【调研02】（24-25高三上·辽宁·期末）I was a junior professor, stressed and working myself to exhaustion both at work and at home.believed that success in academic required to give my all. My devotion brought me achievements in publications, and a university position. But I was still exhausted and upset by feelings of not being good enough when I compared myself with coworkers who were more productive and fathers who seemed to be better with their kids. The turning point came a few years later during a conversation with a good friend. When I told him about my struggles, he questioned me whether doing better meant that I was not doing a good job. That helped me see that, apart from the occasional misstep, was doing well at my job and that my children were growing up in a loving home. I realized that what needed to change was not my work but my mentality. I reflected on how I wanted to behave as a scientist and a teacher. Was this career about accumulating the largest number of publications? Did I want to be a teacher who was just absorbed in his world? The answer to both questions was negative. The process of transformation didn’t unfold as smoothly as expected, particularly when it came to overcoming negative thoughts, which required a significant amount of time. Nonetheless, the positive changes I made proved to be highly beneficial. I’ve also summarized three specific points that enable me to realize my intentions while also furthering my research and career, building personal connection, sharing ideas freely and being a reliable and fun operator. I’ve seen how working with co-workers, with whom I have a personal connection unlocks creativity and Drives progress.Such connections don’t form overnight, but when I take the time to strengthen them by sharing news and personal conversations, I know the time is well spent. My productivity hasn’t suffered; if anything, my research has benefited from increased activity and engagement. 1．Why did the author feel tired and stressed? A．Because he was dissatisfied with himself. B．Because he couldn’t gain others’ recognition. C．Because he had tense relationships with his partners. D．Because he failed to balance his career and home life. 2．What motivated the author to change his mentality? A．His talking with his friend. B．His realizing his failure. C．His reflecting on his behavior. D．His questioning his own ability. 3．How did the author find his transforming process? A．Boring but effective. B．Challenging but rewarding. C．Smooth and inspiring. D．Interesting and meaningful 4．What message does the author intend to convey in the last paragraph? A．Connections can be easy to form. B．Work habits determine productivity. C．Independent thinking is the key to success. D．Meaningful relationships contribute to careers. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位初级教授工作家庭疲惫不堪，与朋友交谈后转变心态，反思职业行为，改变带来积极影响，还总结三点助力职业发展。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“But I was still exhausted and upset by feelings of not being good enough when I compared myself with coworkers who were more productive and fathers who seemed to be better with their kids. (但当我把自己和工作效率更高的同事以及似乎更会陪伴孩子的父亲们相比时，我仍然因觉得自己不够好而疲惫和沮丧。)”可知，作者是对自己不满意，觉得自己不够好，所以感到疲惫和压力。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The turning point came a few years later during a conversation with a good friend. When I told him about my struggles, he questioned me whether doing better meant that I was not doing a good job That helped me see that, apart from the occasional misstep, was doing well at my job and that my children were growing up in a loving home. I realized that what needed to change was not my work but my mentality. (几年后，在与一位好朋友的交谈中，转折点出现了。当我告诉他我的挣扎时，他问我做得更好是否意味着我做得不好。这让我看到，除了偶尔的失误外，我的工作做得很好，我的孩子在一个充满爱的家庭中长大。我意识到需要改变的不是我的工作，而是我的心态。)”可知，是和朋友的交谈促使作者改变心态。故选A。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The process of transformation didn’t unfold as smoothly as expected, particularly when it came to overcoming negative thoughts, which required a significant amount of time. Nonetheless, the positive changes I made proved to be highly beneficial. (转变的过程并没有像预期的那样顺利展开，特别是在克服负面想法方面，这需要大量的时间。尽管如此，我所做的积极改变被证明是非常有益的。)”可知，作者的转变过程并不顺利，具有挑战性，但是非常有益的。故选B。 4．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“I’ve seen how working with co-workers, with whom I have a personal connection unlocks creativity and Drives progress.Such connections don’t form overnight, but when I take the time to strengthen them by sharing news and personal conversations,I know the time is well spent.My productivity hasn’t suffered; if anything, my research has benefited from increased activity and engagement. (我已经看到了与同事一起工作是如何释放创造力和推动进步的，我与他们有着个人联系。这种联系不会在一夜之间形成，但当我花时间通过分享新闻和个人对话来加强它们时，我知道这段时间花得很好。我的生产力没有受到影响；如果说有什么不同的话，那就是我的研究受益于活动和参与度的提高。)”可知，作者看到了与同事建立个人联系如何激发创造力和推动进步，他的生产力没有受到影响，反而他的研究从增加的活动和参与中受益。因此，作者在最后一段中想要传达的信息是有意义的人际关系对职业有帮助。故选D。 【类型五：细节理解题名校好题调研之说明文】 【调研01】（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Assume you have been offered a once-in-a-lifetime job opportunity abroad, but it means leaving behind your partner who can’t follow you. You start wondering how to make the wisest decision between your career goals and your commitment to the relationship. In today’s world, where we face unexpected challenges, the pursuit for wisdom remains as relevant as ever. But what are the criteria for judging wisdom? This age-old question has puzzled great minds for centuries. And do they vary around the world? To answer these questions, we conducted a study asking 2,707 participants from 16 cultures to compare 10 hypothetical (假想的) persons. For example, the participants compared “a scientist who gathers information about animals” with “a teacher who educates kids about history”. They decided who was more likely to use effective ways to deal with complex situations when trying to make a difficult choice. Then, they rated the wisdom of each person. We analyzed all these comparisons to work out the hidden dimensions the participants relied upon and calculated the weight they gave to these dimensions when inferring the wisdom of these characters. Our findings revealed that when people make judgments about wisdom, they essentially link wisdom to two key dimensions — reflective orientation (反思性建构) and social emotional awareness. Reflective orientation involves logic, reason, control over emotions, and the application of past experiences. On the other hand, social emotional awareness involves caring for others, active listening, and the ability to adapt to complex social situations. The two dimensions are closely related, and people think about both of them when determining whether to label a character as wise. We also found a surprising commonality in how people around the world perceive wisdom in others, with both the key dimensions receiving a similar weighting across all cultures. This commonality is likely rooted in fundamental human needs: get ahead and get along. The former involves recognizing who is competent to make things happen, which is consistent with reflective orientation. The latter requires abilities related to social emotional awareness. 1．What is the assumption in Paragraph 1 about? A．Making a choice. B．Breaking a promise. C．Setting a career goal. D．Keeping a relationship. 2．What did the participants do in the study? A．They evaluated individual wisdom. B．They analyzed wisdom dimensions. C．They compared real-life wise persons. D．They addressed challenging situations. 3．In which case is social emotional awareness involved? A．A student interprets questions to a classmate. B．A scientist reaches conclusions from evidences. C．A boss chooses a green hand to serve key customers. D．A teacher takes time to learn students’ practical needs. 4．What does the last paragraph focus on? A．Distinctions of human needs. B．Similarity in rating wisdom. C．Methods of gaining wisdom. D．Interflow among cultures. 【答案】1．A 2．A 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项聚焦于智慧评判标准的研究，指出人们评判智慧主要基于反思取向和社会情感意识两个维度，且不同文化在评判智慧上有相似性。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Assume you have been offered a once-in-a-lifetime job opportunity abroad, but it means leaving behind your partner who can’t follow you. You start wondering how to make the wisest decision between your career goals and your commitment to the relationship. (假设你在国外得到了一个千载难逢的工作机会，但这意味着你要离开你的伴侣，因为他不能跟随你。你开始思考如何在你的职业目标和你对这段关系的承诺之间做出最明智的决定)”可知，这里假设了在职业目标和对感情的承诺之间做出选择的情境。故选A项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Then, they rated the wisdom of each person. (然后，他们给每个人的智慧打分)”可知，这项研究的参与者评估个人的智慧。故选A项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中“On the other hand, social emotional awareness involves caring for others, active listening, and the ability to adapt to complex social situations. (另一方面，社会情感意识包括关心他人、积极倾听和适应复杂社会情境的能力)”可推知，“一位老师花时间了解学生的实际需求”体现了关心他人、积极倾听的能力，符合社会情感意识的范畴。故选D项。 4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“We also found a surprising commonality in how people around the world perceive wisdom in others, with both the key dimensions receiving a similar weighting across all cultures. This commonality is likely rooted in fundamental human needs: get ahead and get along. (我们还发现，在世界各地的人们如何看待他人的智慧方面，有一个惊人的共性，这两个关键维度在所有文化中都得到了相似的权重。这种共性很可能根植于人类的基本需求：出人头地，和睦相处)”可知，本段聚焦于各种文化在评估智慧方面的相似性。故选B项。 【调研02】（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Robots are separated into two parts: the brain and the body. An AI brain can help run the traffic system of a city, but many robots still struggle to open a door — why is that? “Software has advanced rapidly in recent years, but hardware has not kept up. Currently, all robots rely on electricity and software to function. The robotic brain composed of software translates information to the body or hardware through an encoder (编码器), which then performs an action,” said Dr Antonio Forte, a senior lecturer in engineering at King’s College London. To overcome this, Forte’s team developed a circuit by integrating liquid-based circuits with an adjustable valve (阀) placed within a robot’s hardware. This valve acts like a switch in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside, allowing the robot to perform complex tasks without the need for electricity or instruction from the central brain. This leads robots to function independently in challenging environments, such as low-income countries that do not have reliable access to electricity. Independent from the software running it, the advanced hardware system carries the majority of computational load by itself. This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots, whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control center, with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI-powered software, and consequently they can be more aware of their social context, which provides for a new kind of robotics in places like social care and mass production. “Ultimately, without investment in such field robots will stay at a certain level after a period of growth. Soon, if we do not offload the computational tasks that modern-day robots take on, computing improvements will have little impact on their performance. The work is just a first step on this path, but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies,” Mostafa Mousa, a post-graduate researcher at King’s College London, commented. 1．What is holding back the development of robots nowadays? A．Backward hardware. B．High electricity cost. C．Low-speed encoders. D．Complex calculations. 2．How does the valve function in a robot? A．It translates information. B．It adjusts liquid pressure. C．It sends electrical signals. D．It powers robots’ brains. 3．What sets the new generation of robots apart from others? A．Autonomy with adaptability. B．Resistance to physical damage. C．Understanding of users’ likes. D．Capability to control softwares. 4．What does Mousa think of the work of Forte’s team? A．Eventful. B．Doubtful. C．Promising. D．Dismissive. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了机器人的构成，导致发展受到阻碍的原因以及解决方案。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“Software has advanced rapidly in recent years, but hardware has not kept up. Currently, all robots rely on electricity and software to function.(近年来，软件发展迅速，但硬件却没有跟上。目前，所有的机器人都依靠电力和软件来运作)”可知，硬件落后阻碍了机器人的发展。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“This valve acts like a switch in a normal circuit and engineers can send signals directly to hardware using variations in pressure from liquid inside, allowing the robot to perform complex tasks without the need for electricity or instruction from the central brain.(这个阀门的作用就像普通电路中的开关，工程师可以利用内部液体的压力变化直接向硬件发送信号，使机器人无需电力或中央大脑的指令就能完成复杂的任务)”可知，阀门通过调节液体压力在机器人中工作。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“This opens up the possibility of a new generation of robots, whose bodies could operate independently of their built-in control center, with this space potentially being used instead for more complex AI-powered software, and consequently they can be more aware of their social context, which provides for a new kind of robotics in places like social care and mass production.(这开启了新一代机器人的可能性，它们的身体可以独立于内置的控制中心运行，而这个空间可能会被用于更复杂的人工智能软件，因此它们可以更了解自己的社会环境，这为社会护理和大规模生产等领域提供了一种新型机器人)”可知，新一代机器人与其他机器人的区别是具有适应性的自主性。故选A。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The work is just a first step on this path, but the future holds smarter robots with smarter bodies(这项工作只是这条道路上的第一步，但未来会有更智能的机器人，拥有更智能的身体)”可知，穆萨认为福特团队的工作是有前途的。故选C。 【调研03】（24-25高三上·江苏常州·期末）Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of Philosophy, has found a free mode of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu, Vermander — who is also known by his Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink paintings, most of which he has created over the past decade. Born in France in 1960, Vermander has been fond of painting since childhood. However, damage to sight and hearing made it hard for him to advance his painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being “clean”. The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China and was fascinated both by the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting. “In this art form, I could find my own way of expression. I also realized that I could create much more freely than in classical Western painting, as even the ‘not clean’ part of my works can be a good part of a creation with ink. So, I decided to shift my focus on Chinese ink painting,” Vermander says. Since then, he has visited many places across China to study Chinese painting. “Every one of my Chinese ink paintings is also a philosophical article,” he adds. For him, a good work — of either art or philosophy — should allow diversity in meaning, as each one can have a different connection to his work. Vermander regards his paintings as integrated expressions of himself with daily life. Through the ink brush, he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the movement of his heart. “What I like most in Chinese ink painting is the freedom it allows you. I am not skilled in Western painting as I have bad eyes, and it is not my character to be cautious, careful and plan everything. With Chinese ink painting, I could liberate my inner wildness. My only future goal is to have more time for painting — that’s it,” he says, laughing. 1．What challenges did Vermander face in his early painting career? A．Physical problems. B．Nationality issues. C．Mental sufferings. D．Colleagues’ jealousy. 2．Vermander is interested in Chinese ink painting because of ________. A．its wildness B．its nature C．his visits to China D．his love for China 3．Which of the following is true about Vermander’s ink paintings? A．They are connected to his inner feelings. B．They are criticized for not being clean. C．They have a single and clear meaning. D．They integrate Chinese and Western styles. 4．What is the text mainly about? A．The style and techniques of Chinese ink painting. B．The comparison between Western and Chinese art. C．A foreigner finding himself in Chinese ink painting. D．A phenomenon waiting for an art foreigner to explain. 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了法国教授Benoit Vermander（中文名魏明德）对中国水墨画的热爱、学习及其作品特点。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段“However, damage to sight and hearing made it hard for him to advance his painting skills, and his brushwork was commented as not being “clean”.(然而，视力和听力的损伤使他很难提高他的绘画技巧，他的笔触被评价为不“干净”)”可知，Vermander在他早期的绘画生涯中面临的挑战是身体问题。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段“The turning point came in 1987 when Vermander made his first visit to China and was fascinated both by the history and the meanings of Chinese ink painting.(转折点出现在1987年，当时Vermander第一次访问中国，并被中国水墨画的历史和意义所吸引)”以及最后一段“ What I like most in Chinese ink painting is the freedom it allows you. (我最喜欢中国水墨画的是它给你的自由)”可知，Vermander之所以对中国水墨画感兴趣，是因为其本质。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Through the ink brush, he hopes to show his inner explorations, and the movement of his heart.(他希望通过笔墨来表现自己内心的探索和内心的运动)”可知，关于Vermander的水墨画，A选项“它们与他的内心感受有关”正确。故选A。 4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Benoit Vermander, a French professor at Fudan University’s School of Philosophy, has found a free mode of self-expression in Chinese ink paintings. Under the art name of Bendu, Vermander — who is also known by his Chinese name Wei Mingde — is exhibiting more than 60 Chinese ink paintings, most of which he has created over the past decade. (复旦大学哲学学院的法籍教授Benoit Vermander在中国水墨画中发现了一种自由的自我表达方式。Vermander的艺名是Bendu，他的中文名是魏明德，他将展出60多幅中国水墨画，其中大部分是他在过去十年创作的)”结合本文讲述了法国教授Benoit Vermander对中国水墨画的热爱、学习及其作品特点。可知，这篇文章的主要内容是一个外国人在中国水墨画中发现了自己。故选C。 【调研04】（23-24高三上·江苏·期末）Commuting to and from work can be a nightmare. Cars advance slowly in stop and go traffic, crawling from one traffic jam at stoplights to the next. At peak rush hour especially, there is no chance of sailing through a series of green lights. Now, thanks to artificial intelligence, German researchers have found a way to reduce time spent at the crossroads. Called the KI4LSA project and funded by the Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, the innovation is being tested. Scientists first studied algorithms taken from a busy intersection to learn about traffic patterns and where improvements were most needed. Then, the technology, using high-resolution cameras and radar sensors, more precisely captured the actual traffic situation and detected the average speed of the cars and their waiting times. Finally, the AI uses deep enhanced learning algorithms to calculate the best switching behaviour for the traffic lights and determine the best phase sequence to shorten waiting times at the crossroads. The results are encouraging when it is being tried out at a busy intersection in Lemgo, Germany. The intelligent lights are said to improve traffic flow by 10 to 15 percent, which results in money saved; the EU estimates that traffic jams create economic damage that adds up to 100 billion euros a year. Aside from reducing commuting time, these traffic lights will reduce noise and CO2 emissions from cars waiting at the crossroads. Another exciting development in this research is the K14PED project, which studies pedestrians crossing the crossroads. Using AI as well as a 3D points cloud, researchers can identify how many people are waiting at a pedestrian crossing and whether some of the disabled or elder people will need extra time to cross the street. Such a needs-based system could reduce pedestrian waiting time by 30 percent, which could then decrease jaywalking (乱穿马路) by 25 percent. Researchers are optimistic that it will be adopted by many countries after the tests in the German towns of Lemgo and Bielefeld. This technology is exciting news for pedestrians and drivers alike. It encourages safety, protects the environment, and may even give you more time to enjoy your morning coffee before heading off to work! 1．Why is AI used in the KI4LSA project? A．To study traffic algorithms to control CO2 emissions. B．To detect road conditions to reduce jam or speeding. C．To remind people to pass in sequence for a shorter wait. D．To adjust traffic signals to ensure efficiency at the crossroads. 2．Which of the following is true according to the passage? A．The intelligent lights serve the mere purpose of reducing commuting time. B．The better traffic flow is improved, the less economic damage is caused. C．The more cars are waiting at the crossroads, the more noise is reduced. D．The effect of traffic jams is heavier on environment than on economy. 3．What is the function of K14PED project? A．It monitors traffic conditions at intersections. B．It helps to estimate the number of jaywalkers. C．It ensures flexible crossing time for pedestrians. D．It improves the speed of vehicles on busy roads. 4．What is the main idea of this passage? A．The intelligent lights offer a blessing to transportation. B．The AI technology is bound to be a promising industry. C．Attentive traffic service lends a helping hand to seniors. D．Digital traffic systems mark the beginning of smart cities. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了德国研究人员通过人工智能技术，对交通信号灯进行改进，以提高交通流量和减少等待时间。 1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Now, thanks to artificial intelligence, German researchers have found a way to reduce time spent at the crossroads.(现在，多亏了人工智能，德国研究人员找到了一种减少在十字路口花费时间的方法。)”以及第二段“Called the KI4LSA project and funded by the Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure, the innovation is being tested. Scientists first studied algorithms taken from a busy intersection to learn about traffic patterns and where improvements were most needed. Then, the technology, using high-resolution cameras and radar sensors, more precisely captured the actual traffic situation and detected the average speed of the cars and their waiting times. Finally, the AI uses deep enhanced learning algorithms to calculate the best switching behaviour for the traffic lights and determine the best phase sequence to shorten waiting times at the crossroads.(这一创新被称为KI4LSA项目，由交通和数字基础设施部资助，目前正在进行测试。科学家们首先研究了从一个繁忙的十字路口提取的算法，以了解交通模式以及最需要改进的地方。然后，该技术使用高分辨率摄像头和雷达传感器，更精确地捕捉到实际交通状况，并检测到汽车的平均速度和等待时间。最后，人工智能使用深度增强学习算法来计算交通灯的最佳切换行为，并确定最佳相位序列，以缩短十字路口的等待时间。)”可推断，德国研究人员在KI4LSA项目中使用AI是为了使用深度增强学习算法来计算交通灯的最佳切换行为，并确定最佳相位序列，以缩短十字路口的等待时间，从而确保十字路口的交通效率。故选D。 2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The results are encouraging when it is being tried out at a busy intersection in Lemgo, Germany. The intelligent lights are said to improve traffic flow by 10 to 15 percent, which results in money saved; the EU estimates that traffic jams create economic damage that adds up to 100 billion euros a year.(当它在德国莱姆戈一个繁忙的十字路口试用时，结果令人鼓舞。据说，智能交通灯可以使交通流量改善10%到15%，从而节省资金；欧盟估计，交通堵塞每年造成的经济损失总计达1000亿欧元。)”可知，交通流量改善得越好，造成的经济损失越少。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Another exciting development in this research is the K14PED project, which studies pedestrians crossing the crossroads. Using AI as well as a 3D points cloud, researchers can identify how many people are waiting at a pedestrian crossing and whether some of the disabled or elder people will need extra time to cross the street. Such a needs-based system could reduce pedestrian waiting time by 30 percent, which could then decrease jaywalking(乱穿马路)by 25 percent.(这项研究的另一个令人兴奋的进展是K14PED项目，该项目研究过十字路口的行人。利用人工智能和3D点云，研究人员可以确定有多少人在人行横道上等待，以及是否有一些残疾人或老年人需要额外的时间过马路。这种基于需求的系统可以将行人等待时间减少30%，从而减少25%的乱穿马路现象。)”可知，K14PED项目可以将行人等待时间减少30%，从而减少25%的乱穿马路现象。由此可知，该项目可以调整行人等待的时间，从而保证行人通过的效率。故选C。 4．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Commuting to and from work can be a nightmare. Cars advance slowly in stop and go traffic, crawling from one traffic jam at stoplights to the next. At peak rush hour especially, there is no chance of sailing through a series of green lights. Now, thanks to artificial intelligence, German researchers have found a way to reduce time spent at the crossroads.(上下班通勤可能是一场噩梦。汽车在走走停停的交通中缓慢前进，从一个交通堵塞的红绿灯爬到下一个。特别是在高峰时间，没有机会通过一连串的绿灯。现在，多亏了人工智能，德国研究人员找到了一种减少在十字路口花费时间的方法。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了德国研究人员通过人工智能技术，对交通信号灯进行改进，以提高交通流量和减少等待时间，也就是智能交通灯给交通带来了福音。故选A。 ( 20 )原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$