2024年湖南省长沙市中考英语适应性试卷（四）

2024年湖南省长沙市中考英语适应性试卷（四） 二、阅读 阅读材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。 12．（6分） Yard Sale Come to Han Mei's yard.You can get some old books and toys.They are at a good price. Time：3 p.m.to 5 p.m.on Saturday &Sunday Beijing Opera Silang Visits His Mother will be on in Sunshine Movie Theater at 3 p.m.this Saturday. Ticket：50 yuan（Half price for people over 60） ______ To help people keep healthy，there will be a free talk in the People's Hall. Time：9：30 a.m.to 11：00 a.m.，Sunday Speaker：Mr.Hunt，a doctor from Beijing Cake﹣making Competition Welcome to our DIY House!The competition is for children aged 10 to 12. Time：3 p.m.，Saturday，July 30，2023 Fee：30 yuan，including the materials（材料） Prize：Two movie tickets for Pursuit of Light （1）What do Yard Sale and Beijing Opera have in common？ 　 　 A.They are at，Han Mei's yard B.They sell things at good prices. C.They start at 3：00 p.m.on Saturday. （2）Which of the following should be put in ______？ 　 　 A.Free Talk B.Story Time C.English Corner （3）Who can join in Cake﹣making Competition？ 　 　 A.4﹣year﹣old Jack. B.8﹣year﹣old Bob. C.12﹣year﹣old Gina. 13．（8分） I gave the young man I had rescued（救） bread and water.He was tired out and fell quickly asleep. I guessed his age at around twenty﹣six.He was tall and strong and looked kind，especially when he smiled.He slept only about a half.Again he made gestures（手势） to show that he was grateful to me. We communicated by gestures at first.Soon he showed himself much better at learning my language than I was at learning his.I told him I'm Robinson.I called him Friday，for it was on a Friday that I rescued him.He quickly learned"yes"and"no"and the names of many things. At first，I didn't completely trust Friday and he was separated from me in another room.But soon I found it unnecessary.Nobody would be more loyal（忠诚的） than Friday.He seemed almost to consider me like a father.Friday was also willing to help in any way. For the next three years，I taught Friday to use all my tools.I took him to see everything I had made.Friday was quick to help with the work on the island.One day，I showed Friday the ruins（残骸） of the wreck（沉船）.I explained that I had come upon the island the same way.That was when Friday told me the most amazing thing.He had seen such a wreck before，not far from his home. "We rescue the white men from drowning."he said. I asked him how many men they had rescued，and he showed me on his fingers—seventeen.I was surprised at the idea of a group of Europeans so close.I took Friday to the highest point of the island where other lands could be seen.He began jumping and dancing. （1）What does the underlined word "grateful" mean in Paragraph 2？ 　 　 A.友好的 B 感激的 C.意外的 （2）What can we learn from Paragraph 3？ 　 　 A.Friday didn't it care about learning any languages. B..Friday couldn't communicate with Robinsonat all. C.Friday learned some words from Robinson quickly. （3）Which of the following words can describe Friday over time？ 　 　 A.Tired→Thankful→Helpful→Joyful B.Thankful→Helpful→Tired→Joyful C.Joyful→Thankful→Helpful→Tired （4）Which book is the passage probably taken from ？ 　 　 A.Tom Sawyer B.Treasure Island C.Robinson Crouse 14．（8分） In Japan and the world，food waste is a big problem.In 2019，Japan produced 5.7 million tons of food waste.The government is working on reducing this to 2.7 million by 2030. Now，University of Tokyo researchers in Japan have created a new technology that uses food waste in a surprising way.Student Kota Machida and Professor Yuya Sakai say the operation can turn food waste into a strong material like cement（水泥） I hey say it is tour times stiongc*than regular concrete（普通混凝土） and is environmental﹣friendly.And you can eat it. Through a process of drying，crushing（捣碎），and compressing（压缩） the food waste，Sakai and his student Machida had successfully made cement from food waste without plastic."The most challenging part was that each type of food waste requires different temperatures and pressure levels，"Sakai said. The team have used different types of food waste to make the cement，including tea leaves，orange peens，coffee grounas，and leftover（剩下的） lunch materials.They've adjusted（调整） flavors（香味） with different spices（香料） and found the colors，smell and taste of the cement can be quite attractive. Machida and his two friends have created a company called Fabula，Inc.They are working with other companies to use the material to make products for the home."If this cement could replace plastic and cement products，it may help slow global warming（全球变暖） linked to（与……有关联） food waste，"said Machida. （1）What is the relationship between the two researchers？ 　 　 A.Workmates. B.Classmates. C.A professor and a student. （2）Which question is answered in Paragraph 3？ 　 　 A.How was the cement made from food waste？ B.Why did the researchers make cement from the food waste？ C.What are the advantages of cement made from food waste： （3）How many types of food waste are mentioned in Paragraph 4？ 　 　 A.Three. B.Four. C.Five. （4）What is the purpose of writing the passage？ 　 　 A.To tell people to stop wasting food. B.To advise people to try using the new material. C.To introduce a new way to solve environmental problems. 阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 15．（8分） Watching wild animals makes us pleased，cheers us up，and sometimes even makes us frightened（害怕的）.（1）　 　Wild geese，for example，teach a very good lesson about teamwork. In fall，Canada's wild geese fly south to get away from Canada's cold winter weather.They lift off in no order.Yet very quickly they form a"V"shape，with one bird leading the flock（鸟群）.Scientists have discovered that wild geese flying in a"V"shape can help them to save energy.In this way，they can fly 70 percent farther without rest than those flying alone. What can humans learn from this？ （2）　 　 We have found that wild geese make sound in flight to encourage those that have fallen behind to keep up with the speed.Team members should communicate with each other while working towards a common goal. Take turns.The wild goose out in front has the hardest job as it has to break up the air currents（气流）.When it gets tired，it moves behind，and another goose moves to the front.By sharing the role，the flock can travel very far.Teams can get advantages from the same idea.（3）　 　 Set a good example.When wild geese are on the ground，if something frightens the leader，it might fly off.So does the flock.But if the leader stays calm，the flock will do the same.Wild geese and people usually learn from their leaders.When leading，we must remember that our actions and feelings will be passed on to our followers. Whether it is in our personal lives or our work，we need other people.（4）　 　 If we face the difficulties alone，the risks are greater.Like wild geese，when we work together，our burdens（负担） are lighter. A.Be an encourager. B.We are encouraged by their energy. C.But do you know they can teach us？. D.It is not difficult for the will a goose to lead in front. E.Based on their experience and skills，people can take turns' sharing the leadership role. 三、语言运用 阅读短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 16．（15分） Nowadays，it seems that people all live a life of fulfilment（满足）.But in fact，there are also a group of people who are homeless，even in Germany.How many of us would （1）　 　 to see people living on the streets of a wealthy，developed country like Germany？ Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven （2）　 　 making meals for the homeless of Berlin，Germany's capital.They first began to do that in a hot summer when most Germans were away and enjoyed themselves on holiday.Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches and some delicious food by themselves， （3）　 　 a table in the street and gave the food to the homeless. The Mullers soon realized that food wasn't enough.Most of the homeless people are （4）　 　.They have no friends or relatives."What these people also need is warmth and caring，"says Rita.The Mullers gave their phone number to the street people without thinking and told them to phone anytime.Rita made sure there was somebody at home to answer the （5）　 　 and their home was always （6）　 　 to anyone who couldn't face another night on the street. The couple were soon （7）　 　 all their time and money，so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to ask for donations（捐赠）.Today，over thirty companies donate food and other goods and volunteers help to give them away to the homeless.The public also give clothes and money and a backpack producer donates new backpacks. Kurt and Rita put their love to good use by helping homeless people in Berlin.They （8）　 　 received any payment for their hard work."We feel like （9）　 　，says Rita，"and parents shouldn't expect money for helping their children.The love that we get on the streets is our salary."（10）　 　 Rita says she often gets tired，she feels good about helping other people. They will go on with their work because they like the feeling of having made a difference in the world. （1）A.like B.hope C.expect （2）A.days B.hours C.years （3）A.set up B.gave out C.put away （4）A.poor B.lonely C.hungry （5）A.phone B.letter C.question （6）A.open B.closed C.broken （7）A.saving B.wasting C.spending （8）A.never B.often C.always （9）A.parents B.children C.relatives （10）A.If B.Though C.Because 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 17．（10分） Space is no longer a mystery to human.We have sent people to the Moon by spaceships.What do you think space （1）　 　（city）will be like？ Buildings The buildings in space don't look very different from modern small towns on Earth.Science fiction films show people living in tall glass towers or living underground， （2）　 　 people won't want these.People have tried to put up buildings like the ones they know，so space travelers will do （3）　 　 same. The need for gravity（重力） Gravity makes normal life possible.With gravity，life in space can be like that on Earth.A space city with gravity would be a （4）　 　 （good） place to live than the Moon or other planets where there is very little gravity. Using sunlight All places on the Moon have 14 days of sunlight followed by 14 days of night，which （5）　 　（make） farming impossible.（6）　 　 a space city，it would always have sunlight and the length（长度） of each day could be controlled.A big mirror about two kilometers in diameter（直径） would float（漂浮） above the city.It would reflect（反射） sunlight to smaller mirrors that would direct it into the city.The shutters（百叶窗） would be used （7）　 　（control） when sunlight was let in.They would be closed to create night﹣time. Planning for a population of 10，000 The population of the city could （8）　 　 （fix） at about 10，000 people.Farmers would be able to plan （9）　 　（clear） how much food would be needed for this number of people.About 44 square meters of vegetable plants and just over five square meters of grassland would be needed for each one of （10）　 　（they）. 四、读写综合 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 18．（10分） Lanzhou lamian is a famous Chinese dish.People in Lanzhou generally call it Lanzhou Beef Noodles.Lanzhou lamian has won praise from Chinese and even the world's diners with its special taste，and has also won the name of Chinese First Noodle. The main making process of Lanzhou lamian is clear from the word la in its name，which means"stretch（拉伸）"in Chinese The chef（厨师） cooks the dough（生面团） by repeatedly stretching it to the needed thickness and shape.Lanzhou lamian also has a long history，and it is said to date back to the Qing Dynasty. According to the locals，there is no Lanzhou lamian in Lanzhou，and the local noodle dish is called Lanzhou beef noodles or Lanzhou beef noodle soup.I he earliest Lanzhou beef noodles were changed from the Lao Tang beef noodles.The main ingredient of this noodle soup is known as Lao Tang，and the noodle soup and beef cooked in this soup are very delicious. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty，Ma Liuqi took Chen Weijing as his teacher in Henan Province.He learned how to make beef noodles and brought the method to Lanzhou.After that，Chen Hesheng，Ma Baozi and others united（统一） the standard of Lanzhou beef noodles with"first the clear，second the white，third the red，fourth the green and fifth the yellow"and carried it forward. Today，more than 90% of Lanzhou lamian restaurants throughout（遍及）China are actually owned by the people from Hualong，Qinghai and Linxia，Gansu.In the 1980s，the people of Hualong began to improve the lamian business throughout China，finally called Qinghai lamian，but later replaced it with the Lanzhou Beef Lamian sign because of the greater fame of Lanzhou beef noodle soup. （1）Why is Lanzhou la mian popular with diners in China and around the world？ 　 　 （2）How can we know about Lanzhou lamian's main making process？ 　 　 （3）Where did Lanzhou la mian first come from？ 　 　 （4）When did Ma Liuqi learn how to make beef noodles？ 　 　 （5）Do you like traditional Chinese dishes？If so，please list at least one. 　 　 第二节 19．（15分）忘记忧伤，燃起希望；抛开惆怅，放飞理想。假如你是李华，你的好朋友 David 是个上进、勤奋的孩子，但最近在多个学科测试中，成绩明显下滑，自信心受挫，精.神状态不佳。请你针对他的情况，给他提出一些合理化的建议，给他加油鼓劲！要点提示： 要求： （1）短文必须包含提示中的所有要点，可适当发挥； （2）词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； （3）不得出现真实的校名和人名。 Dear David， I hear that you have some trouble with your study now.Now I am writing to offer some advice to help you. ________ Yours， Li Hua 参考答案与试题解析 二、阅读 阅读材料，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出最佳选项。 12．（6分） Yard Sale Come to Han Mei's yard.You can get some old books and toys.They are at a good price. Time：3 p.m.to 5 p.m.on Saturday &Sunday Beijing Opera Silang Visits His Mother will be on in Sunshine Movie Theater at 3 p.m.this Saturday. Ticket：50 yuan（Half price for people over 60） ______ To help people keep healthy，there will be a free talk in the People's Hall. Time：9：30 a.m.to 11：00 a.m.，Sunday Speaker：Mr.Hunt，a doctor from Beijing Cake﹣making Competition Welcome to our DIY House!The competition is for children aged 10 to 12. Time：3 p.m.，Saturday，July 30，2023 Fee：30 yuan，including the materials（材料） Prize：Two movie tickets for Pursuit of Light （1）What do Yard Sale and Beijing Opera have in common？ 　C　 A.They are at，Han Mei's yard B.They sell things at good prices. C.They start at 3：00 p.m.on Saturday. （2）Which of the following should be put in ______？ 　A　 A.Free Talk B.Story Time C.English Corner （3）Who can join in Cake﹣making Competition？ 　C　 A.4﹣year﹣old Jack. B.8﹣year﹣old Bob. C.12﹣year﹣old Gina. 【分析】短文主要介绍了四项活动。 【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据表格一Time：3 p.m.to 5 p.m.on Saturday &Sunday（时间：周六和周日下午3点至5点）和表格二Silang Visits His Mother will be on in Sunshine Movie Theater at 3 p.m.this Saturday.（《四郎探母》将于本周六下午三点在阳光电影院上映。）可知都是在星期六下午三点开始。故选C。 （2）推理判断题。根据表格三To help people keep healthy，there will be a free talk in the People's Hall.（为了帮助人们保持健康，在人民大会堂将举行一次自由报告会。）可知结合选项，自由报告，符合。故选A。 （3）细节理解题。根据表格四The competition is for children aged 10 to 12.（比赛面向10至12岁的儿童。）可知12岁的吉娜。故选C。 【点评】在通读全文的基础上，根据全文大意，展开逻辑思维，瞻前顾后，认真观察选项，仔细推敲，确定最佳答案。 13．（8分） I gave the young man I had rescued（救） bread and water.He was tired out and fell quickly asleep. I guessed his age at around twenty﹣six.He was tall and strong and looked kind，especially when he smiled.He slept only about a half.Again he made gestures（手势） to show that he was grateful to me. We communicated by gestures at first.Soon he showed himself much better at learning my language than I was at learning his.I told him I'm Robinson.I called him Friday，for it was on a Friday that I rescued him.He quickly learned"yes"and"no"and the names of many things. At first，I didn't completely trust Friday and he was separated from me in another room.But soon I found it unnecessary.Nobody would be more loyal（忠诚的） than Friday.He seemed almost to consider me like a father.Friday was also willing to help in any way. For the next three years，I taught Friday to use all my tools.I took him to see everything I had made.Friday was quick to help with the work on the island.One day，I showed Friday the ruins（残骸） of the wreck（沉船）.I explained that I had come upon the island the same way.That was when Friday told me the most amazing thing.He had seen such a wreck before，not far from his home. "We rescue the white men from drowning."he said. I asked him how many men they had rescued，and he showed me on his fingers—seventeen.I was surprised at the idea of a group of Europeans so close.I took Friday to the highest point of the island where other lands could be seen.He began jumping and dancing. （1）What does the underlined word "grateful" mean in Paragraph 2？ 　B　 A.友好的 B 感激的 C.意外的 （2）What can we learn from Paragraph 3？ 　C　 A.Friday didn't it care about learning any languages. B..Friday couldn't communicate with Robinsonat all. C.Friday learned some words from Robinson quickly. （3）Which of the following words can describe Friday over time？ 　A　 A.Tired→Thankful→Helpful→Joyful B.Thankful→Helpful→Tired→Joyful C.Joyful→Thankful→Helpful→Tired （4）Which book is the passage probably taken from ？ 　C　 A.Tom Sawyer B.Treasure Island C.Robinson Crouse 【分析】文章主要讲述了作者救助了一个年轻人，给他食物和水。这个年轻人大约26岁，高大强壮，看起来善良，尤其是他笑的时候。他们通过手势交流，年轻人学习作者的语言比作者学习他的要快得多。作者给他起名叫星期五，因为他是在星期五被救的。起初，作者并不完全信任星期五，但很快就发现这没有必要，因为没有人比星期五更忠诚。星期五愿意以任何方式帮助作者。在接下来的三年里，作者教星期五使用所有的工具，并带他去看自己制作的一切。有一天，星期五告诉作者一个惊人的消息：他曾经在他的家乡附近看到过一艘失事的船，他们救过十七个白人。这让作者感到惊讶，因为有一群欧洲人离他们如此之近。 【解答】（1）词义猜测题。根据第二段I guessed his age at around twenty﹣six.He was tall and strong and looked kind，especially when he smiled.He slept only about a half.Again he made gestures（手势） to show that he was grateful to me.（我猜想他的年龄在26岁左右。他又高又壮，看起来很和蔼，尤其是当他微笑的时候。他只睡了大约半个小时。他再次做手势表示对我的感激。）可知，第二段中下划线的单词"grateful"的意思是：感激的。故选B。 （2）细节理解题。根据第三段We communicated by gestures at first.Soon he showed himself much better at learning my language than I was at learning his.I told him I'm Robinson.I called him Friday，for it was on a Friday that I rescued him.He quickly learned"yes"and"no"and the names of many things.（起初我们用手势交流。很快，他表现出在学习我的语言方面比我学习他的语言要好得多。我告诉他我是罗宾逊。我叫他星期五，因为我是在星期五救了他。他很快学会了"是"和"不是"以及许多事物的名称。）可知，从第三段我们能了解到：星期五很快从罗宾逊那里学到了一些单词。故选C。 （3）推理判断题。根据第一段I gave the young man I had rescued（救） bread and water.He was tired out and fell quickly asleep.（我给了我救下的年轻人面包和水。他累坏了，很快就睡着了。）；第二段I guessed his age at around twenty﹣six.He was tall and strong and looked kind，especially when he smiled.He slept only about a half.Again he made gestures（手势） to show that he was grateful to me.（我猜想他的年龄在26岁左右。他又高又壮，看起来很和蔼，尤其是当他微笑的时候。他只睡了大约半个小时。他再次做手势表示对我的感激。）；第四段Friday was also willing to help in any way.（星期五也愿意以任何方式提供帮助。）和最后一段I asked him how many men they had rescued，and he showed me on his fingers—seventeen.I was surprised at the idea of a group of Europeans so close.I took Friday to the highest point of the island where other lands could be seen.He began jumping and dancing.（我问他他们救了多少人，他指给我看——十七个。我对一群欧洲人如此近的想法感到惊讶。我周五去了岛上的最高点，在那里可以看到其他陆地。他开始跳跃和跳舞。）可知，可以描述一段时间内的星期五的是：疲惫→感恩→乐于助人→快乐。故选A。 （4）推理判断题。根据文章主要讲述了鲁宾逊救助了一个年轻人，给他食物和水。这个年轻人大约26岁，高大强壮，看起来善良，尤其是他笑的时候。他们通过手势交流，年轻人学习鲁宾逊的语言比作者学习他的要快得多。鲁宾逊给他起名叫星期五，因为他是在星期五被救的。起初，鲁宾逊并不完全信任星期五，但很快就发现这没有必要，因为没有人比星期五更忠诚。星期五愿意以任何方式帮助鲁宾逊。在接下来的三年里，鲁宾逊教星期五使用所有的工具，并带他去看自己制作的一切。有一天，星期五告诉鲁宾逊一个惊人的消息：他曾经在他的家乡附近看到过一艘失事的船，他们救过十七个白人。这让鲁宾逊感到惊讶，因为有一群欧洲人离他们如此之近，可知，这篇文章可能摘自《鲁宾逊漂流记》。故选C。 【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。 14．（8分） In Japan and the world，food waste is a big problem.In 2019，Japan produced 5.7 million tons of food waste.The government is working on reducing this to 2.7 million by 2030. Now，University of Tokyo researchers in Japan have created a new technology that uses food waste in a surprising way.Student Kota Machida and Professor Yuya Sakai say the operation can turn food waste into a strong material like cement（水泥） I hey say it is tour times stiongc*than regular concrete（普通混凝土） and is environmental﹣friendly.And you can eat it. Through a process of drying，crushing（捣碎），and compressing（压缩） the food waste，Sakai and his student Machida had successfully made cement from food waste without plastic."The most challenging part was that each type of food waste requires different temperatures and pressure levels，"Sakai said. The team have used different types of food waste to make the cement，including tea leaves，orange peens，coffee grounas，and leftover（剩下的） lunch materials.They've adjusted（调整） flavors（香味） with different spices（香料） and found the colors，smell and taste of the cement can be quite attractive. Machida and his two friends have created a company called Fabula，Inc.They are working with other companies to use the material to make products for the home."If this cement could replace plastic and cement products，it may help slow global warming（全球变暖） linked to（与……有关联） food waste，"said Machida. （1）What is the relationship between the two researchers？ 　C　 A.Workmates. B.Classmates. C.A professor and a student. （2）Which question is answered in Paragraph 3？ 　A　 A.How was the cement made from food waste？ B.Why did the researchers make cement from the food waste？ C.What are the advantages of cement made from food waste： （3）How many types of food waste are mentioned in Paragraph 4？ 　B　 A.Three. B.Four. C.Five. （4）What is the purpose of writing the passage？ 　C　 A.To tell people to stop wasting food. B.To advise people to try using the new material. C.To introduce a new way to solve environmental problems. 【分析】本文主要讲述日本东京大学的研究人员使用特殊的技术在减少食物浪费的同时解决水泥制造行业产生严重污染的问题。 【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第2段中Student Kota Machida and Professor Yuya Sakai say the operation can turn food waste into a strong material like cement I hey say it is tour times stiongc*than regular concrete and is environmental﹣friendly.（学生Kota Machida和教授Yuya Sakai说，这种操作可以将食物垃圾变成像水泥一样的坚固材料。）可知这两位研究人员之间的关系是一个教授和一个学生，故选C。 （2）推理判断题。根据第3段Through a process of drying，crushing，and compressing the food waste，Sakai and his student Machida had successfully made cement from food waste without plastic."The most challenging part was that each type of food waste requires different temperatures and pressure levels，"Sakai said.（通过对食物垃圾进行干燥、粉碎和压缩的过程，Sakai和他的学生Machida成功地用没有塑料的食物垃圾制成了水泥。Sakai说："最具挑战性的是，每种食物垃圾都需要不同的温度和压力水平。"）可知本段回答了这些水泥是如何用食物残渣制成的，故选A。 （3）细节理解题。根据第4段The team have used different types of food waste to make the cement，including tea leaves，orange peens，coffee grounas，and leftover lunch materials...（该团队使用了不同类型的食物垃圾来制作水泥，包括茶叶、橘子皮、咖啡松鸡和午餐剩料……）可知第4段提到了四种食物垃圾，故选B。 （4）主旨大意题。根据第2段首句Now，University of Tokyo researchers in Japan have created a new technology that uses food waste in a surprising way.（现在，日本东京大学的研究人员创造了一种新技术，以一种令人惊讶的方式利用食物垃圾。）以及通读全文，可知本文主要讲述日本东京大学的研究人员使用特殊的技术在减少食物浪费的同时解决水泥制造行业产生严重污染的问题。因此写这篇文章的目的是介绍一种解决环境问题的新方法，故选C。 【点评】通读全文，理解文章大意，阅读题目后返回原文阅读并找出与题目相对应的内容，仔细核对，选择符合原文原意的答案，完成后再次阅读并检查。 阅读短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余选项。 15．（8分） Watching wild animals makes us pleased，cheers us up，and sometimes even makes us frightened（害怕的）.（1）　C　Wild geese，for example，teach a very good lesson about teamwork. In fall，Canada's wild geese fly south to get away from Canada's cold winter weather.They lift off in no order.Yet very quickly they form a"V"shape，with one bird leading the flock（鸟群）.Scientists have discovered that wild geese flying in a"V"shape can help them to save energy.In this way，they can fly 70 percent farther without rest than those flying alone. What can humans learn from this？ （2）　A　 We have found that wild geese make sound in flight to encourage those that have fallen behind to keep up with the speed.Team members should communicate with each other while working towards a common goal. Take turns.The wild goose out in front has the hardest job as it has to break up the air currents（气流）.When it gets tired，it moves behind，and another goose moves to the front.By sharing the role，the flock can travel very far.Teams can get advantages from the same idea.（3）　E　 Set a good example.When wild geese are on the ground，if something frightens the leader，it might fly off.So does the flock.But if the leader stays calm，the flock will do the same.Wild geese and people usually learn from their leaders.When leading，we must remember that our actions and feelings will be passed on to our followers. Whether it is in our personal lives or our work，we need other people.（4）　B　 If we face the difficulties alone，the risks are greater.Like wild geese，when we work together，our burdens（负担） are lighter. A.Be an encourager. B.We are encouraged by their energy. C.But do you know they can teach us？. D.It is not difficult for the will a goose to lead in front. E.Based on their experience and skills，people can take turns' sharing the leadership role. 【分析】本文主要是举出野鹅群飞时，团队合作的例子，来告诉大家团队合作的重要性。 【解答】（1）细节推理题。根据下文Wild geese，for example，teach a very good lesson about teamwork.（例如，大雁给我们上了一堂关于团队合作的好课。）可知说的是动物也能给我们上课。C项"但你知道他们能教我们吗？"符合题意。故选C。 （2）细节推理题。根据下文We have found that wild geese make sound in flight to encourage those that have fallen behind to keep up with the speed.（我们发现，大雁在飞行中会发出声音，鼓励那些落后的人跟上速度。）可知在飞行中，野鹅会发出声音鼓励那些落后的同伴跟上速度。可知A项"鼓励他人。"符合题意。故选A。 （3）细节推理题。根据上文By sharing the role，the flock can travel very far.Teams can get advantages from the same idea.（通过分担角色，羊群可以走得很远。团队可以从相同的想法中获得优势。）可知，轮流分享领导角色，团队可以走得更远。E项"根据他们的经验和技能，人们可以轮流分担领导角色。"符合题意。故选E。 （4）细节推理题。根据上文Whether it is in our personal lives or our work，we need other people.（无论是在我们的个人生活还是工作中，我们都需要其他人。）可知，无论是在我们的个人生活还是工作中，我们都需要其他人。B项"他们的精力鼓舞了我们。"符合题意。故选B。 【点评】首先通读全文，了解文章大意；其次掌握每段的主旨大意，并选出中心句；最后要再次阅读文章检查，避免错误。 三、语言运用 阅读短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 16．（15分） Nowadays，it seems that people all live a life of fulfilment（满足）.But in fact，there are also a group of people who are homeless，even in Germany.How many of us would （1）　C　 to see people living on the streets of a wealthy，developed country like Germany？ Kurt Muller and his wife Rita have spent eleven （2）　C　 making meals for the homeless of Berlin，Germany's capital.They first began to do that in a hot summer when most Germans were away and enjoyed themselves on holiday.Kurt and his wife stayed at home，made sandwiches and some delicious food by themselves， （3）　A　 a table in the street and gave the food to the homeless. The Mullers soon realized that food wasn't enough.Most of the homeless people are （4）　B　.They have no friends or relatives."What these people also need is warmth and caring，"says Rita.The Mullers gave their phone number to the street people without thinking and told them to phone anytime.Rita made sure there was somebody at home to answer the （5）　A　 and their home was always （6）　A　 to anyone who couldn't face another night on the street. The couple were soon （7）　C　 all their time and money，so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to ask for donations（捐赠）.Today，over thirty companies donate food and other goods and volunteers help to give them away to the homeless.The public also give clothes and money and a backpack producer donates new backpacks. Kurt and Rita put their love to good use by helping homeless people in Berlin.They （8）　A　 received any payment for their hard work."We feel like （9）　A　，says Rita，"and parents shouldn't expect money for helping their children.The love that we get on the streets is our salary."（10）　B　 Rita says she often gets tired，she feels good about helping other people. They will go on with their work because they like the feeling of having made a difference in the world. （1）A.like B.hope C.expect （2）A.days B.hours C.years （3）A.set up B.gave out C.put away （4）A.poor B.lonely C.hungry （5）A.phone B.letter C.question （6）A.open B.closed C.broken （7）A.saving B.wasting C.spending （8）A.never B.often C.always （9）A.parents B.children C.relatives （10）A.If B.Though C.Because 【分析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了库尔特•穆勒和他的妻子丽塔在德国柏林为无家可归者提供食物和关怀的故事。 【解答】（1）考查动词。句意：我们中有多少人会期望看到人们生活在像德国这样富裕的发达国家的街头？A喜欢；B希望；C期盼；结合句意可知，此时是表示"期待，期望做某事"，即：expect to do sth.前面的would表示"愿意"，故选C。 （2）考查名词。句意：库尔特•穆勒和他的妻子丽塔花了11年时间为德国首都柏林的无家可归者做饭。A天；B小时；C年；根据下一句：They first began to do that in a hot summer when most Germans were away and enjoyed themselves on holiday.（他们第一次这么做是在一个炎热的夏天，当时大多数德国人都外出度假了。）由此可知，夫妇两个坚持为无家可归者做饭不是几天，也不是几小时，而是很多年，因此years符合此空。故选C。 （3）考查动词短语。句意：库尔特和他的妻子呆在家里，自己做三明治和一些美味的食物，在街上摆了一张桌子，把食物分给无家可归的人。A建立，设置；B放出；发出；C收起，放好；根据短语含义，以及后面的名词table可知，短语set up符合此空，故选A。 （4）考查形容词。句意：大多数无家可归的人都很孤独。A贫穷的；B孤独的；C饥饿的；根据下一句：They have no friends or relatives.（他们没有朋友或亲戚。）可知，他们是孤独的，故选B。 （5）考查名词。句意：丽塔确保家里有人接电话。A电话；B信件；C问题；根据上一句：The Mullers gave their phone number to the street people without thinking and told them to phone anytime.（穆勒夫妇不假思索地把自己的电话号码给了街上的人，让他们随时打电话。）此时动词answer和phone搭配是表示"接听电话"，符合语境，故选A。 （6）考查形容词。句意：丽塔确保家里有人接电话，他们的家总是向任何不想再在街上过夜的人敞开。A敞开的；B关闭的；C破碎的；根据前半句：Rita made sure there was somebody at home to answer the phone（丽塔确保家里有人接电话），此时连词and后的内容和前面要保持一致：他们的家总是向任何不想再在街上过夜的人敞开着，故选A。 （7）考查动词。句意：这对夫妇很快就花光了他们所有的时间和金钱，所以库尔特去食品和服装公司寻求捐赠。A节约；B；浪费；C花费；根据后半句：so Kurt visited food and clothing companies to ask for donations（所以库尔特去食品和服装公司寻求捐赠）可知，他们花光了自己的钱，因此动词spend的含义符合此空，故选C。 （8）考查副词。句意：他们的辛勤工作从未得到任何报酬。A从不；B经常；C总是；根据下一句：and parents shouldn't expect money for helping their children.（父母不应该期望用钱来帮助孩子）可知，夫妇从没有得到任何报酬，故选A。 （9）考查名词。句意：我们觉得自己像父母。A父母；B孩子们；C亲戚；根据下一句：and parents shouldn't expect money for helping their children.（父母不应该期望用钱来帮助孩子）可知，他们觉得自己像父母，那些无家可归的人像需要帮助的孩子，故选A。 （10）考查连词。句意：虽然丽塔说她经常感到累，但是帮助别人让她感觉很好。A如果；B尽管；C因为；根据前后句的句意可知，它们之间是转折关系，即：虽然丽塔说她经常感到累，但是帮助别人让她感觉很好。故选B。 【点评】首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。 阅读短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 17．（10分） Space is no longer a mystery to human.We have sent people to the Moon by spaceships.What do you think space （1）　cities　（city）will be like？ Buildings The buildings in space don't look very different from modern small towns on Earth.Science fiction films show people living in tall glass towers or living underground， （2）　but　 people won't want these.People have tried to put up buildings like the ones they know，so space travelers will do （3）　the　 same. The need for gravity（重力） Gravity makes normal life possible.With gravity，life in space can be like that on Earth.A space city with gravity would be a （4）　better　 （good） place to live than the Moon or other planets where there is very little gravity. Using sunlight All places on the Moon have 14 days of sunlight followed by 14 days of night，which （5）　makes　（make） farming impossible.（6）　In　 a space city，it would always have sunlight and the length（长度） of each day could be controlled.A big mirror about two kilometers in diameter（直径） would float（漂浮） above the city.It would reflect（反射） sunlight to smaller mirrors that would direct it into the city.The shutters（百叶窗） would be used （7）　to control　（control） when sunlight was let in.They would be closed to create night﹣time. Planning for a population of 10，000 The population of the city could （8）　be fixed　 （fix） at about 10，000 people.Farmers would be able to plan （9）　clearly　（clear） how much food would be needed for this number of people.About 44 square meters of vegetable plants and just over five square meters of grassland would be needed for each one of （10）　them　（they）. 【分析】本文讲述了太空城市是什么样的。 【解答】（1）考查名词。句意：你认为太空城市会是什么样的？根据句子，可知这里用city的复数形式cities。故答案为：cities。 （2）考查连词。句意：科幻电影展示了人们住在高高的玻璃塔里或者住在地下，但是人们不想要这些。根据句意，可知这里用连词but"但是"表示转折。故答案为：but。 （3）考查冠词。句意：人们试图建造像他们所知道的那样的建筑，所以太空旅行者也会这样做。the same"相同的"。故答案为：the。 （4）考查形容词比较级。句意：与月球或其他几乎没有重力的星球相比，有重力的太空城市更适合居住。根据than可知，这里用good的比较级better，修饰名词place。故答案为：better。 （5）考查动词。句意：月球上的所有地方都有14天的阳光和14天的黑夜，这使得农业无法进行。根据句子，可知为定语从句，这里which指代All places on the Moon have 14 days of sunlight followed by 14 days of night（月球上的所有地方都有14天的阳光和14天的黑夜）可知，时态为一般现在时，which指代句子，故用make的第三人称单数形式makes。故答案为：makes。 （6）考查介词。句意：在太空城市里，它将永远有阳光，每天的长度可以控制。in a space city（在太空城市里）可知，in位于句首，首字母需要大写。故答案为：In。 （7）考查动词不定式。句意：百叶窗将用于控制阳光何时进入。be used to do sth"被用来做某事"，故用动词control的不定式to control。故答案为：to control。 （8）考查情态动词的被动语态。句意：这座城市的人口可能固定在1万人左右。根据The population of the city（这座城市的人口）和句意，可知，这里为情态动词的被动语态，为could be fixed。故答案为：be fixed。 （9）考查副词。句意：农民可以清楚地计划这些人需要多少食物。根据句子，可知这里用clear的副词形式clearly修饰动词plan。故答案为：clearly。 （10）考查人称代词宾格。句意：其中每一个大约需要44平方米的蔬菜植物和5平方米多一点的草地。介词of后跟they的宾格形式them。故答案为：them。 【点评】语法填空题要根据上下文语境，运用语法和词汇知识，反复推敲以求得解答。对于同义词和近义词的选项，在充分考虑到上下文具体语境下特别注意这些同义词和近义词搭配。 四、读写综合 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 18．（10分） Lanzhou lamian is a famous Chinese dish.People in Lanzhou generally call it Lanzhou Beef Noodles.Lanzhou lamian has won praise from Chinese and even the world's diners with its special taste，and has also won the name of Chinese First Noodle. The main making process of Lanzhou lamian is clear from the word la in its name，which means"stretch（拉伸）"in Chinese The chef（厨师） cooks the dough（生面团） by repeatedly stretching it to the needed thickness and shape.Lanzhou lamian also has a long history，and it is said to date back to the Qing Dynasty. According to the locals，there is no Lanzhou lamian in Lanzhou，and the local noodle dish is called Lanzhou beef noodles or Lanzhou beef noodle soup.I he earliest Lanzhou beef noodles were changed from the Lao Tang beef noodles.The main ingredient of this noodle soup is known as Lao Tang，and the noodle soup and beef cooked in this soup are very delicious. During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty，Ma Liuqi took Chen Weijing as his teacher in Henan Province.He learned how to make beef noodles and brought the method to Lanzhou.After that，Chen Hesheng，Ma Baozi and others united（统一） the standard of Lanzhou beef noodles with"first the clear，second the white，third the red，fourth the green and fifth the yellow"and carried it forward. Today，more than 90% of Lanzhou lamian restaurants throughout（遍及）China are actually owned by the people from Hualong，Qinghai and Linxia，Gansu.In the 1980s，the people of Hualong began to improve the lamian business throughout China，finally called Qinghai lamian，but later replaced it with the Lanzhou Beef Lamian sign because of the greater fame of Lanzhou beef noodle soup. （1）Why is Lanzhou la mian popular with diners in China and around the world？ 　Because of its special taste.　 （2）How can we know about Lanzhou lamian's main making process？ 　From the word la in its name.　 （3）Where did Lanzhou la mian first come from？ 　Henan Province.　 （4）When did Ma Liuqi learn how to make beef noodles？ 　During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty.　 （5）Do you like traditional Chinese dishes？If so，please list at least one. 　Yes.Beijing roast duck.　 【分析】本文主要介绍了兰州拉面的一些情况。 【解答】（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Lanzhou lamian has won praise from Chinese and even the world's diners with its special taste，and has also won the name of Chinese First Noodle.（兰州拉面以其独特的口味赢得了中国乃至世界食客的赞誉，也赢得了中国第一面的称号。）可知，兰州拉面因为其独特的口味受到中国和世界各地食客的欢迎。故填Because of its special taste. （2）细节理解题。根据第二段The main making process of Lanzhou lamian is clear from the word la in its name（兰州拉面的主要制作过程可以从它名字中的"拉"一词中看出）可知，我们可以从它名字中的"拉"一词中了解兰州拉面的主要制作工艺。故填From the word la in its name. （3）细节理解题。根据第四段During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty，Ma Liuqi took Chen Weijing as his teacher in Henan Province.He learned how to make beef noodles and brought the method to Lanzhou .（清嘉庆年间，马六七在河南省师从陈维敬。他学会了牛肉面的制作方法，并将其带到了兰州。）可知，兰州拉面最早起源于河南省。故填Henan Province. （4）细节理解题。根据第四段During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty，Ma Liuqi took Chen Weijing as his teacher in Henan Province.（清嘉庆年间，马六七在河南省师从陈维敬。）可知，马六七在清朝嘉庆年间学会了做牛肉面。故填During the Jiaqing period of the Qing Dynasty. （5）主观表达题。我喜欢传统的中国菜。例如，北京烤鸭。故填Yes.Beijing roast duck. 【点评】做题时首先对原文材料迅速浏览，掌握全文的主旨大意。其次，细读题材，各个击破。掌握全文的大意之后，细细阅读材料后的问题，弄清每题要求后，带着问题，再回到原文中去寻找、捕获有关信息。 第二节 19．（15分）忘记忧伤，燃起希望；抛开惆怅，放飞理想。假如你是李华，你的好朋友 David 是个上进、勤奋的孩子，但最近在多个学科测试中，成绩明显下滑，自信心受挫，精.神状态不佳。请你针对他的情况，给他提出一些合理化的建议，给他加油鼓劲！要点提示： 要求： （1）短文必须包含提示中的所有要点，可适当发挥； （2）词数80左右（开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数）； （3）不得出现真实的校名和人名。 Dear David， I hear that you have some trouble with your study now.Now I am writing to offer some advice to help you. ________ Yours， Li Hua 【分析】【高分句型一】 Thirdly，you should not stay up late to study，as good sleep is very important.第三，你不要熬夜太晚学习，因为良好的睡眠非常重要。as引导的原因状语从句。 【高分句型二】 I hope my suggestions are helpful to you.希望我的建议对你有所帮助。I hope+宾语从句。 【解答】Dear David， I hear that you have some trouble with your study now.Now I am writing to offer some advice to help you.Firstly，you must set a very clear goal. （首先，你一定要设置一个非常明显的目标。）This goal should not be too big for now，as long as you work hard，it can be achieved to improve your confidence.Secondly，you should manage your time well. （第二，你应该管理好的时间。）You can create a schedule and strictly follow it to complete your tasks.Thirdly，you should not stay up late to study，as good sleep is very important.【高分句型一】（第三，你不要熬夜太晚学习，因为良好的睡眠非常重要。） Fourthly，you need to maintain a good mindset.You need to relax appropriately，such as listening to music，running，etc.Finally，when you encounter problems，be sure to seek help in a timely manner.（其它） I hope my suggestions are helpful to you.【高分句型二】 Yours， Li Hua 【点评】能够根据提示进行书面表达，能够围绕主题准确使用一定的语法、词汇、短语和句型等，清楚连贯地表达自己的思想，进而完成写作任务。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$