精品解析：山东省泰安市宁阳县2024-2025学年八年级上学期期末考试英语试题

2024—2025学年度第一学期期末质量监测 八年级英语试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。第Ⅰ卷1至6页，第Ⅱ卷7至8页，共150分。考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，请考生仔细阅读答题卡上的注意事项，并务必按照相关要求作答。 2. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷（共80分） 第一部分 听力（共25小题；1-20小题每小题1分，21-25小题每小题2分，满分30分） （一）听句子，选择适当的应答语。每个句子读两遍。 1. A. That’s amazing. B. Yes, sure. C. It’s fantastic. 2. A. Yes, many times. B. No, I didn’t. C. Never mind. 3. A. That’s strange. B. He was sleeping. C. I was cooking. 4. A. It’s really interesting. B. Don’t worry. C. Me, too. 5. A. Not at all. B. Be quiet. C. The school soccer match. （二）听五段对话，选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面5小题。 6. Who went to the museum with Bob? A. His brother. B. His friend. C. No one. 7 What was the woman doing at the time of rainstorm? A. Walking home. B. Studying on the computer. C. Taking a walk. 8. What’s the woman’s advice? A. Asking the math teacher for some help. B. He can do it by himself. C. He can see the answer. 9. What does Tina think of Treasure Island? A. It’s really good. B. It’s fantastic C. It looks interesting 10 Why does Chen Hui left his hometown? A. To go to university. B. To find a job. C. To look for his mother. （三）听两段长对话，选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍，听每段对话前你将有10秒钟的时间阅读对应的3个小题。 听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13小题。 11. What’s the matter with Ted? A. His bike was lost. B. He missed his best friend in America. C. He had a fight with Mike. 12. Why didn’t Ted want to write a letter? A. He wanted to send an e-mail. B. He was not good at writing letters. C. He wanted to say sorry to his friend. 13. Who gives Ted advice? A. Anne. B. Mike. C. Alice. 请听第二段对话，回答第14至第16小题。 14. What did Ken do this afternoon? A. Saw a film. B. Stayed at school. C. Went to a concert. 15. Whom did Ken go to the concert with? A. His friends. B. His classmates. C. His parents. 16. What did Ken’s mum think at first? A. Ken didn’t go to school. B. Ken didn’t go to the concert. C. Ken didn’t go shopping. （四）听短文，回答下面四个问题，选择正确答案。短文读两遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面4个小题. 17. When did Jim climb the mountain? A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. 18. What happened to Jim? A. He lost an arm. B. He broke a leg. C. He had a fever. 19. What did Jim do on the ground? A. He wrote a message with stones. B. He threw away the stones. C. He dug a hole. 20. Who saved Jim at last? A. His parents. B. The police. C. His teachers and friends. （五）听短文，填表格。 根据短文内容，写出下面表格中所缺信息，每一词。短文读三遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读表格内容。答题完毕后，请将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。 How to deal with our stress in our ________ and study? First You should try your best to study hard and get good ________. Second You can ________ with your good friends, parents or teachers. Third ●________ to some music ●Seeing a movie, ●Playing sports ●Going hiking ●Seeing a doctor. In a word It’s very ________ to deal with your stress 第二部分 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出能填入短文相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My family lived near a river when I was five years old. That summer, there were ____1____ for days. One night, my mother held me in her arms and told me a story. Later, we fell asleep. As we were at home, my dad ____2____ with other men to watch the rising water in the river. The water kept ____3____ and the river became much wider. ____4____ it rained more heavily, the water was getting closer and closer to the houses, so those men quickly went back to warn (警告) everyone about it. Hearing Dad’s shouting, my mum ____5____ got up and carried me on her back. ____6____ I opened my eyes, my mother was running away from our home towards the dam (坝). Right after we ____7____, the river water began coming into my home. I spent the night on the top of the dam with the other children. I remembered we watched the ____8____ in front of us running fast, carrying some furniture and rubbish from nowhere. The storms ended after a few days. People hurried home to ____9____ their things. When I got home, people were busy drying furniture and washing clothes. In fact, ____10____ more or less lost things, but nobody complained (抱怨). After many years, those houses became a road. And every time I walked by, I would say to my friends, “Well, you know, I learned to live with floods (洪水) there.” 1. A. clouds B. snows C. storms 2. A. went out B. landed on C. got off 3. A. going B. rising C. working 4. A. But B. Though C. As 5. A. clearly B. luckily C. quickly 6. A. If B. When C. Till 7. A. left B. paid C. hid 8. A. power B. river C. sea 9. A. check B. return C. change 10. A. nobody B. anyone C. everyone 【答案】1. C 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. A 8. B 9. A 10. C 【解析】 【导语】本文作者介绍了自己五岁时遇到暴风雨和洪水的经历。 【1题详解】 句意：那年夏天，暴风雨持续了好几天。 clouds云；snows雪；storms暴风雨。根据下文“The storms ended after a few days. ”可知，空处是指暴风雨，故选C。 【2题详解】 句意：当我们在家里的时候，我爸爸和其他男人出去看河里上涨的水位。 went out出去；landed on降落在；got off下车。根据“to watch the rising water in the river.”可知，是出去看河里上涨的水位。故选A。 【3题详解】 句意：河水不断上涨，河水变得更宽了。 going去；rising上升；working工作。根据“...and the river became much wider.”可知，河水不断上涨，河水也就变得更宽了。故选B。 【4题详解】 句意：雨下得越来越大，水越来越近房子，所以那些人赶紧回去警告大家。 But但是；Though虽然；As由于。根据“...it rained more heavily, the water was getting closer and closer to the houses”可知，由于水位持续升高，所以要警告大家赶快离开，故选C。 【5题详解】 句意：听到爸爸的喊声，妈妈赶紧站起来，把我背在背上。 clearly清楚地；luckily幸运地；quickly快速地。根据“Hearing Dad’s shouting”可知，当时妈妈应该是迅速地站起来，故选C。 【6题详解】 句意：当我睁开眼睛时，我的妈妈正从我们家向水坝跑去。 If如果；When当……时候；Till直到。根据“I opened my eyes, my mother was running away from our home towards the dam (坝)”可知，当作者睁开眼睛时，妈妈正在向水坝跑去。故选B。 【7题详解】 句意：就在我们离开后，河水开始流入我家。 left离开；paid支付；hid隐藏。根据“the river water began coming into my home.”可知，是离开家后，河水开始流入作者家里，故选A。 【8题详解】 句意：我记得我们看着前面的河水湍急地流着，不知从哪里带来了一些家具和垃圾。 power力量；river河流；sea大海。全文都是在讲河流，故选B。 【9题详解】 句意：人们急忙回家检查他们的东西。 check检查；return归还；change改变。根据“People hurried home to...their things.”可知，人们回家是为了检查自己的东西，故选A。 【10题详解】 句意：其实每个人都或多或少失去了东西，只是没有人抱怨。 nobody没有人；anyone任何人；everyone每个人。根据“more or less lost things, but nobody complained (抱怨).”可知，每个人都会或多或少失去了东西。故选C。 第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A Sorry, kids. I’m sleepy. I am one of the longest-sleeping animals in the world. How many hours do you sleep every day? Maybe 10 hours? I need twice as long! Many people think I am lazy, but it’s not true. I sleep so much because I have a strange (奇怪的) diet. As you can see, I only eat eucalyptus (桉树) leaves. Eucalyptus leaves are full of water. I can eat more than 0.5 kg of these leaves each day and I don’t often drink. My name means “no drink” in an Australian language. But there is one big problem: Eucalyptus leaves are not delicious and they are low in calories (卡路里). I get very little energy from them. Think about eating salad all day, you would look as sleepy as I do! What’s more, the leaves are highly toxic! If other animals eat them, they will die. Luckily, I have a strong digestive system (消化系统). It works very hard to break down the toxins. So tiring! To save energy, I sleep nearly all day long. Now you know why I spend so much time in my tree. Don’t call me lazy any more. 11. How long does the animal sleep at least every day? A. 20 hours. B. 15 hours. C. 10 hours. D. 5 hours. 12. Why does the animal get little energy from Eucalyptus leaves? A. Because the animal eats salad all day. B. Because Eucalyptus leaves are full of water. C. Because the animal sleeps so much and has a strange diet. D. Because Eucalyptus leaves are not delicious and they are low in calories. 13. What does the underlined word “toxic” mean? A. 有毒的 B. 难吃的 C. 美味的 D. 酸的 14. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The animal is very lazy. B. The animal has a weak digestive system. C. The animal spends much time sleeping on the road. D. The animal is one of the longest-sleeping animals in the world. 【答案】11. A 12. D 13. A 14. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了树袋熊的生活习性。 【11题详解】 细节理解题。根据“How many hours do you sleep every day? Maybe 10 hours? I need twice as long!”可知，这种动物每天要睡20个小时。故选A。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据“Eucalyptus leaves are not delicious and they are low in calories (卡路里). I get very little energy from them.”可知，桉树叶不好吃，而且热量低。所以这种动物从它们那里得到的能量很少。故选D。 【13题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“If other animals eat them, they will die.”可知动物吃了会死，可见是有毒的，故划线单词toxic意为“有毒的”。故选A。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据“I am one of the longest-sleeping animals in the world.”可知，这种动物是世界上睡得最久的动物之一。故选D。 B Beijing Opera, Ink wash painting, paper cutting…, what happens if we use these traditional art styles in cartoons? In fact, Chinese cartoon makers have been working on this. Their works are full of Chinese features. Little Tadpole Looking for Mummy, 1960. This is China’s first ink wash painting cartoon. The cartoon makers drew all the animals, plants and rocks in the film with ink and brush. It’s only about 15 minutes long, but it took lots of work. The Legend of Sealed Book, 1983. It also uses ink wash painting for its backgrounds. And it borrows other arts, too. The characters used makeup (妆容) in Beijing Opera to help show their personalities. “It shows Chinese artists’ ideas in cartoons—special, funny and beautiful?” said the film maker. Pigsy Eats Watermelon, 1958, Zhu Bajie finds some watermelons, he doesn’t bring the fruit back to his hungry friends, but enjoys the watermelons all by himself. The character Zhu Bajie was cut out of colored paper. Cartoon makers moved its body parts and let it “eat” the watermelon. The Story of Afanti, 1979, The wise man Afanti fights against the bad people and helps the poor. In this cartoon, all the “actors” and “actresses” are puppets. They are made of wood and cloth, but they look just like real people. 15. What does the underlined word “this” refer to? A. Chinese cartoons. B. Ink wash painting. C. Cartoons with Chinese features. D. Using traditional art styles in cartoons. 16. How long is the history of ink wash painting cartoon? A. More than 30 years. B. More than 40 years. C. More than 50 years. D. More than 60 years. 17. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Little Tadpole Looking for Mummy took much work. B. Artists used paper cutting in Pigsy Eats Watermelon. C. The characters in The Story of Afanti were made of ink and brush. D. You can find two kinds of traditional arts in The Legend of Sealed Book. 【答案】15. D 16. D 17. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。它介绍了中国卡通制作者在卡通制作中使用传统艺术的情况，并列举了一些具体的例子，如《小蝌蚪找妈妈》、《封神传奇》、《猪八戒吃西瓜》和《阿凡提的故事》。 【15题详解】 词义猜测题。根据“Beijing Opera, Ink wash painting, paper cutting…, what happens if we use these traditional art styles in cartoons?”可知，前句提到如果我们在卡通中使用京剧、水墨画、剪纸这些传统艺术，会发生什么？因此后句中“中国的卡通制作者一直在致力于此”，“this”指的应是前文提到的“在卡通中使用传统艺术”。故选D。 【16题详解】 推理判断题。根据“Little Tadpole Looking for Mummy, 1960. This is China’s first ink wash painting cartoon.”可知，《小蝌蚪找妈妈》是中国第一部水墨画卡通片，它诞生于1960年，因此可推断至今它已经有超过60年的历史了。故选D。 【17题详解】 细节理解题。根据“They are made of wood and cloth, but they look just like real people.”可知，《阿凡提的故事》中所有的“演员”和“女演员”都是由木头和布料制成的木偶。选项C“《阿凡提的故事》中的角色是用墨水和毛笔制作的”不符合原文。故选C。 C Have you ever visited a museum? Do you always make a plan before the visit? Every museum must have something for you. If you follow the advice below, you’ll make the most of your time and enjoy yourself in a museum. Decide what museum you will visit. There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like best. It’s easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit! Do some research online. Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it. On the website, you may look for such things — the exhibits, the history of the museum, the activities, the cost and even the food there. After you make sure about these things, you’ll be able to make a careful plan for your visit. Plan breaks during your visit. When you keep walking around, standing here and studying exhibits, you may become very tired. So it’s important to take breaks. A break is a good chance for you to think of what you have seen and what else you might want to do in the museum. Take a friend or two. Visiting museums is always a lot more fun with someone else. You can talk about what you’re seeing with them. A friend also brings more ideas when you talk about the exhibits. 18. What should we first consider before our visit to a museum? A. The costs. B. The kind of museum. C. The breaks. D. The friends. 19. Why do we need to take breaks during our visit? A. To relax and think more. B. To have a good rest. C. To save some money. D. To talk with our family. 20. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. It’s hard to find a great museum to visit. B. A friend may share ideas with you during your visit. C. When we visit a museum, we do it just for fun. D. Visiting a museum online is more interesting. 21. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Who to visit a museum. B. What to do in a museum. C. When to visit a museum. D. How to get a better museum visit. 【答案】18. B 19. A 20. B 21. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了在博物馆玩得开心的方法。 【18题详解】 细节理解题。根据“There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like best”可知首先要考虑自己喜欢什么博物馆。故选B。 【19题详解】 细节理解题。根据“A break is a good chance for you to think of what you have seen and what else you might want to do in the museum.”可知休息是一个很好的机会，让你思考你所看到的以及你可能想在博物馆里做什么。故选A。 【20题详解】 细节理解题。根据“A friend also brings more ideas when you talk about the exhibits.”可知一个朋友可能会在一起参观期间与你分享想法。故选B。 【21题详解】 最佳标题题。本文主要介绍了在博物馆玩得开心的方法，以选项D“如何更好地参观博物馆”为标题最合适。故选D。 D Nepal (尼泊尔) is said to be “the kingdom of snow mountains”. It’s a great country for hiking. What’s more, its historical and cultural sites are well worth visiting. So when is the best time to visit Nepal? Nepal has unusual geography! Mt. Qomolangma, the highest point on Earth, is partly in the north of Nepal, while Terai Plain is the lowest point at 70 meters above sea level. For such a huge altitude drop, nowhere else on earth could you find it. Because of its unique topography (地形), you will find in Nepal five climate zones. There are also five seasons in Nepal: autumn, winter, spring, summer and the monsoon (雨季). The autumn months of October and November are the perfect time to travel to Nepal. During this period, you’ll see bluer and clearer skies. This period is the best time for adventure tours. The temperature begins to drop in December and January. Winter is perfect for visiting the Chitwan National Park in the south of Nepal. You will get the best chance to see rhinos (犀牛) as well as Bengal tigers and elephants in the wild of Nepal’s forest. During the springtime, from February to April, temperatures slowly go up. The days are longer and are perfect for hiking and adventure (探险) tours. May, however, pushes the temperature a bit higher. The real summer is quickly cut short by the beginning of the monsoon season. The monsoon wind from the Indian Ocean begins to bring in rain showers from mid-June until September. You can expect around 3 to 4 hours of rain every day during this season. 22. What is special in Nepal? A. Geography. B. Clothes. C. Plants. D. Festivals. 23. Which months are the best time to enjoy bluer and clearer skies in Nepal? A. In December and January. B. From February to April. C. In October and November. D. From mid-June until September. 24. When is perfect to visit the Chitwan National Park? A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In autumn. D. In winter. 25. Why does it rain around 3 to 4 hours a day in the monsoon season? A. Because there are lots of lakes in Nepal. B. Because of the monsoon wind from the Indian Ocean. C. Because the temperature is hot all year round in Nepal. D. Because the location of Nepal is so close to the equator. 【答案】22. A 23. C 24. D 25. B 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了参观尼泊尔的最佳时间。 【22题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段“Nepal has unusual geography!”可知，尼泊尔的地理位置很特别。故选A。 【23题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The autumn months of October and November are the perfect time to travel to Nepal. During this period, you’ll see bluer and clearer skies.”可知，在尼泊尔，10月和11月是欣赏更蓝更清澈的天空的最佳时间。故选C。 【24题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段“Winter is perfect for visiting the Chitwan National Park in the south of Nepal.”可知，冬天非常适合参观奇特旺国家公园。故选D。 【25题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The monsoon wind from the Indian Ocean begins to bring in rain showers from mid-June until September. You can expect around 3 to 4 hours of rain every day during this season.”可知，由于来自印度洋的季风，季风季节一天大约会下3到4个小时的雨。故选B。 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 How do you learn about something in nature? Do you read a book? ____26____ Have you ever visited a national (国家的) park? National parks are great places to find information about nature. ____27____ Yosemite National Park is such a park in California, USA. It has four visitor centers. The visitor centers show photos, maps, short videos and films. The resources (资源) help visitors learn about the history of the park and the wildlife (野外生命) there. People can also use the resources at the visitor centers to plan their visit. They can learn about all the places in Yosemite. ____28____ These are people who take care of a park. Yosemite’s park rangers (护林人) tell visitors about the plants and animals they might see during their visit. They often lead (带路) hikes. ____29____ They also lead nature walks through Yosemite Valley. They provide information about the park’s wildlife. This helps visitors find and enjoy wildlife in a safe way. National parks are places where all people can enjoy nature. ____30____ These “outdoor classrooms” provide many different kinds of resources. No matter which national park you visit, you are sure to learn something. A. Do you go online? B. Many national parks have park rangers. C. A national park is an area of land that the government protects. D. They are also places where people can learn a lot about nature. E. They take visitors to places such as Nevada Fall and Mirror Lake. 【答案】26. A 27. C 28. B 29. E 30. D 【解析】 【导语】本文主要介绍了国家公园是学习和体验自然的绝佳场所，通过访客中心的资源和护林人的帮助，游客可以安全地了解和享受野生动植物及其栖息地。 【26题详解】 根据“How do you learn about something in nature? Do you read a book?”可知，此处介绍了解自然的方式，选项A“你上网吗”与之相符。故选A。 【27题详解】 根据“Yosemite National Park is such a park in California, USA.”可知，约塞米蒂国家公园是美国加利福尼亚州的一个公园，选项C“国家公园是政府保护的一个区域”与之相符。故选C。 【28题详解】 根据“These are people who take care of a park”可知，这些人负责管理公园，选项B“许多国家公园都有公园护林员”与之相符。故选B。 【29题详解】 根据“They often lead (带路) hikes.”以及“They also lead nature walks through Yosemite Valley.”可知，此处介绍护林人的职责，选项E“他们带游客去内华达瀑布和镜湖等地”与之相符。故选E。 【30题详解】 根据“National parks are places where all people can enjoy nature.”可知，国家公园是所有人都可以享受大自然的地方，选项D“它们也是人们可以深入了解自然的地方”与之相符。故选D。 第Ⅱ卷（共70分） 第四部分 书面表达（共三节） 第一节 词汇运用（共两题，满分30分） （一）单词拼写（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据句意和首字母或汉语提示，将单词的正确形式完整地写在答题卡相应的位置上。 31. I was doing my homework w________ my brother was chatting on his smartphone. 【答案】(w)hile 【解析】 【详解】句意：我在做作业，而我弟弟在用智能手机聊天。分析题干可知，空格前后的动作同时发生，且都采用了过去进行时，所以空处应填连词while引导此时间状语从句。故填(w)hile。 32. China won 40 gold medals in total (总共) at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. He was c________ shocked. 【答案】(c)ompletely 【解析】 【详解】句意：中国在2024年巴黎奥运会上总共获得了40枚金牌。他完全震惊了。根据首字母提示及“He was c... shocked.”可知，他被中国取得的成就完全震惊了。故空处指“完全地”，其英文为completely，为副词修饰形容词shocked。故填(c)ompletely。 33. Our hometown has left many soft and sweet ________ (记忆) in our hearts. 【答案】memories 【解析】 【详解】句意：故乡在我们心中留下了许多温馨而甜蜜的回忆。根据“many ”和汉语提示可知，后接名词复数，而memory“记忆”的复数为memories。故填memories。 34. The tea art ________ (表演) show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets. 【答案】performances 【解析】 【详解】句意：茶艺表演展示了如何用漂亮的茶具泡出一杯完美的茶。根据分析句子成分可知，空处需名词作主语，performance意为“表演”，为可数名词，根据“show”一词可知，空处需名词复数，故填performances。 35. He teaches children about pandas and other ________ (濒危的) wild animals in China. 【答案】endangered 【解析】 【详解】句意：他教授孩子们关于大熊猫和中国其他濒危野生动物的知识。根据汉语提示可知，endangered意为“濒危的”，为形容词修饰名词wild animals。故填endangered。 （二）综合填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） important between start true kilometer the besides culture build help How much do you know about the Silk Road? It is a historically important international trade route ____36____ China and the Mediterranean (地中海). It began during the Western Han Dynasty and has been a bridge between East and West for over 2,000 years. The ancient road ____37____ from Chang’an (now Xi’an) and ended in Eastern Europe, near today’s Turkey (土耳其) and the Mediterranean Sea. It was about 6,500 ____38____ long and went across one-fourth of the planet. The Silk Road got its name in ____39____ 19th century because Chinese silk used to be carried along this road. Silk, jade, ceramics and iron went west to Rome. And from the west came glass, gems and food like carrots. The Silk Road was very ____40____ to both China and the rest of the world. It was more than an ancient international trade route. ____41____ trade, knowledge about arts, science and literature, as well crafts and technologies was shared across the Silk Road. In this way, languages and ____42____ developed and influenced each other. Today, China is trying ____43____ the “21st Century Marine (海洋的) Silk Road”. With the ____44____ of APEC held in Beijing in November 2014, the dream of One Belt One Road (“一带一路”) is coming ____45____. 【答案】36 between 37. started 38. kilometers 39. the 40. important 41 Besides 42. cultures 43. to build 44. help 45. true 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了丝绸之路的历史、起点与终点、命名原因以及它在东西方文化交流中的重要作用。文章还提到了中国正在尝试建立“21世纪海上丝绸之路”，以实现“一带一路”的构想。 【36题详解】 句意：这是连接中国和地中海的一条历史上重要的国际贸易路线。between...and...表示“在两者之间”，固定搭配。故填between。 【37题详解】 句意：这条故道从长安(现西安)开始，在靠近如今的土耳其和地中海的东欧结束。根据“from Chang’an (now Xi’an)”及常识可知，空处指“开始”，备选词“start”符合句意。根据“and ended”可知，空处描述的是过去发生的事情，时态为一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。故填started。 【38题详解】 句意：它大约有6,500长，越过了地球四分之一。根据“It was about 6,500...long”及备选词可知，空处指“千米”，备选词“kilometer千米”符合句意，数词6,500后跟名词复数形式。故填kilometers。 【39题详解】 句意：这条丝绸之路在19世纪以其名字而得名，因为中国丝绸曾经沿着这条路运输。in the 19th century意为“在19世纪”，序数词前用the。故填the。 【40题详解】 句意：这条丝绸之路对中国和世界其他地区都非常重要。根据“The Silk Road was very...to both China and the rest of the world.”及备选词可知，空处指丝绸之路非常重要。备选词“important重要的”符合句意，在句中作表语。故填important。 【41题详解】 句意：除了贸易外，艺术知识，科学和文学的知识以及手工艺和技术都在整个丝绸之路上共享。根据“It was more than an ancient international trade route...trade, knowledge about arts, science and literature, as well crafts and technologies was shared across the Silk Road.”及备选词可知，丝绸之路除了贸易往来，还在其他很多领域进行共享。备选词“besides除此之外”符合，放句首时，首字母大写。故填Besides。 【42题详解】 句意：通过这种方式，语言和文化彼此发展和影响。根据“In this way, languages and...developed and influenced each other.”及备选词可知，空处指“文化”，备选词“culture文化”符合，在句中作主语，空处需名词复数表泛指。故填cultures。 【43题详解】 句意：如今，中国正在尝试建“第21世纪海洋丝绸之路”。根据“China is trying...the ‘21st Century Marine (海洋的) Silk Road’.”及备选词可知，空处指中国正在尝试建立“第21世纪海洋丝绸之路”。备选词“build建立”符合，try to do sth.意为“尝试做某事”，故空处需动词不定式。故填to build。 【44题详解】 句意：在北京2014年十一月举办的APEC的帮助下，“一带一路”的梦想正在实现中。with the help of意为“在……的帮助下”，固定搭配。故填help。 【45题详解】 句意：在北京2014年十一月举办的APEC的帮助下，“一带一路”的梦想正在实现中。根据“is coming...”及备选词可知，空处指梦想正在“实现中”，come true意为“实现”，固定短语。故填true。 第二节 阅读表达（共6小题；71～73每题2分，74～76每题3分，满分15分） 【1】When people talk about city life, they will probably think of tall buildings, busy streets, big supermarkets and so on. What about country life? The first feeling that comes into people’s mind is quietness. In the country, people live a quiet life ①______ there is less noise and pollution. Which is better, city life or country life? The answer is not certain. Some people who live in the country want to be city people. In their thoughts, cities are full of chances and challenges. 【2】Today many people in the country leave their homes for big cities. They want to find good jobs and make a lot of money. Now the pollution problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious. The air is not clean enough for people. But in the country the situation is different. Many people think it’s ②______ to live with green mountains, the blue sky, green trees and golden crops. 【3】However, now the difference between the city and the country is not as clear as it was in the past. The country in some areas looks ③______ modern cities, and some cities are as beautiful as the country. 46. What do many people think of the country? (No more than 5 words) ____________________________________ 47. Why do some people in the country want to be city people? (No more than10 words) ____________________________________ 48. Why do many people in the country leave for big cities? (No more than 15 words) ____________________________________ 49. Fill in each blank in the passage with one proper word. ①________②________③________ 50. Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese. ____________________________________ 51. Where do you want to live, in the country or in the city? Why? ____________________________________ 【答案】46. It’s quiet and clean./Quiet./Quiet, less noise and pollutuon. 47. Because they think cities are full of chances and challenges. 48. Because they want to find good jobs and make a lot of money. 49. ①. because##as##since ②. pleasant##good##great##enjoyable ③. like 50. 然而，现在/如今城市和乡村的区别不像过去那么明显了。 51. I want to live in the country, because I can enjoy the beauty of nature and breathe fresh air. 【解析】 【导语】本文主要讲述了城市与乡村的差异。 【46题详解】 根据第一段“In the country, people live a quiet life...there is less noise and pollution.”可知，人们认为乡村安静且污染少。故填It’s quiet and clean./Quiet./Quiet, less noise and pollutuon. 【47题详解】 根据第一段“In their thoughts, cities are full of chances and challenges.”可知，农村人想到城里是因为有很多机遇和挑战。故填Because they think cities are full of chances and challenges. 【48题详解】 根据第二段“They want to find good jobs and make a lot of money.”可知，农村的许多人们之所以动身去大城市，是因为他们想找工作并赚很多钱。故填Because they want to find good jobs and make a lot of money. 【49题详解】 根据“In the country, people live a quiet life”以及“there is less noise and pollution.”可知，前一句是结果，后一句是原因，故第一个空填because/as/since；根据“Many people think it’s...to live with green mountains, the blue sky, green trees and golden crops.”可知，与绿色的山脉，蓝天，绿树和金色农作物一起生活，是非常愉悦的、宜人的。故第二个空pleasant/good/great/enjoyable；根据“The country in some areas looks...modern cities, and some cities are as beautiful as the country.”可知，在某些地区，这个国家看上去“像”现代城市，有些城市和该国一样美丽。look like意为“看起来像”，固定搭配。第三个空填like。故填because/as/since；pleasant/good/ great/enjoyable；like。 【50题详解】 However“然而”；now“现在/如今”；the difference“不同、差别”；between the city and the country“城市和农村之间”；is not as clear as“不如……一样明显”；it was in the past“它在过去的样子”。故填：然而，现在/如今城市和乡村的区别不像过去那么明显了。 【51题详解】 本题为开放性习题，言之有理即可。故填I want to live in the country, because I can enjoy the beauty of nature and breathe fresh air. 第三节 写作（共1题，满分25分） 52. 本学期即将结束，你们班要开一个英语主题班会，总结这学期和规划新学期。请你用英语写一个报告，跟同学分享你的总结和计划。 内容要点: 1.总结自己在哪些学科上取得了进步和遇到的问题； 2.总结自己课后参加文娱、体育等方面的情况； 3.下学期你打算如何做，以便进一步提升自我。(至少2条) 写作要求: 1.语言通顺，条理清晰，书写规范，内容可适当发挥； 2.文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名； 3.词数80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear classmates， This term is coming to an end. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 Dear classmates， This term is coming to an end. When I look back, I find that I have learned a lot and I also have some problems. My Chinese grammar was not good. So I read a lot of books and kept on writing diaries every day to improve my Chinese. It was very useful. I got good grades at the sports meeting. I also learned to play the guitar. Next term, I will take more exercise, such as running and swimming. And I will also take up a new hobby, such as singing. In a word, I will try my best to be a better student next term. 【解析】 【详解】 [总体分析] ①题材：本文是材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般过去时”和“一般将来时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示的要点,在每个要点下要适当增加细节，使表述内容更完整。 [写作步骤] 第一步，作文开头已给出，应领悟首句内容衔接好下文； 第二步，根据提示材料，分别从学业方面，课后文娱及体育方面做一个总结，总结包括自己取得的成绩和不足，接着介绍自己下学期如何进一步提升自我； 第三步，总结上文，表达自己对未来的期望。 [亮点词汇] ①kept on writing diaries every day每天坚持写日记 ②was very useful很有用 ③play the guitar弹吉他 ④in a word总之 ⑤try my best to be a better student努力成为更好学生 [高分句型] When I look back, I find that I have learned a lot and I also have some problems. （when引导时间状语从句，that引导宾语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 2024—2025学年度第一学期期末质量监测 八年级英语试题 本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分。第Ⅰ卷1至6页，第Ⅱ卷7至8页，共150分。考试时间120分钟。 注意事项： 1. 答题前，请考生仔细阅读答题卡上的注意事项，并务必按照相关要求作答。 2. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。 第Ⅰ卷（共80分） 第一部分 听力（共25小题；1-20小题每小题1分，21-25小题每小题2分，满分30分） （一）听句子，选择适当的应答语。每个句子读两遍。 1. A. That’s amazing. B. Yes, sure. C. It’s fantastic. 2. A. Yes, many times. B. No, I didn’t. C. Never mind. 3. A. That’s strange. B. He was sleeping. C. I was cooking. 4. A. It’s really interesting. B. Don’t worry. C. Me, too. 5. A. Not at all. B. Be quiet. C. The school soccer match. （二）听五段对话，选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面5小题。 6. Who went to the museum with Bob? A. His brother. B. His friend. C. No one. 7. What was the woman doing at the time of rainstorm? A. Walking home. B. Studying on the computer. C. Taking a walk. 8. What’s the woman’s advice? A. Asking the math teacher for some help. B. He can do it by himself. C. He can see the answer. 9. What does Tina think of Treasure Island? A. It’s really good. B. It’s fantastic C. It looks interesting 10. Why does Chen Hui left his hometown? A. To go to university. B. To find a job. C. To look for his mother. （三）听两段长对话，选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍，听每段对话前你将有10秒钟的时间阅读对应的3个小题。 听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13小题。 11. What’s the matter with Ted? A. His bike was lost. B. He missed his best friend in America. C. He had a fight with Mike. 12. Why didn’t Ted want to write a letter? A. He wanted to send an e-mail. B. He was not good at writing letters. C. He wanted to say sorry to his friend. 13. Who gives Ted advice? A. Anne. B. Mike. C. Alice. 请听第二段对话，回答第14至第16小题。 14. What did Ken do this afternoon? A. Saw a film. B. Stayed at school. C. Went to a concert. 15. Whom did Ken go to the concert with? A. His friends. B. His classmates. C. His parents. 16. What did Ken’s mum think at first? A. Ken didn’t go to school. B. Ken didn’t go to the concert. C. Ken didn’t go shopping. （四）听短文，回答下面四个问题，选择正确答案。短文读两遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面4个小题. 17. When did Jim climb the mountain? A. On Monday. B. On Tuesday. C. On Wednesday. 18. What happened to Jim? A. He lost an arm. B. He broke a leg. C. He had a fever. 19. What did Jim do on the ground? A. He wrote a message with stones. B. He threw away the stones. C. He dug a hole. 20. Who saved Jim at last? A. His parents. B. The police. C. His teachers and friends. （五）听短文，填表格。 根据短文内容，写出下面表格中所缺信息，每一词。短文读三遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读表格内容。答题完毕后，请将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。 How to deal with our stress in our ________ and study? First You should try your best to study hard and get good ________. Second You can ________ with your good friends, parents or teachers. Third ●________ to some music ●Seeing a movie, ●Playing sports ●Going hiking ●Seeing a doctor. In a word It’s very ________ to deal with your stress 第二部分 完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出能填入短文相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 My family lived near a river when I was five years old. That summer, there were ____1____ for days. One night, my mother held me in her arms and told me a story. Later, we fell asleep. As we were at home, my dad ____2____ with other men to watch the rising water in the river. The water kept ____3____ and the river became much wider. ____4____ it rained more heavily, the water was getting closer and closer to the houses, so those men quickly went back to warn (警告) everyone about it. Hearing Dad’s shouting, my mum ____5____ got up and carried me on her back. ____6____ I opened my eyes, my mother was running away from our home towards the dam (坝). Right after we ____7____, the river water began coming into my home. I spent the night on the top of the dam with the other children. I remembered we watched the ____8____ in front of us running fast, carrying some furniture and rubbish from nowhere. The storms ended after a few days. People hurried home to ____9____ their things. When I got home, people were busy drying furniture and washing clothes. In fact, ____10____ more or less lost things, but nobody complained (抱怨). After many years, those houses became a road. And every time I walked by, I would say to my friends, “Well, you know, I learned to live with floods (洪水) there.” 1. A. clouds B. snows C. storms 2. A. went out B. landed on C. got off 3 A. going B. rising C. working 4. A. But B. Though C. As 5. A. clearly B. luckily C. quickly 6. A. If B. When C. Till 7. A. left B. paid C. hid 8. A. power B. river C. sea 9. A. check B. return C. change 10. A. nobody B. anyone C. everyone 第三部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分） 第一节 阅读下列短文，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分） A Sorry, kids. I’m sleepy. I am one of the longest-sleeping animals in the world. How many hours do you sleep every day? Maybe 10 hours? I need twice as long! Many people think I am lazy, but it’s not true. I sleep so much because I have a strange (奇怪的) diet. As you can see, I only eat eucalyptus (桉树) leaves. Eucalyptus leaves are full of water. I can eat more than 0.5 kg of these leaves each day and I don’t often drink. My name means “no drink” in an Australian language. But there is one big problem: Eucalyptus leaves are not delicious and they are low in calories (卡路里). I get very little energy from them. Think about eating salad all day, you would look as sleepy as I do! What’s more, the leaves are highly toxic! If other animals eat them, they will die. Luckily, I have a strong digestive system (消化系统). It works very hard to break down the toxins. So tiring! To save energy, I sleep nearly all day long. Now you know why I spend so much time in my tree. Don’t call me lazy any more. 11. How long does the animal sleep at least every day? A 20 hours. B. 15 hours. C. 10 hours. D. 5 hours. 12. Why does the animal get little energy from Eucalyptus leaves? A. Because the animal eats salad all day. B. Because Eucalyptus leaves are full of water. C. Because the animal sleeps so much and has a strange diet. D. Because Eucalyptus leaves are not delicious and they are low in calories. 13. What does the underlined word “toxic” mean? A. 有毒的 B. 难吃的 C. 美味的 D. 酸的 14. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. The animal is very lazy. B. The animal has a weak digestive system. C. The animal spends much time sleeping on the road. D. The animal is one of the longest-sleeping animals in the world. B Beijing Opera, Ink wash painting, paper cutting…, what happens if we use these traditional art styles in cartoons? In fact, Chinese cartoon makers have been working on this. Their works are full of Chinese features. Little Tadpole Looking for Mummy, 1960. This is China’s first ink wash painting cartoon. The cartoon makers drew all the animals, plants and rocks in the film with ink and brush. It’s only about 15 minutes long, but it took lots of work. The Legend of Sealed Book, 1983. It also uses ink wash painting for its backgrounds. And it borrows other arts, too. The characters used makeup (妆容) in Beijing Opera to help show their personalities. “It shows Chinese artists’ ideas in cartoons—special, funny and beautiful?” said the film maker. Pigsy Eats Watermelon, 1958, Zhu Bajie finds some watermelons, he doesn’t bring the fruit back to his hungry friends, but enjoys the watermelons all by himself. The character Zhu Bajie was cut out of colored paper. Cartoon makers moved its body parts and let it “eat” the watermelon. The Story of Afanti, 1979, The wise man Afanti fights against the bad people and helps the poor. In this cartoon, all the “actors” and “actresses” are puppets. They are made of wood and cloth, but they look just like real people. 15. What does the underlined word “this” refer to? A. Chinese cartoons. B. Ink wash painting. C. Cartoons with Chinese features. D. Using traditional art styles in cartoons. 16. How long is the history of ink wash painting cartoon? A. More than 30 years. B. More than 40 years. C. More than 50 years. D. More than 60 years. 17. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? A. Little Tadpole Looking for Mummy took much work. B. Artists used paper cutting in Pigsy Eats Watermelon. C The characters in The Story of Afanti were made of ink and brush. D. You can find two kinds of traditional arts in The Legend of Sealed Book. C Have you ever visited a museum? Do you always make a plan before the visit? Every museum must have something for you. If you follow the advice below, you’ll make the most of your time and enjoy yourself in a museum. Decide what museum you will visit. There are so many different kinds of museums and you first need to find one that you like best. It’s easy for you to choose one and start an enjoyable visit! Do some research online. Every museum now has a website which allows you to look through the information about it. On the website, you may look for such things — the exhibits, the history of the museum, the activities, the cost and even the food there. After you make sure about these things, you’ll be able to make a careful plan for your visit. Plan breaks during your visit. When you keep walking around, standing here and studying exhibits, you may become very tired. So it’s important to take breaks. A break is a good chance for you to think of what you have seen and what else you might want to do in the museum. Take a friend or two. Visiting museums is always a lot more fun with someone else. You can talk about what you’re seeing with them. A friend also brings more ideas when you talk about the exhibits. 18. What should we first consider before our visit to a museum? A. The costs. B. The kind of museum. C. The breaks. D. The friends. 19. Why do we need to take breaks during our visit? A. To relax and think more. B. To have a good rest. C. To save some money. D. To talk with our family. 20. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A. It’s hard to find a great museum to visit. B. A friend may share ideas with you during your visit. C. When we visit a museum, we do it just for fun. D. Visiting a museum online is more interesting. 21. What’s the best title for the passage? A. Who to visit a museum. B. What to do in a museum. C. When to visit a museum. D. How to get a better museum visit. D Nepal (尼泊尔) is said to be “the kingdom of snow mountains”. It’s a great country for hiking. What’s more, its historical and cultural sites are well worth visiting. So when is the best time to visit Nepal? Nepal has unusual geography! Mt. Qomolangma, the highest point on Earth, is partly in the north of Nepal, while Terai Plain is the lowest point at 70 meters above sea level. For such a huge altitude drop, nowhere else on earth could you find it. Because of its unique topography (地形), you will find in Nepal five climate zones. There are also five seasons in Nepal: autumn, winter, spring, summer and the monsoon (雨季). The autumn months of October and November are the perfect time to travel to Nepal. During this period, you’ll see bluer and clearer skies. This period is the best time for adventure tours. The temperature begins to drop in December and January. Winter is perfect for visiting the Chitwan National Park in the south of Nepal. You will get the best chance to see rhinos (犀牛) as well as Bengal tigers and elephants in the wild of Nepal’s forest. During the springtime, from February to April, temperatures slowly go up. The days are longer and are perfect for hiking and adventure (探险) tours. May, however, pushes the temperature a bit higher. The real summer is quickly cut short by the beginning of the monsoon season. The monsoon wind from the Indian Ocean begins to bring in rain showers from mid-June until September. You can expect around 3 to 4 hours of rain every day during this season. 22. What is special in Nepal? A. Geography. B. Clothes. C. Plants. D. Festivals. 23. Which months are the best time to enjoy bluer and clearer skies in Nepal? A. In December and January. B. From February to April. C. In October and November. D. From mid-June until September. 24. When is perfect to visit the Chitwan National Park? A. In spring. B. In summer. C. In autumn. D. In winter. 25. Why does it rain around 3 to 4 hours a day in the monsoon season? A. Because there are lots of lakes in Nepal. B. Because of the monsoon wind from the Indian Ocean. C. Because the temperature is hot all year round in Nepal. D. Because the location of Nepal is so close to the equator. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 How do you learn about something in nature? Do you read a book? ____26____ Have you ever visited a national (国家的) park? National parks are great places to find information about nature. ____27____ Yosemite National Park is such a park in California, USA. It has four visitor centers. The visitor centers show photos, maps, short videos and films. The resources (资源) help visitors learn about the history of the park and the wildlife (野外生命) there. People can also use the resources at the visitor centers to plan their visit. They can learn about all the places in Yosemite. ____28____ These are people who take care of a park. Yosemite’s park rangers (护林人) tell visitors about the plants and animals they might see during their visit. They often lead (带路) hikes. ____29____ They also lead nature walks through Yosemite Valley. They provide information about the park’s wildlife. This helps visitors find and enjoy wildlife in a safe way. National parks are places where all people can enjoy nature. ____30____ These “outdoor classrooms” provide many different kinds of resources. No matter which national park you visit, you are sure to learn something. A. Do you go online? B. Many national parks have park rangers. C. A national park is an area of land that the government protects. D. They are also places where people can learn a lot about nature. E. They take visitors to places such as Nevada Fall and Mirror Lake. 第Ⅱ卷（共70分） 第四部分 书面表达（共三节） 第一节 词汇运用（共两题，满分30分） （一）单词拼写（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分） 根据句意和首字母或汉语提示，将单词的正确形式完整地写在答题卡相应的位置上。 31. I was doing my homework w________ my brother was chatting on his smartphone. 32. China won 40 gold medals in total (总共) at the 2024 Paris Olympic Games. He was c________ shocked. 33. Our hometown has left many soft and sweet ________ (记忆) in our hearts. 34. The tea art ________ (表演) show how to make a perfect cup of tea with beautiful tea sets. 35. He teaches children about pandas and other ________ (濒危的) wild animals in China. （二）综合填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分） important between start true kilometer the besides culture build help How much do you know about the Silk Road? It is a historically important international trade route ____36____ China and the Mediterranean (地中海). It began during the Western Han Dynasty and has been a bridge between East and West for over 2,000 years. The ancient road ____37____ from Chang’an (now Xi’an) and ended in Eastern Europe, near today’s Turkey (土耳其) and the Mediterranean Sea. It was about 6,500 ____38____ long and went across one-fourth of the planet. The Silk Road got its name in ____39____ 19th century because Chinese silk used to be carried along this road. Silk, jade, ceramics and iron went west to Rome. And from the west came glass, gems and food like carrots. The Silk Road was very ____40____ to both China and the rest of the world. It was more than an ancient international trade route. ____41____ trade, knowledge about arts, science and literature, as well crafts and technologies was shared across the Silk Road. In this way, languages and ____42____ developed and influenced each other. Today, China is trying ____43____ the “21st Century Marine (海洋的) Silk Road”. With the ____44____ of APEC held in Beijing in November 2014, the dream of One Belt One Road (“一带一路”) is coming ____45____. 第二节 阅读表达（共6小题；71～73每题2分，74～76每题3分，满分15分） 【1】When people talk about city life, they will probably think of tall buildings, busy streets, big supermarkets and so on. What about country life? The first feeling that comes into people’s mind is quietness. In the country, people live a quiet life ①______ there is less noise and pollution. Which is better, city life or country life? The answer is not certain. Some people who live in the country want to be city people. In their thoughts, cities are full of chances and challenges. 【2】Today many people in the country leave their homes for big cities. They want to find good jobs and make a lot of money. Now the pollution problem in big cities is becoming more and more serious. The air is not clean enough for people. But in the country the situation is different. Many people think it’s ②______ to live with green mountains, the blue sky, green trees and golden crops. 【3】However, now the difference between the city and the country is not as clear as it was in the past. The country in some areas looks ③______ modern cities, and some cities are as beautiful as the country. 46. What do many people think of the country? (No more than 5 words) ____________________________________ 47 Why do some people in the country want to be city people? (No more than10 words) ____________________________________ 48. Why do many people in the country leave for big cities? (No more than 15 words) ____________________________________ 49 Fill in each blank in the passage with one proper word. ①________②________③________ 50. Translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese. ____________________________________ 51. Where do you want to live, in the country or in the city? Why? ____________________________________ 第三节 写作（共1题，满分25分） 52. 本学期即将结束，你们班要开一个英语主题班会，总结这学期和规划新学期。请你用英语写一个报告，跟同学分享你的总结和计划。 内容要点: 1.总结自己在哪些学科上取得了进步和遇到的问题； 2.总结自己课后参加文娱、体育等方面的情况； 3.下学期你打算如何做，以便进一步提升自我。(至少2条) 写作要求: 1.语言通顺，条理清晰，书写规范，内容可适当发挥； 2.文中不得出现真实的姓名和校名； 3.词数80词左右，开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear classmates， This term is coming to an end. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$