专题22 概要写作之实验研究报告 -2025年高考英语二轮热点题型归纳与变式演练（上海专用）

专题22 概要写作之实验研究报告 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 高考练场 6 变式演练 13 （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 文本类型：实验研究报告类文体通常围绕某一实验或研究展开，包括研究背景、目的、方法、结果和结论。 上海高考英语中的实验研究报告类文体概要写作，重点考查考生对这类具有科学性、逻辑性较强文本的理解与概括能力。 2. 常见主题 研究发现类：介绍某项研究的主要发现和结论。 实验过程类：描述实验的具体过程和结果。 问题解决类：通过实验研究提出问题的解决方案。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 · 通读全文，明晰研究目的与背景 · 梳理实验关键要素（如：实验对象、实验方法与步骤） · 提取核心实验结果与结论 · 转换表达，合理精简内容 · 整合内容，注重逻辑连贯 （三）模板及句型 1.通用模板示例 开头：The experiment reported in the article aims to explore...（点明文章所报道实验的研究目的，填入具体研究内容）. 主体内容：Firstly, the experiment was conducted on...（首先，说明实验对象是谁或是什么）. The experimental method adopted was...（接着阐述采用的实验方法）. The main steps included...（然后列举主要的实验步骤，简要概括）. After that, the experiment obtained the following results: （之后，呈现实验所获得的结果，如具体数据、现象等）. 结尾：Based on these results, it can be concluded that...（基于这些结果，可以得出结论是……，清晰写出最终结论）. 2.常用句型 · 说明研究目的： The purpose of this experiment is to investigate...（此次实验的目的是为了研究……） This study aims to find out...（这项研究旨在查明……） · 描述实验对象与方法： The subjects of the experiment were...（实验对象是……） A... method was employed in this experiment.（此次实验采用了…… 方法） · 呈现实验结果： The results showed that...（结果显示……） It was found that...（人们发现……） · 得出结论： From the above, we can draw the conclusion that...（从上述内容，我们可以得出结论……） Consequently, the conclusion is reached that...（因此，得出的结论是……） · 实验研究报告类写作注意事项 ①实验研究目的介绍，要简洁明了，它不但反映该项研究的核心问题，而且应能引起读者对报告的兴趣与注意，并注意采用读者感兴趣的措辞。 ②研究方法的介绍，主要包括在研究对象的取样和选择，研究因素的实施与控制、资料的收集与处理、研究方法的介绍。如果涉及到一些专业性的概念语或者是说法，则应注意用词的准确性。 ③研究结果的呈现是研究报告的实质部分。在研究报告中，既要重视定量分析，更要注重定性分析，要把定性与定量的分析综合起来，从量的变化当中揭示事物的本质属性。 ④研究结果的讨论，有时候说明该研究的意义及运用；有时候或指出该研究的不足之处和局限性；或提出一些改进的研究的建议，或是提出一些个人的看法、想法和思考，以有待进一步研究等。 (2023届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷) Kangaroos can “talk” to us Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought. Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container. Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added. It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文为 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构。首段提出新研究表明袋鼠能 “与人交流”，且比之前认为的更聪明。中间两段详细描述研究过程及袋鼠的行为表现，说明袋鼠这种交流行为并非仅存于家养动物。尾段指出希望该研究能让人们对袋鼠有更积极的态度。 第1段：引出研究发现——袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。 第2段：描述实验过程及结果，袋鼠通过眼神交流请求帮助。 第3段：研究者对袋鼠行为的解释，强调这种行为并非仅限于家养动物。 第4段：总结研究的意义，希望改变人们对袋鼠的看法。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.研究发现 ①kangaroos，talk to people，marsupials 2.实验过程 ②University of Roehampton，Australian Reptile Park，food in a box 3.研究者解释 ③Alexandra Green，scratching，sniffing，domestication 4.总结意义 ④positive attitude，harmful creatures 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：A new study shows that kangaroos can “talk” to humans. （一项新研究表明袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。） 第2段：Researchers tested kangaroos with a food box they couldn’t open, and the animals looked at humans for help. （研究人员用一个袋鼠无法打开的盒子测试袋鼠，袋鼠会看向人类寻求帮助。） 第3段：The study shows that this kind of communication is not just seen in domesticated animals. （研究表明这种交流行为并非仅限于家养动物。） 第4段：The study aims to change people’s negative views of kangaroos. （该研究旨在改变人们对袋鼠的负面看法。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 “and” 连接关于研究性质和袋鼠聪明程度的表述。用 “Most” 具体说明袋鼠的行为比例。用 “Similar to” 引出与其他动物行为的相似性。最后用 “The study hopes” 表明研究目的。 概要写作答案（60词左右） A new study shows kangaroos can communicate with humans, suggesting they are more intelligent than previously thought. Researchers tested kangaroos by putting food in an unopenable box. Most kangaroos looked at the person and box and some showed clear communication attempts, seemingly asking for help., similar to domesticated animals like dogs and horses.The study hopes to help people view kangaroos more positively. （62words） A new study shows that kangaroos can “talk” to humans. Researchers tested kangaroos with a food box they couldn’t open, and the animals looked at humans for help. The study shows that this kind of communication is not just seen in domesticated animals. The study aims to change people’s negative views of kangaroos. （59words） （一） 【2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试题】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Benefits of Green Spaces We all know the value of taking a walk in the fresh spring weather. It allows your mind to relax and forget about the problems in everyday life. Studies have commonly shown the benefits of being around green spaces, including gardens, urban parks and forests. But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings during childhood could positively impact your mental health as an adult? A study by the Institute for Global Health surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe. The all-adult study gave participants a questionnaire (问卷) on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood — for example, playing in a garden or riding a bike at the park. They were also asked about the importance they put on using such places. Volunteers were then given a psychological test, which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities, to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression within a four-week period. The results consistently showed that the people who were more exposed to natural spaces had higher mental health scores compared to those with lower childhood exposure — as did those who attached higher importance to using green spaces. The study’s assistant, Wilma Smith, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”. She also stressed the importance of “recognizing the implications of growing up in environments with limited opportunities for exposure to nature”. According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access to natural spaces. So we call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children. While this study was based in Europe, a lack of green space can affect anyone, anywhere. So remember to make time to expose yourself to nature, as your mental health is just as important as the physical one. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （二） 【上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题】 AI reads brain activity to tell which bit of a movie you are watching Movie characters and locations can be deciphered (破译) by monitoring the activity of people’s neurons (神经元) while they watch a film, a discovery that could help us understand how the brain stores memories as they are being made. A deep brain structure called the hippocampus (海马体) contains neurons that encode the identity of objects, such as tools or buildings. The cells involved then respond to stimuli depicting those objects. But a lot of our knowledge about this comes from studying people while they view isolated images, rather than responding to changing scenes. To learn more, Franziska Gerken at the Technical University of Munich in Germany and her colleagues turned to 29 people who had electrodes implanted into their brains. The researchers used this opportunity to record the activity of about 2300 neurons in and around each individual’s hippocampus while they watched the film Days of Summer. Gerken and her colleagues then used an artificial intelligence model to analyse how these neural responses differed according to specific features of the film, such as characters and locations, and visual categories, like scene transitions. When the participants rewatched the film, the researchers could tell which content people were viewing by looking at the neuronal responses. The neurons in all the regions in and around the hippocampus responded to the film’s features and visual categories, but activity in some regions reflected these more than others. For example, the activity of visually responsive neurons in a region known as the parahippocampal gyrus was linked to scene transitions and locations, while the activity of cells in an adjacent region called the amygdala (杏仁核) became activated with the presence of the film’s main characters. Rodrigo Quian Quiroga at the University of Leicester in the UK says the results are “very solid” and “a good step forwards to understanding how the memory system functions in real-life situations”. “Neuroscience is full of experiments that are far from real-life memory functioning, so it’s valuable to analyse single neuron responses to different movie characters and scenes to disentangle the contribution of different neuron populations to encoding and storing real memories,” he says. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （三） 【上海市第八中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试题】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Fiction Reading For many people, nothing is more enjoyable than spending a whole afternoon reading a good novel. But are novels simply a pleasure way to pass the time, or could it be true that reading fiction actually benefits our lives? One of the joys of fiction is that it can take us to places that our lives won’t. It can transport us to 17th-century France, or to war-torn Germany. It can take us to a future world in which artificial intelligence takes over and books are banned, or a fantasy world where people battle it out for food. Fiction can also introduce us to a whole range of people that we haven’t yet met. And this, according to Carrie Oates, a novelist and academic, is perhaps the real benefit of stories. In one of her studies, participants were asked to read either a short story by Chekhov, or a version of the story in documentary form. Those who were given the fictionalised version were found to be more likely to sympathize with the characters, thus, going through greater changes in personality. In another study, she showed participants photos of the eyes of people who were feeling and thinking different things. The people who read fiction were better able to interpret those thoughts and feeling than those who didn’t read. Oates explains that when we read fiction, we enter into the minds of the characters. We think about why they behave in a certain way, and what they are likely to do next. Just as we might become more knowledgeable about psychology and astronomy if we read about psychology and astronomy, we get better at this kind of social thinking if we read fiction. This improves our understanding of the thoughts and feelings of those around us in real life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ A 【2021嘉定一模】 Tai Chi Can Reduce Falls in Old People Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls, according to a paper in the latest Journal of Advanced Nursing. Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care. 29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group. The exercise programme consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercises, 20 minutes of Sun-style Tai Chi movement and 5 minutes of cooling down exercises. During the exercise, traditional instrumental music was used. It helped the group maintain slow and continuous movements and provide a comforting effect. Both groups underwent a series of tests before and after the 12-week exercise programme. They measured their muscle strength, balance and confidence in avoiding falls. Researchers analyzed the data and compared them with those of the non-exercise control group. They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance. Tai Chi, an ancient Chinese martial art (武术), consists of a series of slow, gentle, continuous movements. It is particularly suitable for old people as it helps them to develop stronger muscles and better balance and concentration. “Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion. It can help old people to avoid falls by developing their balance, muscle strength and confidence,” says Professor Song. “We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ B （2024·上海·高三上海市吴淞中学校考期中） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Retirement - Paradise or Not Most people look forward to retirement as a time when they can finally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue before. But some recent studies on people in their golden years are disturbing: they suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure. That's why a new study of French workers is welcome news. Led by Hugo Westerlund, a professor of psychology at Stockholm University, the study of more than 14,000 workers found lower rates of depression and fatigue in people after they got retired while they were still employed. The scientists followed employees of the French National Gas and Electric Company for 14 years. They found in the year immediately after retirement, the volunteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year before their retirement. The researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigue over the same time period. Clearly, said Westerlund, much of these decrease in physical and mental fatigue can be traced back to relief from the stresses of work. The decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect, too, which may have a lot to do with the generous pensions that French workers enjoy. Most retirees in that country still benefit from about 80% of their yearly salaries. "The economic or financial situation in retirement is very important," Westerlund says. "We don't know if the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement. But no matter the reason, if life in retirement is not comfortable, then we won't see the improvements we did." However, in European nations like France, governments are considering changes to pension plans, which may affect retirees' health after they leave their jobs-with less of a financial safety net, workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ C （2025年静安一模） Hard times uplift human societies’ resilience(韧性) The old saying may be true: What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. They drew information from organic materials dug from the sites whose ages could be told based on the decay of carbon-14, a radioactive form of carbon. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. And farmers, either out of luck or because they had some sort of technology, got over the crises. As a result, they passed down the experience and the aspect of culture that could enable their descendants to do better next time. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. Whether modern humans can pull directly from these lessons is less certain. All of the societies in the study were pre-industrial and might have little in common with today’s global order. However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ 专题22 概要写作之实验研究报告 目录 题型综述 2 解题攻略 3 高考练场 6 变式演练 13 （一）题型解读 1. 题型特点 文本类型：实验研究报告类文体通常围绕某一实验或研究展开，包括研究背景、目的、方法、结果和结论。 上海高考英语中的实验研究报告类文体概要写作，重点考查考生对这类具有科学性、逻辑性较强文本的理解与概括能力。 2. 常见主题 研究发现类：介绍某项研究的主要发现和结论。 实验过程类：描述实验的具体过程和结果。 问题解决类：通过实验研究提出问题的解决方案。 （二）写作步骤与技巧 · 通读全文，明晰研究目的与背景 · 梳理实验关键要素（如：实验对象、实验方法与步骤） · 提取核心实验结果与结论 · 转换表达，合理精简内容 · 整合内容，注重逻辑连贯 （三）模板及句型 1.通用模板示例 开头：The experiment reported in the article aims to explore...（点明文章所报道实验的研究目的，填入具体研究内容）. 主体内容：Firstly, the experiment was conducted on...（首先，说明实验对象是谁或是什么）. The experimental method adopted was...（接着阐述采用的实验方法）. The main steps included...（然后列举主要的实验步骤，简要概括）. After that, the experiment obtained the following results: （之后，呈现实验所获得的结果，如具体数据、现象等）. 结尾：Based on these results, it can be concluded that...（基于这些结果，可以得出结论是……，清晰写出最终结论）. 2.常用句型 · 说明研究目的： The purpose of this experiment is to investigate...（此次实验的目的是为了研究……） This study aims to find out...（这项研究旨在查明……） · 描述实验对象与方法： The subjects of the experiment were...（实验对象是……） A... method was employed in this experiment.（此次实验采用了…… 方法） · 呈现实验结果： The results showed that...（结果显示……） It was found that...（人们发现……） · 得出结论： From the above, we can draw the conclusion that...（从上述内容，我们可以得出结论……） Consequently, the conclusion is reached that...（因此，得出的结论是……） · 实验研究报告类写作注意事项 ①实验研究目的介绍，要简洁明了，它不但反映该项研究的核心问题，而且应能引起读者对报告的兴趣与注意，并注意采用读者感兴趣的措辞。 ②研究方法的介绍，主要包括在研究对象的取样和选择，研究因素的实施与控制、资料的收集与处理、研究方法的介绍。如果涉及到一些专业性的概念语或者是说法，则应注意用词的准确性。 ③研究结果的呈现是研究报告的实质部分。在研究报告中，既要重视定量分析，更要注重定性分析，要把定性与定量的分析综合起来，从量的变化当中揭示事物的本质属性。 ④研究结果的讨论，有时候说明该研究的意义及运用；有时候或指出该研究的不足之处和局限性；或提出一些改进的研究的建议，或是提出一些个人的看法、想法和思考，以有待进一步研究等。 (2023届上海市长宁区高三下学期二模英语试卷) Kangaroos can “talk” to us Kangaroos can “talk” to people, according to a new study. The report is the first research of its kind to be done on marsupials—a type of creature whose young get carried in skin pockets on their mother’s body. It suggests kangaroos are cleverer than previously thought. Researchers from the University of Roehampton in the UK and the University of Sydney in Australia tested kangaroos at the Australian Reptile (爬行动物) Park, Wildlife Sydney Zoo and Kangaroo Protection Co-operative. The scientists put food in a box that the kangaroos could not open, and waited to see what the animals would do. Rather than giving up, 10 out of the 11 kangaroos actively looked at the person who had put the food in the box and then looked at the box. The researchers said this could be interpreted as the kangaroos requesting help to open the container. Dr Alexandra Green, a co-author of the study, told The Guardian newspaper that some of the kangaroos actually approached the person and started scratching (挠) and sniffing (嗅) him, then looked back at the box. “So they were really trying to communicate,” Green said. This behaviour is not uncommon in animals. However, it is usually only seen in domesticated animals, such as pets or farm animals. The lead author of the study, Dr Alan McElligott, explained, “Through this study, we were able to see that communication between creatures can be learnt and that the behaviour of looking at humans to access food is not related to domestication. “Indeed, kangaroos showed a very similar pattern of behaviour we have seen in dogs, horses and even goats, when put to the same test,” he added. It is hoped that the study will give people a more positive attitude towards kangaroos, which are sometimes seen as harmful creatures that damage farmers’ crops. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，事实证明袋鼠比我们想象的更聪明，它们有能力与人类交流。在测试中，面对难以接近的食物，袋鼠和驯养的动物一样，会求助于使用肢体语言的人。这些发现刷新了科学家对袋鼠行为的理解，可能改善了我们对袋鼠的认知。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文为 “总 - 分 - 总” 结构。首段提出新研究表明袋鼠能 “与人交流”，且比之前认为的更聪明。中间两段详细描述研究过程及袋鼠的行为表现，说明袋鼠这种交流行为并非仅存于家养动物。尾段指出希望该研究能让人们对袋鼠有更积极的态度。 第1段：引出研究发现——袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。 第2段：描述实验过程及结果，袋鼠通过眼神交流请求帮助。 第3段：研究者对袋鼠行为的解释，强调这种行为并非仅限于家养动物。 第4段：总结研究的意义，希望改变人们对袋鼠的看法。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.研究发现 ①kangaroos，talk to people，marsupials 2.实验过程 ②University of Roehampton，Australian Reptile Park，food in a box 3.研究者解释 ③Alexandra Green，scratching，sniffing，domestication 4.总结意义 ④positive attitude，harmful creatures 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：A new study shows that kangaroos can “talk” to humans. （一项新研究表明袋鼠能够与人类“交流”。） 第2段：Researchers tested kangaroos with a food box they couldn’t open, and the animals looked at humans for help. （研究人员用一个袋鼠无法打开的盒子测试袋鼠，袋鼠会看向人类寻求帮助。） 第3段：The study shows that this kind of communication is not just seen in domesticated animals. （研究表明这种交流行为并非仅限于家养动物。） 第4段：The study aims to change people’s negative views of kangaroos. （该研究旨在改变人们对袋鼠的负面看法。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 用 “and” 连接关于研究性质和袋鼠聪明程度的表述。用 “Most” 具体说明袋鼠的行为比例。用 “Similar to” 引出与其他动物行为的相似性。最后用 “The study hopes” 表明研究目的。 概要写作答案（60词左右） A new study shows kangaroos can communicate with humans, suggesting they are more intelligent than previously thought. Researchers tested kangaroos by putting food in an unopenable box. Most kangaroos looked at the person and box and some showed clear communication attempts, seemingly asking for help., similar to domesticated animals like dogs and horses.The study hopes to help people view kangaroos more positively. （62words） A new study shows that kangaroos can “talk” to humans. Researchers tested kangaroos with a food box they couldn’t open, and the animals looked at humans for help. The study shows that this kind of communication is not just seen in domesticated animals. The study aims to change people’s negative views of kangaroos. （59words） （一） 【2024届上海市金山区高三上学期一模英语试题】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Benefits of Green Spaces We all know the value of taking a walk in the fresh spring weather. It allows your mind to relax and forget about the problems in everyday life. Studies have commonly shown the benefits of being around green spaces, including gardens, urban parks and forests. But did you know that being in contact with these natural surroundings during childhood could positively impact your mental health as an adult? A study by the Institute for Global Health surveyed 3,600 people from all over Europe. The all-adult study gave participants a questionnaire (问卷) on how frequently they used natural spaces during childhood — for example, playing in a garden or riding a bike at the park. They were also asked about the importance they put on using such places. Volunteers were then given a psychological test, which included a variety of questionnaires and problem-solving activities, to analyze their nervousness and feelings of depression within a four-week period. The results consistently showed that the people who were more exposed to natural spaces had higher mental health scores compared to those with lower childhood exposure — as did those who attached higher importance to using green spaces. The study’s assistant, Wilma Smith, wrote that the results “show the importance of childhood exposure to natural spaces for the development of a nature-appreciating attitude and a healthy psychological state in adulthood”. She also stressed the importance of “recognizing the implications of growing up in environments with limited opportunities for exposure to nature”. According to the study, 73 percent of Europe’s population only has limited access to natural spaces. So we call on policymakers to improve the availability of natural spaces for children. While this study was based in Europe, a lack of green space can affect anyone, anywhere. So remember to make time to expose yourself to nature, as your mental health is just as important as the physical one. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，研究表明，童年时期接触大自然对成年后的心理健康有积极影响。那些更频繁地使用自然空间并更重视使用自然空间的人在心理测试中得分更高，包括解决问题的能力和消极情绪的分析。因此，政府应该改善自然空间的可用性，并强调与自然接触。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式： 第1段：引出话题——在自然环境中散步对心理健康的好处。 第2段：介绍一项研究发现，童年接触自然环境对成年心理健康有积极影响。 第3段：描述研究过程，包括问卷调查和心理测试。 第4段：总结研究结果，强调童年接触自然的重要性。 第5段：呼吁政策制定者改善儿童接触自然环境的机会。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.引言 ①fresh spring weather，relax，green spaces 2.研究发现 ②childhood exposure，mental health，Institute for Global Health 3.研究过程 ③questionnaire，psychological test，nervousness，depression 4.研究结果 ④higher mental health scores，nature-appreciating attitude 5.呼吁 ⑤limited access，policymakers，availability of natural spaces 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：Walking in natural environments is good for mental health. （在自然环境中散步对心理健康有益。） 第2段：A study found that childhood exposure to nature positively impacts adult mental health. （一项研究发现，童年接触自然对成年心理健康有积极影响。） 第3段：Participants were surveyed on their childhood use of natural spaces and tested for mental health. （参与者被调查童年使用自然空间的情况，并进行了心理健康测试。） 第4段：Results showed that more exposure to nature in childhood leads to better mental health in adulthood. （结果显示，童年更多接触自然的人成年后心理健康状况更好。） 第5段：The study calls on policymakers to improve access to natural spaces for children. （该研究呼吁政策制定者改善儿童接触自然空间的机会。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 各要点之间用合适的连接词衔接，比如用 “Moreover” 连接研究内容和基于研究的现状及呼吁部分，用 “Finally” 引出最后强调接触自然重要性的内容，使整体逻辑连贯。 概要写作答案（60词左右） 01：Walking in natural environments is good for mental health. A study found that childhood exposure to nature positively impacts adult mental health. Participants were surveyed on their childhood use of natural spaces and tested for mental health. Results showed that more exposure to nature in childhood leads to better mental health in adulthood. The study calls on policymakers to improve access to natural spaces for children. 02：Researches show exposure to nature during childhood has a positive impact on mental health in adulthood. Those using natural spaces more frequently and attaching greater importance to using them score higher in psychological tests including problem-solving abilities and negative feelings’ analysis. Therefore, availability of natural spaces should be improved by governments and being exposed to nature should be highlighted. 03：Taking a walk in spring and being around green spaces are beneficial. Moreover, a study surveyed 3,600 Europeans to explore the impact of childhood contact with nature on adult mental health. It used questionnaires and tests, finding those more exposed to nature in childhood had better mental health. As 73% of Europeans have limited access, policymakers are called on to improve availability. Finally, lack of green space affects people everywhere, so expose yourself to nature for mental health. （二） 【上海市延安中学2024-2025学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题】 AI reads brain activity to tell which bit of a movie you are watching Movie characters and locations can be deciphered (破译) by monitoring the activity of people’s neurons (神经元) while they watch a film, a discovery that could help us understand how the brain stores memories as they are being made. A deep brain structure called the hippocampus (海马体) contains neurons that encode the identity of objects, such as tools or buildings. The cells involved then respond to stimuli depicting those objects. But a lot of our knowledge about this comes from studying people while they view isolated images, rather than responding to changing scenes. To learn more, Franziska Gerken at the Technical University of Munich in Germany and her colleagues turned to 29 people who had electrodes implanted into their brains. The researchers used this opportunity to record the activity of about 2300 neurons in and around each individual’s hippocampus while they watched the film Days of Summer. Gerken and her colleagues then used an artificial intelligence model to analyse how these neural responses differed according to specific features of the film, such as characters and locations, and visual categories, like scene transitions. When the participants rewatched the film, the researchers could tell which content people were viewing by looking at the neuronal responses. The neurons in all the regions in and around the hippocampus responded to the film’s features and visual categories, but activity in some regions reflected these more than others. For example, the activity of visually responsive neurons in a region known as the parahippocampal gyrus was linked to scene transitions and locations, while the activity of cells in an adjacent region called the amygdala (杏仁核) became activated with the presence of the film’s main characters. Rodrigo Quian Quiroga at the University of Leicester in the UK says the results are “very solid” and “a good step forwards to understanding how the memory system functions in real-life situations”. “Neuroscience is full of experiments that are far from real-life memory functioning, so it’s valuable to analyse single neuron responses to different movie characters and scenes to disentangle the contribution of different neuron populations to encoding and storing real memories,” he says. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】这是一篇说明文。这篇文章报道了一项发现，电影人物和地点可以通过在观看电影时监测大脑神经元的活动来解码，从而揭示记忆存储机制。研究人员通过分析观看电影的参与者的神经反应，利用人工智能将特定的神经活动与电影特征联系起来，展示了神经科学在现实生活中的应用。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式： 第1段：介绍通过监测大脑神经元活动来识别电影情节的研究发现，这有助于理解大脑如何存储记忆。 第2段：解释海马体神经元的功能，以及以往研究的局限性。 第3段：描述实验过程，包括参与者和实验方法。 第4段：介绍实验结果，说明不同脑区对电影内容的反应。 第5段：专家对研究结果的评价，认为这是一个重要的进步。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.研究发现 ①decipher movie content，brain activity，memories 2.海马体功能 ②hippocampus，neurons，isolated images 3.实验过程 ③Franziska Gerken，electrodes，Days of Summer 4.实验结果 ④neural responses，characters，locations，brain regions 5.专家评价 ⑤Rodrigo Quian Quiroga，solid results，real-life memory 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：Monitoring brain activity can identify movie content, helping understand how memories are stored. （通过监测大脑活动可以识别电影内容，有助于理解记忆的存储方式。） 第2段：The hippocampus contains neurons that respond to objects, but most studies focus on isolated images. （海马体包含对物体做出反应的神经元，但大多数研究集中在孤立图像上。） 第3段：Researchers recorded neural activity in 29 people while they watched a film using implanted electrodes. （研究人员通过植入电极记录了29人在观看电影时的神经活动。） 第4段：Different brain regions responded to different movie features, such as characters and locations. （不同脑区对电影的不同特征，如人物和地点，有不同的反应。） 第5段：Experts say the results are solid and a good step towards understanding real-life memory. （专家认为结果很扎实，是理解真实记忆功能的重要一步。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 使用“However”表达转折。 使用“such as”列举例子。 使用“and”连接相关的内容。 概要写作答案（60词左右） 01：Monitoring brain activity can identify movie content, helping understand how memories are stored. The hippocampus contains neurons that respond to objects, but most studies focus on isolated images. Researchers recorded neural activity in 29 people while they watched a film using implanted electrodes. Different brain regions responded to different movie features, such as characters and locations. Experts say the results are solid and a good step towards understanding real-life memory. 02：This article reports a discovery that movie characters and locations can be decoded by monitoring brain neuron activity during film viewing, shedding light on memory storage mechanisms. It explains this through a study where researchers analyzed neuronal responses of participants watching a movie, using AI to link specific neural activities to film features, demonstrating real-life application of neuroscience. （三） 【上海市第八中学2023-2024学年高三上学期期中测评英语试题】 Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize in no more than 60 words the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage. Use your own words as far as possible. Fiction Reading For many people, nothing is more enjoyable than spending a whole afternoon reading a good novel. But are novels simply a pleasure way to pass the time, or could it be true that reading fiction actually benefits our lives? One of the joys of fiction is that it can take us to places that our lives won’t. It can transport us to 17th-century France, or to war-torn Germany. It can take us to a future world in which artificial intelligence takes over and books are banned, or a fantasy world where people battle it out for food. Fiction can also introduce us to a whole range of people that we haven’t yet met. And this, according to Carrie Oates, a novelist and academic, is perhaps the real benefit of stories. In one of her studies, participants were asked to read either a short story by Chekhov, or a version of the story in documentary form. Those who were given the fictionalised version were found to be more likely to sympathize with the characters, thus, going through greater changes in personality. In another study, she showed participants photos of the eyes of people who were feeling and thinking different things. The people who read fiction were better able to interpret those thoughts and feeling than those who didn’t read. Oates explains that when we read fiction, we enter into the minds of the characters. We think about why they behave in a certain way, and what they are likely to do next. Just as we might become more knowledgeable about psychology and astronomy if we read about psychology and astronomy, we get better at this kind of social thinking if we read fiction. This improves our understanding of the thoughts and feelings of those around us in real life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，读小说是快乐的，对我们的生活有好处。小说可以把我们带到现实生活中无法到达的地方，让我们认识不同的人。嘉莉·奥茨发现，阅读小说可以让我们更好地理解人物，从而改变我们的个性，而这种理解有助于我们认同周围的真实人物。 解题步骤 第一步：读懂原文，明确篇章结构 本文的篇章结构为“总—分—总”式： 第1段：引出问题——小说阅读是否仅仅是一种消遣，还是对我们的生活有实际益处。 第2段：描述小说可以带我们去到现实中无法到达的地方。 第3段：通过Carrie Oates的研究，说明小说阅读可以增强读者的同理心。 第4段：通过另一项研究，说明小说阅读可以提高读者对他人思想和情感的理解能力。 第5段：总结小说阅读如何通过“进入角色内心”来提升我们的社交思维能力。 第二步：去次留精，提炼关键信息 段落 关键词 1.引言 ①novels，enjoyable，benefits 2.小说的魔力 ②places，17th-century France，war-torn Germany，future world 3.同理心研究 ③Carrie Oates，short story，sympathize，personality changes 4.情感理解研究 ④photos of eyes，interpret thoughts and feelings 5.总结 ⑤social thinking，understanding others 第三步：归纳要点，合理转换表达 第1段：Novels are enjoyable, but do they have real-life benefits? （小说很有趣，但它们对现实生活有实际益处吗？） 第2段：Fiction can transport readers to different times and places. （小说可以将读者带到不同的时间和地点。） 第3段：Carrie Oates’ study shows that reading fiction increases empathy and personality changes. （Carrie Oates的研究表明，阅读小说可以增加同理心和个性变化。） 第4段：Another study shows that fiction readers are better at interpreting others’ thoughts and feelings. （另一项研究表明，阅读小说的人更擅长解读他人的思想和情感。） 第5段：Reading fiction improves social thinking and understanding of others. （阅读小说可以改善社交思维和对他人情感的理解。） 第四步：句式多样，注意过渡衔接 使用“not only... but also...”表达递进关系。 使用“According to”引出研究结果。 使用“Thus”连接因果关系。 概要写作答案（60词左右） Novels are enjoyable, but do they have real-life benefits? Fiction can transport readers to different times and places, from 17th-century France to future worlds. According to Carrie Oates’ study, reading fiction increases empathy and personality changes. Another study shows that fiction readers are better at interpreting others’ thoughts and feelings. Thus, reading fiction improves social thinking and understanding of others. Fiction reading is joyful and good for our lives. Fiction can lead us to where we can’t go in real life and let us know different people. Carrie Oates finds that fiction reading enables us to better understand the characters and thus change our personality, and that this understanding helps us identify with real people around us. (57) A 【2021嘉定一模】 Tai Chi Can Reduce Falls in Old People Old people who took part in a structured programme of Tai Chi found that their balance and physical strength improved, reducing the risk of falls, according to a paper in the latest Journal of Advanced Nursing. Researchers studied a group of fall-prone (易摔跤的) adults, with an average age of 78, living in residential care. 29 people undertook a 12-week Tai Chi programme and the other 30 formed the non-exercise control group. The exercise programme consisted of 10 minutes of warming-up exercises, 20 minutes of Sun-style Tai Chi movement and 5 minutes of cooling down exercises. During the exercise, traditional instrumental music was used. It helped the group maintain slow and continuous movements and provide a comforting effect. Both groups underwent a series of tests before and after the 12-week exercise programme. They measured their muscle strength, balance and confidence in avoiding falls. Researchers analyzed the data and compared them with those of the non-exercise control group. They found that the physical fitness of the exercise group showed significant improvement, with stronger knee and ankle muscles, improved flexibility and better balance. Tai Chi, an ancient Chinese martial art (武术), consists of a series of slow, gentle, continuous movements. It is particularly suitable for old people as it helps them to develop stronger muscles and better balance and concentration. “Our study shows that low-intensity exercise such as Tai Chi has great potential for health promotion. It can help old people to avoid falls by developing their balance, muscle strength and confidence,” says Professor Song. “We believe that regular exercise should be a fundamental part of caring for old people living both in the community and in residential care.” ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A structured Tai Chi program can help old people avoid falls. Researchers divided 59 fall-prone adults aged 78 on average into two groups. The exercise group receiving 12-week Tai Chi programs showed remarkable improvement in muscles, flexibility and balance compared with the non-exercise group. Researchers suggest old people should practice Tai Chi to promote health. 【解析】 本文是一篇实验报告类说明文。文章介绍说，练习太极拳可以帮助老年人避免跌倒。在一项研究中，研究人员将平均年龄为78岁的老人分为两组，一组参加为期12周的太极拳锻炼，另一组不参加。研究结果表明，参加太极拳锻炼的那一组在肌肉、柔韧性和平衡方面有显著改善。研究人员建议老年人应该练习太极来促进健康。 B （2024·上海·高三上海市吴淞中学校考期中） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Retirement - Paradise or Not Most people look forward to retirement as a time when they can finally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue before. But some recent studies on people in their golden years are disturbing: they suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure. That's why a new study of French workers is welcome news. Led by Hugo Westerlund, a professor of psychology at Stockholm University, the study of more than 14,000 workers found lower rates of depression and fatigue in people after they got retired while they were still employed. The scientists followed employees of the French National Gas and Electric Company for 14 years. They found in the year immediately after retirement, the volunteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year before their retirement. The researchers also found an 81% drop in reports of both mental and physical fatigue over the same time period. Clearly, said Westerlund, much of these decrease in physical and mental fatigue can be traced back to relief from the stresses of work. The decline in depressive symptoms suggests that retirement may be having a positive mental effect, too, which may have a lot to do with the generous pensions that French workers enjoy. Most retirees in that country still benefit from about 80% of their yearly salaries. "The economic or financial situation in retirement is very important," Westerlund says. "We don't know if the decrease in fatigue and depressive symptoms is because of the removal of something bad while in work or the addition of something good while in retirement. But no matter the reason, if life in retirement is not comfortable, then we won't see the improvements we did." However, in European nations like France, governments are considering changes to pension plans, which may affect retirees' health after they leave their jobs-with less of a financial safety net, workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Instead of a golden period to enjoy life, recent researches argue that retirement led to depression and diseases. However, a 14-year study involving 14000 French workers showed dramatic decline in depression and fatigue soon after retirement, which is believed to result from reduced work pressure and comfortable pension. Unfortunately, considering the possibility of cutting pension, the advantage may cease. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述大多数人期待着退休，可以从事他们以前从来没有时间或精力去追求的活动。但最近一些研究表明，退休人员更容易患抑郁症，心脏病和高血压等其他疾病的几率也更高。因为退休后他们还面临着经济压力。欧洲一些国家正在考虑通过调整养老金状况来减少老年退休的经济压力。 【详解】1 要点摘录①Most people look forward to retirement as a time when they can finally take up activities that they never had the time or energy to pursue before. ②But some recent studies on people in their golden years are disturbing: they suggest that retirees are more likely to suffer from depression and possibly higher rates of other diseases such as heart disease and high blood pressure. ③Led by Hugo Westerlund, a professor of psychology at Stockholm University, the study of more than 14,000 workers found lower rates of depression and fatigue in people after they got retired while they were still employed. ④The scientists followed employees of the French National Gas and Electric Company for 14 years. They found in the year immediately after retirement, the volunteers reported 40% fewer depressive symptoms than they had in the year before their retirement. ⑤However, in European nations like France, governments are considering changes to pension plans, which may affect retirees' health after they leave their jobs-with less of a financial safety net, workers may no longer seem so mentally and physically happy to be out of work. 2.缜密构思将第1、2两个要点进行整合，将第3、4两个要点进行整合，将第5要点进行优化 3.遣词造句Rather than a golden period to enjoy life, recent researches argue that retirement caused depression and diseases. However, a 14-year study involving 14000 French workers showed dramatic decline in depression and fatigue soon after retirement, which may result from reduced work pressure and comfortable pension.Unluckily, considering the possibility of cutting pension, the advantage may cease. 【点睛】[高分句型1] Instead of a golden period to enjoy life, recent researches argue that retirement led to depression and diseases.(运用that引导宾语从句) [高分句型2]：However, a 14-year study involving 14000 French workers showed dramatic decline in depression and fatigue soon after retirement, which is believed to result from reduced work pressure and comfortable pension.(运用which引导的非限制性定语从句) C （2025年静安一模） Hard times uplift human societies’ resilience(韧性) The old saying may be true: What doesn’t kill you makes you stronger. At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. They drew information from organic materials dug from the sites whose ages could be told based on the decay of carbon-14, a radioactive form of carbon. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. And farmers, either out of luck or because they had some sort of technology, got over the crises. As a result, they passed down the experience and the aspect of culture that could enable their descendants to do better next time. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. Whether modern humans can pull directly from these lessons is less certain. All of the societies in the study were pre-industrial and might have little in common with today’s global order. However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks. The research studied multiple sites across time and space. Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries. The comparing methodology of the study is valuable today. 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，一项研究发现，遭受危机的古代社会很快就能从未来的挫折中恢复过来。这项研究研究了跨越时间和空间的多个地点。采用日期作为数据的方法对收集的样本进行了年龄测定，结果发现，作为主要受害者的农民以某种方式幸存下来，这些经历使他们的后代受益，有助于未来的快速恢复。这项研究的比较方法在今天是有价值的。 【详解】1.要点摘录 ①At least that’s the case for human civilizations across 30,000 years of history, according to a new study published in Nature. The study found that, across the globe, ancient human societies that experienced serious setbacks were also quick to bounce back from future downturns. ②Historians and archaeologists have published many case studies on individual societal crises and human reactions, but it’s hard to compare these experiences from different eras and places. This study pulled together data from 16 separate sites around the globe, spanning from South Africa to Canada, with data stretching back as far as 30,000 years ago. ③To determine downturns and recoveries, the researchers used a method called dates-as-data. Through the study of the materials, it was found that farmers were most possible victims of disasters, since one bad weather or a dry season could mean immediate risk. It explains why these agricultural groups performed well in the future downturns and the agricultural societies were always well positioned to recover from disasters. ④However, the method to compare societies to look for patterns is important for modern people. 2.缜密构思 将第1个要点进行总说，将第2、3、4三个要点进行分说。 3.遣词造句 A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks. The research studied multiple sites across time and space. Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries. The comparing methodology of the study is valuable today. 【点睛】[高分句型1] A study found ancient societies suffering from crises recovered quickly from future setbacks.用现在分词作后置定语对第一段进行了概括，表达非常高级。 [高分句型2] Dates-as-data method was applied to tell ages of collected samples, which found farmers, the primary disaster victims, somehow survived and the experiences benefited their descendants for future quick recoveries.运用which引导非限制性定语从句对原文第四段进行了概括。 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$