专题5 第2讲 解题技法指导——利用词汇复现，发掘逻辑关系(Word教师用书)-【创新方案】2025年高考英语二轮复习专题辅导与测试

第二讲　解题技法指导——利用词汇复现，发掘逻辑关系 解答阅读七选五题目时，考生可以借助“隐性”信息，如词汇的复现以及句间的衔接关系等解题，这要求考生具备对文章结构和内容深度分析和理解的高阶思维能力。解题时，可以先通读文章，再读选项，然后从“隐性”信息角度思考并确定最佳答案。 一、依据词汇复现解题 为了从不同角度表达同一主题的需要，作者在文章中会使用一些意义相同、相近或相反的词汇。抓住这些复现词汇，就能快速准确地匹配一些选项。其解题思路为： (一)原词复现 原词复现是指同一个词(常为动词、名词、形容词)或短语反复出现在文中的其他句子里。这些词会以不同词性、数、格、时态、语态等形式出现，如：“looks”与“looking” “looked”； “go” 与“going” “went” 等。因此，要学会寻找空格前后句句中的相同关键词。 [典例]　(2024·全国甲卷节选) What is moderation (适度)? Basically, it means eating only as much food as your body needs. You should feel satisfied at the end of a meal, but not too full. 36 But it doesn't mean saying goodbye to the foods you love. D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E．Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. F．For many of us, moderation means eating less than we do now. G．That won't lead to cheating or giving up on your new eating plan. [分析]　前文提到，适度饮食意味着只吃身体需要的食物，餐后感觉满足但不过量。选项F“对我们大多数人来说，适度意味着比现在吃得少”进一步解释了适度饮食的含义，符合语境。选项F中的moderation和means是原词复现。 (二)派生词复现 派生词是由词根加词缀构成的词。派生词复现指的是同一词根构成的不同派生词在文中的重复出现。 [典例]　(2021·全国乙卷·节选) And what about that other dinner-party killer: awkward silence? If you're faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party, the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment (赞扬). 40 . Just quickly turn around and say, “This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.” So being interesting at a dinner party isn't that hard. E．Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most [分析]　本段第一句为段落主题句，主要讲到面对dinner-party killer: awkward silence (晚宴杀手：尴尬的沉默)时应该怎么办。根据空前的“the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment”可知，解决办法是赞扬晚宴的主人，G项“他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人”符合语境。G项中的awkwardness是本段主题句中的awkward的派生词，属于派生词复现，选项与段落主题一致。 (三)同义词/反义词复现 同义词/反义词相关信息是指文中空处的前后句或本段中的某个关键词(动词、名词、形容词或副词)的同/反义词在正确选项中出现。 [典例]　(2024·全国甲卷·节选) Eat with others whenever possible. Eating alone, specially in front of the TV or computer, often leads to mindless overeating. And be careful about the foods you keep at hand. It's more challenging to eat in moderation if you have unhealthy snacks at the ready, like cookies. 38 B．We don't always eat just to satisfy hunger. C．Don't swallow a meal on the way to work. D．Most of us need to double the amount we eat. E．Instead, surround yourself with healthy choices. [分析]　前文提到，如果你已经准备好了不健康的零食，比如饼干，那么适度饮食就更具挑战性了。选项E“相反，要让自己身边都是健康食物”与上文是转折关系，提供了一个具体的建议，帮助避免暴饮暴食，符合语境。该空上文出现了unhealthy, 它与选项E中的healthy是反义词。 (四)代词复现 行文中为了避免与上文提到的名词重复，常用不同的代词指代上文提到的人、事物或事件。如：it指代单数名词、不可数名词、句子； they 指代复数名词； ones 泛指复数名词；还有反身代词、指示代词、关系代词等。其解题思路为： [典例]　(2024·浙江1月高考·节选) The tip that comes up most often is simple: build online courses into your weekly schedule, just like what you would do with in-person courses. 39 He noted that his online students usually end up with lower grades. It is so easy to let an online course slide, but your grades will suffer as a result. Be sure to schedule set times to watch your lectures, read materials and contribute to online discussion boards. D．Professor Alex Davidson teaches the same course in person and online. E．The chief complaint about online courses is that they lack human interaction. F．If you take an online course, what can you do to ensure the best possible grade? G．A survey found that 29 percent of college students registered for online courses. [分析]　根据空后一句的人称代词He和句意“他注意到他的在线学生最后的成绩通常较低”可知，该代词指代一个人，对比选项，选项D的句子主语“Professor Alex Davidson”在身份上与He相符，其他选项中没有符合可指代的人。 二、依据句间逻辑关系解题 句间逻辑关系主要有转折、因果、并列、递进、解释、例证等。句间的逻辑关系除了借助一些特征词来体现以外，还可以从意思上来判断。表示逻辑关系的特征词主要有： 转折关系 but, however, otherwise, instead, though等 因果关系 because, so, therefore, consequently, thus等 并列关系 and, then, next, first ... second ..., also, too等 递进关系 what's more, besides, furthermore, further, moreover, in addition等 解释关系 means, that is (to say)等 例证关系 for example, for instance, such as等 1．转折关系 [典例]　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选) In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence. Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short. It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. [分析]　本题可利用转折关系特征词解题。根据空后“However”可知，上下文是转折关系。A项“我并不经常使用这本词典”与后文“然而，如果需要查词的起源或了解其用法示例，没有比《牛津英语大词典(简编本)》更好的了”形成转折关系。故选A。 2．因果关系 [典例]　(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷·节选) The third technique is to try printing out a triple-spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 39 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 40. Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. The resulting blank space invites you to revise. D．First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing. E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time. F．Many beginning writers don't leave enough space to revise. G．Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space. [分析]　本题可利用“因果关系”特征词解题。根据空后提示词“As a result”可知，空处与下文形成因果关系。F项中的revise与上文的revision呼应，且其中的Many beginning writers与后文的these writers相呼应。F项指出了新手作者的常见做法，空后一句说明了由这种做法引起的后果。 3．并列关系 [典例]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选) So, how do you find a workout partner? First of all，decide what you want from that person. 37 Or do you just want to be physically fit, able to move with strength and flexibility? Think about the exercises you would like to do with your workout partner. D．Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport? E．How can you write a good “seeking training partner” notice? F．Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other. G．Any notice for a training partner should include such information. [分析]　本题可利用并列关系特征词解题。根据题空后的“Or”可知，前后句是并列关系。D项“你想在你最喜欢的运动中成为一名更好的运动员吗？”与下文“或者你只是想要身体健康，行动更有力，更灵活？”在意思上并列。此外，D项与空处下一句都是“Do you ...？”结构的问句。 4．递进关系 [典例]　(2023·浙江1月高考·节选) Bring a blanket. When you're riding on trains, you won't be provided with a blanket for free, even if your trip is an overnight one. 38 In the summer in particular, the air conditioning can make them quite cold. A．Train trips aren't for impatient types. B．You'll have views from both sides of the train. C．The temperature on rail cars is often hard to control. D．That's particularly true during busy summer months. [分析]　本题的上下文虽然没有表示递进关系的特征词，但从空后的“in particular”可以看出，这句话是对空处的进一步解释。选项C“车厢内的温度经常很难控制”和空后的句子“尤其是夏天，空调会使车厢变得很冷”在逻辑上吻合，是递进关系。 5．解释关系 [典例]　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·节选) Visiting a place that others call home is a privilege (荣幸). Do your part to preserve what makes a destination special in the first place. 40 You may be amazed how much closer you'll feel to the people there. D．Can overtourism be avoided then? E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. [分析]　本题的上下文虽然没有表示解释关系的特征词，但是可以根据上下文的解释意义解题。根据语境，空前提到“首先，尽你的一份力去保护你的目的地与众不同之处”，选项G“考虑回馈你正在参观的社区”正是对前文Do you part的解释说明。 6．例证关系 [典例]　 37 For example, if you're six feet tall and I say, “Wow, you're tall! ” I'm being honest. I'm five feet nine, so plenty of people are tall compared to me. I'm expressing that subjectively, from my shorter vantage point, you are tall. I'm not saying everyone would agree with me. Just like if I say City of God is a great movie, I'm not saying you have to think it's a great movie. D．How honest are you with your friends and family when they ask for your opinion? E．When someone is trying to pay you a compliment (赞扬), they are speaking subjectively. F．When someone pays you a compliment, they are speaking about something that is observable. G．Similarly, when I call you smart or funny, I'm commenting based on my definition of smart or funny, and that's how I see you. [分析]　本题可利用例证关系特征词解题。根据题空后“For example”可知，后文“如果你有六英尺高，我说：‘哇，你真高！’”正是对E选项“当有人试图赞美你时，他们就主观地说出”的举例说明。此外，本题还可借助原词复现subjectively解题。故选E。 Tai chi has been studied scientifically in recent years. Evidence suggests that tai chi may offer numerous benefits beyond stress reduction. Wondering how to get started in tai chi? 1 A tai chi instructor can teach you some specific positions and how to control your breathing. 2 Although tai chi is slow and gentle without side effects, it's possible to get injured if you don't know how to do tai chi properly. It's possible you could strain (拉伤) your muscles or overdo it if you are a beginner, or you could worsen an existing condition. 3 There are no standard training programs for instructors. So check an instructor's training and experience, get recommendations if possible, and make sure that you're comfortable with his or her approach. 4 But if you like the social element, consider sticking with group tai chi classes. Under the guidance of the tai chi instructor, you may find it helpful to practice tai chi in the same place and at the same time every day to develop a routine. 5 You can even draw on the comforting mind-body concepts of tai chi without performing the actual movements, when you get stuck in stressful situations — a traffic jam or a contentious (争论不休的) work meeting, for instance. If you want to reap the greatest stress reduction and other health benefits from tai chi, just find an instructor and practice it regularly! A．An instructor can also teach you how to practice tai chi safely. B．Keep in mind that tai chi instructors don't have to be licensed. C．Some qualified web-based distance education is also an option. D．Taking classes is one of the best ways to become a tai chi instructor. E．You can consider seeking guidance from qualified tai chi instructors. F．Eventually, you may feel confident enough to do tai chi on your own. G．But if your schedule is flexible, do tai chi whenever you have a few minutes. [结构图示]　“总—分—总”结构 1．选E　根据上文“Wondering how to get started in tai chi？”可知，上文提出问题“想知道如何开始练习太极吗？”E项“You can consider seeking guidance from qualified tai chi instructors.”是对上文问题的回答，承上启下，符合语境。 2．选A　根据上文“A tai chi instructor can teach you some specific positions and how to control your breathing.”可知，上文介绍太极教练的作用。A项“An instructor can also teach you how to practice tai chi safely.”与上文构成并列关系，也是介绍太极教练的作用。also是关键提示。 3．选B　根据下文“There are no standard training programs for instructors.”可知，下文介绍没有规范的教练培训项目。B项“Keep in mind that tai chi instructors don't have to be licensed.”和下文都介绍了“教练培训”相关内容，且下文是对B项的进一步解释。 4．选F　根据下文“But if you like the social element, consider sticking with group tai chi classes.”可知，设空处与下文构成转折关系。F项“Eventually, you may feel confident enough to do tai chi on your own.”中的on your own与下文中的group tai chi classes形成对比，符合语境。 5．选G　根据上文“Under the guidance of the tai chi instructor ...every day to develop a routine.”可知，上文介绍每天在同一时间、同一地点打太极，并形成一种日常习惯是有帮助的。G项“But if your schedule is flexible, do tai chi whenever you have a few minutes.”补充上文，继续描述太极的时间安排，符合语境。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$