专题5 第1讲 解题思维入口——理清行文脉络，关注空格位置(Word教师用书)-【创新方案】2025年高考英语二轮复习专题辅导与测试

1．选文特点：以说明文为主(2024年新高考Ⅰ卷是夹叙夹议文)，一般为“总—分”或“总—分—总”结构。话题与社会生活紧密相关，人文气息浓厚，引导学生积极向上、关注社会、热爱生活。 2．设空位置：设空的位置多数集中在段中，主要考查上下文的逻辑关系。段首、段尾设空题主要考查主题句、过渡句或结论性语句。 3．选项特点：一致性：正确选项通常与文章的整体内容、语气及结构保持一致；干扰项：可能包含与文章事实不相干的信息，或者使用了与文章不符的语气或风格。 4．短文长度：阅读材料一般是一篇300词左右的短文，其中正文240词左右，备选项60词左右，且选项按照由短到长的顺序依次排列。 第一讲　解题思维入口——理清行文脉络，关注空格位置 一、理清语篇架构，把握段间逻辑关系 阅读七选五注重对考生行文结构能力的考查。高考所选语篇通常以说明文为主，结构严谨，段落层次分明。篇章以“总—分(—总)”结构最为常见。把握整体结构和段际关系，对于小标题设空类或者主旨句设空类题目的解答大有帮助。 阅读七选五常见的语篇结构如下： [例1]　 “总—分”结构 (2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿)． 36 No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly. I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典)．I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker. 37 Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus. 38 It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced. In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases. 39 However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better. For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755.“To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work，” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of “dull”． 40 A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience. A．I don't often use this dictionary. B．It takes no account of the context. C．But I still don't want to replace them. D．But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read. E．Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling. F．That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes. G．Dictionaries don't always give you enough information. [结构图示] [解题应用] 该篇文章是典型的“总—分”结构。据此，我们可以快速地从选项中选出第37、38题的答案。 第37题从反面论述了自己偏爱纸质词典的原因，即：为什么不使用电子词典——拼写检查程序不能很好地顾及上下文。故选B项。 第38题从正面论述了纸质词典的优点。设空处位于句首，总领全段内容——词典的多重作用和功能。故选E项。 [参考答案]　36～40　FBEAD [例2]　“总—分—总”结构 (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)As an artist who shares her journey on social media, I'm often asked by curious followers how to begin an art journey.Unfortunately, there is no magic list I can offer.I do remember, though, what it was like to be a complete beginner.So I've put together some good tips for starting an art journey. ·Start small.I suggest using a sketchbook (素描本) for small studies.These small studies provide inspiration and may be a springboard for more complex works in the future. 36 You'll want to look back on your journey to see how far you've come. ·Paint often and paint from life.There's no better way to improve than to put in those brush miles.Whether you paint still lives, portraits, or landscapes, paint from life as much as possible. 37 ·Continually challenge yourself to try something new. 38 Artistic growth can be a bit painful.Welcome to the club; we've all been there.I love taking on challenges.I once took up a challenge to create a painting every day for a month and post the works online. · 39 Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial to growth.I post my work on social media and, in turn, have met some of the kindest people.They make me feel valued and respected, no matter my level of artistic ability. The journey you're on won't follow a straight path. 40 Push through, give it time and put in the effort.You will harvest the rewards of an artistic life. A．Get out of your comfort zone. B．Make career plans and set goals. C．Don't throw away your beginner art. D．Share your work if you feel comfortable doing so. E．You'll hit roadblocks, and you'll feel discouraged at times. F．Evaluate your performance and, if needed, redefine your role. G．You'll develop that painting muscle memory that only comes with repetition. [结构图示] [解题应用] 该篇文章是典型的“总—分—总”结构，据此，我们可以快速地从选项中选出第39、40题的答案。 39．根据空处所在的位置可知，空处是本段的主题句。观察其他段落的主题句的句式均为肯定祈使句，故可缩小选择范围至A项、B项、C项、D项和F项。根据本段中的“Seeking and accepting constructive feedback (反馈) is crucial ...They make me feel valued and respected”可知，本段讲到了可以利用社交媒体寻求建设性的反馈以及这样做的好处，故D项“如果这样做让你觉得舒服，请分享你的作品”适合作本段的主题句。 40．该空为全文总结的一部分，即：艺术旅程的现实——充满挑战与挫折。E项承上启下，符合语境。 [参考答案]　36～40　CGADE 二、依据空格位置，把握思维趋向 (一)“段首题”的题目类型及思维趋向 段落 标题句 观察其他段落标题的表达形式 段落标题特点：短小精悍，以祈使句或短语为主 阅读段落内容，提炼中心词，留意体现主旨的原词、同源词、同义词、近义词或反义词等 段落 主题句 认真阅读下文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找同义词或其他相关词，推断主题句 段落间 过渡句 “瞻前顾后”找启示，正确答案应衔接上一段结尾并引起下一段内容 [例1]　(2024·新高考Ⅱ·卷节选) Overtourism Is For Real: How Can You Help? Travel promotes understanding, expands our minds, makes us better people, and boosts local economies and communities, but the rapid growth of travel has led to overtourism in certain regions and destinations. 36. So, should we stop traveling? Certainly not.The loss of what travel offers would be unacceptable in today's world.Here are some tips on making wise decisions to minimize pressure on the places we visit and improve our experience. ·Choose mindfully. ... ·Get creative. ... · 39 Minimize impact and maximize experience by skipping major holidays or rush hour.You'll compete with fewer tourists, save money, experience a different side of a popular place, and boost the economy when tourism is traditionally slower. A．Visit during off-peak times. B．So, should we stop traveling? C．Travel for you and no one else. D．Can overtourism be avoided then? E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. G．Consider giving back to the communities you're visiting. [分析]　本题考查段首主题句。考生在做题前，先整体观察一下文章是不是“总—分”结构。如果是，紧接着观察每一部分(段落)是否有主题句。若有，这些主题句往往句式相同，并且前面往往有实心圆点。如果设空处恰好处于段首的位置，则该处一般为段落主题句，这样就可快速从选项中找出类似的结构，并根据本段内容做出选择。根据文章特征可知，段首主题句应填祈使句，排除B、D、E、F；再根据本段中的“skipping major holidays or rush hour”可知，本段强调错峰出行。故A项“淡季旅游”符合语境。 [例2]　(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选) Parisians are different from you and me. They never look lazy or untidy. As someone noted in this paper a couple of weeks ago, they eat great food and never gain weight. 38.The food is so delicious that you don't need much of it to make you happy. French strawberries do not taste like cardboard. Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 39 On our first morning in Paris, I went around the corner to the food market to pick up some groceries. I bought a handful of perfectly ripe small strawberries and a little sweet melon. My husband and I agreed they were the best fruit we had ever eaten. But they cost D|S18! B．The quality of life in France is equally excellent. E．That's not the only reason the French eat less than we do. [分析]　本题考查段落间过渡句。上一段讲到法国人吃得少的原因之一是食物非常美味，无需太多就可以心满意足，而第39题设空处之后则讲述了法国人吃得少的另一个原因——水果价格昂贵。分析选项可知，E项承上启下，符合语境，且该项中的“That”指代上文论述过的原因。 (二)“段中题”的题目类型及思维趋向 细 节 句 阅读各个选项，标记关键词，包括关联词。利用关键词的比较、匹配，确定选项 利用词汇复现确定选项 利用表示并列、转折、让步和因果关系等的关联词确定选项 过 渡 句 阅读设空前后内容，挖掘内在逻辑关系 阅读各个选项，标记表示转折、并列、让步或因果关系等的关联词 注意词汇复现：同源、同义、近义或反义词复现，不同时态的动词形式等 [例1]　(2023·全国乙卷·节选) Which plants can you grow? Aloe vera, peace lilies and spider plants are some of the species that are easy to grow indoors. You can buy plants from supermarkets, garden centres or online. Younger plants are often cheaper than fully grown ones, and you get to care for them as they mature — which is part of the joy of owning plants. “ 40 ，” Spoelstra says. “It can bring a new interest and focus into people's lives and help to make the link between home and nature.” F．Changing the pot of your plant from time to time will also help G．Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very rewarding [分析]　本题设空类型属于段中细节句。根据空后一句可知，It指代该空内容，说明这样做可以为人们的生活带来新的兴趣和焦点，并有助于建立家与自然之间的联系。据此可以推知，空处说明了解每种植物的需求是非常有益的。空后句子中“can bring”和“help”都指向G选项中的“rewarding”。 [例2]　(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷·节选) Fitness Magazine recently ran an article titled “Five Reasons to Thank Your Workout Partner.” One reason was：“You'll actually show up if you know someone is waiting for you at the gym，” while another read：“ 36 ” With a workout partner, you will increase your training effort as there is a subtle (微妙) competition. A．Your first meeting may be a little awkward. C．You'll work harder if you train with someone else. [分析]　本题设空类型属于段中过渡句。空前一句提到与人一起去锻炼，空后说有一个锻炼伙伴，你会更加努力，因为存在微妙的竞争。选项C“如果你和别人一起训练，你会更努力”承上启下，符合语境。选项C中的关键词“someone else”分别对应上文的“someone is waiting for you”和下文的“a workout partner”。 (三)“段尾题”的题目类型及思维趋向 总 结 句 阅读空前段落内容并加以总结，抓住主旨，并利用词汇复现等技巧选出正确选项。注意总结性词语，如therefore，thus, to sum up, to conclude, in a word等 细 节 句 空前一句或前两句是重点语句，应仔细阅读 锁定空前重点语句中的关键词和体现逻辑关系的关联词 寻找选项中是否有表示逻辑关系的关联词 过 渡 句 “瞻前顾后”找启示，关注本段首句和下一段首句 分析空前重点语句，结合下一段开头，留意关联词和关键词 所选答案能衔接上下段内容 [例1]　(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷·节选) ·Choose mindfully. Overvisited destinations are that way for a reason: they're special. With so many online posts featuring the same places, it's easy to feel like you're missing out.Go somewhere only when the landscape, culture or food deeply draws you. 37 C．Travel for you and no one else. E．You can still find relatively undiscovered places. F．You'll find yourself virtually alone, or close to it. [分析]　本题设空类型属于段尾总结句。根据本段首句可知，本段建议人们要谨慎地选择旅行地点。根据本段第三句可知，人们可能会担心错过什么而跟风去某地旅行；再根据空前“只有当一个地方的风景、文化或食物深深吸引你时，才去那里”可知，旅行地的选择应基于个人的真实兴趣，与他人无关。C项对上文内容作出了总结。 [例2]　(2023·全国甲卷·节选) Tricks To Becoming A More Patient Person Here's a riddle: What do traffic jams, long lines and waiting for a vacation to start all have in common? There's one answer: 36 . In the Digital Age, we're used to having what we need immediately and right at our fingertips. However, research suggests that if we practiced patience, we'd be a whole lot better off. Here are several tricks. D．All this adds up to a state of hurry G．They're all situations where we could use a little extra patience [分析]　本题设空类型属于段尾细节句。根据空前的“There's one answer”可知，本空要回答前面的问题“What do traffic ... have in common？”根据文章标题和常识可知，所问的三种情况都需要人们多点耐心，故G项“这些都是我们需要多一点耐心的情况”符合语境。G项中的“They”指代上文提到的“traffic jams”“long lines”和“waiting for a vacation to start”，“patience”也是文章标题中的主题词汇Patient的同源词。 [例3]　(2022·浙江1月高考·节选) I have the same 24 hours in a day as you do, but I have made specific choices that allow me to make the most of every day, and still feel happy and relaxed. 31 •Pick the most important. ... •Combine your activities. ... •34. Be an active learner. ... •Lighten up. ... D．Make choices about what is meaningful in your life. E．The things you do well usually give you greater joy. F．Perhaps these tips will help you make the most of your time. G．This is why making lists is important in any productivity handbook. [分析]　本题设空类型属于首段段尾过渡句。考生在做题前，先整体观察一下文章是不是“总—分”结构。如果是，首段的末尾句往往起到统领下文的作用。如果在首段末尾处设题，正确答案的语句通常为： Here are some tips/advice on how to .../The following steps may help you .../Here are some ways to ...等。此处上文说作者做出选择，充分利用每一天，并且依然感到快乐和轻松。根据下文各段落小标题可知，下文就如何充分利用每一天给出了建议，因此空格处应是承上启下，F项中的“help you make the most of your time”与上文“to make the most of every day”一致，“tips”引出下文的建议。 (2024·长郡中学适应性考试)Is going alone in an unknown area the right way to go, or do you want a tour guide to show you the highlights? I think that you can combine the two ways in one trip and have the best of both worlds. 1 The best purchase we made was for a bus tour that would take us around the capital and point out all the main sites.That allowed us the next day to travel on foot to the ones we especially wanted to see. Let's look at the San Francisco Bay Area which is another one of my favorite vacation spots.Some areas are so familiar to tourists that it's possible to view the attractions on your own. 2 Fisherman's Wharf and Pier 39 are good examples.Just by walking a few blocks, you can tour Aquarium of the Bay and the Riptide Arcade on Pier 39. 3 If you go to Alcatraz Island, you have a choice of going alone, having a live tour guide or being guided by earphones.I would recommend the live tour guides.I went all three ways, and I received more enjoyment by someone telling me items of interest I know I had missed on previous tours. 4 It gives you a behind-the-scenes look of colorful Chinatown.The tour covers history, traditions of the local people and culture that you probably wouldn't know or see by travelling alone. You can go alone to attractions or take a guided tour.It's your choice and you can choose whichever would give you the most memorable experience. 5 A．I recommend both. B．It's possible to drive to the area and go alone. C．One trip we recently took was to Washington DC. D．Some attractions are worth having a tour guide for. E．Chinatown Walking Tours are a tour-guided must-see. F．That allows you to take your time and go at your own pace. G．The tour guides know what we have never found out on our own. [结构图示]　“总—分—总”结构 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。旅行中独自游玩还是选择有导游的方式？作者根据自己的旅行经历建议最好是两者相结合，这种互补的方式能让旅行更完美、更难忘。 1．选C　由“文脉图”可知，该空是描述“跟团旅行”与“单独旅行”相结合的方式的好处所采用的第一个例证。后文中的capital和C选项中的Washington DC为同义词复现。故选C项。 2．选F　根据上文的“Let's look at ...on your own.”和下文的“Fisherman's Wharf ...on Pier 39.”可知，F项(这样你就可以慢慢来，按照自己的节奏去参观。)承接上文，说明游客熟悉某些景点可以给自己参观带来便利，下文具体举例说明。 3．选 D　该空为“跟团旅行”的例证，考查段落主旨句。下文作者推荐跟随导游游玩并具体举出了一个值得有导游引领的景点，由此可知，D项适合做主题句。 4．选E　根据下文的“It gives you ...by travelling alone.”可知，这里介绍了另外一个值得跟随导游游玩的地方，即唐人街。E项(唐人街徒步游是跟随导游的必游项目。)可以引出下文的介绍。 5．选A　该空为全文总结部分，所给的选项中只有答案A为旅行方式的总结。A项和开头的“I think that you can combine the two ways in one trip and have the best of both worlds.”呼应。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$