专题2 第2讲 运用8大技法，逐层“完空”下的完形(Word教师用书)-【创新方案】2025年高考英语二轮复习专题辅导与测试

第二讲　运用八大技法，逐层“完空”下的完形 完形填空要求考生在有限的时间内，既能从宏观上准确把握语篇的主题语境、故事情节、情感主线，又能够从微观上分析文章的词汇、语义和句际间的逻辑衔接手段。因此，掌握一定的答题方法和技巧，能够有效地帮助考生提高自己的解题能力。为了近距离感悟怎样准解题，提高解题能力，下面选取两篇高考完形填空题，具体例析完形填空的八个解题技巧。 解题技法例析(一)—利用上下文语境、逻辑关系、习惯搭配、生活常识和价值取向解题 说明：解题技法例析(一)和后面例析(二)中的技法归属没有任何标准依据，更不存在常用技法和非常用技法之别，只是根据典例习题所用到的解题方法的随机组合。选择完整的语篇作例题，从而引出解题技法，旨在提醒考生在考场解题时，要因题而别、活学活用技法，而不可“按图索骥”地硬套技法。 [例1]　(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight __1__. They could not afford to pay for __2__ for their dog, Tiffy, and __3__ wanted to take her with them. It just __4__ that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who __5__ to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia.What I was to do was fly to Topeka to __6__ Tiffy. When I met Tiffy's owners, they seemed very __7__. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was __8__ for him, having to leave his dog to a __9__ and trust that everything would __10__. After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me __11__ Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and __12__ them as soon as we got to Kansas City. The flight was __13__， and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she __14__ with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so __15__ and sent me a nice e­mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again. 参考答案：1－5 BDACB　6－10 DBACB　11－15 DADCA 1．A.turn　　　　　　　 B．budget C．schedule D．connection 2．A.food B．shelter C．medicine D．transportation 3．A.desperately B．temporarily C．secretly D．originally 4．A.appeared B．proved C．happened D．showed 5．A.waited B．offered C．hurried D．failed 6．A.see off B．look for C．hand over D．pick up 7．A.confused B．nervous C．annoyed D．curious 8．A.hard B．fine C．common D．lucky 9．A.coworker B．passenger C．stranger D．neighbor 10．A.speed up B．work out C．come back D．take off 11．A.feed B．follow C．change D．load 12．A.call B．join C．leave D．serve 13．A.unnecessary B．unexpected C．unavoidable D．uneventful 14．A.returned B．fought C．flew D．agreed 15．A.thankful B．generous C．proud D．sympathetic 　 [解题技法例析] 技法(一)　利用上下文语境解题 根据上下文语境来判断选项是完形填空中最常用的解题方法，也是其他方法的基础。上下文语境具体体现为：全文的中心主线和主题、作者的态度倾向和评价、上下文语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。在句内或句组层次题中，我们通常可以通过上下文语境暗示，即根据已知信息，推导出正确答案。 第1题 句组层次题，可以利用下文语境解题。根据下文中的“They could not afford to pay for ________ for their dog”可知，他们预算(budget)很紧张。 第9题 句内层次题，可以利用上文语境解题。根据上文可知，作者和这家人不认识，所以这家人是在把他们的狗交给一个陌生人(stranger)。 技法(二)　利用逻辑关系解题 逻辑关系指文章在语法或语意上存在并列、顺承、转折、因果、目的等关系。考生只有在透彻理解文意的基础上，才能对上下文的逻辑关系做出正确的判断，从而选出正确答案。因此，考生须掌握常见逻辑关系的标志词语(如：and, but, however, then, so, because, instead of, so as to等)，通过标志词语透彻理解上下文的逻辑关系。 第8题 句内层次题，可以利用上文连词but解题。根据连词but可知，上下文之间为转折关系。根据上文的“George, the husband, was trying to be calm”以及下文中的“having to leave his dog to a ________ and trust that everything would ________”可知，此处表示作者能看出这件事对George来说很难(hard)。 技法(三)　利用习惯搭配及固定结构解题 英语语言中的很多词汇常以短语搭配的形式出现，完形填空题中的词汇也不例外，这时考生就需要运用习惯搭配及固定结构来解题。很多时候，在分析语境、厘清空白处含义的基础上，利用对短语搭配的分析可以快速、准确地推断完形填空的未知信息。 第4题 句内层次题，可以利用固定句式解题。根据下文中的“I was planning another PNP flight”可知，作者碰巧也要去。It just happened that ...“碰巧……”为固定句式。 技法(四)　利用生活常识和文化背景解题 一些完形填空题经常会涉及文化或生活常识方面的知识，这些文化或生活常识主要靠考生平时的积累，从某种程度上来说，此类问题主要考查考生的学习视野和知识面。 第12题 句内层次题，可以利用生活常识解题。根据下文中的“as soon as we got to Kansas City”以及生活常识可知，一到达目的地堪萨斯城，作者应该就会打电话(call)告知他们。 技法(五)　利用文章积极的价值取向解题 完形填空的价值取向是积极的，体现真善美，具体包括“真诚、善良、无私、美好、和谐、乐观、感恩等”积极向上的优秀道德品质。 第15题 语篇层次题，可以根据文章积极的价值取向解题。本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和另一名飞行员通过PNP计划帮助George一家人把宠物狗从托皮卡市运输到弗吉尼亚的感人故事。本文体现了善良、和谐、感恩的优秀品德。由此可知，宠物狗主人 George最后对作者他们应是非常感激的(thankful)。 解题技法例析(二)——利用语义复现、成分分析和观点态度解题 [例2]　(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross­country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier than she did. Her __2__ came because she was carrying a __3__ across the finish line. As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two­thirds of the way through her __4__ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She __5__ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with __6__. She couldn't. Bailey then __7__ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention. Once there, Lenoue was __9__ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme __10__ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey's help. As for Bailey, she is more __11__ about why her act is considered a big __12__. “She was just crying. I couldn't __13__ her，” Bailey told the reporter.“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.” Although the two young women were strangers before the __14__， they've since become friends. Neither won the race, but the __15__ of human kindness won the day. 参考答案：1－5 DADAC　6－10 BDABB　11－15 CDACB 1．A.designed　　　　 B．followed C．changed D．finished 2．A.delay B．chance C．trouble D．excuse 3．A.judge B．volunteer C．classmate D．competitor 4．A.race B．school C．town D．training 5．A.agreed B．returned C．stopped D．promised 6．A.courage B．aid C．patience D．advice 7．A.went away B．stood up C．stepped aside D．bent down 8．A.medical B．public C．constant D．equal 9．A.interrupted B．assessed C．identified D．appreciated 10．A.hunger B．pain C．cold D．tiredness 11．A.worried B．ashamed C．confused D．discouraged 12．A.game B．problem C．lesson D．deal 13．A.leave B．cure C．bother D．understand 14．A.ride B．test C．meet D．show 15．A.secret B．display C．benefit D．exchange [解题技法例析] 技法(一)　利用语义复现解题 语义复现是一种语义衔接手段，它通过原词、同义词或近义词、反义词、上义词、下义词、同源词或同根词等重复出现来表达某一概念，使整篇文章上下连贯，有机地衔接在一起。因此，考生可根据文章的具体情况，利用文章中的语义复现来选择正确的答案。 第3题 句组层次题，可以利用语义复现解题。根据上文的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross­country race”并结合下文中的“Bailey then ... the finish line”可知，Bailey背着她的竞争对手(competitor)通过了终点线。分析选项可知，competitor是compete的同根词。 第4题 句组层次题，可以利用语义复现解题。根据上文的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross­country race”并结合本句中的“more than two­thirds of the way”“a runner in front of her”可知，此处指她的比赛(race)。race是上文中race的原词复现。 第6题 句组层次题，可以利用语义复现解题。根据上文的“She ________ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue.”并结合本句中的“Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward”可知，此处指Bailey抓着Lenoue的胳膊想看看在她的帮助(aid)下Lenoue是不是可以向前走。分析选项可知，aid是help的同义复现。 技法(二)　利用对应成分分析法解题 完形填空文章的上下文之间以及句子内部之间往往有着一定的逻辑关系，它使句子的各个成分 之间形成一定的对应关系。考生可以根据这种逻辑关系找出与未知填空相对应的已知成分，将它作为线索，通过它推断出未知填空的答案。 第1题 句组层次题，可以利用对应成分分析法解题。根据空后的“than”可知，空处应和“did”对应；根据下文的“across the finish line”可知，此处指Bailey本应该要早一点完成比赛的。将did作为线索，可推断出答案应该是“finished (完成)”。 第9题 句内层次题，可以利用对应成分分析法解题。根据空后的“and”可知，空处应和“taken to a hospital”对应；结合常识可知，Lenoue在这里先接受(伤情)评估，然后被送往医院。将taken to a hospital作为线索，可推断出答案应该是“assessed (评估)”。 技法(三)　利用作者的观点态度和感情色彩解题 解答完形填空题目时，在快速阅读文章的过程中，注意仔细找出能够反映作者的态度和感情色彩的重要词汇，它们往往是名词、形容词、副词或动词。这些词汇通常是做题时重要的参照线索，可以快速确定某些题目的正确答案。 第11题 语篇层次题，要求考生在把握全文的主旨大意的情况下，结合设空处所在语境感受作者的情感态度，选取合适的形容词来表达。根据下文的“why her act is considered a big __________”和“I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”可知，Bailey认为自己只是做了应该做的事，因此应该是对把她的行为看成了不起的事感到疑惑(confused)。在了解了主角的心路历程后，便可轻松推导出其在具体语境下的情感态度，从而准确答题。 (2024·深圳二模)When I was 24, I moved to America, 11,000 kilometers away from my homeland. This was __1__， especially fitting into an unfamiliar environment. Working from home increased my __2__， as I was cut off from social interactions. However, serving as a volunteer at a local animal shelter __3__ everything. Upon arriving at the shelter, I was__4__ to a small, grey and white cat named Luna immediately. Found abandoned and terrified of humans, Luna __5__ in the corner, shaking. Her lonely green eyes seemed to __6__ my own sense of displacement in this foreign land. My task was to slowly gain Luna's __7__ and help her adjust, which felt similar to my efforts to __8__ this new place. As days turned into weeks, Luna and I developed a __9__. The process of feeding her, speaking softly, and the __10__ required to look after her made this little creature gradually open her heart to me. Her __11__ encouraged me to step outside, make new friends, and become part of the community. My time at the shelter provided a valuable __12__ into settling down in a new country. It is an inspiring experience of __13__ gaps of language and culture and a journey of personal growth. From it, I realized the value of time, love, and a(n) __14__ heart in forming meaningful relationships. This journey aided me in finding a sense of __15__ in an unfamiliar land. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者身在异国他乡，因无法融入周围的环境而感到孤独。后来作者在当地一家动物收容所做志愿者，通过照顾一只小猫的经历让作者发生了改变，找到了归属感。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1．A.tough B．dangerous C．exciting D．rewarding 解析：选A　根据空后的“especially fitting into an unfamiliar environment”可知，作者难以融入陌生的环境中。 2．A.happiness B．interest C．loneliness D．guilt 解析：选C　根据空后的“as I was cut off from social interactions”可知，作者在家工作，无法与外界交流，所以感到孤独。 3．A.upset B．cost C．challenged D．changed 解析：选D　根据However前后的语境可知，作者在收容所当志愿者之前感觉难以融入和孤独，但来到收容所后作者发生了改变。 4．A.drawn B．compared C．driven D．devoted 解析：选A　根据空后的“to a small, grey and white cat named Luna immediately”可知，作者被这只名叫Luna的猫吸引了。 5．A.played B．hid C．slept D．relaxed 解析：选B　根据句中的“Found abandoned and terrified of humans”和空后的“in the corner, shaking”可知，由于害怕，Luna躲在角落里发抖。 6．A.reject B．control C．cover D．mirror 解析：选D　根据第一段内容并结合句中的“Her lonely green eyes”和“my own sense of displacement in this foreign land”可知，作者在异国他乡感到难以融入和孤独，这只猫的处境让作者产生了共鸣，它孤独的绿色眼睛反映了作者在异国他乡的流离失所感。 7．A.praise B．sympathy C．forgiveness D．trust 解析：选D　根据下文中的“made this little creature gradually open her heart to me”并结合常识可知，作者照顾这只猫时需要获得它的信任。 8．A.escape from B．adapt to C．get around D．search for 解析：选B　根据句中的“help her adjust”可知，帮助猫适应的过程与作者努力适应新地方的过程类似。 9．A.bond B．plan C．habit D．skill 解析：选A　根据下文“The process of feeding her, speaking softly, and the __________ required to look after her made this little creature gradually open her heart to me.”可知，随着时间流逝，Luna和作者之间建立了融洽的关系。 10．A.guidance B．independence C．confidence D．patience 解析：选D　根据空后的“required to look after her”并结合常识可知，照顾流浪猫需要耐心。 11．A.courage B．acceptance C．assistance D．curiosity 解析：选B　根据上文中的“made this little creature gradually open her heart to me”可知，猫逐渐向作者打开了心扉，它接受了作者。 12．A.innovation B．insight C．investigation D．investment 解析：选B　根据下文中的“It is an inspiring experience ... forming meaningful relationships.”可知，作者在收容所的经历让作者对在异国安顿下来有了新的见解。 13．A.leaving B．widening C．bridging D．creating 解析：选C　根据空后的“gaps of language and culture”可知，这里指消除语言和文化隔阂。bridge the gap是习惯搭配，意为“消除隔阂”。 14．A.open B．simple C．strong D．innocent 解析：选A　根据上文中的“... open her heart to me. Her ________ encouraged me to step outside ...”可知，作者曾经难以适应新环境，但与猫的相处经历让他明白了保持一颗开放的心对建立关系的意义。open此处是原词复现。 15．A.responsibility B．security C．belonging D．freedom 解析：选C　根据上文中的“Her __________ encouraged me to step outside, make new friends, and become part of the community.”和空后的“in an unfamiliar land”并结合语境可知，作者在与猫相处的过程中获得了成长，学着走出去社交，他在陌生的地方找到了归属感。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$