专题2 第1讲 围绕主题语境，“完意”统率下的完形(Word教师用书)-【创新方案】2025年高考英语二轮复习专题辅导与测试

一、考什么——题型考情分析 1．选材立意有高度 选材体现育人功能。以2024年完形填空题为例，Ⅰ卷引导学生培养批判性思维，Ⅱ卷融入多元文化意识，全国甲卷旨在增强学生对现在幸福生活的感知能力，弘扬感恩之心。 2．题目设计有梯度 设空立足于篇章，着眼于段落之间、句子之间的联系。2024年完形填空句内层次题有所减少，句组层次题的考查有所增加，全国Ⅰ卷、Ⅱ卷和甲卷分别有9个、9个和13个题考查句组层次题，语篇层次题数量基本稳定，依然是考生的难点。 3．题型考法可揣度 体裁以记叙文为主，说明文和夹叙夹议文为辅。高考完形填空遵循“以实词为主、虚词为辅、突出词汇语境化”的命题原则。语言简单，长句不多。对动词、名词和形容词的考查最多，对一词多义、熟词生义适当考查。 二、怎么解题——遵循“完意→完空→完美”三步骤 “完形填空”是命题人对一篇完整的美文在保证文脉骨架相对完整的前提下，有意挖出若干个空格所为。若想完美“复原”空格，首先要对残缺不全的短文进行“完意”，即完整地把握文章大意，然后再边读边填，逐层完空，最后代入答案，复验全篇。“先完意→再完空→后完美”是准做完形填空的不二途径，具体解题流程如下： 第一讲　围绕主题语境，“完意”统率下的完形 在以“立德树人”为价值引领的高考指引下，“主题语境”意识在解答完形填空时愈发重要。只有把握了语篇的主旨大意，才能确保思考方向不跑偏。同样，围绕主题语境这条主线，对选项进行语域性的甄别筛选，不失为一种快捷的解题渠道。在解题时，可抓住4种类型的语域词判定选项。 1．圈定主题语域内的话题词定选项 2．根据主题语境形成的语义场定选项 3．沿循主题语境下的情节线定选项 4．发掘主题语境下的价值观定选项 具体解题要领例析如下： [典例]　(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷) I've been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks' achievements all my life. When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend __1__ a marathon race.Feeling motivated, I started running __2__， but then two things happened.First, a girl I met one day told me she was __3__ for a “super，” referring to a 52.4­mile double marathon. Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.To be honest, I __4__ it! Between the girl making my __5__ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only __6__ I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me! So I __7__ cycling. I got a good bike and rode a lot. I __8__ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister. While she was at work one day, I __9__ her bike and went for a ride. The __10__： The roads there went through large valleys where I'd be riding uphill for miles at a time. I'd never faced such __11__. That day, I got __12__ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads. When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn't seem quite as __13__. I've __14__ a lot since then. I've come to accept that whatever __15__ I set for myself, they just have to be my own. 参考答案：1－5 CADCB　6－10 DCBBA　11－15 DADBC 1．A.knew　　　　　　 B．held C．won D．quit 2．A.regularly B．silently C．proudly D．recently 3．A.asking B．looking C．waiting D．training 4．A.made B．believed C．hated D．deserved 5．A.advantage B．achievement C．contribution D．influence 6．A.way B．risk C．place D．reason 7．A.gave up B．went on C．turned to D．dealt with 8．A.heard B．dreamed C．complained D．approved 9．A.painted B．borrowed C．bought D．parked 10．A.problem B．secret C．principle D．advice 11．A.dangers B．events C．opponents D．challenges 12．A.passed B．convinced C．admired D．stopped 13．A.reliable B．convenient C．familiar D．appealing 14．A.traveled B．matured C．missed D．worried 15．A.limits B．dates C．goals D．tests 　 [解题技法例析] (一)圈定主题语域内的话题词定选项 主题语境下的话题词是指该类主题语篇中最常使用的词汇，是阐述语篇内容的骨干支撑词汇，这些骨干词汇形成一定的语域而服务于语篇主题。考生在解答完形填空时可以根据文章主题调动语域内的话题词来确定答案。 本文主题是“别人的成就有激励作用，但不一定适合自己，不要盲目跟风”。该主题的常用词有“achievement, win, motivate，dream, pursue, challenge, growth, goal”等。 围绕该主题，第1题应是讲邻里朋友在马拉松赛跑中取得了好成绩，这件事激发了作者练习跑马拉松的决心。由此可知，本题应选won“赢得”。 第8题位于文章第三段，上文讲述了作者在训练马拉松赛跑时受挫，转向自行车运动。联系主题，此处应表示作者梦想(dreamed)能参加自行车比赛。 (二)根据主题语境形成的语义场定选项 主题语境下的语义场是指完形填空语篇中的某一部分语义相关的句子，它们在故事线索或者细微的故事场景上具有很强的逻辑性和关联性。因此，考生可以通过调用语义场词汇来确定相关问题的正确答案。 第4－6题属于一个语义场，即“作者对马拉松失去兴趣、放弃跑步”。根据“the pure boredom of jogging”及“...I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me”可知，作者厌恶(hated)跑步。一起跑步的一个女生在为52.4英里的双程马拉松赛跑进行训练，而作者最长的跑步距离才15英里。和她相比，作者的成就(achievement)显得微不足道。因为这个因素，作者决定再也不跑步，除非理由(reason)是被狗追。 第10－12题属于一个语义场，即“作者骑车时遇到的挑战”。整体联系该场景所给信息可知，这次骑行要穿过大山谷，所以作者需要一次骑好几英里的上坡路，这是作者遇到的问题(problem)，作者之前从未遇到过这样的挑战(challenges)，同时，作者还被约100名当地自行车手赶超(passed)。 (三)沿循主题语境下的情节线定选项 完形填空的文体多为记叙文，文章一般是按照“事件的发生、发展、结果(感悟)”这一情节线展开。关注情节线有助于快速确定正确选项。 本文的情节线是：邻居赢得马拉松赛跑→激励作者开始跑步→意识到自己的差距→厌恶跑步→放弃跑步，转向自行车运动 →再次发现自己与他人的差距→对自行车运动失去兴趣→反思与成长。 文章前两题所在句讲述的是事件起因、发生，描述了作者在邻居赢得马拉松赛跑这一事实的激励下，开始练习跑步。故第2题应表示定期(regularly)跑步。 第7题位于文章第三段，按行文脉络此处讲述的是事件的进一步发展：作者在训练马拉松赛跑中受挫，因此转向(turned to)自行车运动。 第15题位于文章尾段，是主旨升华句所在，应描述事件的结果及作者的感悟：无论为自己设定什么目标(goals)，都必须是(适合)自己的。 (四)发掘主题语境下的价值观定选项 “价值引领”是新高考命题的核心功能之一，立德树人、以文化人是教育的使命和担当。通过语篇阅读、文化浸润让学生树立正确的价值观是高考命题选材之“要”。对于有关文章主旨、主题类题目，可从文章反映出的“价值观”角度快速准确判定选项。如： 本文中作者讲述了自己的一段人生经历，反映的是“个人成长”，强调的是正确的自我认知，不盲从他人。 第14题所在句描述的是作者在经历了跑步和骑自行车两项运动以后，终于树立了正确的自我认知，走向成熟。故该题选matured。 (2024·运城二模)When I was fifteen, I planned to start my business. But every time I wanted to try something new, I felt there was a __1__ between two different versions of me: One wanted to __2__ the world, while the other was __3__ rejection. Then I learned about “Rejection Therapy (治疗)”. Basically, the __4__ is that you look for rejection and get rejected at something every day — finally, you no longer feel __5__. Once, I thought, “What if I just__6__ to teach a college class？” I went to University of Texas at Austin and knocked on a professor's door and asked, “Can I teach your class？” I was rejected. Because I didn't run, on the ninth try, the professor was very __7__. He carefully __8__ my well­prepared materials for the __9__ and said, “Cool! I'll fit you in my curriculum (课程)．” Three months later, when I finished teaching that class, I walked out crying with __10__. I was rejected many times, but I __11__ got used to it. Then I faced it calmly and ultimately got myself __12__. Honestly speaking, rejection__13__ me a lot, so at first I ran away from it. However, when I began __14__it, I could turn it into the biggest __15__ in my life. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。尽管作者多次被拒绝，但是作者不放弃，最终得到了想要的工作。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1．A.feature B．link C．deal D．battle 解析：选D　根据下文“One wanted to__________ the world, while the other was __________ rejection.”可知，两个不同版本的“我”在战斗。 2．A.change B．ignore C．destroy D．recall 解析：选A　根据上文“But every time I wanted to try something new”可知，一个想改变世界。 3．A.open to B．sure about C．interested in D．afraid of 解析：选D　根据“rejection”和常识可知，此处指害怕被拒绝。 4．A.price B．excuse C．idea D．news 解析：选C　根据下文“you look for rejection and get rejected at something every day — finally, you no longer feel ________ ”可知，这是个概念。 5．A.embarrassed B．bored C．tired D．confused 解析：选A　根据上文“you look for rejection and get rejected at something every day — finally, you no longer feel __________”可知，被拒绝多次就不感到尴尬了。 6．A.agree B．decline C．ask D．pretend 解析：选C　根据下文“I went to University of Texas at Austin and knocked on a professor's door and asked, ‘Can I teach your class？’”可知，这是作者的要求。 7．A.grateful B．impressed C．envious D．regretful 解析：选B　根据上文“on the ninth try”可知，作者已经是第九次尝试了，所以教授对作者印象深刻。 8．A.broke down B．looked at C．put aside D．prepared for 解析：选B　根据下文“my well­prepared materials”以及“Cool! I'll fit you in my curriculum (课程)．”可知，教授仔细地看了作者精心准备的课程教材。 9．A.products B．answers C．tests ` D．lessons 解析：选D　根据下文“fit you in my curriculum (课程)”可知，作者精心准备了课程教材。 10．A.excitement B．sympathy C．forgiveness D．respect 解析：选A　根据上文可知，作者多次被拒绝，但是不放弃得来的教课机会，当作者教完那门课时，激动地哭着走了出去。 11．A.suddenly B．gradually C．barely D．casually 解析：选B　根据上文“I was rejected many times”可知，拒绝多次是一个过程，所以作者渐渐习惯了。 12．A.followed B．challenged C．accepted D．assessed 解析：选C　根据上文“Then I faced it calmly and ultimately got myself ________”可知，作者最终让自己接受了拒绝。 13．A.taught B．helped C．bothered D．understood 解析：选C　根据下文“so at first I ran away from it”可知，拒绝困扰着作者。 14．A.avoiding B．interrupting C．forgetting D．welcoming 解析：选D　根据下文“I could turn it into the biggest________ in my life”可知，作者欣然接受了拒绝。 15．A.gift B．issue C．event D．record 解析：选A　本文作者自身经历了“被拒绝困扰→习惯拒绝→接受拒绝→最终成功”，由此可知，拒绝有利于作者的“个人成长”，因此，作者认为拒绝是他生命中得到的最大的礼物。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$