专题1 第2讲 有提示词之词形转换(Word教师用书)-【创新方案】2025年高考英语二轮复习专题辅导与测试

第二讲　有提示词之词形转换 一、提示词为名词 [典题例析] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)These plants included modern Western __________ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. 定向：分析句子结构可知，favourite在此处为可数名词，表示“特别喜爱的事物”。再根据空后面的such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，特别喜爱的事物不止一种，空处表示复数意义。 变形：favourite的复数形式为favourites。 2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)“He saved my __________ (son) life，” said Mrs. Brown. 定向：分析句子结构可知，此处作定语修饰life，且由句意可知，此处life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应用名词所有格形式。 变形： son的名词所有格形式为son's。 3．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective __________ (function) structure that is also beautiful. 定向：分析句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰名词structure，应用形容词。 变形：function的形容词形式为functional。 4．What impressed me most was that there was a door on the fence, which definitely __________ (strength) our connection. 定向：分析句子结构可知，空处作从句的谓语，应用strength的动词形式，再结合主句的时态用了一般过去时，故此处也应用一般过去时。 变形：strength的动词形式为strengthen，其一般过去时形式为strengthened。 [系统归纳]　名词变形容词 后缀 例词 ­able fashion→fashionable　时髦的 reason→reasonable 有道理的 ­al origin→original　　　最初的 person→personal 个人的；私人的 ­ful hope→hopeful　 　 　有希望的 peace→peaceful 和平的 ­ible horror→horrible　 　 可怕的；恐怖的 terror→terrible 可怕的 ­ous anxiety→anxious　 　忧虑的 caution→cautious 小心的；谨慎的 curiosity→curious 好奇的 ­y health→healthy　　　健康的 wealth→wealthy 富裕的；富有的 ­ern east→eastern　　　　东方的；向东的 ­ish child→childish　 　 　孩子气的 self→selfish 自私的 ­en wool→woolen 　 　　羊毛的；羊毛制的 gold→golden 金色的；美好的 ­less use→useless 　　　　无用的；不行的 hope→hopeless 绝望的；无望的 home→homeless 无家可归的 ­ic strategy→strategic 　战略性的 economy→economic 经济的 二、提示词为代词 [典题例析] 1．(2024·全国甲卷)This area, with __________ (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved for all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. 定向：分析句子结构可知，空处修饰unique and breathtaking natural beauty，作定语，应用形容词性物主代词。 变形：it的形容词性物主代词形式为its。 2．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)As the song goes, this long and winding road “will never disappear”， and it will always stick in the visitor's memory. It sure does in __________ (I)． 定向：分析句子结构可知，此处作介词的宾语，表示in my memory，应填名词性物主代词。 变形：I的名词性物主代词形式为mine。 3．(2021·浙江6月高考)She was extremely pretty, and her house was a reflection of _________ (she), everything in good taste and in perfect order. 定向：分析句子结构并结合句意“她长得非常漂亮，她的房子就是她自己的写照，一切都很高雅，井井有条”可知，空处呼应主语，应用she的反身代词。 变形：she的反身代词是herself。 4．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Nanxiang aside, the best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of __________ (they) contents. 定向：分析句子结构可知，此处是作定语修饰contents，应用形容词性物主代词。 变形：they的形容词性物主代词形式是their。 三、提示词为形容词、副词 [典题例析] 1．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is __________ (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy ... 定向：分析句子结构可知，此处修饰形容词enough，应用副词。 变形：rare是形容词，变为副词时需要加ly。故填rarely。 2．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the ________ (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell­Saint Elias in southern Alaska ... 定向：分析句子结构及句意可知，空前有定冠词the，空后有比较范围，此处修饰United States national park，表示“美国最大的国家公园”，应用形容词最高级。 变形：large的最高级形式是largest。 3．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the __________ (hot) the spring! 定向：分析句子结构及句意可知，根据the colder以及提示词为形容词可知，此处考查固定句型：the＋比较级 ...，the＋比较级 ...。 变形：hot的比较级形式是hotter。 4．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Those cultural elements have increased Stratford's international __________ (visible), said Edmondson ... 定向：分析句子结构可知，空处缺少宾语，故此处应填名词。 变形：visible的名词形式是visibility。 5．I was severely depressed that day, because something______ (happy) had happened to me that morning. 定向：分析句子结构及句意可知，此处修饰something，表示“不开心的事”，故此处应用形容词happy的反义派生词。 变形：happy的反义派生词是unhappy。 [系统归纳]　形容词变名词 后缀 例词 ­age short→shortage　　　不足；短缺 ­cy efficient→efficiency 　 效率；功效 fluent→fluency 流利；流畅 accurate→accuracy 准确性 private→privacy 隐私；私密 ­dom free→freedom　　　　自由；自主 wise→wisdom 明智；智慧 ­ence different→difference 　差异 silent→silence 沉默 ­ness weak→weakness　　　虚弱；弱点 kind→kindness 仁慈；好意 careless→carelessness 粗心大意 ­th strong→strength　　　力气；强项 warm→warmth 温暖；热情 ­y ­ty ­ity honest→honesty　　 　诚实 difficult→difficulty 困难 cruel→cruelty 残酷；残暴 safe→safety 安全 disable→disability 无能；伤残 responsible→responsibility 　 　 责任 四、提示词为动词 (说明：动词不作谓语、非谓语时的思考角度) [典题例析] 1．(2024·全国甲卷)They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the __________ (complete) of their journey. 定向：根据“the ______ of ” 结构可知，此处应用名词。at the completion of ...意为“在……结束时”。 变形：动词complete的名词形式为completion。 2．(2023·全国甲卷)However, Carson's theme is a more weighty __________ (warn) about environmental destruction. 定向：分析句子结构可知，此处是作表语，空前有冠词a和形容词修饰，故填名词。 变形：动词warn的名词形式为warning。 3．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers encasing hot, ______ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. 定向：分析句子结构可知，此处是作定语修饰名词soup。空处与空前的形容词hot并列，应用形容词形式。 变形：动词taste的形容词形式为tasty。 4．___________(give) the astonishing potential of AI to transform our lives, we all need to take action to deal with our AI­powered future. 定向：分析句子结构可知，此处的短语应作状语，结合句意，应使用介词，表示“鉴于；考虑到”。注意句首首字母大写。 变形：应填动词give的介词形式：Given。 5．__________(consider) they didn't get the last result of experiment, the scientists have modified the scientific paper many times. 定向：分析句子结构可知，逗号前后都是“主谓宾”结构的简单句，故此处应用连词连接。句首首字母大写。 变形：应填动词consider的连词形式：Considering。 [系统归纳] 1．动词变形容词 后缀 例词 ­able accept→acceptable　　　可接受的 comfort→comfortable 舒适的 ­ful doubt→doubtful　　　　怀疑的 forget→forgetful 健忘的 ­ed scare→scared　　　　 　感到恐惧的 confuse→confused 感到困惑的 ­ing surprise→surprising　 　令人惊异的 convince→convincing 令人信服的 ­ive attract→attractive　 　　有吸引力的 impress→impressive 给人印象深刻的 ­some tire→tiresome　　　　　令人厌倦的 trouble→troublesome 麻烦的 ­y taste→tasty　　　　　　美味的；可口的 2．动词变名词 后缀 例词 ­ion/­tion/ ­sion/­ation conclude→conclusion结论；结束 admit→admission 接纳；准许加入 expect→expectation 期望；期待 ­er/­or gather→gatherer　　收集者；采集者 conduct→conductor 指挥；售票员 ­ment punish→punishment 惩罚 achieve→achievement 功绩；成就 ­ance/­ence appear→appearance 　出现；外貌 perform→performance 表演；节目 refer→reference 参考；查阅 ­ing hear→hearing　　　　听力；听觉 begin→beginning 开头；开端 ­ure/­ture press→pressure　　　压力 mix→mixture 混合；混合物 ­y recover→recovery　　恢复；痊愈 discover→discovery 发现 其他 choose→choice　　 　选择 vary→variety 多样化；种类 tend→tendency 趋向；趋势 grow→growth 生长；增加 3．动词变介词或连词 give→given prep.　　　　 考虑到；鉴于 provide→provided conj. 如果；假如 include→including prep. 包括……在内 consider→considering prep.& conj. 考虑到；就……而言；鉴于 assume→assuming conj. 假设……为真；假如 concern→concerning prep. 关于；涉及 except→excepting prep. 除……之外 regard→regarding prep. 关于；至于 respect→respecting prep. 关于 follow→following prep. 在(某事)以后；由于 see→seeing conj. 因为；鉴于 fail→failing prep. 如果不能；如果没有 A (2024·深圳二模)In the center of Reykjavik, Iceland, stands a museum __1__ (create) by Lillian Hopps, which symbolizes the friendship between Icelandic and Chinese people. A passionate admirer of Chinese heritage, Lillian began her journey to learn about China in the 1990s, a time __2__ she deeply engaged herself in exploring China's rich culture. Her passion transformed her home into a place filled with Chinese artifacts, which __3__ (eventual) led to the establishment of a museum in Reykjavik. The museum __4__ (house) an extensive collection of cultural relics, from ancient clothing __5__ contemporary art, displaying thousands of years of Chinese civilization. Lillian's work goes beyond just __6__ (exhibit) these items; she brings the culture alive through highly __7__ (interact) activities like tea performances, calligraphy classes, and traditional medicine talks, promoting the Icelandic understanding of China's rich traditions. Lilian's museum, attracting thousands of visitors annually from around the world, __8__ (recognize) by the Icelandic government in 2021 for its impact. As Marta Jonsdottir, a director at Iceland's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, put it in an interview, “Lillian, with her enthusiasm and expertise, has developed diverse cultural __9__ (link) between Iceland and China. Her museum has not just enabled both peoples to better understand each other __10__ strengthened our relations.” 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了Lillian Hopps在冰岛雷克雅未克创建的博物馆促进了冰岛人民对中国传统文化的了解，建立了两国之间的文化联系，巩固了两国的友谊。 1．created　考查非谓语动词。本句的谓语是stands，所以空处应用非谓语动词。逻辑主语a museum和create之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填created。 2．when　考查定语从句。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a time，且空处在从句中作时间状语。故填when。 3．eventually　考查副词。修饰动词led应用副词，故填eventually。 4．houses　考查时态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语。这里陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时。主语The museum为单数，谓语应用单数。故填houses。 5．to　考查介词。from...to...意为“从……到……”，为固定搭配。故填to。 6．exhibiting　考查非谓语动词。空处作介词beyond的宾语应用动名词，故填exhibiting。 7．interactive　考查形容词。空处作定语修饰activities应用形容词，interactive意为“互动的，交互的”符合句意。故填interactive。 8．was recognized　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。空处作句子的谓语。根据句中的“in 2021”可知，这里是过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。主语Lilian's museum和recognize之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态，且主语为单数，be动词应用was。故填was recognized。 9．links　考查名词复数。link意为“联系”，为可数名词。前面有diverse修饰，这里应用名词复数。故填links。 10．but　考查连词。not just ...but ...意为“不仅……而且……”，为固定搭配。故填but。 B (2024·辽宁重点高中协作校4月模拟)Porcelain (瓷器) is a material made from well­chosen porcelain clay through a series of technological __1__ (process) like mixing, molding, drying and firing. Although porcelain developed from pottery, it is superior in both practical __2__ artistic terms. Perhaps that is __3__ it gradually replaced pottery in history. The__4__ (early) porcelain, commonly called “primitive porcelain”， appeared during the Shang Dynasty. But the first porcelain in real sense was not produced until the Eastern Han Dynasty. Later with the processing techniques __5__ (mature) all the way, famous kilns (窑), including what are known as the “Five Great Kilns”， emerge __6__ quantity during the Song Dynasty. In the Yuan Dynasty, Jingdezhen, the Capital of Porcelain, produced blue and white porcelain which later became the __7__ (represent) of porcelain. Porcelain of the Qing Dynasty is classical, graceful, delicate and splendid, thus becoming superb goods popular at home and abroad. Porcelain is the creative fruit of__8__ working people of ancient China. Since the Han and Tang Dynasties, porcelain __9__ (export) worldwide: It promotes economic and cultural exchange between China and the outside world, and __10__ (dramatic) influences the traditional culture and lifestyle of people from other countries. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了瓷器的发展历史、制作工艺以及其在中国和世界经济文化交流中的重要性。 1．processes　考查名词。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，process意为“过程”，为可数名词，根据a series of可知，用复数形式。故填processes。 2．and　考查连词。此处是固定搭配：both ...and ...意为“……和……都”。故填and。 3．why　考查表语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句句意完整，用连接副词引导，根据句意，表达“……的原因”之意，用why引导。故填why。 4．earliest　考查形容词。空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语。空前有定冠词the修饰且根据句意，此处应用最高级。故填earliest。 5．maturing　考查非谓语动词。此处是with引导的复合结构，processing techniques和mature之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词形式。故填maturing。 6．in　考查介词。此处是固定搭配：in quantity意为“大量地”。故填in。 7．representative　考查名词。空前是定冠词，所以空处应填名词作表语，represent的名词形式是representative，意为“代表”，此处为瓷器的代表，用单数形式。故填representative。 8．the　考查冠词。此处特指“中国古代劳动人民”，空处应用定冠词。故填the。 9．has been exported　考查动词的时态，语态和主谓一致。export作本句谓语，和主语porcelain之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，根据标志词since可知，用现在完成时，主语porcelain为第三人称单数。故填has been exported。 10．dramatically　考查副词。空处修饰空后的动词，用副词形式。故填dramatically。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$