专题1 第3讲 无提示词类语法填空(课件PPT)-【创新方案】2025年高考英语二轮复习专题辅导与测试

第三讲　无提示词类语法填空 2 目录 一、填冠词、介词或代词 二、填并列连词及状语从句的从属连词 三、填名词性从句的连接词及定语从句的关系词 3 填冠词、介词或代词 一、 [考法全训] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse walks visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for first time. 解析：序数词表示“第几”时，其前常用定冠词。for the first time是固定搭配，意为“第一次”。 the 2．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)The meat should be fresh with touch of sweetness, and the surrounding soup hot, clear and delicious. 解析：名词touch前没有限定词，应用冠词。a touch of “少许，微量”，是固定搭配。 a 3．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Not the pandas, even though ______ language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. 解析：空后为可数名词单数language，应使用冠词起限定作用。根据language后的“used for the medical training instructions”可知，此处表特指，故填定冠词the。 the 4．(2022·全国甲卷) friend of his, Wu Fan, volunteered to be his companion during the trip. 解析：名词friend前没有限定词，应用冠词。结合句意可知，此处指“他的一个朋友”，属于泛指，故应用不定冠词。friend的发音以辅音音素开头，故应用不定冠词a。空处位于句首，首字母应该大写，故填A。 A 5．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷) Brown family live in an apartment building outside Toronto. 解析：设空处要填冠词与Brown family 构成名词短语作主语。the＋姓氏，意为“某某一家人”。同时该单词位于句首，首字母应该大写，故填The。 The 6．It was a pity that Jimmy didn't win first prize in the English competition, but it was really unusual experience. 解析：此处泛指一次不同寻常的经历，应用不定冠词，unusual的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。 an [易错提醒] 1．以元音字母开头的单词前用a的特殊词：university, uniform, European, unit, useful, usual, unique等。 2．以辅音字母开头的单词前用an的特殊词：hour, honour, honest等。 3．固定搭配中的冠词：in the charge of, as a result等。 4．a/an加序数词表示“另一，又一”，如 a second chance意为“又一个机会”。 [考法全训] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅰ卷)The Glasshouse stands a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ... 解析：根据句意可知，玻璃温室是当代设计的一项伟大成就，The Glasshouse是“作为”一项成就而存在，故填介词as。 as 2．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)I happen to know that Tang's play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways _______ Romeo and Juliet. 解析：be similar to为固定搭配，意为“与……相似”；in some ways在that引导的宾语从句中作状语，把similar和to分割开来。 to 3．(2024·全国甲卷)They wondered out loud. This area，with its unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved _____ all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. 解析：此处表示必须被妥善保护以供全国人民欣赏。结合句意可知，这里表示“为了”，故用介词for。 for 4．(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)There, you'll find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup — and the wrappers are pressed ______ hand rather than rolled. 解析：by hand“用手工”，是固定搭配。故填by。 by 5．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the arrival of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and confident speaking English.And who do they speak English _________？ 解析：根据语境可知，此处的意思是“他们和谁说英语呢”。故填to/with。 to/with 6．(2023·全国甲卷)She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility ______ saving their environment. 解析：take responsibility for “对……负责”，是固定短语。 for 7．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Giant pandas also serve _____ an umbrella species (物种), bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China. 解析：serve as是固定搭配，意为“充当；担任”。 as [解题方略] 1．填介词的三种模式 (1)“ ＋名词/动名词/what从句”模式，且名词或动名词不作主语、表语，也不作动词的宾语，此时要考虑填介词。 (2)“动词＋ ”模式，大多数情况下需要填介词。介词与动词构成的常考短语： answer for　　　 对……负责 stare at 凝视，盯着看 consist of 由……组成 result in 导致 pay off 还清；取得成功 calm down (使)平静；(使)镇定 carry out 实行；进行 contribute to 贡献；有助于；促成 call for 需要 (3)固定搭配模式。常用的介词短语要熟记，如：according to, because of, instead of, up to, due to, owing to, thanks to, but for等。 2．介词基本用法 (1)方位介词：at, in, on, to, above, across, along, among, around, below, beside, between, down, near, off, over, through, towards, under, up等。 (2)时间介词：after, at, before, by, during, for, from, in, on, over, since, through, till, until, within, between等。 (3)表示工具、手段、方式的介词：by, on, over, with, in等。 (4)表示原因的介词：with, for, from, of, over等。 (5)表示支持、反对的介词：for, against等。 (6)表示 “除……之外”的介词(短语)：besides, except, except for, but, apart from等。 (7)表示有或没有的介词：with, without等。 (8)其他常用的介词：like, unlike, next, considering, opposite，including, regarding，concerning等。 [考法全训] 1．Running is cheap, easy and it's always energetic. If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give a try. 解析：结合句意可知，此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”，故填代词it，指代上文的Running。 it 2．Terri Bolton is a dab hand when comes to DIY (do-it-yourself)． 解析：此处考查when it comes to ...“当谈到……”句型，故填it。 it 3． is recently reported that the number of those sticking to a traditional diet is slowly declining and around half of Britain's consumers would like to change or improve their cooking in some way. 解析：此处考查It is reported that ...“据报道……”句型，空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填It。 It 4．Sometimes, we take for granted that everything has to be perfect for us and we expect high quality products and service. 解析：句中take it for granted that ...为固定搭配，意为“认为……是理所当然的”。该结构中it作形式宾语，故填it。 it [解题方略] 语法填空考查代词有两种方式：有提示词类和无提示词类。人称代词及物主代词多以有提示词的形式出现，已经在前面讲到。无提示词类主要考查it的用法。 1．it作形式主语或形式宾语；指代上文提到过的事物。 2．it用于固定句型(如：强调句，it is/was＋adj.＋to do sth.等)或固定搭配(如：make it, get it等)。 填并列连词及状语从句的从属连词 二、 [考法全训] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language see how Tang's play was being performed. 解析：空前的to hear ...和空后的see ...为并列的不定式短语(see前省略了to)，故填并列连词and。 and 2．(2024·浙江1月高考)Either your shopping is then too heavy to carry home you can't use what you've bought while it's still fresh. 解析：either...or...意为“要么……要么……”，为固定搭配，所以此处应用连词or。 or 3．(2023·全国乙卷)It is a distinct visual contrast (反差) that shouldn't work, somehow these two very different worlds make a good combination. 解析：由句意可知，前后分句之间是转折关系，故填but/yet。 but/yet 4．(2023·浙江1月高考) During China's dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing arranged the residential areas according to social classes. 解析：根据语境可知，planned the city of Beijing和arranged the residential areas是并列关系，故填and。 and 5．(2022·全国乙卷)The “First International Tea Day Tea Road Cooperative Initiative” issued (发布) at the ceremony calls for people working in the tea industry to come together to promote international cooperation cultural exchanges. 解析：由句意可知，international cooperation和cultural exchanges是并列关系，故填and。 and 6．(2021·全国甲卷)We hired our bikes from the rental place at the South Gate. My bike was old and shaky did the job. 解析：结合句中“我的单车又旧又摇晃”与“能顶用，起作用”是转折关系，故填but。   but [解题方略] 运用逻辑关系分析法确定并列连词 1．并列关系：and/as well as; both ... and ...; not only ... but also ...等 2．选择关系：or/otherwise; either ... or; not ... but ...; neither ... nor 3．转折关系：but/yet, however 4．因果关系：for, so, thus, therefore 5．对比关系：while [考法全训] 1. he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导时间状语从句。结合句意可知，在句中表示“当……时”，可填When/As。 When/As 2．If they fail a swimming test at the beginning of their university course, they won't receive their degree they can pass the test successfully. 解析：分析句子结构及语境可知，这里是not ...until ...“直到……才……”引导的时间状语从句。故填until。 until 3． our flight had landed in Milan, we got on our coach and drove for a couple of hours towards our home for the week, the Hotel San Zeno, a comfortable, family-run accommodation, with a splendid view of Lake Garda. 解析：分析句子语境可知，作者到了米兰之后，又上了一辆长途大巴车。所以本句为After引导的时间状语从句。 After 4．The mother held the baby in her front paws much the way a human does. it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats. 解析：由语境可知，当/如果幼崽哭时，它的妈妈便来回摇晃它，并轻轻拍它，安抚它。由此可知，设空处可用when引导时间状语从句，或由if引导条件状语从句。故填When/If。 When/If [解题方略] 依据主从句的逻辑关系确定状语从句的从属连词 1．如果引导时间状语从句，则考虑填while/when/as/since/before/after/until。 2．如果引导条件状语从句，则考虑填if/unless/once。 3．如果引导让步状语从句，则考虑while/as/although/though/whatever/whoever/however。 4．如果引导地点状语从句，则考虑填where/wherever。 5．如果引导原因状语从句，则考虑填because/since/as。 6．如果引导结果或目的状语从句，且句中有so或such，则考虑填that。 7．如果引导比较状语从句，则考虑填than或确认是否某种句式结构(如：as ... as, not the same as, not so ... as)。 三、 填名词性从句的连接词及定语从句的关系词 [考法全训] 1．(2024·全国甲卷)On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in ________ is now northwestern Wyoming. 解析：此处指四个人在现在的怀俄明州西北部的火洞河边的营火前放松。结合句意并分析句子结构可知，这里需要填入一个连接代词来引导宾语从句作介词in的宾语，且连接代词在从句中作主语，故填what。 what 2．(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give interviews in English with international journalists. This is they need an English trainer. 解析：根据句意“他们还需要随时准备好接受国际记者的英文采访。这就是为什么他们需要一个英语培训师”可知，此处考查固定句型“This is why ...”，故填why。 why 3．(2022·浙江1月高考)Cobb, for her part, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak she could do so remotely; about three-quarters of the time, they agreed. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，作ask的宾语，从句不缺少成分，再根据本句末的 they agreed可知，Cobb询问会议举办方她是否能远程演讲，因此填 whether/if。 whether/if 4．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles' song “The Long and Winding Road”. is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句。空处在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西或事物”，且位于句首，故填What。 What 5．An increasing number of learners are buying online courses in the belief they are much convenient and cheaper. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导的同位语从句，是对前面抽象名词belief的解释说明，从句中不缺任何成分，故填that。 that [解题方略] 依据句子成分和句意确定名词性从句的连接词 1．分析句子成分 (1)若从句结构完整，可能填that, if(只能引导宾语从句)或whether。 (2)若从句缺少主语、宾语或表语等，则考虑填连接代词(what, which, who, whom, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever)。 (3)若从句缺少状语，则考虑填连接副词(where, when, why, how等)。 2．结合句意和连接词的意思解题 解题时应在正确理解句意的前提下，结合连接词的意思确定答案： 连词 意义 that (无词义) if/whether 是否 who/whom 谁 续表 whoever 无论谁 what 什么，所……的，……的样子 whatever 无论什么 which 哪一个 because 因为 why 为什么 [考法全训] 1．(2024·新高考Ⅱ卷)Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia，” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare's hometown. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，空处指代先行词Tang Xianzu，故填关系代词who。 who 2．(2024·全国甲卷)Yellowstone was the largest United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 解析：空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Wrangell-Saint Elias指物，且空处在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。 which 3．(2023·全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life，with 21st-century architectural wonders standing side by side with historical buildings of the past. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为place，故填that/which。 that/which 4．(2023·全国甲卷)Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, ______ Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow.” 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，从句缺少宾语，且先行词是前面的整个主句，此处表示“正如”，故填as。 as 5．(2023·全国甲卷)There was once a town in the heart of America _______ all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings... 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是表示地点的名词，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where。 where 6．(2022·浙江1月高考)Kim Cobb, a professor at the Georgia Institute of Technology in Atlanta, is one of a small but growing minority of academics are cutting back on their air travel because of climate change. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，且在从句中作主语，先行词为指代人的academics，故填who/that。 who/that 7．We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true. 解析：分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词为an age，空处在定语从句中充当时间状语，故用关系副词when。 when [解题方略] 两步确定定语从句的关系词 第一步：先定考向 若设空处无提示词，所在句为主从复合句且空处引导的从句与空前部分为修饰与被修饰的关系，或者空处所在句与主句之间有逗号隔开且二者之间存在解释说明关系，这时就要考虑填定语从句的关系词。 第二步：再依据先行词和句法功能确定关系词 1．如果从句中缺少主语、宾语、表语，应用关系代词that(指人或物)、which(指物)、who/whom(指人)；如果先行词与从句中的名词为所属关系，应用关系代词 whose(指人或物)。 2．如果从句中缺少时间、地点或原因状语，应用关系副词when、where、why。 3．如果设空处前有介词的话，则考查“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句。所修饰的先行词是人，就用whom；所修饰的先行词是物，就用which。 A (2024·张家口三模)Large cloisonné (Jingtailan in Chinese) vases, striking plates and other colorful pieces 1 (display) in Beijing Gongmei Group's arts-and-crafts factory's studio near Yonghegong in the capital attract a lot of visitors. Gaze upon these long enough, and you will be surprised by the 2 (diverse) of distinctive Chinese patterns traced by countless thin golden wires. “It's said that there are 108 steps in 3 process of producing cloisonné goods，” says Zhang Yongzhen, the factory's director, 4 has practiced the craft for four decades. “The traditional handicraft is very complicated. No one can finish the process 5 (complete) by himself or herself. It's a delicate art that takes dedication to every small step.” The fundamentals of making cloisonne include 6 (shape) the object's body; bending and inlaying copper (铜) wires 7 (present) surface patterns; coloring these wires; heating and finally, polishing and gilding (镀金)． The technique was introduced 8 China in the late 13th century. It's believed that cloisonné reached its peak and 9 (give) its present Chinese name during Emperor Jingtai in the Ming Dynasty. Lan means blue in Chinese. The craft was 10 (far) developed in the Qing Dynasty, following innovations in copper-smelting techniques. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章通过北京工美展厅的景泰蓝作品，介绍了景泰蓝的特点、工艺及其历史发展。 1．displayed　考查非谓语动词。本句谓语动词为attract，空前的主语与display在逻辑上是被动关系，所以设空处用过去分词短语作后置定语。 2．diversity　考查名词。根据空前的定冠词“the”可知，此处应用名词形式作宾语。 3．the　考查冠词。空后的of producing cloisonné goods对process进行限定，所以此处表示特指，应使用定冠词。 4．who　考查定语从句。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词指人，作主语，故填who。 5．completely　考查副词。此处为副词作状语修饰finish。 6．shaping　考查非谓语动词。此处动名词作include的宾语，并与后面的动名词(短语)等并列。 7．to present　考查非谓语动词。句意：制作景泰蓝的基本原理包括塑造物体的身体，弯曲和镶嵌铜线来呈现表面图案，上色，加热，最后抛光镀金。此处为不定式短语作目的状语。 8．to　考查介词。be introduced to意为“引进”，为固定搭配。 9．was given　考查时态、语态和主谓一致。It作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，从句中cloisonné是主语，reached和设空处为并列的谓语，cloisonné和动词give之间为被动关系，且根据“reached”可知，此处要用一般过去时的被动语态。 10．further　考查副词比较级。根据语境可知，此处表示进一步的发展，应该用副词的比较级作状语。 B (2024·武汉三模)For Chinese communities in Australia, Mid-Autumn Festival celebration is 1 important part of their life. Wayne Wong, as one of the new 2 (arrive) from China, is proud of his Chinese heritage. While 3 (get) used to the life in Australia, Wong and his wife still maintain their Chinese culture and heritage. Mid-Autumn Festival and Lunar New Year are as important to them in Australia as they 4 (be) in China, and will continue to be so. This year, their modest home were decorated with pink cherry blossoms, 5 Wong said could bring good luck. 6 many Australians of Chinese descent, he celebrated Mid-Autumn Festival by having dinner with friends and eating mooncakes. For Chinese Australians, Mid-Autumn Festival keeps them 7 (connect) to their heritage and culture, said Mark Wang, CEO of the Museum of Chinese Australian History in Melbourne. His 8 (mother) ancestors arrived in Australia from China in the 1830s, just before the Gold Rush which saw thousands of Chinese 9 (make) the journey to the gold fields in eastern Australia in the 1850s and 1860s. “ 10 you are a first-generation immigrant or Australian born Chinese, it is important to keep that traditional festival, our cultural connection，” Wang said. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚华裔对中国传统节日习俗的坚持。 1．an　考查冠词。此处表示泛指，且important的发音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。 2．arrivals　考查名词。此处指来到澳大利亚的人，前面有one of修饰，需用名词复数。故填arrivals。 3．getting　考查非谓语动词。get used to与后面的句子主语Wong and his wife之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填getting。 4．were　考查时态。空处作谓语，此处指他们以前在国内的时候，应用一般过去时。故填were。 5．which　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词代替先行词(cherry blossoms)在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。 6．Like　考查介词。此处表示他们和许多澳大利亚华裔一样，应用介词表示“像……一样”且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Like。 7．connected　考查非谓语动词。设空处为非谓语动词，connect和宾语them之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填connected。 8．mother's　考查名词所有格。此处指他妈妈的祖先们，应用名词所有格mother's。 9．make　考查非谓语动词。此处是非谓语动词作宾语补足语，see sb. do sth.表示“看见某人做了某事”是固定搭配。故填make。 10．Whether　考查连词。“Whether ... or ...”表示“无论是……还是……”，此处表示“无论你是第一代移民还是在澳大利亚出生的华人”，且空处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Whether。 C (2024·江西宜春一模)After the Lantern Festival, the 1 (follow) joyous celebration in China's traditional festival calendar is the Huazhao Festival, a traditional flower festival. With a history of over 2,000 years, the Huazhao Festival is held in celebration of the flower goddess' birthday.Since the climate 2 (vary) in different parts of China, people hold celebrations on the second, twelfth, 3 fifteenth day of February in the Chinese lunar calendar. According to ancient beliefs, the flower goddess controlled the reproduction of mankind.Due to the primitive lifestyle and agriculture-dominated economy, people held that the more members a family had, the 4 (merry)．Thus, it later became a custom to celebrate the birthday of the flower goddess for 5 (happy)． Once as significant as the Lantern Festival and Mid-autumn Festival, the Huazhao Festival has gone through stages of thriving (兴旺), declining and restoring.Nowadays 6 increasing number of people in various parts of China have begun to celebrate this flower festival again.Some of them, 7 (dress) in hanfu, a type of traditional Chinese clothing, perform a series of activities.Here is a list of relevant customs as 8 (inspire) for you to spend the Huazhao Festival: praying 9 the flower goddess; having a spring outing; fastening pieces of red cloth to flowers; picking wild vegetables believed 10 (have) the function of promoting health; going to fairs, etc. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国传统节日——花朝节。 1．following　考查词性转换。根据句意和后文joyous celebration可知，此处应用其现在分词转化的形容词following “(时间上)接着的，后面的”作定语。故填following。 2．varies　考查时态和主谓一致。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语the climate为单数。故填 varies。 3．or　考查连词。后文fifteenth和前文second, twelfth之间是选择关系，用连词or“或”连接。故填or。 4．merrier　考查形容词比较级。“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……，就越……”，是固定句型。故填merrier。 5．happiness　考查词性转换。介词for后应用名词happiness(不可数)作宾语。故填happiness。 6．an　考查冠词。a number of“许多”是固定短语，空后的单词increasing的发音以元音音素开头。故填an。 7．dressed　考查非谓语动词。句中谓语为perform，此处应用非谓语动词。动词dress和前文them之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作后置定语。故填dressed。 8．inspiration　考查词性转换。介词as后应用名词作宾语。故填inspiration。 9．to　考查介词。pray to“向……祈祷”，是固定搭配。故填to。 10．to have　考查非谓语动词。(be) believed to do sth.“被认为做某事”是固定句式，句中believed为过去分词作后置定语。故填to have。 本课结束 $$