专题04 阅读理解之猜测词义题（课件）-【上好课】2025年高考英语二轮复习讲练测（新高考通用）

2025高考复习 04 阅读理解 之猜测词义题 2025年高考二轮复习讲练测 专 题 目录 CONTENTS 01 考情透视·目标导航 02 知识导图·思维引航 03 考点突破·考向探究 04 拓展提升·新题精练 六大考向，真题研析+核心精讲+命题预测 紧扣新风向，设题新语境，聚焦重难点 01 考情透视·目标导航 考点 目标要求 年份 卷别 考题统计 猜测词义 根据文章中的线索推测未知词义的能力 2024 新高考I卷 28 新高考II卷 32 全国甲卷 26 浙江卷1月 24 考情透视·目标导航 4 考点 目标要求 年份 卷别 考题统计 猜测词义 根据文章中的线索推测未知词义的能力 2023 新高考I卷 29 新高考II卷 30 全国甲卷 24 全国乙卷 34 浙江卷1月 24、29 考情透视·目标导航 5 考点 目标要求 年份 卷别 考题统计 猜测词义 根据文章中的线索推测未知词义的能力 2022 新高考I卷 30 新高考II卷 24、30 全国甲卷 28 全国乙卷 29 考情透视·目标导航 6 分析近三年新高考卷及全国卷考查词义猜词的题目可知，对短语的考查与对生词的考查都有所涉及，短语已经不再限制于由课标词组成的短语了，出现了非课标词。无论是直接的词义猜测题，还是阅读篇章中需要理解的生词，都可运用逻辑关系、上下文、生活常识、文化背景、构词法等来猜测其含义。猜测词义题：要求考生能够对文章中的某个生词、熟词(熟词生义)、短语或句子进行理解并选出准确的意思，或者确定原文中某个代词的指代含义。 考情透视·目标导航 7 命题分析：上下文中涉及的派生词、合成词难度加大突出对考生灵活运用语言的能力的考查；这对考生的语言运用能力提出了更高的要求。 考查形式：常见题目类型包括代词指代题、单词或短语猜测题、句意猜测题。 考情透视·目标导航 8 02 知识导图·思维引航 知识导图·思维引航 10 03 考点突破·考向探究 考点一 考查猜测单词题 【典例】(2025•浙江新高考卷·阅读理解C篇节选) A novel design approach to gardening has been gaining in popularity worldwide. Referred to as matrix planting, this approach aims for nature to do a lot more of the heavy lifting in the garden, and even some of the designing. Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does. 28. What does the underlined word “Eschewing” in the first paragraph mean? A. Running out of. B. Keeping away from. C. Putting up with. D. Taking advantage of. 考查词义猜测题 根据画线词所在句的下文“ Eschewing fertilizers(化肥) and power tools, it’s based on an elegantly simple principle: to garden more like nature does.它避开了化肥和电动工具，它基于一个优雅而简单的原则：更像自然一样种植花园。”可知,这种方法是像自然一样种植花园。也就是说，用自然生长的模式种植花园。当然就不用化肥和电动工具。由此推知,画线词所在句意为“避开，远离”,因此画线词的含义为“远离”。故选B。 B 考点突破·考法探究 13 如何猜测单词的意思 （1）常见的设问方式： ①What do the underlined words “......” mean in paragraph 7? ②What does “......” underlined in paragraph 3 refer to? ③ The word "......" in paragraph 2 means _________? ④What do the underlined words “......” probably mean? 考点突破·考法探究 14 ①“ ”猜词义：根据上下文语境暗示，如下定义、举例、重述等线索，猜测生词含义。 ②“ ”猜词义：利用日常生活和文化背景相关的常识可以准确猜测句中生词的含义。 ③“ ”猜词义：利用3种逻辑关系词前后 的词语确定画线词含义。 上下文语境 我是解题小能手 背景常识 逻辑关系 考点突破·考法探究 15 考点二 考查猜测短语的含义题 【典例】(2024新课标I卷第28题)When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding. The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks – like identifying the main idea in a reading passage – to ones that require mental abstraction – such as drawing inferences from a text. 28. What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean? A. Seem unlikely to last. B. Seem hard to explain. C. Become ready to use. D. Become easy to notice. 词句猜测题 根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen. A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。 D 考点突破·考法探究 17 如何猜测短语的含义 （1）常见的设问方式： ①What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 2? ②Which of the following best explains “......” underlined in paragraph 2? ③What do the underlined phrase “......” mean in paragraph 3? ④What do the underlined phrase "......" refer to in the last paragraph? （2）解题技巧： 猜测短语题要利用出现短语的上文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述来猜测它的意思或利用文章中所出现的与短语意思相反的内容来猜测其语意。 考点突破·考法探究 18 考点三 考查猜测句子的含义题 【典例】(2019•浙江卷·阅读理解C篇) Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day. But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month, a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read, "Give What You Can, Take What You Need." People quickly caught on. And while many took dollars, many others pinned their own cash to the board. “People of all ages, races, and socio-economic(社会经济的)backgrounds gave and took, ”said Tyler Bridges of The Toolbox, which created the project. "We even had a bride in her wedding dress come up to the board and take a few dollars." Most of the bills on the board were singles, but a few people left fives, tens and even twenties. The video clip(片段)shows one man who had found a $ 20 bill pinning it to the board. “What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles,” Bridges said. “There’s a certain feeling that giving can do for you and that was apparent in those that gave the most." Most people who took dollars took only a few, but Bridges said a very small number took as much as they could. While the clip might look like part of a new ad campaign, Bridges said the only goal was to show generosity and sympathy. He added that he hopes people in other cities might try similar projects and post their own videos on the Internet. “After all, everyone has bad days and good days," he said. “Some days you need a helping hand and some days you can be the one giving the helping hand.” 考点突破·考法探究 20 【典例】(2019•浙江卷·阅读理解C篇) 24. What does the expression "money with no strings attached" in paragraph 1 mean? A. Money spent without hesitation. B. Money not legally made. C. Money offered without conditions. D. Money not tied together. 考查猜测句子的含义 【文章大意】文章介绍了Tyler Bridges 所发动的一个项目，让有善心的人捐助钱财，让需要的人自取钱财，而这个项目的宗旨就在于让人们能够互相帮助。 【解析】句意理解题。根据下文的故事并结合第一段板上写的言语“Give what you can. Take what you need”可知，这里的钱是可以随意拿取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C。 C 考点突破·考法探究 21 如何猜测句子的意思 （1）常见的设问方式： ①The underlined part "......" in Para. 2 probably means __________. ②By saying “......” in Para. 2, the author means _______. ③What do the words “......” in paragraph 1 probably mean? ④What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean? （2）解题技巧 句意理解题通常需要考生理解的是一个具有概括性的句子或是考查考生对谚语、格言警句等的理解，要求考生通过上下文的情景暗示及文章的主题思想来判断句意，只有紧密结合语境，才能既理解相应的字面意思，也理解相应的深层含义。 考点突破·考法探究 22 如何猜测句子的意思 考点突破·考法探究 23 考点四 考查猜测代词的含义题 【典例】(2020•新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C•节选) In the mid-1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that．Hence this book, Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea. It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers. 考点突破·考法探究 25 【典例】(2020•新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C•节选) 9．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A．Developing a serious mental disease. B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 考查猜测代词词义 代词that常用来指代上文提到的事情，因此推断此处that指代第一段的内容，再根据Hence this book, Chasing the Sea：Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia可知，这本书出现了，因此可以判断“that”指代第一段提到的to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea, Mr Bissell的本意是写一篇文章，结果却写成了一本书。故选D。 D 考点突破·考法探究 26 如何猜测代词的意思 代词指代题——“就近原则”猜代词 在文章中，为了避免语意的重复和啰嗦，常用一些代词指代上文所说的人或事。在平时的学习中，熟悉代词的含义十分重要。在文章的具体语境中常出现的代词有it、this、that、he、them、they、one、those等。一般来讲，it/this/that指代一件事；it/he/them/they/one/those可指代前面内容提到的人或事。 （1） 猜测代词意思的设问方式 ①What does “this” refer to in the second paragraph? ②What does the underlined “those” in paragraph 3 refer to? ③What does “That” underlined in paragraph 5 probably mean? 考点突破·考法探究 27 解题方法 考点突破·考法探究 28 2025高考复习 2025年高考二轮复习讲练测 谢谢 聆听 $$