必修第三册 Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world（课件PPT）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（译林版 湘苏皖）

Unit 4 Scientists who changed the world 基础知识排查 核心考点突破 写作能力提升 基 础 知识排查 3 1 2 3 4 malaria n.疟疾 extract n.提取物；选录 vt.提取；选录；取出；设法得到 penicillin n.青霉素，盘尼西林 mould(AmE mold) n.霉菌；模具；类型 vt.浇铸；塑造 bacteria n.(sing.bacterium)细菌 速记——词汇句型背诵 Ⅰ.认阅读单词 5 lightning n.闪电 ribbon n.带子，丝带；带状物 atomic adj.原子能的；原子的 evil n.罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的；恶魔的 intellectual adj.脑力的；有才智的，智力发达的 n.知识分子，脑力劳动者 mystery n.神秘，神秘的人(或事物)；悬疑作品 evolution n.进化；演变，发展 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 Ⅱ.记重点单词 republic n.共和国，共和政体 deadly adj.致命的；十足的，彻底的 province n.省，省份 herb n.药草，香草；草本 experiment n.实验，试验；尝试，实践 vi.做试验，进行实验；尝试 trial n.试用，试验；审讯，审判；考验 vi.& vt.测试，试验 6 household adj.家庭的，家用的，家务的 n.一家人，家庭 postpone vt.延迟，延期 sufficient adj.足够的，充足的 data n.数据，资料，材料 error n.错误，差错 wisdom n.智慧，知识，学问；才智；明智 conduct vt.& vi.组织，实施；指挥；引导；举止 electricity n.电，电能 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 theory n.学说，论；原理；看法，意见 thunderstorm n.雷雨，雷暴 metal n.金属 charge vt.& vi.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使…… 承担责任；使充满 n.收费；控告；谴责；掌管 electric adj.电的，发电的，电动的 standout adj.突出的 n.突出的人(或物) 15 16 17 18 19 20 bomb n.炸弹；核武器 vt.轰炸 credit n.赞扬，认可；信用 vt.存入金额；把……归于 negate vt.取消，使无效；否认，否定 authority n.权威，权力；官方 declare vt.表明，宣称；公布，宣布；申报 publish vt.出版，发行；发表；公布 21 22 23 24 25 26 1 2 survival n.生存，存活；残存物，幸存事物 →survive vi.& vt.生存；幸存，幸免于难 →survivor n.幸存者 broad adj.广泛的；宽阔的，广阔的；概括的；开 阔的 →broadly adv.广泛地 →broaden vt.变宽，扩大……的范围 Ⅲ.知拓展单词 intend vi.& vt.想要，计划；意指 →intention n.目的；意图；打算 limited adj.有限的 →limit n.& vt.限制 →limitation n.限制；局限；极限 container n.容器；集装箱，货柜 →contain vt.包含 3 4 5 beneficial adj.有益的，有用的 →benefit n.益处 vt.对……有益处 vi.得益于 illustrate vt.说明，解释；加插图于 →illustration n.图解，图示 surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 →surrounding adj.周围的 →surroundings n.周围的环境 6 7 8 indicate vt.表明；暗示；提及；指出 →indication n.表明；暗示 accident n.意外，偶然的事；事故，意外遭遇 →accidental adj.意外的；偶然的 intelligent adj.有才智的，聪明的；有智力的 →intelligence n.才智 9 11 10 favour(AmE favor) vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 n.帮 助，好事；赞同；偏袒 →favourable adj.赞同的，支持的；有利的 →favourite adj.最喜爱的 politician n.政治家，从政者；投机钻营者 →politics n.政治(学) →political adj.政治的 12 13 involve vt.包含；牵涉，影响；(使)参加 →involved adj.有关的；卷入的；复杂的 scientific adj.科学的，关于科学的；细致严谨的 →science n.科学 →scientist n.科学家 moral adj.道德的；道义上的；品行端正的 n.品 行，道德；寓意 →immoral adj.不道德的 14 15 16 apply vt. & vi. 应用；申请；涂；有关 →application n.应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，敷用 →applicant n.申请人 ignorance n.无知 →ignorant adj.不了解的，无知的；无礼的 →ignore vt.忽视；不理睬 freedom n.自由 →free adj.自由的；免费的 →freely adv.自由地 17 18 19 permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.许可证 →permission n.允许，许可 responsibility n.责任，负责；职责，义务 →responsible adj.负责的 nationality n.国籍；民族 →national adj.国家的；全国的；民族的 →nation n.国家；民族 marriage n.结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 →marry v.结婚 20 21 22 23 excessive adj.过多的 expose vt.揭露；暴露 extraordinary adj.非凡的；卓越的 extravagant adj.奢侈的；过度的 eyewitness n.目击证人 1 2 3 4 5 [词汇助力] 高频词汇 farewell n.告别 ferry n.渡船；渡口 fierce adj.猛烈的；凶猛的 flee v.逃走；逃跑 flourish v.生长茂盛 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 refer to 查阅，参考；提到，谈及 speed up (使)加速 pay off 成功，奏效，达到目的 through trial and error 反复试验 by accident 偶然，意外地 with a bang 很成功；引人注目，有强烈影响 let sb down 使某人失望 Ⅳ.背核心短语 as to 关于，至于 take it for granted 想当然地认为，认为……是理所当然 put forward 提出，提议，建议 make a difference 有影响，起作用 thanks to 由于；幸亏 far from the truth 根本不是事实 work out 计算出；理解 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Tu Youyou has become the first female scientist of the People’s Republic of China to receive a Nobel Prize，awarded for her contribution to the fight against malaria，one of the deadliest diseases in human history.(动词不定式作后置定语) 屠呦呦成为中华人民共和国首位获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家。她获奖是因为她为抗击疟疾所做出的贡献——疟疾是人类历史上最致命的疾病之一。 1 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 Inspired by an over 1,600-year-old text about preparing qinghao extract with cold water，Tu redesigned the experiments and tried extracting the herb at a low temperature in order not to damage its effective part.(过去分词短语作状语) 在一本1 600多年前的典籍中，关于用冷水制备青蒿提取物的记载给了屠呦呦启发，她重新设计了试验，并尝试在低温下对这种草药进行提取，以不损害其有效成分。 2 However，it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu，after many failed experiments.(It was not until...that...强调句型) 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才在多次试验失败之后发现了青蒿素。 Without her broad knowledge of both traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine，Tu might never have discovered qinghaosu. (含蓄虚拟条件句) 如果没有她丰富的中西医知识，屠呦呦可能永远也不会发现青蒿素。 3 4 Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know.(it作形式宾语) 如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 5 填词——语境词汇串记 请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 refer to，beneficial，limited，pay off，intend Once upon a time，there was a man who was admired by most people for his great scientific achievements.Since he was young，he had been interested in traditional Chinese medicine,1. to be a famous doctor.But because of poverty，he dropped out of school.He didn’t give up though.He continued to learn by himself. intending Once some people in his village developed a deadly disease.To cure them，he 2. many books and eventually some herbs saved them. Their survival encouraged him so greatly that he began to do more scientific experiments，exploring a broader world.At that time equipment was 3. and he couldn’t get sufficient data，but he overcame these difficulties.A few years later，his efforts 4. ！He wrote a nicely illustrated book and had it published.He also gave lectures in different provinces，encouraging others to further explore the treasure house of traditional Chinese medicine，which can be 5. to global health care. referred to limited refer to，beneficial，limited，pay off，intend paid off beneficial 返 回 核 心 考点突破 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 28 vt.& vi.打算；计划；想要；意指 (intention n.目的；意图；打算) intend • intend to do/doing sth 打算做某事 intend sb to do sth 打算让某人做某事 had intended to do sth (＝intended to have done sth)本打算做某事(但 事实上没做) • be intended for/to do sth 旨在，预定……用途；为……打算(或设计)的 • with the intention of抱有……的目的；打算…… 1 (1)I intend (take) up a part-time job，through which I can have broad horizons. (2)The Chinese paper-cutting exhibition to be held next weekend is said to be intended the foreign students who are interested in Chinese culture. (3)母亲让她的孩子们坐在一起，目的是考虑一下他们能做些什么来帮助那个叫伯纳德的可怜男孩。(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写) The mother asked her kids to sit together ___________________________ .(intention) to take/taking for with the intention of thinking about what they could do to help the poor boy called Bernard (4)我本打算这个周末和你一起出去，但发生了一件意想不到的事情。所以我写信向你道歉。(应用文写作之道歉信) but something unexpected happened.So I’m writing to express my apology to you. I had intended to go out with you this weekend surround...with...使……包围…… be surrounded with/by被……包围 vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 (surrounding adj.周围的 surroundings n.周围的环境) surround 2 (1)He is a brilliant figure，who is well-educated and brought up in superior (surround). (2)这只饥饿的熊跟着嗅觉来到我们的营地，营地被高高的铁丝篱笆包围着。(2020·浙江7月，读后续写) The hungry bear followed its nose to our camp，which _______________ a high wire fence. surroundings was surrounded with/by (3)The tall building is our office building.It is surrounded by many trees. (合并成一句话) →The tall building ______________________________________________ .(定语从句) →The tall building .(过去分词短语作定语) which is surrounded by many trees is our office building surrounded by many trees is our office building ask sb a favour＝ask a favour of sb 请某人帮一个忙 do a favour for sb＝do sb a favour给某人以恩惠；帮某人一个忙 owe sb a favour欠某人一个人情 in favour of支持，赞同；有利于 (AmE favor)n.帮助；偏袒；恩惠；赞同，支持 vt.较喜欢；偏袒；有助于 [favourable adj.赞同的，支持的；有利的；优惠的 favourite n.特别喜爱(欢)的东西 adj.最喜爱的，最喜欢的] 3 favour (1)The exams are likely to work out as expected and my dream to be admitted to my (favour) university will come true. (2)I am all favour of supplying the homeless with food and water free of charge. (3)We assure that we will offer goods of high quality with _____________ (favour) prices. favourite in favourable (4)我们真诚地希望您能帮我们一个忙，来指导我们如何表演这个短剧。期待您的早日回复。(应用文写作之求助信) We sincerely hope and come to guide us how to perform the short play.Looking forward to your early reply. (5)我写这封信是想请你在即将到来的面试中帮助我。(应用文写作之求助信) I’m writing this letter， . you can do us a favour/do a favour for us asking you a favour with my coming interview 4 • charge sb with (doing) sth＝accuse sb of (doing) sth 指控某人犯……罪； 因(做)……而控告某人 charge sb money for sth因某物/事收某人钱 • free of charge(＝for free)免费 in charge of掌管(表状态) in the charge of被……掌管；由……负责 take charge of掌管(表动作) vi.&vt.充电；收费；控告；谴责；使……承担责任；使充满 n.收费；控告；主管，掌管；充电量 charge (1)How much money did the authorities charge you running the shop without a permit？ (2)Have you heard that our classmate Tom has been charged being involved in the crime? (3)The company is in the charge of Tom while the boss is away. → while the boss is away.(in charge of) (4)上周我们就市民是否可以免费使用科学博物馆展开了热烈的讨论。(应用文写作之议论文) Last week we had a heated debate about ____________________________ . for with Tom is in charge of the company whether citizens can access the Science Museum free of charge/for free 5 • involve oneself in...参加…… involve doing...包括/需要做…… • be/get involved in参与；卷入；专注于…… v.包含；需要；牵涉，影响；涉及；使参加(卷入)…… (involved adj.有关的；卷入的；复杂的) involve (1)The man said he involved himself this affair by accident not on purpose. (2)Michelle found a job as a high school teacher which involved ________ (spend) quite a lot of time with students. in spending (3)所有师生都积极参加了这次越野赛跑。 (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ，满分作文) ①All the teachers and students the cross-country running race.(involved) ②All the teachers and students the cross-country running race.(involve) got actively involved in involved themselves actively in 6 • permit sb (to do) sth 允许某人(做)某事 permit doing sth 允许做某事 • with/without one’s permission获得某人同意/未获得某人许可 v.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 n.通行证；许可证；执照 (permission n.允许，许可) permit (1)It is requested that we should not be permitted (take) goods out of the container unless informed. (2)In the lab，the students can’t touch electrical devices without the teacher’s (permit). to take permission (3)Our school does not permit (park) near the school gate. (4)天气允许的话，将举办冬日远足活动，让我们接近大自然并提高我们学生的健康意识。(应用文写作之通知) ① ，a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students’ health awareness.(独立主格结构) ② ，a winter hike will be launched to get us close to nature and raise us students’ health awareness.(条件状语从句) parking Weather permitting If weather permits 7 declare...to be/as...宣布……为…… declare war on/against...向……宣战 declare for/against表示赞成/反对 It is declared that...据宣布…… vt.宣告；宣布；声明；表明，宣称；申报 declare (1)In 1939，Britain declared war Germany after Germany invaded Poland. (2)Because of the solid evidence，the judge finally declared the man charged with murder (be) innocent. on/against to be (3)The politician declared strongly the policy put forward at the conference，which made the others present unhappy. (4)据宣布，新的交通法将于下个月开始实施生效。(应用文写作之通知) _______________________________________________________________ against It is declared that the new traffic law will come into effect next month. 8 • refer to...as...把……称作…… refer...to...把……提交给…… • in/with reference to关于 指的是；提到，谈及；参考，查阅(reference n.提及；参考，查阅；介绍信) refer to (1)The Chinese refer to their language Han，as it became popular among the people during the Han Dynasty. (2)Please wait patiently for a few days.We have referred your complaint our supplier. as to (3)You’d better write down the phone number of that restaurant for future (refer). (4)我写信向您寻求关于什么样的中国传统文化最吸引外国人的建议。 (2021·全国甲，书面表达) I am writing to ask for your advice ________________________________ . reference in/with reference to what kinds of traditional Chinese cultures appeal to foreigners most at high/low/full/top speed以高/低/全/最高速 at a speed of...以……的速度 pick up speed加速 reduce speed/slow down减速 (使)加速 9 speed up (1)The instructor kept repeating the words，“Speed ！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！” (2)If we should throw the ball at speed of about five miles a second，it wouldn’t fall back to the ground. up a (3)你应该养成良好的学习习惯，这可以帮助你更快达成目标。(应用文写作之劝诫信) You should form a good habit of learning，_________________________ to achieve your goal. which can help you speed up put aside把……放到一边；储存 put off推迟；延期 put up with忍受；容忍 put away把……收拾好；整理；储蓄 put on穿上；上演；增加 put up搭建；张贴；举起；为……提供住宿 put down放下；写下；镇压 提议，提出，建议；推荐；将……提前；拨快(钟表) 10 put forward 用put短语的适当形式填空 (1)A week before Earth Day，posters were around our school，calling upon us to join in the actions for a greener earth. (2)We will the picnic until next week，when the weather may be better. (3)I can’t make sense of the theory by a famous scholar. Do me a favour to explain it，please. put up put off put forward (4)As long as we our cellphones and get down to spending time with our family，we will never let our family down. (5)Friends have to learn to annoying habits and to tolerate differences of opinions. put aside put up with 在“take it for granted＋that从句”中，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的that从句。与此类似的用法有rely on/depend on/see to it＋that从句；appreciate it＋if从句；like/hate it＋when从句。 Now，we scientists take it for granted that it is perfectly possible to live and not know. 如今，我们科学家理所当然地认为，生而有所不知是完全有可能的。 11 it作形式宾语 (1)A teacher shouldn’t take for granted that every student has understood what he said in class. it (2)You can rely on my helping you when you are in trouble. → I will help you when you are in trouble.(含有it作形式宾语的复合句) (3)如果你能考虑我的邀请，我将不胜感激。 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作) ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ You can rely on it that I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into consideration/ account. 印证——高考原句呈现 The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species that live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ) GPNP旨在为生活在大熊猫活动范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区生态系统的健康状况。 1 印证——高考原句呈现 2 A special low entrance charge of ￡2 per person is available to all in full-time education，up to and including those at first degree level，in organised groups with teachers.(2022·全国乙) 所有全日制学生(包括本科生)，在教师带领下，可以享受每人2英镑的特价门票。 印证——高考原句呈现 3 In all,80 examinations were conducted for the project between January and September,2019，focusing on the imaging procedures that would cause anxiety.(2021·天津) 在2019年1月至9月期间，该项目总共进行了80项检测，重点关注可能会导致焦虑的成像程序。 印证——高考原句呈现 4 Many people in China have limited exposure to English.That makes it extra hard to learn and practice it.(2021·浙江6月) 在中国，很多人接触英语的机会有限，从而使得学习和练习英语变得格外困难。 印证——高考原句呈现 5 One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow in experiments using some common vegetables.(2020·全国Ⅰ) 他最新的研究项目之一是让植物发光，用一些普通的蔬菜做实验。 巩固——基础知识达标 1.pay off (1)He studied hard before the examination，and it paid off.He made an A. (2)Over 1,000 workers will be paid off if this factory closes. (3)We paid off our mortgage after years of hard work. Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 ____ ____ ____ B C A.还清(债务)　B.取得成功，获得好的结果　C.解雇，遣散 A A.查阅，参考　B.谈到，提及　C.指的是 2.refer to (1)I knew the lady was referring to Bill when she spoke of a bright young man. (2)Why not refer to a dictionary to check the spelling of the word？ (3)The scientist referred to global warming at least three times in his speech. ____ ____ ____ C A B 3.快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加颜色词汇的意思 (1)As an examiner，she showed no favour to any candidate. (2)There are traditional proverbs which express a moral or a piece of advice. ___________ ___________ 偏袒，偏爱 寓意，教益 1.His (limit) salary can reveal that he lives in poverty. 2.Somehow，our teacher declared Tom，a naughty boy (be) our monitor. 3.I would appreciate it if you could speed making me reach the airport in time. 4.I’m favour of your opinion that we should donate the food and tents to the people in disaster areas without delay. Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 limited to be up in 5.Obviously，the book published last month is (intend) for the disabled children. 6.To create cleaner (surround)，everyone should cut back on the carbon footprint. 7.It is requested that hikers should have a camping (permission) for overnight stays in the park. 8.To a certain extent，helping others is (benefit) to ourselves in the long run. intended surroundings permit beneficial 9.If you want to know more with reference the arrangements of the meeting，call me please. 10. her credit，her father quit smoking at her request. 返 回 to To 写 作 能力提升 1 2 Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练 (2020·全国Ⅱ)——农场采摘活动 上周末，我们学校组织了一场水果采摘活动，旨在让我们更进一步地理解农民的艰辛。(intend) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ Last weekend，our school organized a fruit-picking activity，intending to make us students further understand the hardship of farmers. 我们一到达，就立刻积极地投入到了采摘活动中。(involve) ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ The moment we got there，we actively involved ourselves in the picking activity. 3 4 Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练 由于我们的采摘知识有限，我们是在经验丰富的农民的指导下进行的。(limit) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Because of our limited knowledge about picking，we did it under the guidance of the experienced farmers. 虽然我们很累，但我们的努力得到了回报。我们对“没有付出，就没有回报”这句话有了更深的理解。(pay off) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Though we were tired，our efforts paid off.We have a better understanding of the saying “No pains，no gains.” 5 Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练 总之，这次活动对我们的身心健康有益，所以我希望学校可以组织更多类似的活动。(beneficial) __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ In a word，this activity is beneficial to our mental and physical health，so I hope our school will organize more similar activities. Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练 1.环境描写 lightning n.闪电 thunderstorm n.雷雨，雷暴 bang n.突然的巨响；猛敲，猛击 教材续写语料 Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练 2.人物描写 evil n.罪恶，罪行；害处，坏处 adj.恶毒的；有害的 marriage n.结婚，婚姻；已婚状态 教材续写语料 Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练 3.动作描写 surround vt.围绕，环绕；包围；与……紧密相关 let sb down使某人失望 permit vt.& vi.允许，准许，许可；使有可能 put forward提出，提议，建议 教材续写语料 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 一天晚上，汤姆被闪电和雷雨惊醒了。当他经过父母的卧室时，碰巧听到他们在争吵。最后，他的父亲提出结束他们的婚姻，这让汤姆很震惊。他不敢相信。汤姆打开了门，冲出了房间。他觉得自己被愤怒和沮丧围绕着。大约过了一个小时，天空中出现了一些星星。他慢慢地平静下来。他对自己说：“一切都会好起来的。我是不会允许他们分手的。我相信他们不会让我失望的。” 续写语料运用 One night， . As he passed his parents’ bedroom，he overheard them quarreling. Finally，his father ，which shocked Tom.He couldn’t believe it.Tom opened the door and rushed out of the house.He felt _______________________________________.After about an hour，some stars appeared in the sky.Slowly，he calmed down. He said to himself，“Everything will be all right.___________________ .I believe they won’t .” 返 回 续写语料运用 Tom was woken up by the lightning and thunderstorm put forward ending their marriage he was surrounded by anger and depression I won’t permit them let me down to break up 本课结束 更多精彩内容请登录：www.xinjiaoyu.com $$