选择性必修第四册 Unit 3 Careers and skills（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（译林版 湘苏皖）

Ⅰ.认阅读单词 1．labour n．劳工；劳动，(尤指)体力劳动；分娩期，分娩 vi.努力做；干苦力活 2．gear vt.使适合于 n．排挡，齿轮，传动装置 3．endeavour vi.努力，尽力 n．努力，尝试 4．receipt n．收到的款项，收入；收据 5．directory n．名录，电话号码簿，公司名录 6．plug vt.补足，供给；堵塞，封堵 n．插头，插座 7．groundwork n．基础工作，准备工作 8．premier adj.最著名的，最成功的，第一的 n．首相，总理 9．institute n．机构，机构建筑 vt.建立，制定(体系、政策等) 10．proportion n．正确的比例；部分，份额；比例；体积，面积 11．fabric n．织物，布料 12．fibre n．纤维制品；纤维素；纤维 13．concisely adv.简明地，简练地，简洁地 14．yawn vi.打哈欠 15．corporate adj.公司的；全体的，共同的 16．rainbow n．虹，彩虹 17．bowling n．保龄球运动 18．tournament n．锦标赛 Ⅱ.记重点单词 1．salary n．薪金，薪水 2．attain vt.达到；获得 3．passion n．强烈情感；酷爱 4．anticipate vt.预计；预料 5．superior adj.更好的，占优势的 n．级别(或地位、职位)更高的人 6．prejudice n．偏见，成见 7．lawyer n．律师 8．servant n．雇员，职员；仆人 9．clerk n．职员，簿记员，文书 10．receptionist n．接待员 11．respective adj.分别的，各自的 12．hire vt.& vi.聘用，雇用；租用 n．新雇员；租借 13．leadership n．领导应有的品质；领导地位 14．weekly adj.每周的 adv.每周地 n．周报，周刊 15．monthly adj.每月的 adv.每个月 n．月刊 16．budget n．预算 17．loan n．贷款，借款；借出 vt.借出，贷与(尤指钱) 18．client n．客户，委托人 19．detective n．侦探，警探 20．subjective adj.主观的 21．swing vi.& vt.(swung，swung)(使)改变；(使)摆动，摇摆 n．改变；摆动；秋千 22．label n．标签；(不恰当的)称谓 vt.贴标签于；(尤指不公正地)把……称为 23．candidate n．候选人；应试者；被认定适合者 24．profile n．概述；形象；侧面轮廓 vt.概述，写简介 25．criterion n．(pl.criteria) 标准，准则 26．shave n．刮脸，剃须 vi.& vt.剃(须发)，刮脸 27．mode n．方式，风格，样式 28．delay n．延迟的时间；延期，耽搁 vi.& vt.延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延 29．duration n．持续时间，期间 30．justify vt.对……做出解释，为……辩解；证明……正确 31．infer vt.推断，推论，推理 32．convey vt.表达，传递；传送，运送 33．firm adj.强有力的，坚决的；坚固的；坚定的；牢固的 n．商行，公司 34．seize vt.抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收 35．madam n．女士，夫人 36．temporary adj.临时的，短暂的 Ⅲ.知拓展单词 1．consultant n．顾问；会诊医师→consult vt.查阅；请教 vt.& vi.商议，商量 2．operate vt.操作，使运行 vi.运转，工作；经营，营业→operation n．操作；运转；手术→operator n．操作人员，接线员 3．commercial adj.商业的，贸易的→commercially adv.商业上→commerce n．商业；贸易 4．qualification n．资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准→qualify vt.& vi.(使)具有资格，(使)合格→qualified adj.有资格的，胜任的 5．applicant n．申请人→apply vi.申请 vt.使用，应用→application n．应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，敷用 6．prior adj.在前的；优先的，占先的→priority n．优先，优先权；重点 7．refreshed adj.恢复了精力的，精神振作的→refreshing adj.令人耳目一新的；使人精力充沛的→refresh v．使恢复精力；使想起 8．rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的，粗野的→rudeness n．无礼貌；粗野；粗鲁 9．relevant adj.紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的→relevance n．关联，相关性→relevantly adv.相关地→irrelevant adj.不相关的，无关紧要的 10．genuine adj.真诚的，可信赖的；真的，名副其实的→genuinely adv.真切地，真诚地 1．outstanding adj.杰出的；显著的 2．overcome vt.克服；战胜 3．overhead adj.在头上方的；在头顶上的 4．overlook vt.忽略；俯瞰；远眺 5．overweight adj.超重的 6．oxygen n．氧气 7．painful adj.疼痛的；痛苦的 8．panic n．& v．惊慌 9．paragraph n．(文章的)段落 10．parallel n．平行线；对比 adj.平行的 11．particular adj.特别的；尤其 12．passive adj.被动的；消极的 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．labour force (全公司或全国的)劳动力 2．earn a living谋生 3．be fond of喜爱 4．public servant公务员，公仆 5．comfort zone舒适区，放松区 6．weigh up权衡，斟酌 7．put sth on the line让……处于危险之中 8．swing into action立即行动起来；马上大干起来 9．gain the upper hand处于有利地位，有优势 10．prior to在……之前 11．for the duration直到……结束，在整个……期间 12．put one’s best foot forward全力以赴 13．in the direction of...朝……方向 14．a sense of achievement成就感 15．be superior to...比……更好的，更胜一筹的 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．Wherever our interests may lie and whatever our career choices might be，work allows us the opportunity to be engaged in something we are fond of，and consequently，it can give us a great sense of achievement and satisfaction.(“疑问词＋-ever”引导的让步状语从句) 无论我们的兴趣在何处，无论我们的职业选择是什么，工作使得我们有机会做我们喜欢的事情，并且因此能带给我们巨大的成就感和满足感。 2．Our rapidly changing workplace makes it necessary for us to keep up and develop new skills.(make＋it＋adj.＋to do) 我们不断变化的工作场所使跟上和发展新的技能非常有必要。 3．Not only does work benefit us personally，it also contributes to the health of society.[not only...(but) also...] 工作不仅有利于我们个人，它也有助于社会的健康。 4．Whether we are scientists，lawyers，doctors，public servants，consultants，clerks，receptionists or butchers，we all make our respective contributions.(whether...or...无论……还是……) 选择性必修第四册　Unit 3　Careers and skills　无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员、顾问、职员、接待员还是屠夫，我们都做出了各自的贡献。 5．We can take pride in the knowledge that hard work is essential for our individual well-being as well as for the benefit of our society as a whole.(that引导同位语从句) 我们能够自豪于有这样的认知，即努力工作对于我们个人的健康幸福和整个社会的利益都是必不可少的。 请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 Changing a career means putting the present stable career on the line for something uncertain.So you’d better think twice.Following the suggestions will be helpful. Firstly，think about what goals you have 1.attained and the reason why you want to change your job.If the salary of the present job is not enough for you to 2.earn a living or you are fond of new things，you of course can seize a chance to get a new job in a big firm.After all，stepping out of the 3.comfort zone benefits us.Secondly，your former experience does not necessarily enable you to gain the upper hand in gaining a new job.Therefore，prior to making a change，consider what training you will need to get the right 4.qualification for the new job，if it is not relevant to the present one.Lastly，when choosing a new job，you keep in mind that all jobs are equally important and no one is 5.superior to another，so you should not have prejudice against anyone. In a word，do remember to 6.weigh up the advantages and disadvantages before you make a career change. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 superior adj.更好的，占优势的 n．级别(或地位、职位)更高的人 be superior to比……更好的、更胜一筹的 be inferior to 比……更差的、比不上……的 be senior to 比……年长/资历深 be junior to 比……年幼/资历浅 (1)Mr Smith is junior to me by three years，while he is senior to me in rank in the firm. (2)相信所有的人都生来平等，没有人比另一个人高一等。 Hold the belief that all the people are born equal，and no one is superior to another. prejudice n．[U] & [C] 偏见，成见 (prejudiced adj.有偏见的；偏爱的) •have (a) prejudice against sb/sth 对……有偏见 •be prejudiced against...对……有偏见 (1)There is a common phenomenon that many firms are prejudiced(prejudice) against applicants lacking work experience. (2)这位总理从不对贫困的人有偏见，相反，他总是表达对他们的同情，并试图帮助他们。 Never does the premier have (a) prejudice against those in poverty，instead he always conveys his sympathy for them and seeks to help them. operate vt.操作，使运行 vi.(机器)运转，工作；经营，营业；动手术 (operation n．操作；经营；手术 operator n．话务员；操作员；经营者) •operate on/upon sb 给某人动手术 •come/go into operation开始工作(生效) put/bring...into operation实施；实行 (1)The patient was in great danger，so the doctors decided to operate on/upon him without delay. (2)The new rules will come into operation(operate) next month and the boss anticipates a good result. (3)为了阻止环境继续受到污染，我们政府将很快实施有关这一问题的新规定。(话题写作之环境保护) In order to keep the environment from continuing to be polluted，our government will put/bring the new regulations about it into operation soon. qualification n．资格，资历；学历；合格，达到标准 [qualify vt.& vi.(使)具有资格 qualified有资格的，胜任的] •have the qualification for/to do有……的资格 •qualify sb to do sth 使某人有资格做某事 •be qualified for/to do sth 有……的资格/有资格做某事 (1)The groundwork you have done and your performance in the interview will qualify you to get(get) the leadership in this new company. (2)Previous teaching experience is a necessary qualification(qualify) for this job. (3)我确信我有资格担任这个职位。如果你能给我这个机会，我会不胜感激。(应用文写作之申请信) I am sure that I am qualified for/I have the qualification for the post.I would be grateful if you could offer me the chance. delay v．延迟；延期；使迟到，使拖延 n．延迟的时间；延期，耽搁 •delay doing sth 延迟做某事 •without delay立即；毫不耽搁 (1)Taking some factors into consideration，the doctors determined to delay telling(tell) him the fact that he suffered from lung cancer. (2)为了防止人类继续危害自然，所有这些措施都必须立即执行。(话题写作之环境与自然) To prevent human beings from going on harming nature，all these measures must be carried out without delay. relevant adj.紧密相关的，切题的；有价值的，有意义的 (relevance n．关联；相关性 irrelevant adj.不相关的，无关紧要的) • (be) relevant to sb/sth 与某人/某事有关 •have no relevance to与……无关/不相关 • (be) irrelevant to sb/sth 与某人/某事无关 (1)It is generally accepted that success is not necessarily relevant to inborn intelligence. (2)The teacher blamed him for breaking the window，but his deskmate justified that he was not relevant to that incident. ①The teacher blamed him for breaking the window，but his deskmate justified that he had no relevance to that incident.(relevance) ②The teacher blamed him for breaking the window，but his deskmate justified that he was irrelevant to that incident.(irrelevant) whether...or...　Whether we are scientists，lawyers，doctors，public servants，consultants，clerks，receptionists or butchers，we all make our respective contributions. 无论我们是科学家、律师、医生、公务员、顾问、职员、接待员还是屠夫，我们都做出了各自的贡献。 •whether...or...“无论……还是……，不管……还是……”引导让步状语从句。 •whether...or...也可以引导名词性从句作主语或宾语。 •表“是否”时只用whether不用if的情况：与or not 直接连用；后接不定式；作介词的宾语；位于句首；引导表语从句。 (1)Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint，the time，effort and relative expense put into it are significant. (2)It is still under discussion whether the old bus station should be replaced with a modern hotel or not. (3)这场话题为学生是否应该做志愿者的辩论定于4月15日举行。(应用文写作之通知) The debate whose topic is whether students should be volunteers or not is scheduled to take place on April 15. (4)她就在那里站了一会儿，不知是该待在这里还是该马上离开。(读后续写之情感描写) For a moment，she just stood there，feeling at a loss whether to stay here or leave at once. 1．It’s possible that improving people’s cardiovascular fitness in middle age could delay or even prevent them from developing dementia.(2022·浙江1月) 通过改善中年人的心血管健康状况来延缓甚至防止他们患失智症是有可能的。 2．And then he would donate them to folks who could truly use them but didn’t have the budget to buy one.(2021·天津) 接着他会捐赠给那些真正使用它们却没有预算买一个的人们。 3．It will undoubtedly help you get refreshed！(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ) 毫无疑问，它会帮助你振作起来！ 4．All applicants must have a driver’s license and access to a car.(2021·天津) 所有的申请人必须有驾驶证并且拥有一辆车。 5．If a customer is rude or difficult，just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.Maybe her child’s not well.”(2020·全国Ⅲ) 如果一个顾客粗鲁或难相处，想想“也许她和丈夫吵架了。也许她的孩子生病了。” 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．operate A.给……动手术　B.操作　C.经营　D.起作用 　E.运转 (1)The car is powered by a battery on its back，which can keep it operating for an hour. E (2)More interestingly，I tried operating some aircraft by myself. B (3)If the doctor had operated on him earlier，he wouldn’t have died. A (4)My parents used to operate a small restaurant near the train station. C (5)This kind of material operates as a very effective protection. D 2．firm A.n.公司　B.adj.坚硬的；牢固的；稳固的　 C.adj.坚定的；坚决的；强有力的 (1)Go ahead for a firm goal，and the whole world will let you go！ C (2)Such friendship will never be broken up，because the foundation on which it is set up is quite firm and strong. B (3)The firm’s employees are expecting large bonuses. A 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)We carefully labelled each item with the contents and the date.贴标签于 (2)Pipes convey hot water from the boiler to the radiators.运输，运送 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．All the candidates approved of announcing the results of election without delay. 2．The new traffic rules will come into operation(operate) next month to ease the traffic jam. 3．There is a tendency to have a prejudice against newcomers whether in a firm or in other places. 4．Anyone，whether he is a knowledgeable professor or a bus driver，should be equally respected. 5．We have learned from the knowledgeable professor that people of different skin colors are equal and no race is superior to another. 6．Topics for textbooks should be relevant to the experiences and interests of the students especially for the small children in kindergarten. Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练 (应用文写作之申请信) 1．我在报纸上读到你们公司招聘秘书的广告。我觉得我有资格胜任你们所招聘的职位。(qualify) I have read your advertisement for a secretary in the newspaper.And I feel that I’m qualified for the position you have advertised. 2．我曾经在一家大公司做过秘书，所以我积累了很多相关的经验。(relevant) I once worked in a big firm as a secretary so I accumulated much relevant experience. 3．我精通英语和中文，所以我认为我在与外国合作伙伴的交流方面优于其他人。(superior) I have a good command of English and Chinese so I think I’m superior to others in communication with foreign partners. 4．无论我是否被接受，感谢您对我的申请的积极考虑。我期待着您的早日答复。(whether...or...) Any favourable consideration of my application would be appreciated whether or not I will be accepted.I’m looking forward to your early reply. Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练 教材续写语料 1．情感描写 passion n．强烈情感；酷爱 be fond of喜爱 refreshed adj.恢复了精力的，精神振作的 genuine adj.真诚的，可信赖的；真的，名副其实的 2．动作描写 earn a living谋生 delay vi.& vt.延迟，延期；使迟到，使拖延 attain vt.达到；获得 hire vt.& vi.聘用，雇用；租用 weigh up权衡，斟酌 put sth on the line让……处于危险之中 convey vt.表达，传递；传送，运送 seize vt.抓住，把握；捉住，夺；攻占；没收 put one’s best foot forward全力以赴 3．环境描写 firm n．商行，公司 rainbow n．虹，彩虹 续写语料运用 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 艾米(Amy)喜欢绘画，她的梦想是成为一名伟大的画家。她热衷于通过她的作品来表达自己的感情。但父母的离婚让她的梦想落空了。在权衡利弊之后，她决定自己谋生以减轻母亲的负担。因此她辍学了。结果，她的梦想被耽搁了。她被雇用为一家公司的职员。但她下定决心不会放弃自己的梦想，她将全力以赴去实现她的目标。 Amy is fond of painting and her dream is to be a great painter.She has a passion for conveying her emotion through her works.But her parents’ divorce put her dream on the line.Having weighed up the pros and cons，she decided to earn a living by herself to relieve her mother’s burden.So she dropped out of school.As a result，her dream was delayed.She was hired by a firm as a clerk.But she is determined not to give up her dream and she will put her best foot forward to attain her goal. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$