选择性必修第一册 Unit 2 The universal language（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（译林版 湘苏皖）

Ⅰ.认阅读单词 1．Austrian adj.奥地利的，奥地利人的 2．symphony n．交响乐，交响曲 3．Polish adj.波兰的，波兰人的，波兰语的 4．grave n．坟墓；死亡，去世 adj.严重的；严肃的 5．lyric n．歌词；抒情诗 adj.抒情的；吟唱的 6．heaven n．极乐之地 7．jazz n．爵士乐 8．arch n．拱门；拱 9．solo n．独奏，独唱 adj.独自的；独唱的，独奏的 10．spacecraft n．(pl.spacecraft) 航天(飞行)器，宇宙飞船 11．volume n．音量，响度；体积，容积，容量；量，额 12．lane n．(乡间)小路；小巷；车道；跑道；航线 13．handkerchief n．(pl.handkerchiefs or handkerchieves)手帕，纸巾 14．orchestra n．管弦乐队 15．chorus n．合唱曲；副歌；合唱团 16．finale n．末乐章，终场，结局；结尾 17．rhythm n．节奏，韵律，律动；规律 Ⅱ.记重点单词 1．deserve vt.值得，应得 2．pleasant adj.令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的 3．whisper vi.& vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 n．低语；轻柔的声音；传言 4．dramatic adj.激动人心的，引人注目的；突然的；戏剧的；夸张的 5．weep vi.& vt.(wept，wept)哭泣，流泪 6．overcome vt.(overcame，overcome)受到……的极大影响；克服，解决；战胜 7．sorrow n．悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 8．forever adv.永远；长久地；老是 9．folk adj.民间的，民俗的 n．民间音乐；人们；各位；家人 10．tune n．曲调，曲子 vt.调音；调频道；调整 11．rural adj.乡村的，农村的 12．surroundings n．周围，环境 13．breeze n．微风，和风 14．guarantee vt.保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n．保证，担保；保修单 15．communist adj.共产主义的 n．共产主义者 16．invader n．武装入侵的军队(或国家)，侵略者 17．flow vi.流，流动；充满；涨起 n．流，流动；连贯；涨潮 18．solar adj.太阳的；太阳能的 19．recording n．录音，视频；录制；记录，记载 20．stare vi.盯着看，凝视，注视 n．盯，凝视，注视 21．unusual adj.特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的 22．grab vt.& vi.吸引；抓住；赶紧，抓紧 23．sweep vt.& vi.(swept，swept)席卷，横扫；打扫；吹走；清除 n．打扫，清扫 24．complicated adj.复杂的，难懂的 25．accompany vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏 26．remarkable adj.非凡的，奇异的，显著的，引人注目的 27．stream vi.& vt.鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动 n．小溪；(人)流，(车)流 28．vast adj.大量的，辽阔的，巨大的 29．reputation n．名誉，名声 30．brilliant adj.聪颖的，技艺高的；巧妙的；很成功的；明亮的 31．extraordinary adj.不寻常的，非凡的；意想不到的，令人惊奇的 32．upset adj.难过的，失望的 vt.(upset，upset)使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 33．abandon vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 34．desperate adj.绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的 35．uplifting adj.令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的 36．ease n．容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi.& vt.(使)宽慰，减轻 37．genius n．天赋，天资；天才 38．grand adj.宏大的，宏伟的；壮丽的，堂皇的 Ⅲ.知拓展单词 1．compose vt.& vi.作曲；组成；撰写；使镇静→composer n．作曲家，作曲者 2．transform vi.& vt.(使)变形，(使)改观，(使)转化→transformation n．转化；转换；变形 3．adaptation n．改编本，改写本；适应→adapt vt.使适应；改编 vi.适应→adaptable adj.有适应能力的，能适应的 4．defend vt.& vi.保护，防御；辩白，辩解→defence n．防御；防卫；保护 5．greet vt.问候，欢迎，招呼→greeting n．问候，招呼；(pl.)祝词；贺词 6．suitable adj.合适的，适宜的，适当的，适用的→suit v．对……合适；合身；适合；使适宜 n．套装，西装 7．distant adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的→distance n．距离；远方 8．breath n．呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量；迹象→breathe vi.呼吸 9．expectation n．希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望→expect vt.预期；预料；期待；指望 vi.认为；料想 10．enthusiastic adj.热情的，热心的→enthusiasm n．热心，热忱，热情 11．gifted adj.有才华的，有天赋的→gift n．礼物；天赋；赠品 12．prediction n．预言，预测→predict v．预言，预知；断言 13．depress vt.使抑郁，使沮丧；使萧条，使不景气→depressed adj.沮丧的；萧条的→depression n．抑郁(症)；消沉；萧条(期) 14．possess vt.具有(特质)；拥有；支配，控制→possession n．拥有；(pl.)财产；财物 1．geography n．地理学 2．geometry n．几何(学) 3．gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的 4．glory n．巨大的光荣；荣誉 5．grasp vt.抓住；紧握；领会 6．grateful adj.感激的；感谢的 7．greeting n．祝贺 8．grocery n．杂货店 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．tear apart使(关系密切的人)分离，分开 2．rely on依赖，依靠；信任 3．throw in奉送，额外赠送 4．for good measure作为额外增添 5．consist of由……组成(或构成) 6．get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事 7．all of a sudden突然，猛地 8．turn out最后是，结果是 9．be well received深受欢迎 10．be capable of doing sth 能够做某事；有能力做某事 11．stream into不断涌进；源源不断地流入 12．break into突然开始(做某事)；闯入；破门而入 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．Angry and sad，Liang falls sick and dies.(形容词短语作状语) 梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。 2．Beethoven，who was almost completely deaf at this point in his life，was unaware of the audience’s response until one of the singers turned him around to face the crowd.(who引导定语从句) 当时贝多芬已近全聋，直到一位领唱扶他转过身来，面向观众，他才意识到观众的反应。 3．Before him，he saw a sea of people all standing，clapping，and waving their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork.(see＋宾语＋宾补) 他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着他们对这部杰作的赞赏。 4．By the time he was a teenager，he had already enjoyed a reputation as a wonderful young musician.(by the time引导时间状语从句) 他少年时就已被誉为一名出色的年轻音乐家。 5．He was so upset that，at first，he wanted to keep it a secret.(so...that...) 他痛苦不堪，以至于起初只想尽量隐瞒。 请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 I was born in a family which 1.consists of four members：my parents，my brother Tom and me.My brother and I were brought up in pleasant 2.surroundings.Tom is gifted in maths，and enthusiastic about helping others.Whenever our neighbors need help，they can 3.rely on it that Tom will never turn them down，so he earns a good reputation.A few days ago，my brother accompanied me at home.I met a 4.complicated maths problem，so I asked him for help.He stared at the problem for a few seconds and got down to figuring it out.What upset me was that he also couldn’t work it out.“I can’t abandon it，” he whispered to himself.He took a deep 5.breath and noticed an arch in the house.6.All of a sudden，he got inspiration and solved the maths problem with ease，which was uplifting.“You are a genius.I admire you，” I told him gladly. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 deserve vt.值得，应得；应受 deserve to do sth 值得做……；应该做…… deserve to be done(＝deserve＋doing/n.)值得被做 deserve sth值得/应得某事/物 (1)The scenery there is so pleasant and extraordinary that it deserves to admire(admire)． (2)她被公认为是我们学校最负责任、最体贴的老师，所以她值得尊敬。 (2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达) She is widely acknowledged to be the most responsible and considerate teacher in our school，so she deserves respect/to be respected/respecting. transform vt.& vi.(使)改变外观或性质(尤指向好的方向)；(使)改变形态；(使)转化；转换；改造；变换 (transformation n．转化；转换；改造；变换；变形) transform...into...使……变成…… transform...from...into...把……从……变成…… (1)In the movie，the boy was transformed from a clumsy ordinary guy into a brilliant one who possessed magical power. (2)The ten years has witnessed a complete transformation(transform) of the small rural village. (3)另外，您的慷慨帮助和精心照顾让我感到家一般的温暖，且把我的首次美国之旅变成了一种难忘的回忆。(应用文写作之感谢信) Additionally，your generous help and tender care made me feel as warm as at home and transformed my first American trip into an unforgettable memory. guarantee vt.保证，担保；确保；为(产品)提供保修 n．保证，担保；保修单 •guarantee to do sth/that...保证做某事/确保…… •under guarantee在保修期内 give sb a guarantee that...向某人担保/保证…… (1)I guarantee to accompany(accompany) you to the park at the weekend as long as I am free. (2)我最近在你的网站上购买的新iPad现在坏了。它仍在保修期内，所以我要求换一台新的或全额退款。(应用文写作之投诉信) The new iPad I recently purchased from your website is out of order now.It is still under guarantee，so I demand either a new one or a full refund. (3)We guarantee to deliver the goods in one week. ①We guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee v．) ②We give a guarantee that we will deliver the goods in one week.(guarantee n．) suitable adj.合适的，适当的，适宜的，适用的 (suit vt.对……合适；合身；适合；使适宜 n．一套衣服；西装，套装) •be suitable for...适合于…… be suitable to do sth 适合做某事 •suit sth to sb/sth 使……适合(或适应)某人/物 (1)Once you find suitable(suit) learning methods，your learning efficiency is likely to be improved. (2)A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his pupils. (3)我坚信我适合(做)这项志愿者工作，因为我精通英语。 ①I firmly believe that I’m suitable for/to do the voluntary work，because I have a good command of English.(suitable) ②I firmly believe that the voluntary work suits me，because I have a good command of English.(suit) 用法点拨　suit多指合乎需要、口味、性格、款式等；fit多指大小、形状的合适；match多指色调、形状、性质等方面的搭配。 accompany vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏 (companion n．伙伴；同伴 company n．公司；做伴，陪伴) •accompany sb to sp.陪伴某人去某地 accompany sb at/on sth 用某物为某人伴奏(尤指用钢琴) •keep sb company(＝accompany sb)陪伴某人 (1)I was upset that my best friend couldn’t accompany me to the concert tonight，but he once guaranteed to. (2)This is an unusual performance for the little girl，because her mother will accompany her on/at the piano on the stage. (3)Wherever she goes，her pet dog follows her，and the lady is happy to have such a nice companion(company)． (4)风猛刮着身旁的树，伴随着大雨，你很难想象我们是多么害怕。(读后续写之场景心理描写) The wind blew the trees violently on our sides，accompanied by heavy rain and you can hardly imagine how frightened we were. expectation n．希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望 (expect v．预期；盼望；认为；料想) •beyond (sb’s) expectations 出乎(某人的)意料 meet/come to/live up to one’s expectations 不辜负某人所望 •expect (sb ) to do sth 期待(某人)做某事 (1)Don’t expect such a little boy to work(work) out the complicated problem within given time unless he is a genius. (2)我相信我的热情和投入一定不会辜负您的期望。(应用文写作之申请信) I am convinced that my enthusiasm and devotion will come/live up to your expectations. (3)我完全没想到这段视频在数小时内获得了数千次点击和评论。(2021·浙江1月，读后续写) The video got thousands of clicks and reviews within hours, which was totally beyond my expectations. upset adj.心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的；难过的，失望的 vt.(upset；upset；upsetting)使不安；使心烦；搅乱；打翻 •be upset by/about/at sth 为某事心烦 be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安 •What upsets sb is...让某人心烦(难过)的是…… It upsets sb to do sth/that...做某事让人心烦(难过)/让某人心烦(难过)的是…… (1)The relatives were upset to hear(hear) that the new couple would be apart for no reason. (2)I was upset about/by/at the saying “You are not suitable for the position you applied for.” (3)You will return to your country soon and that makes me upset. ①I am upset that you will return to your country soon.(用that宾语从句改写) ②What upsets me is that you will return to your country soon.(用what主语从句改写) ③It upsets me that you will return to your country soon.(用it作形式主语改写) abandon vt.遗弃；放弃，不再有；抛弃；中止；使放纵；使放任 n．放任；放纵 (abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放纵的) •abandon doing sth 放弃做某事 abandon oneself to...沉湎于…… •be abandoned to (doing)沉湎于(做) •with abandon放纵地；尽情地 (1)He abandoned joining(join) our team, which was beyond our expectations. (2)I abandoned myself to computer games.I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents. ①Abandoning myself to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.(用现在分词短语作状语改写) ②Abandoned to computer games，I performed extremely badly in the end-of-term examination and upset my parents.(用过去分词短语作状语改写) (3)我们放纵地唱歌、跳舞、大笑，忘却了生活中的烦恼。(读后续写之情感描写) We sang，danced，and laughed with abandon，forgetting the troubles in our lives. desperate adj.绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的 (desperately adv.绝望地；拼命地；非常地) be desperate for sth 渴望某物 be desperate to do sth 渴望做某事 (1)When news of her son’s death reached her, she screamed desperately(desperate). (2)她唯一迫切想做的事就是扑在她的小床上痛哭一场！(读后续写之情感描写) The only thing she was desperate to do was throw herself onto her little bed and weep wildly! (3)我渴望有机会成为一名志愿者。我的确希望您能给我这个宝贵的机会。(应用文写作之申请信) ①I am desperate for the chance to be a volunteer.I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity. ②Desperate for the chance to be a volunteer，I do hope you can offer me the precious opportunity.(用形容词短语作状语改写) rely on 依靠，依赖；信任 (reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的) rely on sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事 rely on (doing) sth 依赖/信任/指望(做)某事 rely on it that...相信……；指望…… (1)You can rely on John to help(help) you out，because he is a reliable(rely) person. (2)Don’t rely on cheating(cheat) in the exam, for you will never get away with it. (3)我最尊敬我的叔叔，因为每当我处于困境中时，我都可以指望他给我一些实用的建议。 (2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达) ①I respect my uncle most because I can rely on him to offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.(rely on sb to do sth) ②I respect my uncle most because I can rely on it that he can offer me some practical suggestions whenever I am in trouble.(rely on it that...) 用法点拨　介词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语再接宾语从句。与rely on意义和用法相同的短语还有：depend on，count on。 consist of 由……组成(或构成) (consistent adj.一致的；连续的) •consist of＝be made up of＝be composed of由……组成 consist in在于；存在于 •be consistent with...与……一致 (1)The new chorus consisting of ten people is very popular among the audience. (2)Keep in mind that our ideal life is not always consistent with the reality. (3)生活中不仅有阳光，还有风雨。(读后续写之升华句) ①Life consists of not only sunshine but also storms. ②Life is made up of not only sunshine but also storms. ③Life is composed of not only sunshine but also storms. 用法点拨　consist of没有进行时态和被动语态。 形容词短语作状语　Angry and sad，Liang falls sick and dies. 梁山伯悲愤交加，染病而亡。 •形容词(短语)作状语常用来说明句子主语所处的状态，即常和主语构成系表关系。 •形容词(短语)作状语在句中还可以表示行为方式或伴随状况、原因、时间或条件等。 (1)Surprised(surprise) and overjoyed a great deal，Jane held her husband tightly and told him how much she loved him. (2)They were excited and moved，so they wept and hugged each other.(读后续写之兴奋心理描写) →Excited and moved，they wept and hugged each other.(形容词短语作状语) (3)我坚定而自豪地拿出自己的钱递给爸爸。(2021·浙江6月，读后续写之情感细节描写) Determined and proud, I took out my own money and handed it to Dad.(形容词短语作状语) see＋宾语＋宾补　Before him，he saw a sea of people all standing，clapping，and waving their hats and handkerchiefs to express their appreciation of his masterwork. 他看见眼前的人山人海全部起立，有的鼓掌，有的挥舞帽子和手帕，表达着他们对这部杰作的赞赏。 see＋宾语＋doing(主动的正在进行的动作)看见……在做 see＋宾语＋do(动作的全过程)看见……做了 see＋宾语＋done(已经完成的或者是被动的动作)看见……被…… (1)My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading(head) towards the motorway.I ran desperately but failed to catch up.(2020·浙江7月) (2)While walking in the street，I noticed him bitten(bite) by a dog. (3)狼没能抓住猎物，我们看到它消失在树林里。 The wolf failed to get the prey.We saw it disappearing into the woods. 用法点拨　能用于该结构的动词(短语)还有watch，notice，listen to，observe，feel 等。 1．Can a small group of drones guarantee the safety and reliability of railways and，at the same time，help railway operators save billions of euros each year？(2022·全国乙) 一小组无人机能够做到保证铁路的安全性和可靠性，同时又能帮助铁路运营商每年节省数十亿欧元吗？ 2．This indicates that Goffin’s cockatoos do indeed possess an allocentric frame of reference when moving objects in space，similar to two-year-old babies.(2022·全国甲) 这就表明，戈芬氏凤头鹦鹉在空间中移动物品时，确实具有与两岁儿童相似的非自我中心参考系的能力。 3．However，what my children want to do after school is pick up a screen—any screen—and stare at it for hours.(2021·浙江6月) 然而，我的孩子们放学后最想做的事情就是拿起一个电子产品(屏幕)——任何一个——然后盯着看好几个小时。 4．On Thursday in an article published in Cell，a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food，but to the ocean.(2020·全国Ⅲ) 周四，在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中，一组研究人员报告了一种新的适应方式——不是对空气或食物的适应，而是对海洋的适应。 5．His teacher，Thomas Whaley，is next to him，whispering support.“...Vote for...me...” Except for some stumbles，Chris is doing amazingly well.(2019·全国Ⅰ) 他的老师托马斯·惠利就在他旁边，耳语为他提示。“为……我……投票……”除了些许的磕磕绊绊，克里斯整体表现得非常好。 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．dramatic (1)What upsets the young people is the dramatic increase of the house prices. B (2)They watched dramatic pictures of the police raid(突击搜捕) on TV. A (3)Don’t be so dramatic! We should be modest and honest. C 2．brilliant (1)I show my admiration for my cousin who is a brilliant young scientist. C (2)All the audience agreed that the play was a brilliant success. B (3)When Mrs Meredith heard of John’s idea，she said，“What a brilliant idea！” A (4)Cycling along the small path，and bathed in the brilliant sunshine，the boy felt at ease. D 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)They offered a two-year guarantee on all their electrical goods，which surprised many customers.保修单 (2)It is annoying that my best friend took a distant attitude towards me a few days ago.疏远的，冷淡的 (3)Several factors combined to depress the housing market.使萧条，削弱 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．Knowing that the measures did the trick， his mind was at ease. 2．He deserved to win(win) the first prize in the English speech contest because he had made great efforts to enhance his English level. 3．What upset the twin brothers was that they put too many ingredients in the soup. 4．She dropped her eyes and stared at her feet, hoping no one would notice how embarrassed she was. 5．The amazing scenery of the Summer Palace is beyond my expectations(expect)，so I am keen to go there again. 6．Tom has transformed his firm into a powerful one，and has decided to expand business to Europe. 7．All the staff rely on it that the new strategy will generate profits for the company. 8．This medicine can help the body defend itself against the disease connected to damp weather. 9．It is appropriate for us to repair our possessions(possess) instead of throwing them away. 10．The mixture consisting(consist) of cream and cheese smells delicious and stimulates the children’s appetite. Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练 (应用文写作之道歉信) 1．我写信是想告诉你，星期六我不能陪你去书店了。(accompany) I’m writing to tell you that I can’t accompany you to the bookstore on Saturday. 2．我爷爷生病了，我不得不在医院里照顾他，这是我没预料到的。(expectation) My grandfather falls ill and I have to look after him in the hospital，which is beyond my expectations. 3．我很抱歉，这个改变可能会让你感到沮丧。(upset) I’m sorry that the change may upset you. 4．如果你适合下周末去书店的话，我将不胜感激。(suitable) I would appreciate it if you are suitable to go to the bookstore next weekend. 5．请接受我真诚的道歉。我保证我不会再让你失望了。(guarantee) Please accept my sincere apology.I guarantee that I will not let you down again. Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练 教材续写语料 1．情感描写 pleasant adj.令人愉快的，可喜的；友好的，和善的 sorrow n．悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 distant adj.遥远的，远处的，久远的；冷淡的；远亲的 unusual adj.特别的，不寻常的；独特的，与众不同的 expectation n．希望，盼望；预料，预期；期望，指望 upset adj.难过的，失望的 vt.使烦恼；搅乱；打翻 desperate adj.绝望的；不惜冒险的；极其需要的；极严重的 uplifting adj.令人振奋的，鼓舞人心的 ease n．容易，轻易；舒适，安逸 vi.& vt.(使)宽慰，减轻 genius n．天赋，天资；天才 2．动作描写 weep vi.& vt.哭泣，流泪 stare vi.盯着看，凝视，注视 accompany vt.陪同，陪伴；伴随，与……同时发生；为……伴奏 stream vi.& vt.鱼贯而行，涌动；流，流动 abandon vt.中止，放弃，不再有；抛弃；舍弃 whisper vi.& vt.耳语，低语；私下说；沙沙作响 3．环境描写 rural adj.乡村的，农村的 surroundings n．周围，环境 breeze n．微风，和风 breath n．呼吸的空气；一次吸入的空气；微量；迹象 续写语料运用 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 一群来自农村的学生涌入学校大厅。他们急切地想观看一场不寻常的表演。据说表演者是个音乐小天才。在舞台上，她的老师用钢琴为她伴奏。一切都进展顺利。突然，出乎意料地她停了下来。看着观众疑惑的表情，她很沮丧，几乎要哭了。有些观众出于同情地盯着她看。有些甚至开始互相低语说：“她可能会放弃表演。”但出乎预料，音乐很快就响了起来。她又开始沉浸在自己的表演中了，这是很令人振奋的。最终，她赢得了雷鸣般的掌声。 A crowd of students from rural areas streamed into the school hall.They were desperate to watch an unusual performance. It was said that the performer was a music genius.On the stage，her teacher accompanied her at the piano.All went well. All of a sudden，she stopped unexpectedly.Seeing the puzzled look on audience’s face，she was upset，and nearly wept.Some of them stared at her out of sympathy.Then，some even began whispering to each other，“She may abandon the performance.”But beyond their expectations，soon the music began.She became absorbed in her performance again，which was uplifting.Eventually，she earned thunderous applause. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$