必修第三册 Unit 1 Nature in the balance（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（译林版 湘苏皖）

Ⅰ.认阅读单词 1．ecosystem n．生态系统 2．biodiversity n．生物多样性 3．brazil nut巴西坚果 4．water lily睡莲 5．hardwood n．阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材) 6．mammal n．哺乳动物 7．microorganism n．微生物 8．nutrient n．营养素，营养物 9．brochure n．小册子 10．shark n．鲨鱼 11．whale n．鲸 Ⅱ.记重点单词 1．soil n．土壤；国土，领土，土地 2．overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外 3．region n．地区，区域；行政区 4．continent n．大陆，陆地，洲 5．million num.一百万；许多，大量 6．species n．(pl.species)种，物种 7．nut n．坚果 8．wildlife n．野生动植物，野生生物 9．beneath prep.在……下面，在……下方；配不上 10．mass n．大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 11．towering adj.高大的，高耸的；出色的 12．living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n．生计，谋生；生活方式 13．frog n．蛙，青蛙 14．insect n．昆虫 15．carbon n．碳 16．oxygen n．氧，氧气 17．cattle n．牛 18．impact n．影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击 19．damage vt.& n．损害，伤害，损坏，破坏 20．climate n．气候；倾向，风气 21．greenhouse n．温室，暖房 22．gas n．气体；煤气；汽油 23．drought n．旱灾，久旱 24．belt n．地带，地区；腰带；传送带 25．medal n．奖章，勋章 26．image n．形象；图像；意象 27．deer n．(pl.deer)鹿 28．track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n．足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 29．habitat n．生活环境，栖息地 30．nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不 31．dolphin n．海豚 32．resident n．居民，住户 33．chief n．首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的 34．committee n．委员会 35．smog n．雾霾，烟雾 36．protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n．抗议，反对 37．profit n．利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 38．process n．过程，进程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理 39．policy n．政策，方针；原则 40．branch n．(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支 41．strategy n．策略，行动计划；策划，部署 42．recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 43．subway n．地铁；地下人行道 44．former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的，从前的 45．official n．官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 46．poverty n．贫穷，贫困；贫乏 Ⅲ.知拓展单词 1．harm n．& vt.伤害，损害→harmful adj.有害的→harmless adj.无害的 2．length n．长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长→long adj.长的→lengthen v．加长 3．variety n．不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体→vary v．变化→various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的 4．survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难→survival n．幸存；生还→survivor n．幸存者 5．disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→disappearance n．消失→appear vi.出现 6．agriculture n．农业，农学→agricultural adj.农业的；农艺的 7．extinction n．灭绝，绝种→extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的 8．global adj.全球的；全面的→globe n．球体；地球 9．application n．应用，运用；申请→apply v．应用；申请；涂；有关；运用→applicant n．申请人 10．organization n．组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理→organize vt.组织→organizer n．组织者→organized adj.有组织的；有条理的 11．absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其→absolute adj.绝对的，完全的 12．entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地→entire adj.完全的 13．defence (AmE defense)n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白→defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的 14．economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→economical adj.节约的；经济的→economy n．经济→economist n．经济学家→economics n．经济学 15．poison vt.污染；毒死，毒害 n．毒物，毒药→poisonous adj.有毒的 16．chemical n．化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的→chemistry n．化学 →chemist n．化学家 17．consequence n．结果，后果；重要性→consequent adj.随之发生的→consequently adv.因此；结果 18．further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进→far adj.& adv.远的(地)→farther adj.& adv.更远的/地→furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地 1．deadline n．最后期限，截止日期 2．decade n．十年 3．decline vt.& vi.婉拒；衰落；减弱 4．decrease vi.减少 5．deliberately adv.故意地 6．delighted adj.高兴的，快乐的 7．deserve vt.应受(报答或惩罚)；值得 8．dignity n．尊严；高贵 9．dilemma n．进退两难的困境 10．diploma n．毕业文凭；学位证书 Ⅳ.背核心短语 1．in turn相应地，转而；轮流，依次 2．break down使分解(为)，使变化(成) 3．breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力 4．due to由于，因为 5．build up逐渐增加，扩大 6．come up with想出，想到 7．call for(公开)要求；需要 8．spring to mind突然记起(或想到) 9．get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 10．give rise to使发生(或存在)；引起 11．play a role in...在……中起重要作用；扮演重要角色 12．in length在长度上 13．a variety of各种各样的 14．be made up of由……组成 15．sign up 报名 16．in defence of保护；为……做解释或辩护 Ⅴ.悟经典句式 1．With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.(倍数表达法) 亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 2．The Amazon River，from which the rainforest gets its name，is close to 6,400 kilometres in length...(“介词＋which” 引导定语从句) 亚马孙雨林得名于亚马孙河，亚马孙河长接近6 400千米…… 3．Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor.(完全倒装) 在那上面是阴暗森林地表厚实的落叶层。 4．While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.(while 引导让步状语从句) 尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一环。 5．Some call for the application of modern technology，and others a change of lifestyle. (省略) 一些人呼吁应用现代技术，另一些人呼吁改变生活方式。 6．As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals.(so＋助动词＋主语) 随着人口的持续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。 7．We’ve been taking various measures，including the use of new technologies，to reduce pollution in the production process，even though these measures raise our production costs.(even though引导让步状语从句) 我们一直在采取各种各样的措施，包括新科技手段的运用，来减少生产过程中产生的污染，尽管这些措施会增加我们的生产成本。 请先从表格中选用本单元所学词汇完成下列短文，然后核对答案并背诵该短文。 Tom joined an environmental protection organization as a volunteer.Soon he was sent to work.After arriving at the continent，he started to study a 1.variety of wildlife in some regions.He learned that there used to be masses of species there，but later many 2.disappeared. Two factors led to the results.One was bad climate.The other was human beings.It was human activities that 3.damaged the habitats of some animals.Besides，some farmers poisoned many animals while using 4.chemicals.Some even tracked and killed animals to make a profit.In defence of the animals close to extinction，Tom determined to do something to prevent them from 5.harming the animals.He gave out some brochures among the residents.Slowly，they realized what they did was wrong and had a bad 6.impact on animals.In turn，they themselves also suffered a lot.To help local people 7.get rid of poverty，he came up with some 8.strategies.As a consequence，he earned all the residents’ respect. 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇 harm n．& vt.伤害，损害 (harmful adj.有害的；造成损害的 harmless adj.无害的；无恶意的) •do harm to sb＝do sb harm伤害某人 There is no harm in doing...做……无害处。 •be harmful to对……有害 (1)Cellphones take up our precious time，and they do great harm to our health as well. (2)The burning plastic gives off poisonous gases，which are harmful(harm) to our health. (3)They don’t usually employ untrained workers，but it doesn’t do any harm to try your fortune. →They don’t usually employ untrained workers，but there’s no harm in trying your fortune. variety n．不同种类；变化；多样性；变种，变体[vary vi.(根据情况)变化；改变 various adj.各种不同的，各种各样的] •a variety of＝varieties of各种各样的 •vary from...to...在……到……之间变化；从……到……不等 vary in sth 在某方面不同 vary with/by...随……而变化 (1)In our daily life，we will come across various(vary) difficulties，but we should try to break them down. (2)As in China，the climate in Canada varies with/by the area. (3)我有许多爱好，从打篮球到弹钢琴不等。(话题写作之个人生活) ①I have a number of hobbies，varying from playing basketball to playing the piano.(非谓语动词) ②I have a number of hobbies，which vary from playing basketball to playing the piano.(定语从句) survive vi.& vt.生存；挺过(难关)；幸免；幸存；活下来；生还；比……活得长(survivor n．幸存者 survival n．幸存；生还) •survive sth 幸免于；从……中活过来 survive on靠……存活下来 A survive B(by＋时间)A比B多活…… •survive本身已表示“幸存；幸免于”，因而不要在其宾语前加多余的in或from。 (1)Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe，surviving entirely on discarded(丢弃的) food. (2)It is necessary that we master some basic skills，which will greatly increase our chances of survival.Luckily，I survived the terrible car crash last week and I was the only survivor of the accident.(survive) (3)生活不在于如何从暴风雨中幸存，而在于学会在雨中翩翩起舞。(读后续写之升华句) Life isn’t about how to survive the storm while it’s about learning to dance in the rain. application n．应用；运用；申请 (apply vt.申请；应用；运用；涂；敷；努力学习 applicant n．申请人) apply (to sb) for sth (向某人)申请某物 apply...to...把……应用于…… apply oneself to致力于/集中精力于……(to为介词) (1)After applying a little ointment to his hand，Jeff soon applied himself(he) to cleaning up the kitchen.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写) (2)我写信申请你们在昨天的报纸上提供的职位。(应用文写作之申请信) I’m writing to apply for the position you offered in yesterday’s newspaper. (3)如果您能考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。(应用文写作之申请信) I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration/account. defence n．辩护；防御；防御物；保护；国防；防守(defend vt.防御；保护，保卫；辩白；辩护 defensive adj.防御性的；自我保护的) •in defence of保卫……；为……做解释或辩护 •defend sb/sth from/against sb/(doing) sth 保护某人/物免受伤害；保卫某人/物 (1)Local government set up some natural reserves in defence of animals close to extinction. (2)Body language can give away a lot about your mood，so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive(defend)． (3)我和妻子用胡椒喷雾(pepper spray)保护我们自己不受北极熊的攻击。 (2020·浙江6月，读后续写) My wife and I used pepper spray to defend ourselves from/against being attacked by the polar bear. consequence n．后果，结果；重要性 (consequent adj.随之发生的 consequently adv.因此；结果) as a consequence (＝in consequence＝as a result)结果，因此 as a consequence of (＝as a result of)由于 in consequence＝consequently adv.因此；结果 (1)Human beings damaged the habitats of animals，tracked and killed them. Consequently(consequence)，the ecosystem was destroyed. →Human beings damaged the habitats of animals，tracked and killed them.In consequence，the ecosystem was destroyed. (2)The plan lacked support from the government.As a consequence，it broke down soon. →As a consequence/result of the lack of support from the government，the plan broke down soon. in turn相应地，转而；轮流，依次 by turns轮流 take turns to do...轮流做…… It is one’s turn to do sth 轮到某人做某事。 Some student representatives took turns to deliver a speech at the coming-of-age ceremony.Finally，it was my turn.Personally，in the past it was our parents and teachers that helped us in many aspects and in turn，we will give a helping hand to them from now on.(用turn短语的正确形式填空) (改编自2020·天津，书面表达) due to由于，因为 be due to do sth 预定/预期做某事 be due to sb 应付给/给予某人 be due for sth 应有某物；应得到某物 (1)The honour is mainly due to you.But for your help and professional instruction，we couldn’t have done so brilliantly.(2020·浙江6月) (2)The official is due for promotion soon for his great contributions to this region in many aspects. (3)It has been claimed that the meeting isn’t due to start(start) until three. (4)我想我之所以长寿而且精力充沛，一定是因为我拥有健康的生活方式。 I think my long and active life must be due to the healthy lifestyle I have. come up with想出，想到；拿出；提出 come across (偶然)遇见，碰见；被理解 come about发生(无被动形式) come on加油；到来；得了吧 come out出版；结果是；(花)开放 come up走近；上来；被提出 when it comes to...当谈及…… 用come的相关短语/句式填空 (1)Please tell me further how it came about that the dinosaur disappeared. (2)My former colleague’s first novel came out，which made me proud of him. (3)When it comes to English learning，I have the following practical suggestions to share.Firstly，when you come across unfamiliar words，don’t always refer to the dictionary.Furthermore，when teachers’ questions come up in class，you should try to come up with answers.Lastly，if you fail，you must say to yourself “Come on！”(应用文写作之建议信) 倍数表达法　With an area of around 6 million square kilometres，the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China.亚马孙雨林的面积约为600万平方千米，比中国国土面积的一半还要大。 常见的倍数表达法有： A＋be＋倍数＋the＋名词(size/weight/length...)＋of＋B A＋倍数＋what从句 A＋be＋倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋B A＋be＋倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than＋B (1)The population in our region is three times what it was 20 years ago. (2)这部短片讲述了我们学校的发展。现在，我们新学校的面积是10年前的三倍大。 ①The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times as large as what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级＋as) ②The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times larger than what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋adj./adv.比较级) ③The short film tells about the development of our school.Now our new school is three times the size of what it was ten years ago.(倍数＋the＋名词＋of) while引导的从句　While a significant number of jaguars survive here，they are only one element of this forest’s food chain.尽管相当多的美洲豹在这里生存，但它们只是这个雨林食物链的一环。 while的用法： •while意为“虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句(从句常置于句首)，表示转折。 •while意为“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。 •while意为“然而；可是”，用作并列连词，表示前后分句的对比。 •while用作名词，常与a连用，意为“一会儿，一段时间”。 (1)参观这个展览的时候，我们不仅能欣赏到民间艺术品，而且还可以了解它们的制作过程。 While visiting this exhibition，we will not only enjoy the folk art works but also learn the process of making them.(省略句) (2)尽管我们不能预测未来会发生什么，但我们可以用决心和爱来指引我们。(读后续写之升华句) While we can’t predict what will happen in the future，we can guide ourselves with determination and love. (3)我们中的一些人负责摘苹果，而另一些人将它们打包。(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达) Some of us were responsible for picking apples，while the others packed them. (4)过了一会儿，她为自己一开始的行为表示道歉。(2020·全国Ⅲ) After a while，she apologized for the way she behaved at the beginning. 1．Giant pandas also serve as an umbrella species，bringing protection to a host of plants and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.(2022·新高考全国Ⅰ) 大熊猫也是一种充当了保护伞似的物种，为中国西南部和西北部的许多动植物带来了保护。 2．When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America，the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ) 当探险家们第一次踏上北美大陆时，天空和陆地上都充满了惊人的种类繁多的野生生物。 3．But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I survived.(2021·浙江1月) 但是我知道不管生活中要面对什么，我都直面面对，而且挺了过来。 4．Some time after 10,000 BC，people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived in，through agriculture.(2020·浙江7月) 公元前1万年之后的某一段时间，人们第一次真正试图通过农业来控制他们所生活的世界。 5．After becoming an important part of many British streets，the phone boxes began disappearing in the 1980s，with the rise of the mobile phone sending most of them away to the junkyards. (2020·江苏) 在成为众多英国街道的重要组成部分后，电话亭在20世纪80年代开始消失，因手机的兴起，大部分的电话亭都被扔到了垃圾场。 提示：题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇 Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．break down (1)He broke down and wept when he heard the news. D (2)Getting young people together will help to break down the barriers between them. E (3)Talks between the two sides had broken down，which made us disappointed. C (4)Her health broke down under the pressure of work. B (5)Chemicals in the body break down our food into useful substances. A 2．track (1)It takes me only a few minutes to walk to school down a muddy track. B (2)We saw wild animals’ tracks near the cave.We guessed they may be deer’s. A (3)The research project involves tracking the careers of 400 graduates. D (4)The teacher asked them to run five times round the track as punishment. C 3．belt (1)Our roles in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt.Attach icing(糖霜) ears.Apply icing eyes and nose. C (2)A belt of trees grows between the two fields，which looks beautiful. A (3)I was upset that the belt I just bought couldn’t meet round my waist. B 4．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)Brazil began importing soybeans(大豆) to process at home.v.加工 (2)Representatives of the other branches were against the new strategy.政府部门 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．The topic he came up with at the meeting caused a heated discussion. 2．We should take some specific measures to defend the soil from being washed(wash) away. 3．If he couldn’t draw on this clue to find his way out of the forest，there would be little chance of survival/surviving(survive)． 4．If you want to make some achievements in literature，you must apply yourself to it. 5．Plenty of habitats of wild animals were destroyed.As a consequence，most of them disappeared. 6．Excellent performances on the stage call for confidence and unique professional skills. 7．The sports meeting，originally due to be held(hold) last Friday，was finally delayed because of the bad weather. 8．They are twin sisters.Lucy is generous，while her elder sister Lily is extremely mean. 9．A wide variety(vary) of measures should be taken to protect the wild animals，animals close to extinction in particular. 10．We ought to raise awareness of the danger of pollution and its harmful(harm) effects on humans and on the world’s lakes and oceans. Ⅰ.单句写作——应用文增分练 (话题写作之人与环境) 1．众所周知，众多的人类活动对我们的家园——地球，造成了巨大的危害。(harm) It is well known that a great many human activities have done great harm to our home—Earth. 2．由于温室气体排放量的增加，大气变得越来越暖。(consequence) The atmosphere is becoming warmer and warmer as a consequence of the increasing emission of greenhouse gases. 3．所有这些反过来又会损害我们人类，如越来越多的自然灾害和罕见的疾病。(in turn) All of these in turn will damage us human beings，such as more and more natural disasters and rare diseases. 4．是时候采取各种方法来保护地球免受污染了。(various) It’s time that we took/should take various methods to protect the earth from pollution. 5．请牢记重建我们绿色、清洁的地球需要我们每个人的努力和贡献。(call for) Keep in mind that rebuilding our green and clean earth calls for everyone’s efforts and contributions. Ⅱ.微型写作——续写提能练 教材续写语料 1．环境描写 hardwood n．阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材) jaguar n．美洲豹，美洲虎 track n．足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线 consequence n．结果，后果；重要性 2．动作描写 defence (AmE defense) n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守→defend vt.保护；防御；辩白 survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 come up with想出，想到 call for (公开)要求；需要 spring to mind突然记起(或想到) 续写语料运用 请从以上语料中选择合适的词汇，完成以下语段。然后核对答案并背诵该语段。 当我和我的朋友马克(Mac)正在长满阔叶树的丛林里走着时，我们看到一只美洲虎向我们走来。我吓得瑟瑟发抖，一生中从未这么害怕过。过了一会儿，马克想出了一个好主意。他从包里拿出一些饼干，撕开包装，把它们朝四面八方扔了出去。结果，美洲虎没有再追我们而是朝食物的方向走去了。我们沿着猎人的足迹走出了森林。我从这次经历中吸取了教训，那就是，面对危险我们应该冷静和勇敢。 My friend Mac and I were walking in the jungle full of hardwoods when we saw a jaguar walking towards us.Shaking like a leaf，I had never been so scared in all my life.After a while，a good idea sprang to Mac’s mind.He took out some biscuits from his bag，tore the packages，and threw them away in all directions.As a consequence，the jaguar didn’t chase after us.Instead，he walked towards the food.We followed the hunter’s tracks，walking out of the forest.I learned a lesson from this experience that when facing danger we should be calm and brave. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$