主题三 语境33 自然科学研究成果（高考题型组合练）（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（话题版 辽鲁琼京津闽渝鄂粤冀湘苏浙黑吉皖甘赣贵桂晋云豫新）

语境33　自然科学研究成果 高考题型组合练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·安徽江淮十校联考) It was a stormy evening，and all that Neil could hope was to find a shelter that could keep him protected from the chilly wind and cold rain.After work he had to get home on time，as his busy schedule was preventing him from spending quality time with his family.The bus stop on the way provided temporary shelter，where Neil was becoming increasingly agitated(焦虑不安的) with every passing minute.All his evening plans were washed out. “Sir，why don’t you buy a pack of groundnuts(花生) from me？” Neil looked around to see a man in rags standing by his side.“Oh，no，I’m not interested right now.” “Fried groundnuts will do you a world of good now.Moreover，you can also take some for your family.” The very mention of family brought a concern to Neil.His wife had specifically told him to come home early，if not for her sake，at least for the sake of their seven-year-old son. When he was lost in thought，the groundnut seller had filled a bag with the remaining nuts and offered him an unexpectedly low price.But，Neil refused to buy them：“I do not want to buy anything at this point！” Suddenly，he heard a voice of a kid.“Dad，I want some money to buy books for the school.” He saw a ten-year-old boy，totally drenched from top to bottom，as though he had just run a race.He was talking to the groundnut seller.“Yes，yes，I’m ready to leave now.Come! How many books do you want？Why did you get wet in the rain？Your mother must be getting worried.” Neil turned to the seller.There was an instant when they both made the perfect eye contact.Neil had the look of what it is to be a father.The groundnut seller did not say anything and gave the packet of groundnuts without saying a word.Neil pulled a note from his wallet，placed it in the man’s hand，and walked away without waiting for the change. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述Neil因为大雨无法及时赶回家与家人共度美好时光而郁闷，躲雨时被花生小贩同为父亲的责任感所感动。 1．Why did Neil become more anxious at the bus stop? A．The rain stopped him from getting home on time. B．The chilly wind made him feel colder and colder. C．He thought of his boring and heavy work. D．He couldn’t find a good place to keep off the rain. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“After work he had to get home on time，as his busy schedule was preventing him from spending quality time with his family.”以及“All his evening plans were washed out.”可知，他在公交车站感到焦虑的原因是大雨使他不能按时回家与家人团聚。故选A。 2．Why didn’t Neil buy the man’s groundnuts at first? A．He didn’t have enough money on him. B．His family doesn’t like groundnuts. C．He was in a bad mood at that time. D．His family was a little poor. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段中的“The bus stop on the way provided temporary shelter，where Neil was becoming increasingly agitated(焦虑不安的) with every passing minute.All his evening plans were washed out.”可知，此时他心情很糟糕，因此没有心情买花生。故选C。 3．What does the underlined word “drenched” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A．Wet through. B．Very excited. C．Well dressed. D．Sweat heavily. 答案　A 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Suddenly，he heard a voice of a kid.”以及“Why did you get wet in the rain？”可知，小男孩全身上下都湿透了，所以画线词意为“湿透了”。故选A。 4．What made Neil buy all the seller’s groundnuts? A．The seller’s generous action. B．His having a pity for the seller. C．The seller’s greatness as a father. D．His being moved by the seller’s son. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Neil turned to the seller.There was an instant when they both made the perfect eye contact.Neil had the look of what it is to be a father.”可知，Neil被花生小贩同为父亲的责任感所感动。故选C。 B Studying the DNA of 300 mice has flagged up(引起对……的关注) genes which have been linked to hereditary(遗传的) sight loss for the first time.Researchers say because mice’s genes are so similar to humans’，their findings could lead to the treatment of more genetic diseases. Scientists at the University of California，Davis studied information from a data bank of mice’s genetic material.They found 347 genes linked to eye problems，with just 86 of them having been studied in the past. Only around 50 to 75 percent of hereditary eye diseases in human can be explained with present science.The researchers believe these hundreds of new genes found in mice could be a key to explaining—and therefore being able to treat the other 25－50 percent. “This is extremely valuable for people with hereditary eye disease，” said researcher Professor Ala Moshiri.“All researchers are going to start using these data.In the past，we knew the problem was there but we didn’t know where to look.Now eye centers can call back patients and screen them for these new genes.We expected that more and more of these genetic diseases will be treatable.” Also，the fact is that more than 60 percent of eye problems at birth are ones resulting from the baby’s parents! Thanks to data from the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium(IMPC)，which is trying to work out what every single gene in a mouse is responsible for，with the aim of translating it to humans，scientists are moving closer to figuring out all genetic causes of blindness.To do this，scientists separate a single gene from other ones at a time and then observe what effect it has on the mouse for a long time.This has so far been done more than 7,000 times and has achieved great success.Researchers are now working alongside eye care centers in Texas and Iowa in order to compare the mice’s genes to those of patients. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。加州大学戴维斯分校的科学家们研究发现：在老鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释人类遗传性眼部疾病的关键。 5．How many hereditary-sight-loss-related genes were newly found? A．86. B．261. C．300. D．347. 答案　B 解析　数字计算题。根据第二段中的“They found 347 genes linked to eye problems，with just 86 of them having been studied in the past.”可知，新发现与遗传性失明相关的基因有：347－86＝261个。故选B。 6．Why is the percentage of genetic eye problems mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To show the significance of studying mice’s genes. B．To prove mice’s genes are similar to humans’． C．To warn the high risk level of suffering them. D．To explain how common they are among people. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可推知，第三段提到遗传性眼睛疾病的百分比是为了表明研究老鼠基因的重要性。故选A。 7．What should scientists do first to unlock secrets of genetic blindness? A．Compare humans’ genes with mice’s. B．Recognize each gene’s role of humans. C．Set apart a gene of a mouse each time. D．Figure out each gene’s function of a mouse. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“To do this，scientists separate a single gene from other ones at a time and then observe what effect it has on the mouse for a long time.”可知，为了解开基因性失明的秘密，科学家首先应该每次从老鼠身上分离出一个基因。故选C。 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．New Ways to Cure Sight Loss B．Genetic Diseases Discovered in Mice C．Genes Found Behind Eye Problems D．Humans’ Genes Causing Eye Diseases 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。根据文章主要内容：科学家在小白鼠身上发现的数百种新基因可能是解释人类遗传性眼部疾病的关键。因此推断研究老鼠的基因有助于揭秘人类的眼睛疾病的起因。C项“眼睛问题背后发现的基因”为最佳标题。故选C。 C A native of Florida，U.S.，Hannah Herbst,17，uses water power to deal with energy poverty.Herbst has risen to fame with the development of BEACON，an ocean energy probe(探测器) that seeks to offer a stable power source to developing countries by using untapped energy from ocean currents. She told Teen Vogue，“I was really involved in theater and athletics and I’m still really into those things.When I was in the seventh grade，I was put into a summer camp.The minute I got there I realized that I was the only girl in the program.I wanted to quit at that moment.But my dad told me，‘Just try it.’ I tried it for that day and it changed my life.” “At the camp，we started building the robots，which is something I had never done before but many of the boys had，and I realized it was a platform for problem-solving.We were solving simple tasks like how to push a robot off a platform.Learning from my partners as well as online articles about how to program and build was really interesting to me，” said Herbst. Later that year，she received a letter from her pen pal，Ruth，who lives in Ethiopia，and learned that she was living in energy poverty with minimal access to electricity and medical supplies.“I knew that I wanted to do something to help，so I created BEACON，” she said. The device is made from 90% recycled materials easily found throughout the world，including 2-liter bottles and recycled spoons.It costs $ 12 to make and can produce enough electricity to power an LED light.Hannah imagines BEACON being used in developing countries to power pumps for fresh water and she is working on polishing it to get it available to people all over the world. 语篇解读　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了汉娜·赫布斯特发明海洋能源探测器BEACON的原因、过程及其意义。 9．What advice does Herbst most likely give to teens by her camp experience? A．Quitting to gain more. B．Giving something a go. C．Developing various interests. D．Avoiding favorable conditions. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“But my dad told me，‘Just try it.’I tried it for that day and it changed my life.”可知，赫布斯特最有可能建议青少年勇敢尝试。故选B。 10．What kind of summer camp did Herbst join in the seventh grade? A．Athletic. B．Literature. C．Theater. D．Engineering. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“At the camp，we started building the robots...how to program and build...”可推知，赫布斯特在七年级时参加的是工程夏令营。故选D。 11．Which words can best describe Hannah Herbst? A．Energetic and kind. B．Helpful and creative. C．Generous and modest. D．Careful and adventurous. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据文章第一段中的“Hannah Herbst,17，uses water power to deal with energy poverty”和倒数第二段中的“I knew that I wanted to do something to help，so I created BEACON”可知，汉娜·赫布斯特是乐于助人且富有创造力的。故选B。 12．What can we know about BEACON? A．It is a powerful LED light. B．It’s made without any cost. C．Its materials are accessible. D．It has been put on the market. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“The device is made from 90% recycled materials easily found throughout the world”可推知，BEACON所需的材料是容易得到的。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 By 2025，water shortage will be a big problem for about 1.8 billion people.In a world where water resource is increasingly short，nations cannot afford to waste it. 1 After we use water in our homes and businesses，it is washed away，taking many valuable resources with it. Waste water is rich in carbon and nutrients. 2 A number of nations and major cities have already built waste water treatment plants.They can effectively recover nutrients and bio-energy，and produce “new water” that can be reused.But more than 80% of all waste water still currently flows into natural ecosystems，polluting the environment and taking valuable nutrients and other recoverable materials with it. 3 This is still better than the situation in smaller cities.In Latin American countries，those living in small and medium-sized cities at most treat it in the form of septic tanks(化粪池) that lack regular and proper maintenance. Imagine that outside one of these small cities lies a lovely piece of land：on the surface it is aesthetically(美学地) built and provides habitats for local wildlife.Beneath the surface is wetland that treats waste water and produces energy. The energy produced saved families from having to use firewood collected in the wild.This is not a dream project. 4 A team of scientists have been looking into the potential of the constructed wetland environments.Having analyzed 800 examples of biomass in more than 200 countries，they found that，depending on climate and the type of plant used in the construction of this type of wetland，up to 45 hectares of land could be irrigated with waste water. 5 A．This can provide ready access to clean water. B．But that is exactly what we do. C．A constructed wetland environment is already in practice on a small scale. D．There is no longer any good reason to waste any type of water. E．If collected and treated properly，it could provide “new water”，fertilizer，and energy. F．This would reduce the need for fresh water for irrigation and energy for pumping. G．Although waste water systems in large cities are effective，the whole procedure usually costs much. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。废水中含有丰富的碳和营养物质，如果收集和处理得当，它可以提供“新的水”、肥料和能源。 1．答案　B 解析　根据上文“在水资源日益短缺的世界上，各国都浪费不起水资源”，下文“在我们的家庭和企业使用水之后，它被冲走了，带走了许多宝贵的资源”可知，B项(但这正是我们所做的)能够承接上下文，符合语境。故选B。 2．答案　E 解析　根据上文“废水中含有丰富的碳和营养物质”可知，E项(如果收集和处理得当，它可以提供“新的水”、肥料和能源)能够承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 3．答案　G 解析　根据下文“这仍然比小城市的情况要好”可知，此处应是在介绍大城市的情况，G项(虽然大城市的废水处理系统是有效的，但是整个过程通常花费很多)符合语境。故选G。 4．答案　C 解析　根据下文“一组科学家一直在研究人工湿地环境的潜力”可知，C项(人工湿地环境已经在小规模的实践中得到应用)符合语境，其中constructed wetland environment是对应词组。故选C。 5．答案　F 解析　根据上文“在分析了200多个国家的800个生物质样本后，他们发现，根据气候和这种类型的湿地建设中使用的植物类型，多达45公顷的土地可以用废水灌溉”可知，F项(这将减少灌溉所需的淡水和抽水所需的能源)符合语境，其中irrigation对应原文中的irrigated。故选F。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$