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语境23　物质与非物质文化遗产 高考题型组合练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Alex Elman runs a big business—something hard to imagine after she lost her sight in her twenties.But Elman says that losing her sight helped her focus on finding success. Elman’s father planted a hillside vineyard in Western Massachusetts in 1981.It’s where Elman fled during the darkest period of her life.When she was 27 years old，she went blind due to complications from juvenile diabetes(青少年糖尿病) 17 years ago.She recalled，“I hid in my home.I hid in the place，to me，that was the safest place in the world.” Elman is now the founder of Alex Elman Wines，a growing collection of organic wines from all around the world：Chianti from Italy，Torrontes from Argentina.Elman doesn’t work alone.Her assistant，a guide dog named Hanley，is something of a wine taster，and quite a beggar.Hanley travels to all of the wineries that Elman does，from South America to Europe. At first，Elman resisted the idea of a seeing-eye dog.Now it’s hard to imagine her life，or her business，without him.She said，“When someone tells me something is organic and I don’t really believe it because I taste something funny on it，I’ll put it in front of his face and if he likes the wine，he’ll actually go in and sniff it.If it’s not right，he’ll turn his head away...He gets in the dirt with me.He scratches around.He makes sure that we see earthworms and butterflies.That’s how we know that the soil is actually organic and there are no chemicals.” Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift.She said，“It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important and also to be able to teach people that the broken hang nail is not a big deal，you know what I mean? Don’t sweat the small stuff.Don’t sweat the big stuff either.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章叙述了亚历克斯·埃尔曼虽然失明，但仍然凭借自己的努力获得成功的故事。 1．What can we know about Elman from paragraph 2? A．She suffered from juvenile diabetes from 27 years old. B．She liked playing hide-and-seek during her childhood. C．She lost her sight while helping with farm work in 1981. D．She got through her hard days in the vineyard. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“It’s where Elman fled during the darkest period of her life.”和“I hid in the place，to me，that was the safest place in the world.”可知，埃尔曼在葡萄园度过了艰难的日子。故选D。 2．What would Elman do when she couldn’t judge the wine exactly? A．She would make Hanley go in and sniff it. B．She would order Hanley to drink it. C．She would turn to Hanley for advice. D．She would have another taste herself. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段关键句“...I’ll put it in front of his face and if he likes the wine，he’ll actually go in and sniff it.If it’s not right，he’ll turn his head away...”可知，如果埃尔曼不能准确判断葡萄酒，她会向汉利寻求建议。故选C。 3．What do the underlined words “the broken hang nail” in the last paragraph refer to? A．A nail which is of no use. B．A task that it’s hard to accomplish. C．A disadvantage you have in your life. D．A person who is hard to deal with. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据最后一段关键句“Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift.”和“It allowed me to pay attention to what I thought was important”可知，在埃尔曼看来，人生中的缺陷是一份礼物，因为它让人们能够关注自己认为重要的事情，故画线词表示“劣势，缺陷”。故选C。 4．According to the passage，which of the following will Elman most probably agree with? A．When life gives you lemons，make lemonade. B．The eye is blind if the mind is absent. C．A single tree does not make a forest. D．There is no royal road to success. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Elman told CBS News she believes the loss of her vision was a gift.”可知，在埃尔曼看来，人生中的缺陷是一份礼物。“When life gives you lemons，make lemonade.”寓意为“遇到困境不退缩，逆流而上，苦中作乐，看到生活中阳光的一面”，符合埃尔曼的人生观。故选A。 B Organic farms use no man-made chemicals to increase crops or control insects and disease and organic fields produce fewer crops，on average，than other fields.However，agricultural scientists in Switzerland have displayed the long-term effect of organic farming methods，that is，the organic methods improved the health of the soil and used half as much energy. The Swiss scientists compared the effects of organic and traditional farming methods over a period of more than twenty years.They grew crops on four fields of land in Switzerland.Two fields were grown using traditional farming methods.The others were grown using organic farming methods.The crops and soils were similar in all the fields studied. The study found that the organic fields produced about 20% fewer crops than the other fields.However，the farmers used less fertilizer(化肥) and energy on the organic fields.They found the organic fields were healthier. The scientists say the organic fields have more nutrients in the soils.The soils in the organic fields also have more biological activity than the other fields.The organic fields have more helpful organisms and a larger number of different organisms.The organic fields have almost two times as many insects，including helpful insects.In traditional farming，chemicals designed to kill harmful insects also kill helpful ones. The researchers say the findings show that organic crop production rates change little over time，and that soil fertility increases.They say the findings suggest that organic farms can help the environment by increasing soil fertility. Organic farming is becoming increasingly popular in some countries.Many people believe that eating organic food is more healthful than eating food grown with chemicals.Some people are willing to pay more money to buy organic food. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。科学家通过实验得出结论：有机农场更有利于人类健康和环境。 5．In what way do the researchers carry out the experiment? A．By selecting the best seeds. B．By applying different methods. C．By using the latest technology. D．By planting crops in special soils. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段内容，尤其是“Two fields were grown using traditional farming methods.The others were grown using organic farming methods.”可知，科学家们进行实验是通过使用不同的耕作方法种植，通过比较来得出结果的。故选B。 6．What does the study show about the organic methods? A．They have more output than other fields. B．They use more energy than traditional ones. C．They benefit human health and nature. D．They can control diseases without using chemicals. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段末句和倒数第二段末句可知，这项研究表明了有机耕种方法有益于人类健康和自然。故选C。 7．What does paragraph 4 mainly talk about concerning organic fields? A．Its shortage. B．Its products. C．Its application. D．Its strengths. 答案　D 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段中的“the organic fields have more nutrients in the soils...have almost two times as many insects，including helpful insects”可知，有机农田的优点在于其养分更多、生物活性更高、有益微生物更多、昆虫(包括有益昆虫)数量更多，所以本段主要谈论了有机农田的优点。故选D。 8．What can we infer from the text? A．Organic farming is environment-friendly. B．No insects exist in organic fields. C．People can’t afford organic food at present. D．Organic crop production rates increase rapidly. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“organic farms can help the environment by increasing soil fertility”可知，有机农业是比较环保的。故选A。 C What if our city streets could act like forests and reduce pollution? Thanks to scientific innovation，roads treated with a new pavement technology can now eat smog and help keep cities cool.Since there is little room for forests in urban areas，where air pollution actually occurs，Pavement Technology Inc.(PTI)，together with researchers from Louisiana State University，came up with an asphalt spray(沥青喷雾) called A．R.A.-1 Ti. The spray’s exact composition hasn’t been revealed，but it is known to be based on titanium oxide(二氧化钛)，a component contained in many sunscreens on the market.When ultraviolet rays(紫外线) from the sun activate this chemical substance，light and heat are absorbed and moved apart.Through a chemical process，titanium oxide also breaks down poisonous substances in the air.“In good conditions，we can achieve a 60% reduction，” said Michael Durante，PTI’s vice president of finance and strategic planning.But the spray is not only meant to address overheating and to remove harmful gases produced by cars.It can also make aging asphalt stronger，preventing breaks generated by severe heat. These impressive characteristics have encouraged several cities in the US to try out the product.The success stories keep adding up.At Orlando International Airport，taxiway pavements that had been sprayed with the titanium dioxide-based composition have already managed to reduce nitrogen oxide(一氧化氮) rates by half.And in Charleston，the pavement treatment is being used in low-income neighborhoods that have many asphalt-coated roads. The company suggests that while heat shortens pavement life，their product’s components can extend it from five to ten years，which translates the pavements into sustainable roads.And although green spaces are still necessary and cannot be fully replaced due to their multiple environmental and health benefits，innovations like A．R.A.-1 Ti are extremely promising.We may expect to see the major benefits it can bring to public health，positively affecting the lives of billions living in urban areas worldwide. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。PTI公司与路易斯安那州立大学联合发明了一种名为A.R.A.­1 Ti 的沥青喷雾，这种新型路面喷雾可以帮助吸收、分散光和热，分解空气中的有害物质，像森林一样为城市降温、减少污染。 9．What is the function of the asphalt spray according to paragraph 1? A．To effectively protect forests. B．To relieve traffic jams in city streets. C．To reduce urban heat and air pollution. D．To detect the weather and road conditions. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thanks to scientific innovation，roads treated with a new pavement technology can now eat smog and help keep cities cool.”可知，新型路面喷雾有助于城市降温和改善空气污染。故选C。 10．What are examples in paragraph 3 mentioned for? A．To impress the importance of the invention. B．To prove the successful application of the spray. C．To emphasize the necessity of the road treatment. D．To show the increasing popularity of the product. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“These impressive characteristics have encouraged several cities in the US to try out the product.The success stories keep adding up.”以及下文的例子可知，第三段列举例子是为了证明喷雾的成功应用。故选B。 11．What is the author’s attitude towards the prospect of asphalt spray? A．Positive. B．Ambiguous. C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful. 答案　A 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段中的“We may expect to see the major benefits it can bring to public health，positively affecting the lives of billions living in urban areas worldwide.”可知，作者对沥青喷雾的发展前景持积极的(positive)态度。故选A。 12．Which could be the best title for the text? A．A Major Reform in Urban Construction B．Green Spaces：The Access to Public Health C．The Bright Prospect of the Pavement Technology D．A New Asphalt Spray：The Welfare to Urban Areas 答案　D 解析　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了一种新型沥青喷雾，包括其优势、工作原理、应用现状及其给城市带来的益处。D项可作文章最佳标题。故选D。 Ⅱ.七选五 Having a college roommate is most people’s first experience living with someone who is not related to them.It comes with both benefits and challenges. 1 You get an instant friend，someone to confide in and keep you company during your first time away from home.However，since many colleges randomly assign your first roommate，you also run the risk of being matched with someone you find challenging.Either way，here’s some good advice： Establish some rules 2 In this way，you and your roommate are clear on what to do to avoid conflict.Establish what space is whose，when you need quiet time to study，which items you can share，what time you go to bed，if you like to sleep in on weekends and who’s allowed to eat what in the refrigerator. Practice direct communication Practicing direct communication will help you in good times and bad.Dorm rooms are close quarters，so even if you get along with your roommate，there is bound to be a disagreement or two. 3 You can’t expect your roommate to be a mind reader，so if you get upset or frustrated，communicate it to your roommate right away. 4 You’ll find such way gets better reception and ultimately a better response than if you just attack or criticize. Compromise sometimes When it comes to doing chores around the room，listening to certain kinds of music，watching different TV shows and requesting privacy，compromise is key.If you give a little your roommate will give a little.Compromising does not refer to giving in to all of someone’s requests. 5 So，utilize positive communication，and talk through the things you and your roommate differ on until you can reach a compromise. A．Make your preferences known from the start. B．Instead，it means coming to a mutual agreement. C．Handle such conflicts with open communication. D．It refers to persuading others to accept your opinion. E．Use a respectful tone and choose your words carefully. F．In this situation，listening to your roommates is very important. G．Getting along with your roommate can enhance your college experience. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文阐述了拥有大学室友既有好处也有挑战，作者就如何与室友相处、避免发生冲突，给出了一些建议。 1．答案　G 解析　上一句阐述“拥有大学室友既有好处，又有挑战”的观点，下文说明“大学随机分配室友，你也会面临挑战”，由此推知该空可能阐述拥有大学室友的一个好处，因此，G项(与室友相处可以增强你的大学体验)切题，且该项中的“enhance your college experience”与上一句中的“benefits”相对应。故选G。 2．答案　A 解析　通读本段，尤其是本段小标题“Establish some rules”以及空后一句“In this way，you and your roommate are clear on what to do to avoid conflict.”可知，A项(从一开始就让室友知道你的偏好)切题，起到承上启下的作用，且该选项中的“known”与下一句中的“clear”相呼应。故选A。 3．答案　C 解析　由本段小标题“Practice direct communication”和空后一句“You can’t expect your roommate to be a mind reader，so if you get upset or frustrated，communicate it to your roommate right away.”可知，当与室友意见不一致的时候，要主动去沟通，因为你不能期望室友读懂你在想什么，因此，C项(以开放的沟通方式处理此类冲突)切题，且选项中的“communication”与本段小标题中的“communication”以及空后一句中的“communicate”相呼应。故选C。 4．答案　E 解析　根据上下文可知，E项(用尊重的语气，谨慎选择你要说的话)切题，该选项承上启下，顺承上一句提出的“沟通”，阐述应该用尊重的语气正确地沟通，承接下文句意，良好的沟通方式能得到更好的回应。故选E。 5．答案　B 解析　根据上下文可知，B项(相反，这意味着达成共同协议)切题，该选项与上一句构成转折关系，进一步阐述做出一些让步意味着达成协议，且该选项中的“a mutual agreement”与下一句中的“a compromise”相呼应。故选B。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$