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语境19　体育活动、大型体育赛事、体育与健康、体育精神 高考题型组合练 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A For recreation league athletes，there’s nothing worse than when one of your teammates drops out at the last minute.When a recreation league ice hockey(冰上曲棍球) team in Edmonton needed a goalie(守门员)，they got a save from an unlikely hero. Nelson Rego，who is 100% blind，plays blind ice hockey for the Edmonton “SeeHawks” and accidentally met another goalie，John Hunter，who was inquiring online about a chest protector.Later Hunter got injured，and trying to help his team find a goalie for a league game，he reached out on the Edmonton Goalies Facebook page. “Nelson calls me，and he starts out with，‘Hey，how’s the chest protector going？’” Hunter later shared about the remarkable story.“Then Nelson continues，‘By the way，I’m not sure if this is a good idea but I’ve learned that you’re looking for a goalie substitute for your league game tonight.What do you think about me playing？’” The team was “all in”，so Rego got ready for his first-ever sighted league match. According to the players，they didn’t tell the referee until the puck(冰球) drop that their goalie was blind—information with which he didn’t really know what to do. In an interview with CTV Edmonton，Rego explains he keeps himself centered in the goal by measuring the distance between the posts with his stick and his glove.After he uses sound to key into where the puck is and if it’s being challenged，all the while he follows verbal instructions from his loving wife Emelinda，in the stands telling the action. The game was by no means a washout for Rego，because even though Rego’s team lost，he hung in there and earned the respect and admiration of the team. This remarkable night is just one step in Rego’s hockey career and he wants to go further.Rego says，“If it’s something you want to do，just do it.It’s amazing to watch hockey，but it’s even better to play it.” 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一位盲人冰上曲棍球守门员争取到机会与有正常视力的队友进行了一场比赛的故事。 1．Why did Nelson Rego make a call to John Hunter? A．To apply to be a goalie substitute. B．To send him a nice chest protector. C．To invite him to an ice hockey game. D．To ask him to look for a sighted goalie. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“Then Nelson continues，‘By the way，I’m not sure if this is a good idea but I’ve learned that you’re looking for a goalie substitute for your league game tonight.What do you think about me playing？’”可知，Nelson Rego打电话给John Hunter是为了申请代替他成为当晚比赛的守门员。故选A。 2．What does Nelson Rego mainly explain in paragraph 6? A．His wife’s devotion to his job. B．How he plays as a blind goalie. C．His deep love for ice hockey. D．Why he dropped a puck in a game. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第六段的内容可知，Nelson Rego主要在解释身为盲人的他是如何当守门员的。故选B。 3．What does the underlined word “washout” in paragraph 7 probably mean? A．Gift. B．Fight. C．Change. D．Failure. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后“...because even though Rego’s team lost，he hung in there and earned the respect and admiration of the team.”可知，画线词所在句的意思是“这场比赛对于Rego来说绝对不是一场失败的比赛”。故选D。 4．Which of the following can best describe Nelson Rego? A．Helpful and modest. B．Polite and generous. C．Ambitious and active. D．Talented and hardworking. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，Nelson Rego希望自己在冰上曲棍球这项事业上取得更大的成就，而且他积极主动为自己争取参加比赛的机会。由此可推断，Nelson Rego是一个有抱负又积极主动的人。故选C。 B You improve your robot’s software by improving its software.Agrim Gupta of Stanford University，however，begs to differ.He thinks you can also improve a robot’s software by improving its hardware.He and his colleagues have invented a way of testing this idea. They brought to their robots，unimals，the principles of evolution(进化) by natural selection.Unimals，with globes for heads and sticks for arms and legs，are software beings interacting with a virtual environment.The environments where they wandered were in three varieties: flat grounds，grounds with hills and steps，and ones that had the complexities of the second sort，but with added objects. To begin with，the unimals were randomly assigned various shapes，but with identical software—derl.Newly-created unimals learned to face the challenges in a virtual boot camp.They were then entered into tournaments in groups.Each group winner was awarded one mutation(变异)—one extra arm or leg，or one extra turning in a joint.The new replaced the oldest unimal and then was assigned to a new group，and the process repeated.About 4,000 varieties of them underwent training. The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved.Crucially，though，the researchers found the most successful unimals learned tasks in half the time their oldest ancestors had taken，and that those evolving in the toughest grounds were the most successful. In this evolution of unimals’ morphology(形态) to promote the ability to learn，Dr Gupta sees a version of something called the Baldwin effect.In 1896 James Baldwin，a psychologist，argued that minds evolve to make the best use of the morphologies of the bodies.What Dr Gupta has shown，though in software，is that the opposite can also be true—changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work.Even though he held the software constant，it became more efficient at learning as the unimals’ bodies evolved. Whether that discovery can be turned to account in the way robots are developed remains to be seen.But the way of testing is certainly an out-of-the-box idea. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了斯坦福大学的阿格里姆·古普塔认为可以通过改进硬件来改进机器人的软件，他和他的同事们发明了一种方法来验证这个想法。 5．How was the test conducted? A．By promoting unimals’ learning. B．By adjusting the environments. C．By proving the evolution theory. D．By stimulating unimals’ mutation. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句可推知，这个试验是通过调整环境来进行的。故选B。 6．What turned out to be surprising in the test? A．The number of trained unimals. B．The decline in time for learning tasks. C．The variety of evolved shapes. D．The replacement of old unimals. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句“The team were surprised by the diversity of shapes that evolved.”可知，测试中令人惊讶的是进化出的各种形状。故选C。 7．What can be concluded from the test? A．Body changes better mind work. B．Mind evolution affects body shaping. C．Hardware changes do not impact software. D．The discovery is useful in robot development. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“changes in body morphology can improve the way minds work”可知，身体的变化会使大脑工作得更好。故选A。 8．What’s the author’s attitude to the finding? A．Negative. B．Approving. C．Indifferent. D．Objective. 答案　D 解析　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知，作者对这一发现持客观的态度。故选D。 C Until now，scientists haven’t been able to study the new rock on the moon.The new samples from Chang’e 5 will change this.They’re from near Mons Rümker，a volcanic mountain where the rock is thought to be much younger—about 1 billion years old. There are a lot of reasons scientists are eager to study this younger rock，one of which is that it could help us more precisely date not only the moon，but many rocky planets and other objects. Here’s how that works: Scientists date lunar rock by using something called a chronology curve(年代学曲线)，says Jolliff，a scientist at Washington University in St.Louis.Basically，they estimate the age of the rock by counting the number of craters in the area the rock comes from; those increase as objects strike the rock over time.To make this estimation，scientists need to match the number of craters to a precise age.Right now，they only have data points for lunar rock that is 3 to 4 billion years old.Modern techniques can date the new sample extremely accurately，and once scientists know its precise age，they can add a valuable data point to their chronology curve.The dating system will also help us more accurately estimate the age of all sorts of objects in space，like rocky planets and other moons. Another reason scientists are keen to study this young volcanic rock is to find out more about how volcanism works on the moon.Jolliff says that it’s unclear why there was volcanic activity on the moon for such a long period of time.Most of the moon’s volcanic activity，he says，is thought to have occurred 3 or 4 billion years ago，when the moon was still pretty young.But since the moon does not have plate structure，which drives volcanism on Earth，it’s unclear what could have caused much later volcanic activity.“That’s something that you can find out of the samples by studying them in the lab，” Jolliff says. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。嫦娥五号带回的样本使得研究月球上的新岩石成为可能，而研究这种岩石的好处是什么呢？文章对此进行了说明。 9．What does the underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refer to? A．The fact of being unable to study the new rock. B．The new rock from near Mons Rümker. C．One of the reasons to study the moon’s new rock. D．The study of the moon’s younger rock. 答案　A 解析　代词指代题。根据第一段中“Until now，scientists haven’t been able to study the new rock on the moon.”并结合画线词所在句可推断，this指的是上文中提到的“科学家无法研究月球上的新岩石”这一事实。故选A。 10．Scientists research this younger rock because they can . A．ensure there was volcanic activity on the moon B．more precisely date only the moon C．date lunar rock by using a chronology curve D．explore how volcanism works on the moon 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第四段首句可知，科学家们研究这些新岩石是因为他们能够探索月球上的火山活动是如何发生的。故选D。 11．What can we infer from the last paragraph? A．Scientists are keen to study this young volcanic rock. B．Scientists can’t know why volcanic activity exists on the moon. C．The moon’s volcanic activity occurred 3 or 4 billion years ago. D．It’s clear what could have caused much later volcanic activity. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But since the moon does not have plate structure，which drives volcanism on Earth，it’s unclear what could have caused much later volcanic activity.”可推断，科学家们不知道月球上为什么会有火山活动。故选B。 12．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．How Scientists Study the Younger Rock B．Why the Research Is Important C．Why the Younger Rock Is Worth Studying D．What Scientists Do to Study the Younger Rock 答案　C 解析　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章首段前两句引出了科学家能对月球上的新岩石进行研究的话题，接下来对研究这种岩石的好处进行了说明。因此C项(为什么新岩石值得研究)能够准确概括文章大意，适合作为标题。故选C。 Ⅱ.七选五 BASE jumping is a dangerous sport that involves using a parachute(降落伞) to jump off a high structure. 1 Because BASE jumping is very dangerous，it is sometimes considered a “stunt”，or “daredevil activity” rather than a sport. BASE is an acronym(首字母缩写) that stands for the four categories of fixed launch points for a BASE jump：building，antennae(高塔)，span(bridge) and earth(cliff)．“BASE numbers” are awarded to those jumpers who have completed at least one jump from each of the categories. 2 Carl Boenish made the first official BASE jump off the Troll Wall in Norway in 1984.Unfortunately，Carl Boenish was killed two days after that first BASE jump as he tried to make another BASE jump off the Troll Wall.Improvements in equipment have helped reduce BASE jumping deaths. 3 There are no reliable statistics on the number of people killed and injured while BASE jumping，but it is certainly more dangerous than skydiving.Because of the high death rate，BASE jumping has not gained widespread acceptance. 4 A BASE jumper needs to get permission to use both the place from which the jump is initiated(开始) and the landing areas.Some places，like the Troll Wall，are banned because of the high level of danger.However，many sites are still open to jumpers. 5 It can easily injure or kill you.You are a huge investment of time，energy，and money by your parents.Your parents expect you to have good judgment，so think hard before you do anything that is dangerous. A．BASE jumping is something that you shouldn’t do. B．Teens’ parents don’t support BASE jumping because it costs money. C．A BASE number qualifies the participant as a recognized BASE jumper. D．This is also one of the reasons that it is considered illegal in many countries. E．BASE jumping just gets even more dangerous as you compete to be the quickest. F．It has become popular with those constantly looking for new and exciting things to do. G．Nevertheless，many people，including skilled jumpers，are still injured or killed every year. 1．答案　F 解析　根据上句“BASE jumping is a dangerous sport that involves using a parachute(降落伞) to jump off a high structure.”可知，F项承接上句，对极限跳伞运动进行说明，选项中的It指代上句中的“BASE jumping”。 2．答案　C 解析　根据上句“‘BASE numbers’ are awarded to those jumpers who have completed at least one jump from each of the categories.”可知，C项承接上句，继续对BASE number展开说明。选项中的“A BASE number”呼应上文中的“BASE numbers”。 3．答案　G 解析　根据上句“Improvements in equipment have helped reduce BASE jumping deaths.”以及下句“There are no reliable statistics on the number of people killed and injured while BASE jumping，but it is certainly more dangerous than skydiving.”可知，G项呼应上下文，说明尽管已经改进设备帮助减少这种极限跳伞运动导致的死亡，但是每年仍有许多人受伤或死亡。 4．答案　D 解析　根据上句“Because of the high death rate，BASE jumping has not gained widespread acceptance.”可知，D项承接上句，继续说明由于其高死亡率，极限跳伞在许多国家是非法的。 5．答案　A 解析　根据空后内容可知，该段主要讲述了不应该做极限跳伞的原因，A项符合题意，其中you是原词复现。故选A。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$