主题二 语境16 小说、戏剧、诗歌、传记、文学简史（复习讲案）（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（话题版 辽鲁琼京津闽渝鄂粤冀湘苏浙黑吉皖甘赣贵桂晋云豫新）

Ⅰ.记重点单词 1．fable n．寓言 2．syllable n．音节 3．playwright n．剧作家 4．chapter n．章节；篇章 5．era n．时代；年代；纪元 6．rhythm n．节奏；韵律；规律 7．grief n．悲伤，悲痛；伤心事 8．sigh vi.叹息；叹气 n．叹息；叹息声 9．absurd adj.荒谬的；荒唐的 10．theater n．电影院，戏院，剧场 11．declare vt.表明；宣称；公布 12．theme n．主题；主旋律；题目 13．recite vi.& vt.背诵；朗诵 14．cast vt.(cast，cast)投射；向……投以(视线、笑容等)；投，抛；选派角色 n．全体演员；投，抛 15．soul n．灵魂；心性，内心；精神 16．element n．要素，基本部分 17．clue n．线索，提示；迹象 18．biography n．传记，传记作品 19．deadline n．最后期限；截止日期 20．works n．作品；工厂；工程结构 21．imagery n．形象的描述；意象 22．folk adj.民间的；民俗的；普通百姓的 23．version n．版本；(从不同角度的)说法 24．imply vt.含有……的意思，暗示，暗指 25．comedy n．喜剧；喜剧性；滑稽 26．rhyme n．押韵词；押韵的短诗 vi.& vt.(使)押韵 27．nursery adj.幼儿教育的 n．托儿所；保育室 28．amateur n．业余爱好者 adj.业余的；业余爱好的 29．stage n．舞台；阶段；步骤 vt.上演，举办 30．structure n．结构，构造；建筑物，结构体 31．utter vt.出声；说；讲 adj.完全的；十足的；彻底的 32．contest n．比赛；竞赛；竞争 vt.争取赢得(比赛、选举等)；争辩 33．play vt.& vi.演奏；玩耍；上演；参加比赛 n．游戏；比赛；剧本；戏剧 34．tone n．(说话的)语气，口气，腔调；(尤指乐器或说话的)音调，音色，音质 35．claim n．声明，宣称；所有权；索赔 vt.宣称，声称；要求；索取；获得 36．literary adj.文学的→literature n．文学，文学作品 37．logical adj.合乎逻辑的；合情合理的→logically adv.逻辑上；合乎逻辑地→logic n．逻辑；逻辑学；逻辑性 38．blurred adj.模糊不清的；难以区分的→blur n．模糊不清的事物；模糊的记忆；污迹 v．使……模糊不清，变模糊；(使)难以区分 39．fantasy n．幻想作品；幻想，想象 vt.空想；想象→fantastic adj.奇异的；空想的；极好的，极出色的 40．setting n．(书、影片等中情节发生的)背景；环境→set v．放，置，使处于；使开始；(故事、电影等)以……为背景；树立，创立，确立；设置 41．polished adj.擦亮的，磨光的；精湛的；精致的→polish v．抛光，擦亮；修改，润色 42．summary n．总结，概括，概要→summarize v.总结；概述 43．poetry n．诗，诗歌；诗情，诗意→poem n．诗→poet n．诗人 44．universal adj.普遍的，共同的；普遍存在的→universally adv.普遍地；到处→universe n．宇宙；世界；领域 45．respective adj.分别的；各自的→respectively adv.分别；各自；依次为 46．interpret vt.解释，阐释；把……理解为，领会；演绎 vi.口译→interpretation n．解释；理解；表演→interpreter n．解释者；口译者 47．accomplish vt.完成→accomplishment n．成就；完成；技艺，技能→accomplished adj.完成的；熟练的，有技巧的；有修养的；有学问的 48．historical adj.历史的；史学的；基于史实的→historically adv.关于历史事件；在过去，历史上地→history n．历史，历史学；历史记录；来历→historian n．历史学家 49．stimulating adj.使人兴奋的；饶有趣味的→stimulated adj.受激的→stimulation n．刺激；激励，鼓舞→stimulate vt.刺激；鼓舞，激励 50．absorbing adj.十分吸引人的，引人入胜的→absorbed adj.被吸收的；专心致志的→absorption n．吸收；全神贯注，专心致志→absorb vt.吸收；吸引；承受；理解；使……全神贯注 51．mystery n．难以理解的事物，谜→mysterious adj.神秘的；不可思议的；难解的→mysteriously adv.神秘地；故弄玄虚地；难以理解地 52．continuous adj.持续的，不间断的，连续的→continuously adv.连续不断地→continue vi.继续，延续；维持原状 vt.继续说……；使……继续；使……延长→continuation n．延续，继续部分 53．character n．性格，品质；特性；角色→characterize (＝characterise) vt.是……的特征，以……为典型；使……具有特点；描述，刻画→characteristic adj.典型的；特有的；表示特性的 n．特征；特性；特色 54．innocent adj.天真无邪的；无辜的；无恶意的→innocence n．天真；单纯；无罪 1．masterwork n．杰作；名著 2．authentic adj.真正的，真实的；可信的 3．contradictory adj.相互矛盾的，对立的 4．nourish vt.培养，助长；抚养，滋养 5．dimension n．方面，侧面；规模，程度 6．profile n．侧面；轮廓；外形；剖面；简况 7．perceive vt.注意到，意识到；将……理解为 8．sparkling adj.闪闪发光的，闪烁的；起泡沫的 9．nonsense n．胡说，废话；荒谬的想法(看法) 10．comprehension n．理解力；领悟力；理解练习 Ⅱ.背核心短语 1．test out检验；测试 2．in summary总的来说 3．dig up发现，搜集，查明；挖出 4．star in担任……主角；主演 5．deliver a speech发表演讲 6．set sth aside把……放一边；留出 7．be made up of由……组成/构成 8．clear up (头脑)清醒；使整洁，清理 9．pros and cons事物的利与弊；支持与反对 10．be on the point of doing sth 正要做某事 11．take...for granted视……为理所当然(而对其不重视) 12．superior to 比……更好，更胜一筹 13．take over 占上风；取而代之；接管；接手 Ⅲ.悟经典句式 1．Where...，there be...在……的地方，有…… Where there is music，there is joy and happiness；where there is music，there is hope. 哪里有音乐，哪里就有欢乐和幸福；哪里有音乐，哪里就有希望。 2．It is a pity that...很遗憾…… It is a pity that as a large cultural country that owns many classic works，the country has no winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature. 作为一个拥有很多经典作品的文化大国，很遗憾该国没有一个诺贝尔文学奖得主。 3．On/Upon doing...一……就…… On finishing the novel partly，the author went up into the mountains where he could finish writing his novel undisturbed. 一写完一部分小说，作者就上了山，在那里他可以不受打扰地完成他的小说。 4．“代词＋of＋which/whom”引导的定语从句 I’ve always kept up with the latest literature works and learned to really enjoy books，all of which have been an invaluable help to me in my writing. 我一直在关注最新的文学作品，并学会了真正地欣赏书籍，这一切都对我的写作有宝贵的帮助。 文中加黑词汇为本话题中的重点词汇 I read a beautiful poem this morning,1.which was written by a famous poet who published several volumes of poetry.It was so 2.absorbing(absorb) that I read it 3.continuously(continuous) and finally recited it.I like poetry，while my best friend 4.likes(like) plays.There will be a speech contest 5.to be held(hold) in our school in a few days.I am going to express my 6.feelings(feel) about the poem，while 7.my(I) friend will talk about something about a play he saw in the theater.I am firmly 8.convinced(convince) that we will perform very well on 9.the stage.We are looking forward 10.to the coming of the speech contest. declare v．宣告；宣布；声明；表明；宣称(declaration n．公告；宣告；宣言) declare...(as/to be)...宣布……为…… declare war on/against...向……宣战 declare for/against表示赞成/反对 It is declared that...据宣布…… (1)In 1939，Britain declared war on/against Germany after Germany invaded Poland. (2)The writer declared against publishing(publish) his new book at the end of this month. (3)It is declared that there will be a novelist giving us a lecture on writing this afternoon. (4)当老师宣布我是这次英语演讲比赛的获胜者时，我又惊又喜。 When the teacher declared me (as/to be) the winner of the English Speech Contest，I was surprised and pleased. claim n．& v．要求；主张；声称；认领；索取；夺去 •claim to do sth 声称做某事 claim to have done sth 声称做过某事 It is claimed that...据称…… •make a claim声称；断言；索赔 (1)It is claimed(claim) that wine helps prevent heart disease. (2)他声称自己发现了和科幻小说中一样的神秘洞穴，真是荒唐可笑。 ①He claimed that he had found a mysterious cave just like the one in science fiction，which was really absurd and ridiculous.(宾语从句；claim v．) ②He claimed to have found a mysterious cave just like the one in science fiction，which was really absurd and ridiculous.(claim to have done sth) ③He made a claim that he had found a mysterious cave just like the one in science fiction，which was really absurd and ridiculous.(claim n．) set v．放置，使处于；使开始；(故事、电影等)以……为背景；创立 n．(物品的)一套；一组；一副adj.安排好的；固定的；位于……的；以……为背景的 (setting n．环境；安装；布置) •a set of一套；一组；一副 •be set in...以……为背景 set about doing sth/set out to do sth 着手做某事 (1)Your argument is based on a set of questionable assumptions，so whatever you say，we won’t agree with you. (2)If you want to learn American English，I strongly suggest that you should watch films which are set in the USA. (3)他们开始着手写一部中国文学史，他们相信这部作品完成后会大受欢迎。 They set out to write/set about writing a history of Chinese literature，which they believe will be a hit when it’s finished. summarize v.总结；概述(summary n．总结，概要) •to summarize简而言之，总而言之 •in summary总之；概括起来 give a summary of 简要概括…… (1)In summary，historians must be careful about the kind of conflict they emphasize in eighteenth-century America. (2)Finally，in Chapter 6，we give a summary(summarize) of this thesis，and give some ideas of the future research. (3)总的来说，《长津湖》这部电影比那部电影更感人。这是一个关于中国人民志愿军在抗美援朝战争中的故事。 In summary/To summarize，the film，The Battle at Lake Changjin，is more moving than that one.It is a story about Chinese People’s Volunteers in a battle during the War to Resist U．S.Aggression and Aid Korea. character n．性格；个性；特点；品行；(小说、戏剧中的)人物；角色；文字，符号(characteristic adj.特有的；典型的 n．特色；特性；典型) •in character与某人的性格相符 out of character与某人的性格不相符 •be characteristic of ……特有的；……的特征 (1)The two female leading characters are obviously different in character. (2)另一方在谈论学校戏剧时表现出了不正常的行为，突然同意了我们的意见。 The other side acted out of character and suddenly agreed to our opinions while talking about the school play. (3)节奏强、押韵、多次重复是这首童谣的主要特点。 Strong rhythm，rhyme and frequent repetition are the main characteristics of this nursery rhyme. dig up挖出；掘出；开垦；发现 set up建立，创立；安排 put up举手；搭建；张贴；留……住宿 take up拿起；从事；占据(空间或时间等) keep up坚持；使斗志不低落；继续，维持 hold up举起；承受……的重量；坚持(顶住) pick up拾起；接(某人)上车；染上；(偶然)学到；(情况)好转 call up召集，征召(入伍)；想起，回忆起；给……打电话 (1)用up短语的正确形式填空 ①It is difficult to keep up a conversation with someone only saying “Yes” and “No”． ②They put up their tents and settled down for the night，which called up happy memories of their childhood. ③They tried to dig up something from his past to spoil his chances of being elected. (2)在法国留学期间，他爱上了文学，学习了写作的艺术，从此开始了写作。 While studying in France，he fell in love with literature and picked up the art of writing.He took up writing ever since. Where...，there be...　Where there is music，there is joy and happiness；where there is music，there is hope.哪里有音乐，哪里就有欢乐和幸福；哪里有音乐，哪里就有希望。 •where可以引导地点状语从句，说明主句的谓语动作发生的地点。 •where可以引导定语从句，其前有表示地点的先行词。特别注意先行词是case，condition，situation，point等表示抽象地点的名词且从句不缺成分时，常用where引导定语从句。 •where还可作连接副词，引导名词性从句。 (1)写出下列句子中where引导的分别是什么从句 ①As the saying goes，where there is a will，there is a way.地点状语从句 ②To our surprise，the man remained where he was after we returned two hours later.表语从句 ③Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm，which planned to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater was located.定语从句 (2)打开小说，我可以抛下我的负担，进入一个奇妙而神秘的世界，在这里我现在是一个新的角色。(2019·天津) By opening a novel，I can leave behind my burdens and enter into a wonderful and mysterious world where I am now a new character.(where引导定语从句) “代词＋of which/whom”引导的定语从句　I’ve always kept up with the latest literature works and learned to really enjoy books，all of which have been an invaluable help to me in my writing.我一直在关注最新的文学作品，并学会了真正地欣赏书籍，这一切都对我的写作有宝贵的帮助。 •“名词/代词＋of＋which/whom”结构引导定语从句。此类结构常见的有some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most＋of＋which/whom等形式。(此结构中的which，whom不能换成that，who。) •“the＋n.＋of＋which/whom”结构一般可以与“whose＋n.”结构互换。 (1)I bought a science fiction novel last week，the price of which was very reasonable. (2)What I want to recommend is Jane Eyre，whose topic is human value. (3)This semester our school library offers many Chinese classics to the students，each of which appeals to us. (4)The novelist invited about 40 people to his wedding and most of them are family members. →The novelist invited about 40 people to his wedding，most of whom are family members. Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．stage A.n.阶段　B.n.舞台　C.n.戏剧表演　D.v.上演 (1)For him the stage is just a means of making a living；he is not fond of it. C (2)Anderson’s works are staged in Odense，with children and visitors acting out the parts. D (3)We saw the audience clapping their hands when the popular singer appeared on the stage. B (4)Due to the application of this medical technology，some diseases can be treated at the early stage. A 2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)The candles cast long flickering(闪烁的) shadows on the walls.投射 (2)The writer is polishing the article to be published in a newspaper next week.润色 (3)He learned braille(盲文) quickly and continued his education at Worcester College for the Blind.There，he not only did well as a student but also became an accomplished public speaker. 技艺高超的 (4)The buildings referred to in this law shall mean houses and other structures on the land.建筑物 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．If the problem is in the goods itself，you may make a claim on the supplier. 2．We set out to paint(paint) the whole house，but finished only the front part that day. 3．When deeply absorbed(absorb) in work，he always forgets all about eating or sleeping. 4．Mitchell declared herself to be(be) thoroughly puzzled by the popularity her only book met with. 5．I advise you to set aside some time to go to the theater with me although you are occupied with study. 6.There are so many cars held up by the heavy rain that I have no choice but to wait. 7．Many teenagers take it for granted that their parents or grandparents should take care of them. 8．We declared for any proposal aimed at promoting the friendly relations between the two peoples. 9．The old lady has four children，all of whom have great achievements.One of them(they) is a playwright. 10．Keep the books in a place where you can find them easily. Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力(应用文写作之影评) 1．《野性的呼唤》以19世纪90年代的加拿大育空(Yukon)地区为背景，是杰克·伦敦写的一部著名小说。(be set in) The Call of the Wild，which was set in Yukon，Canada in the 1890s，was a famous novel written by Jack London. 2．故事的主人公是一条叫巴克的狗。然而，可惜的是，曾经过着快乐生活的巴克被绑架了(kidnap)并且被卖到了北方。(It’s a pity that...) The main character of the story is a dog named Buck.However，it’s a pity that Buck which/that once lived a happy life was kidnapped and sold to the North. 3．一到北方，巴克就成了拉雪橇(sled)的狗队的一员。(On doing...) On reaching the North，Buck became a member of a dog-team pulling a sled. 4．巴克遇到了许多困难，这其中有许多使它逐渐学会了遵守自然规律。(代词＋of＋which/whom) Buck encountered many difficulties，many of which made it gradually learn to obey the law of nature. 5．最后，巴克在恶劣的环境中幸存了下来。正如俗话所说，有生命的地方就有奇迹。(Where...，there be...) Finally，Buck survived the harsh environment.As a saying goes，“Where there is life，there are miracles.” (2022·全国乙，B) In 1916，two girls of wealthy families，best friends from Auburn，N.Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.The girls had gone to Smith College.They wore expensive clothes.So for them to move to Elkhead，Colo，to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise.Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden，who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter. Why did they go then? Well，they wanted to do something useful.Soon，however，they realized what they had undertaken. They moved in with a local family，the Harrisons，and，like them，had little privacy，rare baths，and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning.Some mornings，Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold.In spring，the snow was replaced by mud over ice. In Wickenden’s book，she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism，which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead.A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads，which entailed(牵涉) drilling through the Rockies，often in blinding snowstorms.The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn. Wickenden is a very good storyteller.The sweep of the land and the stoicism(坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing.Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff，on her horse，looking down from a hill top：“When the sun slipped behind the mountains，it shed a rosy glow all around them.Then a full moon rose.The snow was marked only by small animals：foxes，coyotes，mice，and varying hares，which turned white in the winter.” 1．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains? A．To teach in a school. B．To study American history. C．To write a book. D．To do sightseeing. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段首句“In 1916，two girls of wealthy families...to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.”可知，Dorothy和Rosamond去落基山脉是为了去一所学校教书。 2．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3? A．They enjoyed much respect. B．They had a room with a bathtub. C．They lived with the local kids. D．They suffered severe hardships. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段中“They moved in with a local family...woke up in the morning.”以及“In spring，the snow was replaced by mud over ice.”可知，女孩们的生活条件非常艰苦，她们饱受磨难。 3．Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair-raising? A．The extreme climate of Auburn. B．The living conditions in Elkhead. C．The railroad building in the Rockies. D．The natural beauty of the West. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“A hair-raising section concerns...often in blinding snowstorms.”可知，Wickenden的作品中涉及落基山脉的铁路建设这一部分是令人毛骨悚然的。 4．What is the text? A．A news report. B．A book review. C．A children’s story. D．A diary entry. 答案　B 解析　文章出处题。通读全文尤其根据第一段最后一句和倒数第二段首句中“In Wickenden’s book，she expanded on...”以及末句“The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.”以及最后一段前两句可推知，本文简要介绍了Wickenden写的一部书的内容，并对其进行了评价，所以是一篇书评。 细研真题 Ⅰ.宏观把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 本文是书评。本文简要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden写的一部书并对其进行了评价。 文章的脉络如下： Ⅱ.微观排障——长难句分析 A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads，which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies，often in blinding snowstorms. 分析　该句为主从复合句。which引导的是定语从句，in blinding snowstorms作地点状语。 译文　一个令人毛骨悚然的部分涉及铁路的建设，这需要(牵涉)钻穿落基山脉，而且通常是在令人眼花缭乱的暴风雪中。 Ⅲ.主题词汇积累　语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇 文章出处题 文章出处题要求考生根据文章推断选自何处，其解题技巧如下： 1．根据文章的主要内容进行判断，如：介绍某产品性能的文章可能来自广告，介绍某人生平事迹的文章可能来自传记，介绍一种新型交通工具的文章可能来自报纸上有关科技的文章，介绍一本书的内容并对其进行评价可能来自书评等。 2．根据文章体裁及文本特征进行判断，如新闻报道多是倒三角结构，导语在前，细节在后；儿童故事有情节发展变化，语言通俗易懂等。 3．根据文章关键信息进行判断，如：含有experiment、research等关键词的一般来自科学报告和研究论文；有小标题的或含有admission、bus fare等关键词的一般来自旅行指南等。 本文中第4题为文章出处题，根据策略，其解题步骤如下： 根据文章内容进行判断，文章主要介绍了Dorothy Wickenden的一本书Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West，结合文中出现的一些关键信息“the book；a very good storyteller；some beautiful writing”等可以推断，本文是一篇书评。对比选项，可知正确答案为B.A book review。 (2020·全国Ⅲ改编) 假定你是李华，你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教Miss Evans写封邮件，请她帮忙指导。邮件内容包括： 1．剧情简介； 2．指导内容； 3．商定时间、地点。 注意：词数80左右。 分步练写作 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一封求助信，请外教帮忙指导英文短剧。写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一封求助信，写作中应注意求助信的格式。 2．主体时态：文章中要有剧情简介，还有求助内容，所以应以一般过去时和一般现在时为主。 3．主体人称：由于是写求助信，还有剧情简介，所以人称应该以第二人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：介绍写信目的。 第二段：写出剧情简介和指导内容。 第三段：商定时间、地点，期待回信。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心用词] 1．要求/请求ask for 2．改编自be adapted from... 3．以……开始start with 4．从……逃跑run away from 5．调整adjust [连词成句] 1．我写信是想请您帮忙指导我们的英语短剧。 I’m writing to ask for your help with our English short play. 2．这部短剧是根据我们的英语教科书改编的。 The play is adapted from our English textbook. 3．这个故事以一个叫哈克贝利·费恩的男孩开始。他从家里逃了出来和他的朋友吉姆一起在密西西比河上的一个小木筏上生活。 This story started with a boy named Huckleberry Finn.He ran away from home and lived with his friend Jim on a raft on the Mississippi River. 4．然后费恩被两个人骗了，他的木筏被偷走了，吉姆被卖到了一个农场。 Then Finn was cheated by two men，his raft was stolen and Jim was sold to a farm. 5．如果可能的话，我们明天上午10点在您的办公室见面，好吗？ If it is possible，shall we meet in your office at 10 a．m.tomorrow? [句式升级] 1．用过去分词短语作定语把句1和句2合成一句话。 I’m writing to ask for your help with our English short play adapted from our English textbook. 2．用定语从句改写句3。 This story started with a boy named Huckleberry Finn，who ran away from home and lived with his friend Jim on a raft on the Mississippi River. 3．用with的复合结构改写句4。 Then Finn was cheated by two men，with his raft stolen and Jim sold to a farm. 4．用省略句改写句5。 If possible，shall we meet in your office at 10 a．m.tomorrow? 第三步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。 参考范文 Dear Miss Evans， I’m writing to ask for your help with our English short play adapted from our English textbook. The story started with a boy named Huckleberry Finn，who ran away from home and lived with his friend Jim on a raft on the Mississippi River.Then Finn was cheated by two men，with his raft stolen and Jim sold to a farm.Finn and his friend Tom Sawyer made a plan to save Jim from the farm.At last they managed to free Jim.I wonder if you would like to give us some advice.The vocabulary and grammar of the plot need to be adjusted，and we also need your guidance on our performance. If possible，shall we meet in your office at 10 a．m.tomorrow? Looking forward to your early reply. Yours truly， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$