主题二 语境15 跨文化沟通，包容与合作（复习讲案）（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（话题版 辽鲁琼京津闽渝鄂粤冀湘苏浙黑吉皖甘赣贵桂晋云豫新）

Ⅰ.记重点单词 1．bow vi.鞠躬；点头vt.低(头) 2．barely adv.几乎不；勉强才能；刚刚 3．identical adj.相同的 4．scholar n．学者 5．tune n．曲调，旋律 6．intervene vi.干预；介入 7．gesture n．手势；姿势；姿态 8．deny vt.否认；否定；拒绝 9．outlook n．前景；可能性；观点 10．definitely adv.确切地，肯定地 11．boundary n．边界；分界线 12．civilian adj.平民的，百姓的 13．component n．组成部分；零件 14．messenger n．送信人；信使 15．expense n．费用；花费；开销 16．boom vi.& n．迅速发展；繁荣 17．bear n．熊 vi.承受；结(果实) vt.忍受；具有；承担 18．multi-cultural adj.多元文化的 19．storytelling n．讲故事，说书 20．miracle n．不平凡的事；奇迹 21．institute n．学院；研究院 22．temple n．庙宇，寺院 23．mutual adj.相互的；彼此的；共有的，共同的 24．fancy v．喜爱；想象；设想，认为 adj.花哨的；精致的 25．tremendous adj.巨大的；极大的 26．perspective n．(思考问题的)角度；观点 27．wonderland n．(故事中的)仙境，奇境 28．realistic adj.(目标、希望)能够实现的；实际的 29．witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人 30．tutor n．助教；导师；家庭教师 31．edition n．(报纸、杂志)一份；(广播、电视节目的)一期，一辑 32．escape v．(从危险或糟糕的处境中)逃离，逃避，摆脱 33．pose n．(为画像、拍照等摆的)姿势 vi.摆好姿势 vt.造成(威胁、问题等) 34．departure n．离开；启程；出发→depart vi.离开；出发，起程 35．division n．分歧；分裂；分开→divide v．(使)分开，分成；分配，分担 36．romantic adj.浪漫的→romance n．爱情；浪漫史；传奇故事 37．minority n．少数派；少数→minor adj.次要的；较小的 38．homesickness n．思乡病；乡愁→homesick adj.想家的；思乡的 39．applaud v．(为……)鼓掌→applause n．欢呼，喝彩；掌声 40．fictional adj.虚构的，编造的；小说(中)的→fiction n．小说；虚构，编造；谎言 41．rewarding adj.值得做的，有意义的→reward n．报酬；报答；酬谢 vt.奖励；奖赏 42．influential adj.有影响力的→influence n．影响；势力；感化；有影响的人或事 vt.影响；改变 43．exposure n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露→expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)→exposed adj.暴露的，无遮蔽的 44．appealing adj.有吸引力的，有趣的→appeal n．呼吁，恳求；上诉，申诉；吸引力，感染力 vi.呼吁；有吸引力 45．dramatic adj.巨大的；突然的；急剧的→dramatically adv.戏剧性地；引人注目地；显著地，剧烈地 46．disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的→disappointing adj.令人失望的；令人扫兴的→disappoint vt.使失望→disappointment n．失望；沮丧 47．original adj.原先的，最初的→originally adv.最初，起初；本来→origin n．起源；原点；出身；开端→originate vi.& vt.起源；发源；创立 48．expectation n．期望；预期；期待→expect vt.期望；指望；认为；预料→expected adj.预期的；预料的→unexpected adj.意想不到的 49．explosive adj.易爆炸的，爆发的→explode vi.爆炸，爆发；激增 vt.使爆炸；突然发生；推翻→explosion n．爆炸；爆发；激增 50．distinguish vi.& vt.区分；辨别→distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的；高贵的，受尊重的 51．comfort n．安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物；舒服；安逸 vt.安慰；抚慰→comfortable adj.舒适的，舒服的→comfortably adv.舒服地；安乐地；容易地→uncomfortable adj.不舒服的 52．overwhelming adj.无法抗拒的；巨大的；压倒性的→overwhelmingly adv.压倒性地；不可抵抗地→overwhelm vt.淹没；压倒；覆盖；压垮 53．cautious adj.谨慎的；十分小心的→cautiously adv.十分小心地；谨慎地→caution n．谨慎；小心 54．non-verbal adj.不涉及言语的；非言语的→verbal adj.言语的；文字的；口头的 1．combat v．防止；战斗 2．compensate v．弥补，补偿 3．collaborate v．合作，协作 4．inclusive adj.包容广阔的 5．envoy n．使者；使节；代表 6．contradiction n．矛盾，不一致；否认，反驳 7．mindlessly adv.不费心思地 8．gateway n．通向……的门户；大门口 9．dazzling adj.令人印象深刻的，特别吸引人的 10．citizenship n．公民身份，公民资格；公民权 Ⅱ.背核心短语 1．in vain徒然；无效 2．by contrast相比之下 3．culture shock文化冲击 4．get across把……解释清楚，被传达 5．to some extent在某种程度上 6．go door to door走家串户，挨家挨户 7．break down消除；分解；打破 8．speak up大声点说；明确表态 9．feel at home舒服自在；不拘束 10．side with支持；站在……的一边 11．live up to符合(标准)，不负(盛名) 12．get involved in参与；卷入；与……有关联 13．cost an arm and a leg (使)花一大笔钱 Ⅲ.悟经典句式 1．not...until...直到……才…… I didn’t fit in well with life abroad until I had a better understanding of Western culture. 直到我对西方文化有了更好的了解我才适应了国外的生活。 2．“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构 I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for directions in this country. 在这个国家，我必须学会如何使用公共交通工具以及如何问路。 3.祈使句＋and＋陈述句 Explore the country from all aspects and before you know it，you will have a better understanding of its culture. 从各个方面探索这个国家，不知不觉间你就会对它的文化有一个更好的了解。 4．独立主格结构 Not understanding what the teacher was saying，he sat quietly，his eyes staring out of the window. 不明白老师在说什么，他静静地坐着，眼睛盯着窗外。 文中加黑词汇为本话题中的重点词汇 Several years ago，I went abroad for further education.The expense was really high,1.which was unexpected.I had 2.to borrow(borrow) a large sum of money and took a part-time job as a tutor.3.Exposed(expose) to different cultures and values，I 4.suffered(suffer) homesickness and had great difficulty adapting 5.to a new culture.Painful as it was，the experience was really helpful and rewarding.6.Studying(study) abroad cultivates my 7.confidence(confident) and the ability to live more 8.independently(independent)．It helps 9.me(I) walk out of my comfort zone.Not only does it make me acquire knowledge,10.but it has a great influence on my life. expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于(险境)(exposure n．接触；体验；暴露；揭露 exposed adj.暴露的；无遮蔽的) •expose...to...使……暴露于……；使……体验…… •be exposed to暴露于；接触 (1)Exposure(expose) to good original English novels helped her a lot with her English. (2)As far as I am concerned，for the sake of the babies’ safety，don’t expose them to strong sunlight. (3)接触外国文化可以帮助你更好地了解当地的文化和习俗。 ①Exposure to foreign cultures can help you have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(exposure) ②Exposing yourself to/Being exposed to foreign cultures can help you have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(expose v．) ③Exposed to foreign cultures，you can have a better understanding of local cultures and customs.(exposed) witness vt.当场见到；目击 n．目击者；证人；见证 •witness sth/that...当场看到，目击 •(be) a witness to...目击；能证明 (1)The past few years have witnessed(witness) an increasing number of international students studying in Peking University. (2)她的新畅销小说是一个浪漫的故事，在某种程度上是他们十年爱情的见证。 Her new best-selling novel is a romantic story，which is a witness to their 10-year love to some extent. escape v．逃脱；逃走；泄漏；避开；被忘掉n.逃跑；逃脱；解脱 •escape from从……逃脱，从……逃跑 escape (doing) sth 避开(做)某事 •have a narrow escape死里逃生 (1)Only a minority of students want to escape taking(take) responsibility for their own behavior. (2)旅行是一种放松的好方式，因为它能让我们从日常工作中解放出来。 Travelling is a good way to relax because it allows us to escape from daily work. (3)据说当她独自在国外旅行时，她从一次抢劫中死里逃生。 It is said that when she traveled alone in a foreign country，she had a narrow escape from a robbery. divide v．(使)分开，分成；分配(division n．分配；除法；部门；分歧；差异) divide...by...用……除以…… divide...between/among...在……之间分配…… be divided into被分开；被(划)分成…… (1)There is a big cultural division between the French-speaking Swiss and the German-speaking Swiss. (2)Annual average temperature is the summation(和) of monthly average of a year divided by 12 months. (3)汉娜的住所被划分为几个区域，为有需要的人们提供避难所。 Hannah’s place is divided into several areas，providing shelters for people in need. influential adj.有很大影响力的；有支配力的(influence n．& vt.影响) have an influence on/upon(＝have an effect/impact on/upon)对……有影响 under the influence of在……的影响下 under one’s influence在某人的影响下 (1)She has now developed into one of the most influential(influence) leaders in the Western World. (2)Under the influence of his tutor，a high school music teacher，he determined to become a musician. (3)孔子是中国古代的哲学家，他的思想对中国乃至全世界都产生了深远的(profound)影响。 Confucius is an ancient Chinese philosopher whose thought has had a profound influence/effect/impact on/upon China and even the whole world. comfort n．舒适；安慰；令人感到安慰的人或事物vt.安慰；抚慰(comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的 comfortably adv.舒服地；安乐地；容易地 uncomfortable adj.不舒服的) •be a comfort to sb 对某人来说是个安慰 in comfort＝comfortably舒适地 •comfort sb with sth 用某物安慰某人 (1)I recalled that my foreign friends often comforted me with inspiring words when I was homesick. (2)What impressed me most was that I lived comfortably(comfort) in my host family when studying abroad. (3)独自一人在异国他乡与老朋友重逢，真是一种极大的安慰。 Meeting old friends in a foreign country when you are alone is really a great comfort. (4)看到我不舒服，爸爸站起来，走到我跟前，把我揽入怀中安慰我。(读后续写之动作链描写) Seeing I was uncomfortable，my father rose to his feet，came up to me and gathered me into his arms to comfort me. disappointed adj.失望的，沮丧的(disappoint vt.使失望/沮丧 disappointing adj.令人失望的 disappointment n．失望，沮丧) •be disappointed at/with/by...对……失望 be disappointed to do sth 对做某事失望 be disappointed that...对……失望 •to one’s disappointment令某人失望的是 (1)One by one，the applicants left the interviewer’s office with disappointed(disappoint) looks on their faces. (2)令他父母失望的是，查克失业了，没有朋友，还遭受着文化冲击。 ①To his parents’ disappointment，Chuck is jobless，friendless，and suffering from culture shock.(disappointment n．) ②What disappoints his parents is that Chuck is jobless，friendless，and suffering from culture shock.(what引导主语从句；disappoint v．) live up to 符合(标准)，不负(盛名) live a...life过着……的生活 live by...靠……过活 live on继续存在；以……为食 live with和……一起住；忍受 live through经历……而幸存 (1)He moved to Belgium in 1990 to live with his son and lived a happy life there. (2)As you go through this book，you will find that each of the millions of people who lived through World War Ⅱ has a different experience. (3)Steve’s spirit will live on forever with those who have the honor to know and work with him. (4)只有这样做，我们才能不辜负父母的期望并且能在将来更好地照顾他们。 Only by doing this can we live up to our parents’ expectations and take better care of them in the future. 特殊疑问词＋to do　I had to learn how to use public transport and how to ask for directions in this country.在这个国家，我必须学会如何使用公共交通工具以及如何问路。 •“特殊疑问词＋to do”结构可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语等。 在“疑问词＋不定式”结构中，不定式必须用主动式而不能用被动式。 •why not后加不定式时，省略不定式符号to。whether后可接不定式，而if不可。 (1)Faced with so many new things to learn，I was overcome by fear and was at a loss what to do. (2)I am in a dilemma，because I really have no idea whether to wear traditional Chinese dress when greeting the British students. (3)如果你能就如何用有限的语言技能在陌生环境中生活给我们一些建议，我将不胜感激。(话题写作之征求建议) I’d appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to live in an unfamiliar environment with limited language skills. (4)为何不参加讨论小组，以便你能找到志同道合的朋友呢？ Why not join in discussion groups so that you can find friends with similar interests？(why not do...) Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．pose (1)In her book she poses the question “How much do we need to be happy？” A (2)He always stayed up to write the novel，which posed serious problems for his health. B (3)Before going into their meeting，the delegates posed for a group photograph. C 2．appeal (1)Which one appeals to you more，playing ping-pong or basketball？ C (2)He said he would appeal after being found guilty on four counts of murder. B (3)I am writing to make an appeal to everyone to take an active part in building a more beautiful school. A 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)When he went abroad，he found the new surroundings hard to bear.忍受 (2)She looks familiar to me，but to my embarrassment，her name escapes me.被忘掉 (3)The official confirmed that the paintings were originals and worth as much as $50 million.原作 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．To make the rescue more efficient，the volunteers were divided into three groups. 2．The first time international students get exposed to such tremendous diversity，they will immediately feel the dramatic influence. 3．As opposed to the police，many witnesses(witness) said the car driver was to blame for this traffic accident. 4．To his disappointment(disappoint)，he suffered from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings. 5．Parents’ behavior has a great influence on/upon their children，because kids often model after them. 6．It was not surprising that he denied having broken(break) into the manager’s office during the lunch break. 7．It’s of vital importance to live up to our promises；otherwise，empty promises would only result in bad names. 8．When caught cheating in the exam，he begged for the teacher’s pardon and tried to escape punishment/being punished(punish)． Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力 1．出国留学深造对我们的个人成长有很大的影响，今天我想分享我的观点。(influence) Studying abroad for further education has a great influence on our personal growth，and I’d like to share my opinions today. 2．在我看来，选择出国留学，你将开始一种新的生活。(祈使句＋and＋陈述句) As far as I’m concerned，choose to study abroad and you’ll start a new life. 3．直到你生活在一个不同的国家，你才能获得跨文化体验。(not...until) You can’t gain cross-cultural experiences until you live in a different country. 4．出国留学可以帮助我们了解如何从不同的角度去理解一种文化。(特殊疑问词＋to do) Studying abroad can help us know how to understand a culture from a different perspective. 5．全面考虑，出国留学可以让我们走出舒适区，让我们变得更好。(独立主格结构) All things considered，studying abroad can take us out of comfort zone and change us for the better. A British friend told me he couldn’t understand why Chinese people love eating sunflower seeds (嗑瓜子) as a snack so much.“I’ve met a lot of older Chinese and many have a crack in their front teeth.I believe that’s from cracking the seeds，” he said. I had never noticed the habit，but once he mentioned it，I suddenly became more aware.I realized that whenever I’m watching TV or typing a report，I always start mindlessly cracking sunflower seeds.My friend doesn’t like sunflower seeds，and to him，it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed. When we were young，the whole family would usually get together for Chinese New Year.Then，we all lived close to one another，usually in a small city，and sometimes neighbors would go door to door even on Chinese New Year’s Eve to check out what every household was making. I remember my parents would be cooking in the kitchen.Out in the living room，a large table would already be laid out，complete with fancy tablecloth，ready-made dumpling fillings，and dishes full of candy，fruits and sunflower seeds.Some of the dishes were to be offered to our ancestors later，while others were for neighbors and children to eat before the evening feast.I must have learned how to crack sunflower seeds back then. I don’t think it’s right to criticize one’s choice in food or eating habits，no matter how strange they may seem. It’s not only in China.When I went abroad，I found people had all sorts of strange habits when it came to food.In Denmark，they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner，no matter how much it ruins your breath.They think it’s a delicacy(美味佳肴)，and it’s connected with their certain culture.I think it’s a wonderful tradition. 1．Why can’t the British friend understand when he found the Chinese love eating sunflower seeds? A．Because the seeds are too hard to crack. B．Because he thinks they are harmful to teeth. C．Because he doesn’t think the seeds are good. D．Because he doesn’t think the seeds are worth eating. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。 根据第二段中的“My friend doesn’t like sunflower seeds，and to him，it seems unnecessary to work so much just to get one small seed.”可知，作者的英国朋友认为瓜子不值得吃，所以当这位英国朋友发现中国人喜欢吃瓜子时，他并不理解。故选D。 2．What does the writer prove by mentioning Chinese New Year? A．The traditions of celebrating it disappear. B．Eating sunflower seeds is related to it. C．The families get together for it. D．Children can eat delicious food on that day. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第三、四段可知，在中国，春节的时候桌子上会摆放很多美食，其中就有瓜子，小孩可以在年夜饭前吃，作者就是在那时学会了嗑瓜子，由此可知，作者提到春节是为了证明嗑瓜子和春节有关，故选B。 3．What’s the writer’s attitude to Denmark’s way of eating bread? A．Neutral. B．Critical. C．Understandable. D．Doubtful. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据文章最后一句“I think it’s a wonderful tradition.”可知，作者认为丹麦人吃面包配腌红鱼是个很好的传统，由此可知，作者认为这种吃法是可以理解的。故选C。 4．What lesson can we learn from the story? A．One kind of food doesn’t necessarily suit everyone. B．Eating habits come from a certain culture. C．It is good to form healthy eating habits. D．Changing your eating habits will change your life. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“They think it’s a delicacy(美味佳肴)，and it’s connected with their certain culture.”可知，丹麦人认为面包配腌红鱼是一种美味佳肴，这和他们特定的文化有关，正如中国人喜欢嗑瓜子和春节有关。由此可知，作者想在这篇文章中表达的观点是：饮食习惯来自特定的文化。故选B。 细研真题 Ⅰ.宏观把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。中国人喜欢嗑瓜子而丹麦人喜欢吃面包配腌红鱼。文章用对比的方式说明饮食习惯与特定的文化有关。 文章的脉络如下： Ⅱ.微观排障——长难句分析 Then，we all lived close to one another，usually in a small city，and sometimes neighbors would go door to door even on Chinese New Year’s Eve to check out what every household was making. 分析　本句是and连接的并列复合句。在第二个并列分句中 to check out...作目的状语，其中what引导宾语从句。 译文　那时，我们彼此都住得很近，通常是在一个小城市，有时在除夕夜邻居们甚至会挨家挨户地查看每家每户都在做什么。 Ⅲ.主题词汇积累　语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇 观点态度题 所谓作者的观点和态度，就是表达作者对某个话题、行为、事件的看法、感觉或判断。作者的观点和态度一般分为三大类：支持、赞同、乐观；客观、中立；反对、批评、怀疑、悲观。作者的这种思想倾向和感情色彩往往隐含在文章的字里行间。因此，在推断过程中，应特别注意文中作者的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词或副词。 第一步：先定位原文中能透露作者观点态度的句子。 第二步：结合所找的句子，分析隐藏在其中的作者的思想倾向和感情色彩。 第三步：分析对比选项，得出正确答案。 本文中第3题是观点态度题，根据策略，其解题步骤如下： Step 1　查找原文中透露作者观点态度的句子：最后一段中的“In Denmark，they put salted red fish on bread and eat it for dinner，no matter how much it ruins your breath.They think it’s a delicacy(美味佳肴)，and it’s connected with their certain culture.I think it’s a wonderful tradition.” Step 2　分析作者的思想倾向和感情色彩：从“it’s connected with their certain culture”“I think it’s a wonderful tradition.”可以看出作者的态度是理解的、接受的。 Step 3　对比选项发现：understandable意思最符合作者的观点态度。 因此答案为C。 (2021·全国甲，书面表达改编) 假定你是李华。你校计划举办介绍中国传统文化的主题班会，并在英文网站展示。请你写一封邮件给外国朋友Chris，向他了解哪些中国传统文化更吸引外国友人。邮件内容包括： 1．阐明写信事由； 2．征求建议； 3．表示感谢。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 分步练写作 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一封邮件。写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一封征求建议信。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时和一般将来时为主。 3．主体人称：人称应该以第一人称和第二人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：概述事件，表明写信目的。 第二段：讲述具体细节，征求建议。 第三段：表达感谢，期待来信。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心用词] 1．一个校际讨论 a school-wide discussion 2．与……有关be related to 3．发生；举行take place 4．对……热爱have a passion for 5．对……有帮助 be helpful to/be of help to 6．预定做某事；计划做be scheduled to do 7．以……的形式in the form of [连词成句] 1．一个校际讨论将在我校举行。 A school-wide discussion is taking place/will take place in our school. 2．它的主题与中国传统文化有关。 Its theme is related to traditional Chinese culture. 3．我们想得到更多的点击量。我想知道你是否能告诉我哪种中国文化最吸引外国友人。 We want to get more clicks，and I am wondering if/whether you could tell me which Chinese culture attracts foreigners most. 4．我知道你热爱中国传统文化，所以我相信你的建议会对我们大有帮助。 I know you have a passion for traditional Chinese culture，so I do believe your suggestions will be greatly helpful/of great help to us. 5．这个活动定于5月15号以班会的形式举行。 The activity is scheduled to be held on May 15 in the form of class meetings. 6．对我们和外国友人来说这都将是一个了解中国传统文化的好机会。 It will be a good opportunity to learn about traditional Chinese culture for both us and foreigners. [句式升级] 1．用限制性定语从句将句1和句2合并。 A school-wide discussion whose theme is related to traditional Chinese culture is taking place/will take place in our school. 2．用不定式作目的状语改写句3。 To get more clicks，I am wondering if/whether you could tell me which Chinese culture attracts foreigners most. 3．用现在分词作状语改写句4。 Knowing you have a passion for traditional Chinese culture，I do believe your suggestions will be greatly helpful/of great help to us. 4．用非限制性定语从句将句5和句6合并。 The activity is scheduled to be held on May 15 in the form of class meetings，which will be a good opportunity to learn about traditional Chinese culture for both us and foreigners. 第三步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。 参考范文 Dear Chris， A school-wide discussion whose theme is related to traditional Chinese culture is taking place in our school.I’m writing to ask you for some advice. This activity will be presented on the English website，and to get more clicks，I am wondering if you could tell me which Chinese culture attracts foreigners most.Knowing you have a passion for traditional Chinese culture，I do believe your suggestions will be greatly helpful to us.The activity is scheduled to be held on May 15 in the form of class meetings，which will be a good opportunity to learn about traditional Chinese culture for both us and foreigners. I would appreciate it if you could tell me your opinion.Looking forward to your early reply. Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$