主题二 语境14 公益事业与志愿服务（复习讲案）（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（话题版 辽鲁琼京津闽渝鄂粤冀湘苏浙黑吉皖甘赣贵桂晋云豫新）

Ⅰ.记重点单词 1．carpet n．地毯 2．bandage n．绷带 3．watery adj.(似)水的 4．scheme n．方案；计划 5．technique n．技能；技术；技艺 6．reputation n．名誉；名声 7．aid n．& vt.帮助；援助；资助 8．seek(sought；sought) vi.& vt.寻求；请求；试图，设法 9．welfare n．幸福；福祉；安康；福利 10．calling n．职业，事业；使命感 11．barren adj.贫瘠的；不结果实的 12．elderly adj.年老的；上了年纪的(委婉) 13．victim n．受害者，牺牲品 14．squeeze vt.& vi.榨；挤；压榨；使挤进 15．undergo(underwent；undergone) vt.经历，经受 16．like-minded adj.想法相同的，志趣相投的 17．charity n．慈善组织，慈善机构；慈善事业 18．collapse vi.(突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒 19．cause vt.导致，引起；使发生 n．原因；事业 20．label vt.加标签或标记；分类 n．标签；标记 21．sponsor n．赞助者；主办者；保证人 vt.赞助；举办 22．underneath prep.& adv.在……底下；隐藏在下面 23．fabric n．织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构 24．raise vt.提高；筹集；养育；升起；饲养；种植 25．ease vi.& vt.(使)宽慰；减轻；缓解 n．容易；舒适；自在 26．grab vt.(grabbed，grabbed)抓住；攫取 n．抓取；抢夺 27．membership n．会员身份；全体会员；会员人数 28．barrier n．障碍物，屏障；分界线 29．shelter n．庇护；避难所；遮盖物 vt.保护；使掩蔽 vi.躲避，避难 30．entry n．加入；进入；参与 31．manual n．使用手册；说明书 adj.用手的；手工的；体力的；手控的 32．scream vi.& vt.(因愤怒或恐惧)高声喊；大声叫 n．尖叫；尖锐刺耳的声音 33．motion n．运动；移动→motionless adj.静止的；不运动的 34．humanistic adj.人文主义的→humanity n．人性；人道；(统称)人类 35．noble adj.贵族的，高贵的；崇高的；宏伟的→nobly adv.崇高地；高贵地；华丽地 36．injury n．损伤；伤害→injure vt.伤害，损害→injured adj.受伤的；受损害的 37．rely vi.依靠；信赖→reliably adv.可靠地；确实地→reliable adj.可信赖的，可靠的 38．nerve n．神经；勇气→nervous adj.神经的；紧张不安的→nervously adv.神经质地；焦急地 39．burning adj.燃烧着的；强烈的→burn vt.& vi.(burnt/burned；burnt/burned)燃烧；烧毁，灼伤；激起……的愤怒 n．烧伤；烫伤；灼伤；烧(或烫、灼)的痕迹→burnt adj.烧焦的；烧伤的 40．faithfully adv.忠诚地，忠实地→faithful adj.忠实的，忠诚的→faith n．信仰；信念；信任 41．serve v．招待，供应；为……服务；对……有用→service n．服务，服侍；服役；仪式→servant n．仆人；佣人 42．bravery n．勇敢；勇气→brave adj.勇敢的，无畏的→bravely adv.勇敢地 43．remote adj.偏远的，偏僻的；遥远的，久远的；远亲的→remotely adv.遥远地；偏僻地→remoteness n．遥远；偏僻 44．concern vt.影响；涉及；使担心 n．担心；关心；关心的事→concerned adj.有关的；关心的→concerning prep.关于；就……而言 45．cooperative adj.合作的；合作社的→cooperatively adv.合作地→cooperation n．合作，协作→cooperate vi.合作，配合；协力 46．unemployed adj.失业的；待业的→unemployment n．失业；失业率；失业人数→employment n．使用；职业；雇用→employ vt.使用，采用；雇用；使忙于→employee n．雇员；从业员工→employer n．雇主，老板 47．firm adj.(动作)稳定有力的；坚定的→firmly adv.坚固地；稳定地 1．capacity n．能力；容量 2．eliminate vt.消除；排除 3．guideline n．指导方针，准则；参考 4．donor n．捐赠者；供体；赠送人 5．leaflet n．散页印刷品；传单；小册子 6．assemble v．集合，聚集；装配；收集 7．recipient n．接受者，接收者 8．recruitment n．招募 9．noticeable adj.显而易见的，显著的；值得注意的 10．shabby adj.破旧的；卑鄙的；吝啬的；低劣的 Ⅱ.背核心短语 1．be worthy of 值得 2．take charge of 负责 3．in return 作为报答 4．be faced with面对，面临 5．all of a sudden突然，猛地 6．over and over again 反复；多次 7．hand out分发；施舍；把……拿出来 8．in trouble 处于不幸中；处于困难中 9．help sb to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来 10．give access to 接见；准许出入；向……开放 11．do not hesitate to do sth 毫不犹豫做某事 12．give sb a hand/do sb a favor帮某人一个忙 13．make a difference 区别对待；有影响；起(重要)作用 14．get down to (doing) sth 开始做某事，开始认真注意(或对待)某事 Ⅲ.悟经典句式 1．There was a time when...曾经一度(那时)…… There was a time when women were looked down upon and had no right to receive education. 曾经有段时期妇女被轻视且没有受教育的权利。 2．完全倒装 Then came the exciting moment when they sold popcorn made by themselves. 他们卖自己做的爆米花的激动人心的时刻到来了。 3．while连接并列句，意为“然而” Some people think we should give money to the poor，while others think we should teach them how to make a living. 一些人认为我们应该给穷人钱，而另一些人认为我们应该教他们如何谋生。 4．now that既然；引导原因状语从句 Now that you have a strong desire to set up the charity，we might as well work together to realize it. 既然你有成立慈善机构的强烈愿望，我们不妨共同努力去实现它。 文中加黑词汇为本话题中的重点词汇 Many volunteers set out 1.for a remote village which was hit by an earthquake.They provided necessary aid to 2.victims(victim) of the earthquake.They also sponsored the 3.donation(donate) to seek more assistance and raise money for 4.the sake of the victims’ well-being and welfare.Their voluntary service 5.played(play) a great role in 6.relieving(relieve) people’s anxiety and fright of the disaster.7.What they did was very 8.influential(influence) and meaningful.They helped the victims 9.bravely(brave) and faithfully.It was the volunteers’ bravery and kindness that helped 10.them(they) out of difficulty. ease n．容易；舒适；自在 vt.& vi.减轻；缓解；(使)安心；(使)宽慰 with ease容易地；不费力地 at ease舒适；悠闲；自在 put/set sb at ease使某人放松/自在 (1)His mind was at ease when he knew that his wife and children were safe and sound. (2)很快，他温暖、灿烂的笑容使我放松下来。在接下来的两个小时里，我们随意地聊着。 Soon，his warm，bright smile put/set me at ease，and we spent the next two hours talking casually. (3)如果我们把他的故事发布到网上，我们就可以很容易地筹到钱来帮助他渡过难关。 If we post his story online，we can raise the money with ease to help him get through difficulty. injury n．伤害；损伤 (injured adj.受伤的injure vt.伤害；损伤) •do sb an injury/do an injury to sb 伤害某人 •get/be injured受伤 • the injured受伤的人；伤员 (1)Please tell your child not to play with knife in case it does him an injury. (2)The injured were sent to the nearest hospital by the rescue team to treat their injuries.(injure) (3)使我们松了一口气的是，那位受伤的老人被志愿者们紧急送往了医院。 To our relief，the elderly man who/that got/was injured was rushed to the hospital by the volunteers. seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought) 试图，设法；寻找，寻求 seek for/after寻找，追求 seek to do sth 试图做某事 seek one’s fortune碰运气；寻找致富之路 seek out挑选；找出 (1)The organization is seeking for/after a practical scheme to solve the problem of loneliness. (2)不久他们就离开了村子到南方寻找财富去了。那意味着他们试图赚一大笔钱。 It was not long before they left their village to seek their fortune in the south.That meant they sought to make a large sum of money. (3)我们怎样才能找到一个真正合适的人来代替这次重要会议的主席？ How can we seek out a really suitable person to replace the chairman of the important meeting? rely vi.依靠；信赖 (reliable adj.可信赖的；可依赖的；可靠的) rely/depend/count on/upon sb/sth 指望/依靠某人/某物 rely on/upon sb to do sth 指望/相信某人会做某事 rely on/upon it that...相信……；指望…… (1)You can rely on those volunteers to help you out，because they are reliable(rely)． (2)When I have trouble in falling asleep，I rely on/upon sleeping pills，which can relieve my sleeplessness. (3)当人们遇到困难时，他们可以依靠慈善机构为他们提供一些及时的援助。 ①When people are in trouble，they can rely on/upon charities to offer them some timely aid.(rely on/upon sb/sth to do) ②When people are in trouble，they can rely on/upon it that charities can offer them some timely aid.(rely on/upon it that...) concern vt.涉及；与……有关；让……担忧n.担心；忧虑；关心；(利害)关系 (concerned adj.担心的；感兴趣的；有关的；参与的 concerning prep.关于) •show/express concern for/about对……表示关心 •be concerned with与……有关 as far as...be concerned就……而言 be concerned about/for对……担心/关心 (1)I’d like to share with you some information concerning(concern) safe rescue. (2)You should tell your parents that you’re fine；otherwise，they would be concerned about/for you. (3)As far as I’m concerned(concern)，you can break down barriers by offering help and getting along well with your neighbors. (4)他们很担心那个女孩，因为她很沮丧。他们认为她最好寻求专业帮助。 They showed/expressed great concern about/for the girl，because she was very depressed.They thought she’d better seek professional help.(concern n．) help sb to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来 •help sb with sth 帮助某人某事 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 can’t help doing sth 忍不住做某事 help...out 帮助……摆脱困境 •be of help(＝be helpful)有帮助 with one’s help(＝with the help of)在……的帮助下 (1)He is warm-hearted and always willing to help others out. (2)When I heard the news that the drown girl came to herself with the help of some rescuers，I couldn’t help crying(cry)． (3)Seeing the boy fall down，I rushed to help him to his feet. (4)捐一些钱让贫困的人能够顺利地接受大学教育会很有帮助。 ①It can be very helpful to donate some money to enable the poor to receive college education smoothly.(it作形式主语；helpful) ②It can be of great help to donate some money to enable the poor to receive college education smoothly.(it作形式主语；help n．) 完全倒装　Then came the exciting moment when they sold popcorn made by themselves.他们卖自己做的爆米花的激动人心的时刻到来了。 完全倒装的几种形式： •表示方位和时间的副词和表示地点的介词短语置于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用完全倒装。若主语是代词，则不用倒装。 •作表语的形容词、分词短语提到系动词前面构成完全倒装。 •there be句型也属于完全倒装，be可以用表示“存在”的动词如：live，stand，remain，exist，lie 等替代。 (1)There stands(stand) a big tree in front of our teaching building，which adds to the beauty of our school. (2)Present at the ceremony were(be) those who made great contributions to our community. (3)铃声一响，孩子们尽可能快地冲了出来。 Instantly the bell rang，out rushed the children as quickly as possible. (4)树荫下坐着一群志愿者，手里拿着医疗用品。 Under the shade of a tree sat a group of volunteers，with medical supplies in their hands. Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．raise (1)With the improvement of people’s living standards，some people form the habit of raising small or domestic animals as pets. C (2)With so many people still smoking in public places，we may need a nationwide campaign to raise awareness of the risks of smoking. A (3)They do this either by providing things that are necessary，or by raising money or helping out in whatever way they can. D (4)From the teacher’s confused look，we could see that he hadn’t expected that we could raise such a confusing question to him. B 2．shelter (1)Forests are very important because they provide shelter and food for birds，animals and insects. A (2)People planted many trees in this area to shelter it from strong sand storms. C (3)Indian authorities are offering aid to the homeless，who are being shifted to temporary shelters. B 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)I wanted to raise a question to the chairman，but in a moment I lost my nerve.勇气，胆量 (2)Breaking up firms like Google into five small ones would not stop remaking themselves：in time，one of them would become great again.公司 (3)We should always remember that many soldiers laid down their lives for the cause of our national independence.事业 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．Here comes(come) the last bus.Hurry up，or we will have to walk home. 2．Children tend to rely on/upon concerned school friends to keep in touch with school work. 3．He sent the injured(injure) to the hospital free of charge，which won everyone’s praise. 4．The children can’t help laughing(laugh) while watching the funny behavior of the clown. 5．Tom was having much trouble getting(get) up in the morning and was always late for work. 6．The mother lost her patience，screaming at her kids and saying something that was a bit too harsh. 7．I’m pleased to serve as a volunteer since I hope I can repay the people that helped me out before. 8．The more you practice speaking English before a speech contest，the more you will put your stressed mind at ease. 9．Scientists have been seeking to understand(understand) the mystery of the “sixth sense” of direction. 10．With the development of tourism，people are becoming increasingly more concerned(concern) about the environment. Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力 1．在一个偏远的山脚下，有一个小村庄，我去年在那里参加了一个志愿者活动。(完全倒装) At the foot of a remote mountain lies a small village，where I participated in a volunteer activity last year. 2．曾经有一段时期我很难适应山村的生活。(There was a time when...) There was a time when I had great difficulty (in) adjusting myself to living in the mountainous village. 3．既然我决定成为一名志愿者，我就克服了所有的困难，并在活动中尽了自己的一份力量。(now that) Now that I decided to be a volunteer，I overcame all difficulties and did my part in the activity. 4．有些人认为做志愿工作可以帮助别人，而我认为这是一个挑战自己的机会。(while) Some people think doing volunteer work can help others，while I believe it is an opportunity to challenge myself. 5．回顾过去，作为志愿者，我所做的一切产生了很大的影响，也使我的生活更有意义。(make a difference) Looking back，what I did as a volunteer made a great difference and made my life more meaningful as well. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，C) The elderly residents(居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely. The project was dreamed up by a local charity(慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing.It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia，a serious illness of the mind.Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use. Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier.She said：“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.” “I like the project a lot.I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they’ve gone to bed.” “It’s good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.I’m enjoying the creative activities，and it feels great to have done something useful.” There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East，and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. Wendy Wilson，extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street，one of the first to embark on the project，said：“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.” Lynn Lewis，director of Notting Hill Pathways，said：“We are happy to be taking part in the project.It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” 1．What is the purpose of the project? A．To ensure harmony in care homes. B．To provide part-time jobs for the aged. C．To raise money for medical research. D．To promote the elderly people’s welfare. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，这个项目的目的是为了提升老年人的幸福感。 2．How has the project affected Ruth Xavier? A．She has learned new life skills. B．She has gained a sense of achievement. C．She has recovered her memory. D．She has developed a strong personality. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据第五段最后一句可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。 3．What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7? A．Improve. B．Oppose. C．Begin. D．Evaluate. 答案　C 解析　词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段画线处前的“one of the first”以及后文“We are looking...bring to people here.”可知，Wendy Wilson是这个项目的发起人之一，所以画线词的含义与C项“Begin (开始)”含义相近。 4．What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs? A．It is well received. B．It needs to be more creative. C．It is highly profitable. D．It takes ages to see the results. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段Wendy Wilson的话“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.”以及最后一段Lynn Lewis的话“We are happy to be taking part in the project.”可知，从最后两段中可以了解到该项目很受欢迎。 细研真题 Ⅰ.宏观把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 本文是说明文。文章介绍了伦敦一家慈善组织推出的一个活动项目——让养老院的老年人养母鸡，以减轻他们的孤独感，提升老年人的幸福感。它还被用来帮助痴呆症患者。 文章的脉络如下： Ⅱ.微观排障——长难句分析 There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East，and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide. 分析　该句为并列句。前半句中含有there be句型，现在分词短语looking after hens作定语；后半句中to do不定式作目的状语。 译文　目前，英国东北部有700名老人在20家疗养院照看母鸡，该慈善机构已经得到了资金支持，以将这项活动推广到全国各地。 Ⅲ.主题词汇积累　语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇 上周末，你班去附近的光明敬老院(Guangming Nursing Home)进行了志愿者服务活动。请你为学校英语报刊写一篇新闻报道，介绍此次活动。内容包括： 1．活动时间、地点； 2．活动内容； 3．活动感受。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 分步练写作 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是为学校英语报刊写一篇新闻报道。写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇新闻报道，写作中应注意新闻报道的常规格式。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主。 3．主体人称：由于是给自己学校英语报刊写新闻报道，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：开篇点题，写出志愿者活动的时间、地点。 第二段：写出具体的活动内容。 第三段：写出对此次活动的具体感受。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心用词] 1．义务工作voluntary work 2．扫地sweep the floor 3．与……聊天chat with 4．老年人the elderly people 5．表达对……的感谢express appreciation for... [连词成句] 1．上周末，我们班去光明敬老院做了一些义务工作。 Last weekend，our class went to Guangming Nursing Home and did some voluntary work. 2．然后我们马上开始工作，擦窗户和扫地。 Then，we started working at once.We cleaned the windows and swept the floor. 3．一切都做完了，所以我们坐在院子里和老人聊天。 Everything was accomplished，so we sat in the yard and chatted with the elderly people. 4．老人们对我们的善举表示了极大的感谢，这使我们非常高兴。 The elderly people expressed their great appreciation for our acts of kindness and it made us very happy. 5．我们很累，但是我们认为这是一次有意义而又难忘的经历。 We were tired，but we thought it was a meaningful and unforgettable experience. [句式升级] 1．用不定式改写句1。 Last weekend，our class went to Guangming Nursing Home to do some voluntary work. 2．用现在分词改写句2。 Then，we started working at once，cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor. 3．用with复合结构和现在分词改写句3。 With everything accomplished，we sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people. 4．用定语从句改写句4。 The elderly people expressed their great appreciation for our acts of kindness，which made us very happy. 5．用as引导的让步状语从句改写句5。 Tired as we were，we thought it was a meaningful and unforgettable experience. 第三步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。 参考范文 Last weekend，our class went to Guangming Nursing Home to do some voluntary work. Upon our arrival，we were warmly welcomed by the elderly people.At first，we presented them with flowers and fruits.Then，we started working at once，cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor.With everything accomplished，we sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.When it was time for us to leave，the elderly people expressed their great appreciation for our acts of kindness，which made us very happy. Tired as we were，we thought it was a meaningful and unforgettable experience.What we did brought joy to others and enriched our own lives as well. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$