主题二 语境13 良好的人际关系与社会交往（复习讲案）（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（话题版 辽鲁琼京津闽渝鄂粤冀湘苏浙黑吉皖甘赣贵桂晋云豫新）

Ⅰ.记重点单词 1．frown vi.皱眉 2．rank n．社会地位 3．parcel n．包裹；邮包 4．status n．法律地位；身份 5．document n．公文，文件 6．random adj.随机的，随意的 7．grocery n．食品杂货店 8．suburb n．郊区，近郊，城郊 9．conflict n．抵触，冲突，矛盾 10．release vt.& n．发表，发布；释放 11．reveal vt.揭示，揭露；展现，显露 12．breakdown n．(关系)破裂；故障 13．rate n．速度；率 vi.& vt.评价，评估 14．acquaintance n．熟人；相识；了解；知道 15．message n．消息；信息 16．chain n．一连串，一系列；链子，链条 17．battle n．，vt.& vi.争论；战斗，搏斗；斗争 18．household n．一家人，同住一栋房子的人 19．envy n．嫉妒，妒忌；羡慕 vt.嫉妒，妒忌；羡慕 20．figure n．数字；人物；图形；画像 vi.& vt.计算；认为 21．view n．看法；视线；景色 vt.把……视为；观看 22．gather vi.聚集，集合 vt.收拢；搜集，收集；聚集 23．scene n．(戏剧等)场；场面，片段；地点，现场；景象，风光 24．network n．人际/关系网，联络网；网络，网状系统 25．sob(sobbed，sobbed) vi.& vt.抽噎，啜泣；呜咽着说 26．swear(swore，sworn) vt.& vi.发誓，宣誓；诅咒 n．宣誓；诅咒 27．target n．(攻击的)目标，对象；靶子 vt.把……作为攻击目标；面向 28．orphan n．孤儿 29．proceed vi.继续进行，继续做 30．bond n．纽带；联系；关系；结合 31．refuse v．拒绝，回绝→refusal n．拒绝 32．congratulate vt.祝贺；恭喜；庆贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺辞 33．celebrate vt.庆祝；举行；赞美→celebration n．庆典，庆祝会；庆祝；颂扬 34．anxious adj.焦虑的，不安的→anxiously adv.焦虑地；不安地→anxiety n．焦虑；担心；渴望 35．dive vi.扑向，急冲进；跳水，潜水→diver n．潜水者；跳水的选手 36．misunderstand vt.误解；误会→misunderstanding n．误解；误会；不和 37．investigate vi.& vt.查明，调查，侦查→investigation n．调查；调查研究 38．freeze vi.& vt.呆住；突然停止；(使)结冰，(使)冻结→freezing adj.冰点以下的，结冰的；极冷的→frozen adj.冷冻的；冷藏的；冻僵 39．interrupt vi.& vt.打断(某人的)讲话，中断(某人的)行动，打扰→interruption n．中断；干扰；中断之事 40．harmony n．协调；和睦；融洽；调和→harmonious adj.和谐的，和睦的；协调的→harmoniously adv.和谐地 41．spot n．粉刺；斑点；污渍；地点，场所v.认出；看见；弄脏→spotted adj.有斑点的；弄污的 42．share v．分享，共用；有同样的感情(或经历)；分担 n．份，份额；股份→shared adj.共享的 43．legal adj.法律的；法律允许的，合法的→legally adv.合法地；法律上→illegal adj.非法的；违法的；违反规则的 44．neighborhood(＝neighbourhood) n．附近；街坊→neighbor n．邻居→neighboring adj.邻近的；附近的 45．consequence n．后果→consequently adv.因此；结果；所以→consequent adj.随之发生的，作为结果的 46．adopt vi.& vt.收养，领养；采取某种方法、政策、态度→adoption n．采用；收养；接受→adopted adj.收养的，领养的 47．despair n．绝望→despairing adj.感到绝望的；表现绝望的→despairingly adv.绝望地 48．amazement n．吃惊，惊奇→amazing adj.令人惊异的→amazingly adv.令人惊讶地；惊奇地→amazed adj.感到惊讶的→amaze v．(使)大为惊奇，惊愕 49．calm vt.使平静，使镇静 adj.镇静的，沉着的→calmly adv.冷静地；平静地；安静地→calmness n．冷静，镇静；平静，安宁 50．press vt.& vi.催促，逼迫；按，压；挤，推 n．报章杂志，报刊；(the press)新闻工作者，新闻界→pressure n．压力；压迫→pressing adj.紧迫的，迫切的 51．privacy n．隐私→private adj.私人的，私有的；私立的；私营的→privately adv.私下地；秘密地 52．stranger n．陌生人；外地人→strange adj.奇怪的；陌生的→strangely adv.奇怪地；奇妙地；不可思议地 53．punctual adj.准时的，守时的；精确的→punctually adv.准时地，如期地→punctuality n．守时 54．mean adj.不善良的；刻薄的 v．打算；意思是→means n．手段；方法→meaning n．意义；含义；意图→meaningful adj.有意义的；意味深长的 55．disagreement n．意见不合，分歧，争论→disagree vi.不同意；不一致；争执；不适宜→agree vi.同意，赞成→agreement n．协议；同意，一致 56．encouragement n．鼓励，鼓舞→encourage vt.鼓励，怂恿；激励；支持→encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的→encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的 1．disregard vt.不理会；漠视 n．忽视；漠视 2．tear-stained adj.有泪痕的 3．sociologist n．社会学家 4．gossip n．流言蜚语；爱说长道短的人 5．resolutely adv.坚决地，坚定地 6．shiver vi.颤抖，哆嗦，发抖 7．closely-knit adj.紧密结合在一起的 8．degrade v．(使)降级，(使)堕落；降低……的身份 9．outskirts n．市郊，郊区，远离城市中心的地区 10．salute n．致敬，欢迎；敬礼 v．行礼致敬，欢迎 Ⅱ.背核心短语 1．small talk闲聊；聊天 2．hang on/hold on等一下；别挂断电话 3．hang up/ring off挂断(电话) 4．social practice社会实践 5．a sense of belonging归属感 6．ask for请求，要求；寻找 7．calm down平静下来，镇静下来 8．wave sb goodbye向某人挥手说再见 9．draw sth out of sth 提取，支取 10．call on访问，拜访；号召，请求 11．hold back隐瞒；退缩；抑制；阻止 12．good manners良好的习惯，有礼貌 13．think sth through充分考虑，全盘考虑，想透 14．from one’s point of view从某人的角度、观点出发 15．see eye to eye with sb (on sth)(在某事上)与某人看法一致 16．get through通过；到达；做完；接通(电话)；度过，熬过(困难时期等) 17．burst into laughter 突然笑起来 18．burst into tears 突然哭起来 Ⅲ.悟经典句式 1．It hit/hits sb that...某人突然想到…… Suddenly it hit me that I could spend the weekend in the nearby holiday camp with my friends. 我突然想起我可以去附近度假营和朋友一起过周末。 2．be likely to do sth 可能做某事 However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. 但是，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且更可能会(用身体)接触对方。 3．not all...部分否定 It must be noted that not all employees agree with the plan，and their opinions are divided on it. 我们要注意的是并不是所有的员工都同意这个计划，他们的意见是有分歧的。 4．have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth做某事有困难 With the guide leading the way，we had no difficulty/trouble (in) getting out of the forest and went home safe and sound. 有向导领路，我们毫不费劲地走出了森林，安全无恙地回到了家。 文中加黑词汇为本话题中的重点词汇 My neighbor made an 1.investigation(investigate)，finding that many people in our community still battled 2.with poverty and lived a hard life.So she posted it on Facebook 3.to call(call) on people to give a helping hand.To her great delight，a number of people made 4.a quick response to it.Then,5.strangers(stranger) gathered together to do something meaningful.Since Christmas 6.was(be) just around the corner，they were determined to buy some gifts and put them at people’s doors.The next day,7.catching(catch) sight of the gift，the people 8.who got help were really amazed.After knowing 9.what had happened，they decided to share their love too，which was a chain of love.Only if everyone gives a little love can we live more 10.harmoniously(harmonious)． envy n．& vt.羡慕；嫉妒 •envy sb (doing) sth 羡慕/嫉妒某人(做)某事 •with envy羡慕地；嫉妒地 green with envy嫉妒地眼红 be the envy of...是令……羡慕或嫉妒的对象 (1)I was green with envy from the bottom of my heart because he had a high social status and was leading a decent life. (2)He successfully opened a grocery store in the suburbs，which became the envy of many people. (3)说实话，我很羡慕你和别人保持良好的人际关系，我应该以你为榜样。 Honestly speaking，I envy you keeping good interpersonal relationships with others and I should follow your example. amaze vt.使惊讶(amazing adj.令人惊异的amazed adj.感到惊讶的 amazingly adv.令人惊异地 amazement n．吃惊；惊讶) •It amazes/amazed sb that...使某人吃惊的是…… •be amazed at/by...对……感到惊讶 be amazed that...对……吃惊 •to one’s amazement 令某人惊奇的是 in amazement 惊奇地 (1)She was amazed that all the children were willing to donate something. (2)To our amazement(amaze)，he took the book away without saying a word and left quietly. (3)对于两年前“中国—爱尔兰”文化节上的各种活动，我真的感到很惊讶。 I was really amazed at a wide range of activities on China-Ireland Cultural Festival two years ago. (4)既惊讶又尴尬，她感觉所有的空气都要消失了，全世界的人似乎都在看着她。(读后续写之心理描写) Amazed and embarrassed，she feels as if all the air were to disappear and people around the world were watching her. spot vt.看见；注意到；发现n.地点；处所；斑点；污迹 (spotted adj.有斑点的；弄污的) •spot sb doing sth 发现某人正在做某事 •on the spot当场；立即；在现场 •be spotted with...满是……斑点 (1)Students were cleaning desks in the classroom which were all spotted with ink. (2)Not only will all kinds of paper-cutting works be on display，but the craftsmen will show visitors how to cut paper into different shapes on the spot. (3)她看见罪犯在向人群开枪。她吓得瑟瑟发抖，不知道该怎么办。 She spotted the criminal shooting at the crowd.She was shivering with fear，not knowing what to do. consequence n．后果；结果 (consequent adj.随之发生的；必然的 consequently adv.因此，结果) as a consequence(＝in consequence＝as a result)结果，因此 as a consequence of(＝in consequence of＝as a result of)由于 (be) of no/little consequence无足轻重；不重要 (1)Consequently(consequence)，conflicts and disagreements between him and his partner led to a breakdown in their relationship. (2)由于缺少政府的支持，这项计划很快就失败了。 ①The plan lacked support from the government.As a consequence/In consequence/As a result，it broke down soon. ②As a consequence of/In consequence of/As a result of the lack of support from the government，the plan broke down soon. call on 访问；要求；正式邀请；呼吁；号召 call up给……打电话；使想起 call off＝cancel取消 call for (公开)要求；需要 call in打电话来；召来，叫来；收回 call at sp拜访(地点) (1)My best friend called me up to tell me our conference was called off.So I decided to call at her home.When I called on my best friend，I caught sight of a picture at her home which let me call up memories of our class trip. (2)为了帮助山区里的贫困儿童，我们号召每个人伸出援助之手，尽力为他们做些事情。(应用文写作之倡议书) In order to help the poor children in the mountainous areas，we call on everyone to give a helping hand and try to do something for them. hold back 阻挡；抵制；克制；控制；退缩；阻止 hold out(食物等)维持；伸出；坚持；给予(希望、机会等) hold up举起；支撑；承受住；耽搁；抢劫 hold on(打电话时用语)请等一下，不要挂断；坚持住，挺住 hold on to抓住；坚持，不放弃；保存，保管 (1)They didn’t know how long their supplies of food and water would hold out.Anxiety flooded through them，as they couldn’t hold it back.They thought no one could hold up under such hardship. (2)幸运的是，人们准备伸出援手，他们也决定坚持到最后。 Fortunately，people were ready to hold out a helping hand and they also determined to hold on to the last. It hit/hits sb＋从句　 Suddenly it hit me that I could spend the weekend in the nearby holiday camp with my friends.我突然想起我可以去附近度假营和朋友一起过周末。 It hits/hit sb that...某人突然想起…… It occurs/occurred/comes/came to sb that...某人突然想到…… It strikes/struck sb that...某人突然想到…… (1)It occurred to me that I would deliver a speech at the meeting tomorrow. (2)我想加入他们，但我突然想到我有更重要的事情要做——第二天的讲座。 ①I wanted to join them，but it occurred/came to me that I had something more important to do—the lecture to be given the next day.(occur/come) ②I wanted to join them，but it struck me that I had something more important to do—the lecture to be given the next day.(strike) ③I wanted to join them，but it hit me that I had something more important to do—the lecture to be given the next day.(hit) be likely to do sth　However，people from places like Spain，Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them.但是，来自像西班牙、意大利或南美等国家的人会站在离别人很近的地方，而且更可能会(用身体)接触对方。 sb/sth be likely to do sth 某人/某物有可能做某事 It is likely that...可能…… It is probable that...可能…… It is possible (for sb) to do sth/It is possible that...(某人)可能做…… (1)In short，it’s possible that you hear the words and pay no attention to the content. (2)It is likely that you make your friends feel embarrassed if you don’t know Chinese table manners. (3)如果你在一个大家庭中长大，你更有可能发展与他人和睦相处的能力。 ①If you grow up in a large family，you are more likely to develop the ability to get on well with others.(be likely to do...) ②If you grow up in a large family，it is more likely that you develop the ability to get on well with others.(it is likely that...) Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．figure (1)I figured that if I took the night train，I could be in Scotland by morning. D (2)These figures are indeed impressive，as has been the growth rate over the last fourteen years. A (3)In order to keep her figure，she not only goes on a diet but also keeps exercising on a daily basis. C (4)When we ask teens to choose a hero，they usually select an older family member rather than a remote public figure. B 2．scene (1)When a policeman arrived on the scene，he was still conscious. B (2)Standing in the watchtower，we admired the surrounding scenes. D (3)The director let the cast have a short break before the next scene. C (4)The team’s victory produced scenes of joy all over the country. A 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)It’s hard to sympathize with someone who is so mean to others.刻薄的 (2)She inherited a share of the family fortune，which made her very delighted.一份；份额 (3)To be honest，I had little acquaintance with modern poetry.了解，知道 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．She had serious conflicts with her friends，and her eyes were red from weeping. 2．We must never lose sight of the fact that man must live in harmony with nature. 3．As a consequence of his hard work，he was eventually admitted to Nanjing University. 4．I have a great passion for music，which is the one thing I can hold on to whatever happens. 5．He was in great trouble in the country，but he refused to come(come) back to his motherland. 6．It amazed me that nearly all the neighbours in our community came to help the drowning girl. 7．Chinese people are more likely to enjoy(enjoy) a lifestyle of communication during holidays，which may add more flavor to their routine life. 8．I spotted a boy playing(play) by the river when I passed by，so I reminded him to keep away from the river. Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力 (应用文写作之建议信) 1．听说你和同学相处有困难，我想给你一些建议。[have difficulty/trouble (in) doing] Learning you have difficulty/trouble (in) getting along with your classmates，I’d like to offer you some advice. 2．我知道你是一名新学生。因此，你可能发现很难适应这个新环境。(as a consequence) I know that you are a new student.As a consequence，you may find it very hard to adapt to the new environment. 3．我很理解你的困扰，但并非你所有的同学都知道你的烦恼。(not all...部分否定) I quite understand your trouble，but not all your classmates know your depression. 4．我突然想到你应该学会敞开心扉，和你的同学交流。(It hit/hits sb that...) It hits me that you should learn to open your heart and communicate with your classmates. 5．通过寻找共同的话题和参加课外活动，你可能会和同学建立更亲密的关系。(be likely to do...) You are likely to establish a closer relationship with your classmates by finding common topics and taking part in after-class activities. (2022·全国甲) Important Things to Know When Dining Out Cultural dining etiquette(礼节) might surprise you with some of its important rules. 1 .Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world. Chopstick Rules The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.When you put them down between bites，always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you. 2 . Hands or Utensils(餐具) In India and the Middle East，it’s considered very rude to eat with your left hand.People in France expect you to eat with a utensil in each hand. 3 ，instead preferring to use their hands.In Chile，you may never touch any food with your fingers.People in Thailand generally use their forks only to push food onto their spoons. Making Requests 4 .In Portugal，this would be a serious mistake，because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills.Similarly，in Italy，never ask for extra cheese to add to your food. Some of these cultural dining etiquette rules may seem random and strange，but they are important in various countries. 5 ，the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices. A．The more friends you make in your lifetime B．The more time you spend in any given country C．Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils D．Don’t get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant E．It’s a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate F．Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them G．It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal 1．答案　D 解析　根据文章标题Important Things to Know When Dining Out可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的一些餐桌礼仪。由此可知，D项符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”，同时引起下文。 2．答案　F 解析　根据本段小标题可知，本段主要讲述的是使用筷子的规则。根据上文“When you put them...of the table in front of you.”可知，此处讲述了正确使用筷子的方式。F项承接上文，也是讲述使用筷子的规则，其中“them”指的是上文中的“chopsticks”。 3．答案　C 解析　根据本段小标题可知，本段主要讲述的是用手还是用餐具吃饭的问题。根据空后的“instead preferring to use their hands”可知，C项符合语境。 4．答案　G 解析　根据本段小标题可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文“In Portugal，this would be...their seasoning skills.”可知，G项符合此处语境，下文中的this指的就是此项中的“to ask for salt and pepper at a meal”。且该选项中的request是原词复现。 5．答案　B 解析　根据下文“the more comfortable you’ll begin to feel with its foreign cultural practices”可推知，此处指在一个国家待得越久，就会越习惯当地习俗，且此处是“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”结构，B项符合文意，引出下文。且下文的its指的就是该项中的any given country。 细研真题 Ⅰ.宏观把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了外出就餐时要知道的一些餐桌礼仪。 文章的脉络如下： Ⅱ.微观排障——长难句分析 In Portugal，this would be a serious mistake，because it shows the chef that you don’t like their seasoning skills. 分析　该句为主从复合句。because引导的是原因状语从句；that引导的是宾语从句。 译文　在葡萄牙，这会是一个很严重的错误，因为这向厨师表明你不喜欢他们的调味技术。 Ⅲ.主题词汇积累　语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇 设空在段首 空格设在段首通常是主题句或承上启下句。 第一步：有小标题的文章，关注小标题，找准小标题的关键词。无小标题的文章，认真阅读空后内容，找出本段重点讲的内容。 第二步：着重阅读空后第一、二句，锁定线索词。 第三步：在选项中查找相关特征词，推断出主题句。 本文中的第4题为段首题，根据策略，其解题步骤如下： Step 1　关注本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段讲的是用餐时提请求的问题。 Step 2　重点看空后第一、二句发现“seasoning skills”是线索词。 Step 3　对比选项发现G项中“a simple request”照应小标题内容；“salt and pepper”对应空后的“seasoning skills”，故G项的意思与本段相符。 (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，应用文写作) 假定你是校广播站英语节目“Talk and Talk”的负责人李华，请给外教Caroline写邮件邀请她做一次访谈。内容包括： 1．节目介绍； 2．访谈的时间和话题。 注意：词数80左右。 Dear Caroline， Yours sincerely， Li Hua 分步练写作 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一封邮件。写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一封邀请信。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3．主体人称：人称应该以第一人称和第二人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：写信目的。 第二段：节目介绍；访谈的时间和话题。 第三段：表达感谢，期待回复。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心用词] 1．负责；掌管in charge of 2．参加；参与 participate in 3．越来越受学生的欢迎gained increasing popularity among students 4．(范围)从……到…… range from...to... 5．预定做某事；计划做be scheduled to do 6．对某人来说做某事是方便的it is convenient for sb to do sth 7．将……考虑在内 take...into account/consideration [连词成句] 1．我是李华，负责“Talk and Talk”。 I am Li Hua，in charge of “Talk and Talk”。 2．“Talk and Talk”是我们学校广播电台的一档英语节目。 “Talk and Talk” is an English programme in our school broadcast station. 3．“Talk and Talk”是每周一次的广播节目。自从开播以来，越来越受学生的欢迎。 “Talk and Talk” is a weekly broadcast programme.It has gained increasing popularity among students since its launch. 4．它涵盖各种各样的话题。话题范围从音乐、体育到学习策略。 It is intended to cover various topics and the topics range from music，sports to study strategies. 5．你方便就给定的话题给我们一些建议吗？ Is it convenient for you to give us some advice on the given topic? [句式升级] 1．用定语从句将句1和句2合并。 I am Li Hua，in charge of “Talk and Talk”，which is an English programme in our school broadcast station. 2．用同位语改写句3。 “Talk and Talk”，a weekly broadcast programme，has gained increasing popularity among students since its launch. 3．用现在分词短语作定语改写句4。 It is intended to cover various topics ranging from music，sports to study strategies. 4．将句5改写为I wonder后的宾语从句。 I wonder if it is convenient for you to give us some advice on the given topic. 第三步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。 参考范文 Dear Caroline， I am Li Hua，in charge of “Talk and Talk”，which is an English programme in our school broadcast station.I am writing to invite you to participate in our show. “Talk and Talk”，a weekly broadcast programme，has gained increasing popularity among students since its launch.It is intended to cover various topics ranging from music，sports to study strategies.Therefore，the topic of the coming show will be how to improve oral English.The show is scheduled to be held at 8 a．m.every Friday.I wonder if it is convenient for you to give us some advice on the given topic.It is certain that all students will benefit much from your speech. I would appreciate it if you could take my invitation into account.Looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$