主题二 语境12 良好的人际关系与社会交往（复习讲案）（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（话题版 辽鲁琼京津闽渝鄂粤冀湘苏浙黑吉皖甘赣贵桂晋云豫新）

Ⅰ.记重点单词 1．maintain v．保持，维持 2．partner n．伙伴，搭档 3．personality n．个性，性格 4．manner n．方式，方法 5．mate n．朋友，伙伴 6．friction n．争执；摩擦 7．delay vi.& vt.推迟，延期 n．延迟；延期 8．plain adj.简单的，朴素的 9．handle vt.处理(难题)；应付(局面) 10．bend(bent；bent) vi.& vt.弯腰；俯身 11．straightforward adj.坦诚的；简单的 12．somewhat adv.有点，有几分，稍微 13．integrate vt.& vi.(使)合并；(使)加入 14．chase vi.& vt.追赶；努力赢得 n．追逐，追赶 15．pessimistic adj.悲观的，悲观主义的 16．extraordinary adj.令人惊奇的，异乎寻常的 17．upset(upset；upset) vt.使心烦；扰乱；打翻 adj.心烦的；混乱的；弄翻的 n．混乱 18．gesture n．手势，姿势；姿态，表示 vt.& vi.做手势，用手势示意 19．deliver v．递送，传送；分娩→delivery n．[贸易] 交付；分娩；递送 20．unfold v．(卷着的东西)展开，打开→fold v．折叠；可折叠 21．reject vt.拒绝接受，不予考虑；不录用；排斥→rejection n．抛弃；拒绝 22．reserved adj.含蓄的；内敛的→reserve v．预订(座位等)；储备→reservation n．预订，预约 23．negotiate vt.& vi.谈判；商定，达成(协议)→negotiation n．谈判；协商 24．clarify vt.使清晰易懂，阐明→clarification n．澄清，说明；净化 25．knowledgeable adj.博学的，有见识的→knowledge n．知识，学问 26．grateful adj.感激的，表示感谢的→gratefully adv.感激地；感谢地→gratitude n．感激之情；感谢 27．approval n．赞许；同意→approve vt.& vi.赞成；批准，通过(计划、要求等) 28．social adj.社会的，社交的→socialize(＝socialise) vt.使社会化 vi.交际；参与社交→sociable adj.好交际的；友善的 29．preference n．偏爱，偏好→prefer (preferred；preferred) vt.更喜欢；宁愿 30．stimulation n．刺激→stimulate vt.刺激；鼓舞，激励 31．demanding adj.要求严格的；费力的→demand n．要求；需求 v．强烈要求 32．rude adj.粗鲁的，无礼的→rudely adv.无礼地；粗暴地→rudeness n．无礼；粗蛮 33．invitation n．邀请→invite vt.邀请，招待；招致→inviting adj.诱人的；有魅力的 34．dominate vi.& vt.主宰，支配，控制→dominated adj.占主导地位的→domination n．控制；支配 35．humour(＝humor) n．幽默感→humorous adj.诙谐的，幽默的→humorously adv.幽默地；滑稽地 36．occasionally adv.偶尔；偶然→occasion n．时机，机会；场合→occasional adj.偶然的 37．practical adj.实际的；切实可行的→practically adv.实际地；事实上→practice n．实践；练习；惯例 v．(＝practise)练习；实习 38．distracted adj.心神不定的，精神无法集中的→distract vt.转移；分心→distraction n．分散注意力的事；消遣；心烦意乱 39．depressed adj.沮丧的，抑郁的→depressing adj.令人沮丧的→depress vt.压抑；使沮丧→depression n．沮丧 40．engagement n．参与→engage vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣) vi.参加；参与→engaged adj.忙碌的；使用中的；已订婚的 41．appointed adj.约定的，指定的→appointment n．约定；约会→appoint vt.任命；指定；约定 42．bitterly adv.痛苦地，愤怒地→bitter adj.苦的；痛苦的→bitterness n．苦味；苦难；怨恨 43．ashamed adj.感到羞耻的，感到惭愧的→shame n．羞耻，羞愧→shameful adj.可耻的 44.intend vt.& vi.打算；想要；意指→intention n．计划，意图→intentional adj.故意的；蓄意的；策划的→intentionally adv.故意地，有意地 45．precisely adv.准确地，恰好地；正是，确实→precise adj.精确的；明确的；严格的→preciseness n．严谨；精确；古板 46．unmotivated adj.不积极的，不主动的→motivated adj.积极的，主动的→motivation n．动力，积极性→motivate v．激励，使有动机，激发……的积极性 47．extreme adj.极其的；非常的→extremely adv.极其；极度 1．feedback n．反馈意见 2．trait n．特性，特征 3．correspond v．通信；相一致 4．empathy n．同感，共鸣；同情 5．intervene vi.干涉，干预 6．sociable adj.社交的；好交际的；友善的 7．compliment n．恭维；称赞 8．interpersonal adj.人际的；人与人之间的 9．self-conscious adj.难为情的；自觉的 10．insult v．侮辱；辱骂；损害 n．侮辱；无礼 Ⅱ.背核心短语 1．hang out闲逛，厮混 2．see sb off 给某人送行 3．show respect for尊重 4．on behalf of sb 代表某人 5．call up/ring up给……打电话 6．social networking社交网络 7．associate with sb 与某人来往 8．be concerned about关心，挂念 9．communicate with与……交流 10．keep company with和……结交 11．be ready to help others乐于助人 12．turn down关小，调低；拒绝 13．turn up(意外地或终于)出现 14．conflict with 与……冲突或抵触 15．get along/on well with与……关系良好 16．open up a conversation开启一段谈话 17．share feelings and ideas with与……分享感受和观点 18．put oneself in sb’s shoes 处于某人的境地，设身处地 19．lose track of不了解……的情况，不了解……的动态 20．thanks to多亏了 Ⅲ.悟经典句式 1．since引导的时间状语从句 I have been exposed to foreign teachers since I was five years old，so I can communicate freely with others in English. 从5岁起我就接触外教，因此，我能够用英语和其他人自由交流。 2．“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 I found a very mixed group of individuals，some of whom I could relate to and others with whom I had very little in common. 我发现了一群形形色色的人，其中一些人能和我合得来，而其他的则和我根本合不来。 3．can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事 While shopping，people sometimes can’t help being persuaded into buying something they don’t really need. 在购物时，人们有时禁不住被说服买一些他们并不真正需要的东西。 4．do强调谓语动词 We have kept in touch with each other for ten years since we got in touch ten years ago and I do believe that we will never lose touch with each other. 自十年前取得联系以来，我们已经保持联系十年了，我真的相信我们永远不会再失去联系。 文中加黑词汇为本话题中的重点词汇 There was a time 1.when I was upset about some small things.So I should find a solution to relaxing 2.myself(I) without delay.At the invitation of a good friend，I 3.packed(pack) my things and reserved a train ticket to Hainan.The moment I saw my good friend，half of my worries disappeared.We went to the beach 4.to enjoy(enjoy) the beautiful scenery and then we came into a coffee shop just for a chat.It was 5.a pleasure to talk with him.He was so lively,6.humorous(humour) and sociable，which made me feel 7.relaxed(relax) to communicate with him.My friend’s 8.optimism(optimistic) somewhat infected me，and my depression 9.was swept(sweep) away by his motivation.It was because I had such a friend 10.that I wasn’t upset and didn’t feel lonely any longer.Not until then did I really realize the value of friends. approval n．赞成；认可(approve vt.批准；认可；通过vi.赞成；赞同 approving adj.赞成的；同意的) 得到某人的认可  give one’s approval to赞同，批准 •approve sth 批准/通过某事 approve of (sb/one’s) doing sth 赞同(某人)做某事 (1)After hearing the proposal，all people present rose from their chairs and applauded，nodding in approval(approve)． (2)The professor made no comment on the speech but gave an approving(approve) nod. (3)如果您能批准我们筹集资金的提议，我将不胜感激。(应用文写作之感谢信) ①I would appreciate it if you could approve our proposal to raise money.(approve) ②I would appreciate it if you could give your approval to our proposal to raise money.(approval) (4)我的父亲同意我们制作一个视频来记录我们在夏令营的经历，在那里我们度过了美好的时光。 My father approved of us/our making a video to record our experiences at the summer camp where we had a great time. deliver vt.递送，传递；发表(演说等)；分娩(delivery n．传递，递送，传送) deliver...to...把……递送给某人/递送到某地(deliver后不跟双宾语) deliver a speech发表演讲 be delivered of(＝give birth to)分娩，生…… (1)As long as you’ve paid in advance，you won’t be charged for delivery(deliver)． (2)我们对西方艺术很好奇，所以想请你做一个关于西方艺术历史的演讲。(应用文写作之邀请信) We are curious about Western art，so we’d like you to deliver a speech about the history of it. (3)青少年们爬上几十层楼梯，为被困在高层建筑中的老人送去水和食物。 Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people trapped in high-rise buildings. grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的(gratitude n．感激之情；感谢) be grateful that...感激…… be grateful to sb for sth 因某事而感激某人 be grateful to do sth 因做某事而感激 I would be grateful if you could do...如果你能做……，我将不胜感激。 (1)I am writing to express my gratitude(grateful) for what you have done for me.(应用文写作之感谢信) (2)I was so grateful to all those volunteers because they carried me through a depressing day. (3)我认为我有资格成为一名志愿者。如果您能给我一次机会，我将非常感激。(应用文写作之求职信) I think I am qualified to be a volunteer.I would be grateful if you could give me a chance. upset adj.心烦的；苦恼的；不安的；不适的 vt.(upset，upset)使不安；使心烦；打翻；打乱 •be upset about/over/at sth 为某事心烦 be upset to do sth 对做某事感到不安 •What upsets sb is...让某人心烦的是…… It upsets sb to do sth/that...做某事让某人心烦/让某人心烦的是…… (1)I am so upset to hear(hear) that his father hasn’t recovered from the operation. (2)The author was upset about/over/at the conference because no one kept in mind his tips about online safety. (3)她申请公司的职位被拒绝了，这让她感到很沮丧。 ①Her application for a position in the company was turned down，which made her very upset.(非限制性定语从句；upset adj.) ②What upset her was that her application for a position in the company was turned down.(what引导的主语从句；upset vt.) ③It upset her that her application for a position in the company was turned down.(it作形式主语；upset vt.) hang out挂出；闲逛 •hang out with与……出去玩；与……闲逛 hang on to...坚持下去；握住不放 hang around闲荡；徘徊 hang up 挂断电话；搁置，拖延 •get the hang of 得知……的窍门；熟悉某物的用法 (1)用hang短语的正确形式填空 ①It is often the case that anything is possible for those who hang on to hope. ②His parents told me that he used to skip lessons and hang around the harbour with his mates. ③However，when she hung up，she regretted the way she had handled the call. ④Teaming up with his partners on the difficult problem，he soon got the hang of it and worked out the problem. (2)屋顶上还有一个区域，夏天的时候可以和其他游客一起出去玩。(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ) There’s also an area on the rooftop for hanging out with other travelers during the summer. since引导的时间状语从句　I have been exposed to foreign teachers since I was five years old，so I can communicate freely with others in English.从5岁起我就接触外教，因此，我能够用英语和其他人自由交流。 •since引导的时间状语从句中，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时，since从句用一般过去时。 •句型：It is/has been＋一段时间＋since...自从……以来已经多长时间了 (1)As far as I know，it is/has been (be) three years since we were reunited with each other last time. (2)自从我大学毕业后，我一直梦想着环游世界。 Since I graduated from university，I have been dreaming of traveling all over the world. (3)自从我来到这个新学校，已经一个月了，我真的想和你们分享一些我一直在经历的问题。 It’s been a month since I came to this new school and I really want to share with you some of the problems I have been experiencing. Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．handle A.n.拉手；把手　B.v.操纵　C.v.应付；处理　D.v.触碰，拿 (1)Tea in China is traditionally drunk from cups without handles. A (2)Driving a car is not just handling controls and judging speed and distance. B (3)Don’t handle the vase as if it were made of steel.You should handle it with care. D (4)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day. C 2．gesture (1)Melanie nodded her head and gestured toward the boy that it was time to go. C (2)They sent some flowers as a gesture of sympathy to the parents of the child. A (3)I was very upset and started to make gestures，but the waiter didn’t understand me. B 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)Experts say it’s an invaluable social practice that results in big benefits.实践 (2)Rita’s husband is away for a week，so I’d go over and keep her company.陪伴 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．Recently，she’s been very depressed and upset about/over/at this whole situation. 2．Now that you have approved of my idea，I will introduce it to you in detail. 3．More than ten bridges have been built over the river in this city since it set up a new economic zone. 4．Where did Lewis intend to park(park) his car when he came back from work? 5．We should appreciate the people who help us gratefully(grateful) in our life. 6．It is a good idea to place your order well in advance as delivery(deliver) can often take months rather than weeks. Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力 (话题写作之友谊) 1．我已经有很长时间没有见到李伟了，他是我最好的朋友之一。(since引导的时间状语从句) It has been a long time since I saw Li Wei，who is one of my best friends. 2．我忍不住给他发短信，这样我们可以更好地维护我们的友谊。(can’t help doing...) I can’t help sending text messages to him so that we can better maintain our friendship. 3．我有许多朋友，其中有些人总是很善解人意。(“代词＋介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句) I have a great number of friends，some of whom are always very understanding. 4．我确实认为真正的友谊应该建立在相互理解和有相似理想的基础上。(强调谓语动词) I do believe that true friendship should be based on mutual understanding and similar ideals. 5．我非常感激有这样的朋友，我可以向其倾诉一切，比如我最深的感受和想法。(be grateful to do；定语从句) I am so grateful to have such friends who/whom I can tell everything to，like my deepest feelings and thoughts. (2021·全国乙) According to Jessica Hagy，author of How to Be Interesting，it’s not difficult to make yourself interesting at a dinner party. 1 ，if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time.So the main thing is just to show up and be adventurous，trying different foods and talking to strangers. People love to talk about themselves.If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living？”，you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 2 ，it can bring in “I have this old，broken-down vehicle” or “I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.” It just opens up conversation. 3 ？ If you can’t take their wine away，you should certainly try to take away their soapbox (讲台)．If you’re the host，you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation. 4 . And what about that other dinner-party killer：awkward silence? If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party，the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬)． 5 .Just quickly turn around and say，“This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.” So being interesting at a dinner party isn’t that hard. A．How do you know the host B．The first step is to go exploring C．If you ask the question “How did you get here？” D．Be prepared to have awkward conversations with strangers E．Or turn the conversation into a topic where they have little to say F．What about that person who has had too much to drink or won’t stop talking G．He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most 1．答案　B 解析　根据空后的“if you’re out of your comfort zone or if you’re wandering into somebody’s house for the first time”可知，空处内容应与走出舒适区或者第一次去别人的家里的做法有关，再结合下文的“just to show up and be adventurous，trying different foods and talking to strangers”可知，露面、敢于冒险、尝试不同的食物以及和陌生人交谈是应该做的事。B项“第一步是去探索”是对这些做法的总结，符合语境。 2．答案　C 解析　根据此空后的逗号和空后的句子可知，此空应该填入一个从句。再根据空后的“I have this old，broken-down vehicle”“I rode the bus with these crazy people who were laughing at silly jokes in the back.”可知，空处应涉及交通方式的问题。C项“如果你问‘你怎么到这里的？’”符合语境。 3．答案　F 解析　根据空后的问号可知，此处应填入一个问句，故把答案锁定在A、F项中。空后的“If you can’t take their wine away”“their soapbox(讲台)”与F项中的“has had too much to drink”“won’t stop talking”分别对应，故选F项。 4．答案　E 解析　E项“或者把谈话转向一个他们几乎无话可说的话题”承接空前的“If you’re the host，you can ask them to help you in the kitchen with something and just remove them from the situation.”，给出了另一种选择，符合语境。 5．答案　G 解析　本段主要讲面对“dinner-party killer：awkward silence”时应该怎么办。根据空前的“the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬)”可知，解决办法是赞扬晚宴的主人，G项“他或她是最能感受到这种尴尬的人”符合语境。G选项中的“He or she”指代前文的the host，“awkwardness”同根词复现也是解题提示。 细研真题 Ⅰ.宏观把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在晚宴上让自己表现得有趣的一些方法。 文章的脉络如下： Ⅱ.微观排障——长难句分析 If you can start the conversation with a question other than “What do you do for a living？”，you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation out of whomever it is you’re talking to. 分析　该句为主从复合句。If引导条件状语从句；whomever引导宾语从句；主句为：you’ll be able to get a lot more interesting conversation。 译文　如果你可以用另一个问题开始对话，而不是“你做什么工作？”，你就能从和你谈话的人那里得到更多有趣的对话。 Ⅲ.主题词汇积累　语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇 代词指代法 代词指代主要是指代前面提及的名词、短语或句子概念，并弄清指代的是单数还是复数形式。 第一步：着重阅读空前空后句子，关注名词或代词。 第二步：在选项中搜索相关关键词。 第三步：对比选项，得出结论。 本文中第5题用的就是代词指代法，根据策略，其解题步骤如下： Step 1　阅读空前空后的句子：根据空前句“If you’re faced with an awkward silence at a dinner party，the only thing that always gets everyone talking again is to give the host a compliment(赞扬)．”可知此句中有个关键词“the host”；根据空后句“Just quickly turn around and say，‘This cake is extremely delicious and you have to tell me all about it.’”可找到关键词“you”，因此，可推测空格所在句应提到某个人。 Step 2　在选项中搜索关键词发现：G项“He or she is the person who is feeling the weight of that awkwardness the most”中含有“He or she”。 Step 3　选项G中的“He or she”代指空前句子中的“the host”单数形式，故正确答案为G。 (2022·浙江1月，应用文写作改编) 假定你是李华，在“中国—爱尔兰文化节”活动中结识了爱尔兰朋友Chris，现在他已回国。请你给他写一封邮件，内容包括： 1．回忆活动经历； 2．分享个人收获； 3．希望保持联系。 注意： 1．词数80左右； 2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Chris， How are you doing these days？ Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua 分步练写作 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求是写一封邮件。写作时应注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一封回忆信。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般过去时为主。 3．主体人称：人称应该以第一人称和第二人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：引出主题。 第二段：回忆活动经历，分享个人收获。 第三段：表达祝愿，希望保持联系。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心用词] 1．中国—爱尔兰文化节 the China-Ireland Cultural Festival 2．(范围)从……到…… range from...to... 3．最精美的艺术 the finest arts 4．给……留下深刻的印象 leave a deep impression on 5．与……保持联系 keep in touch with [连词成句] 1．在那个节日上，你分享了很多你们国家有趣的事。 At that festival，you shared so many interesting things about your country. 2．通过那些有趣的事，我了解了很多关于你们的食物、文化和历史的知识。 I learned a lot about your food，culture and history through the interesting things. 3．我们也欣赏了从京剧到爱尔兰歌曲等最精美的艺术，它们给我留下了深刻的印象。 We also appreciated the finest arts ranging from Beijing Opera to the Irish songs，and they left a deep impression on me. 4．我最珍惜我们之间珍贵的友谊。 I treasure the precious friendship with you most. 5．我希望我们能经常保持联系。 I hope we can keep in touch with each other often. [句式升级] 1．用“介词＋which”引导的定语从句将句1和句2合并。 At that festival，you shared so many interesting things about your country，through which I learned a lot about your food，culture and history. 2．用强调句型改写句4。 It is the precious friendship with you that I treasure most. 3．用do强调谓语改写句5。 I do hope we can keep in touch with each other often. 第三步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。 参考范文 Dear Chris， How are you doing these days? It has been a year since you came back to Ireland.I miss you so much. I still remember the very day when we met for the first time.At that festival，you shared so many interesting things about your country，through which I learned a lot about your food，culture and history.Besides，we also appreciated the finest arts ranging from Beijing Opera to the Irish songs，and they left a deep impression on me.We really enjoyed ourselves there.What’s far more important is that we became good friends then.It is the precious friendship with you that I treasure most. I am pleased to know that you are leading a happy life in your hometown.I do hope we can keep in touch with each other often. Best wishes! Yours， Li Hua 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$