主题一 语境11 创新与创业意识（复习讲案）（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（话题版 辽鲁琼京津闽渝鄂粤冀湘苏浙黑吉皖甘赣贵桂晋云豫新）

Ⅰ.记重点单词 1．weekly adj.每周的 2．budget n．预算 3．decline vi.减少，降低 4．anticipate vt.预计(并做准备)；预料 5．subjective adj.主观的 6．well-being n．健康，幸福 7．craftsmanship n．手艺；工艺；技艺 8．spotlight n．聚光灯；媒体的关注 9．harsh adj.恶劣的，艰苦的，严峻的 10．device n．设备，装置 11．launch vt.发射；发动，发起，开始从事 12．subsequently adv.后来，随后 13．perceive vt.察觉，注意到，发觉 14．criterion n．(pl.criteria) 标准，准则 15．novel adj.新奇的；新颖的 n．小说 16．joint adj.联合的，共同的，共有的 17．grand adj.宏伟的，壮丽的，隆重的 18．specifically adv.特定地，专门地 19．mass n．大量，许多 adj.大量的 20．receipt n．收到的款项，收入；收据 21．groundwork n．基础工作，准备工作 22．labour-saving adj.节省劳力的 23．candidate n．候选人；应试者；被认定适合者 24．profile n．概述；形象；侧面轮廓 vt.概述，写简介 25．constant adj.恒久不变的；持续不断的，经常发生的 n．常量，恒量 26．coin n．硬币，钱币 vt.铸造(货币)；杜撰，创造 27．regulate vt.控制，管理→regulation n．管理；规则；校准 28．gift n．礼物；天赋；赠品 vt.赋予；向……赠送→gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的 29．explode vi.& vt.(使)爆炸；急剧增长→explosion n．爆炸；爆发；激增 30．humble adj.谦虚的，谦卑的→humbly adv.谦逊地；卑贱地；低声下气地 31．propose vt.提议；打算；求婚→proposal n．提议，建议；求婚 32．evaluation n．评估，评价→evaluate v．评价；估价；求……的数值 33．finding n．研究的结果；发现→find vt.查找，找到；发现；认为；感到；获得 34．preserve vt.保存(食物)，腌制；维护，保护 n．腌菜，果酱→preservation n．保存，保留 35．operation n．手术；运转，操作→operator n．电话接线员；操作员→operate vi.运转；动手术；起作用 vt.操作；经营 36．uncomplicated adj.不复杂的，简单的；单纯的→complicated adj.难懂的，复杂的 37．restoration n．(旧建筑或旧家具等的)修复，整修→restore vt.恢复；修复；归还 38．scientific adj.科学(上)的→science n．科学；技术；学科；理科→scientist n．科学家 39．relativity n．相对性→relative adj.相对的；相关联的 n．亲戚；相关物→relatively adv.相当地；相对地，比较地 40．invent vt.发明；创造→invention n．发明；发明物→inventor n．发明家；创造者 41．availability n．可用性→available adj.可获得的；可利用的；可找到的；有空的→availability n．可用性，有效性→unavailable adj.难以获得的；不能利用的；忙的 42．accuracy n．准确性；精准度；正确，准确→accurate adj.正确的，准确的→accurately adv.精确地，准确地 43．emerge vi.出现，浮现→emergence n．出现，浮现；发生；露头→emergency n．紧急情况；突发事件→emergent adj.新兴的；处于发展初期的 44．theoretical adj.理论的→theoretically adv.理论地；理论上→theory n．理论；原理 45．prosperous adj.富裕的，繁荣的，兴旺的，发达的→prosperously adv.繁荣地；幸运地→prosperity n．繁荣，成功 46．analysis n．分析→analyse vt.分析；分解→analyst n．分析者；心理分析医师 47．innovation n．新发明，新方法，新观念；革新，创新→innovative adj.革新的，创新的；新颖的；有创新精神的→innovate vi.& vt.创新；改革；革新 48．productive adj.多产的；丰饶的；富有成效的→productively adv.有结果地；有成果地；多产地→production n．生产；产量→product n．作品；产品；产物→produce vt.生产；引起；创作；繁殖 n．农产品，产品→productivity n．生产力；生产率 49．commercial adj.商业的，贸易的；盈利的；商业性的→commercially adv.商业上→commercialize vt.使商业化；使商品化 50．illustrate vt.说明，阐明；给(书籍、文章等)加插图→illustration n．说明；插图；例证；图解→illustrator n．插图画家；说明者；图解者 51．revolution n．彻底变革，革命→revolutionary adj.革命的；大变革的→revolutionize v．发动革命，推翻原有政府；从事革命；彻底改革 1．staff n．全体职员；行政人员 2．entrepreneur n．创业者；企业家 3．resolution n．正式决定，决议；决心 4．contract n．合同，契约；婚约 5．workforce n．劳动力；工人总数，职工总数 6．blue-collar adj.蓝领阶级的，体力劳动者的 7．CEO (chief executive officer)首席执行官；执行总裁 8．vacant adj.空的；空缺的；空虚的，茫然的；空闲的 9．painstaking adj.艰苦的；勤勉的；小心的 n．辛苦；勤勉 10．personnel n．人事部门；全体人员 adj.人员的；有关人事的 Ⅱ.背核心短语 1．earn a living谋生 2．prior to在……之前 3．comfort zone舒适区，放松区 4．put one’s best foot forward全力以赴 5．set up建立；装配；开业；竖立 6．break new ground开辟新的领域；有新发现 7．by trial and error反复试验(以得出最佳结果) 8．swing into action立即行动起来；马上大干起来 9．the cutting edge (of sth)(某事物发展的)尖端，最前沿 10．think outside the box跳出固有思维模式，跳出框架思考 11．be enthusiastic about热衷于……，对……充满热情 12．break away (from sb/sth) 突然挣脱；逃脱；脱离，背叛 13．be fond of喜爱；喜欢 14．deep down在内心深处；本质上；实际上 Ⅲ.悟经典句式 1．compared with...与……相比 The application of AI technologies in health care industry is in an initial stage compared with that in automatic driving. 人工智能技术在医疗产业中的应用相较于在自动驾驶领域的应用，还处在初始阶段。 2．否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装 Never will he pass his driving test because he is distracted by everything around him. 他永远无法通过驾照考试，因为周围的一切都会分散他的注意力。 3．if only虚拟语气 If only you had taken my advice，you would not have made so many mistakes in your work. 你要是听了我的劝告就不会在工作中犯这么多错误了。 4．get sth done让某物被做 This will force you to get work done earlier in the morning，and make it unnecessary to skip sleep to get things finished. 这将迫使你在早上提前把工作完成，并使你不必熬夜工作。 文中加黑词汇为本话题中的重点词汇 My good friend once earned a living 1.on a tight budget.2.To improve(improve) his living standards，he decided to establish a company by 3.applying(apply) for a loan.He 4.overcame(overcome) the harsh conditions and established his own clothing company.In the beginning，sales of the company 5.were(be) not high.To solve the problem，he launched a 6.promotion(promote) campaign and the sales soared 7.dramatically(dramatic)．Thanks to the joint efforts of him and his family，large 8.masses(mass) of orders followed.After 9.continuous(continue) efforts，the company is operating well.There is no doubt that it is his gift for commerce and humble attitude 10.that have enabled him to succeed. gift n．礼物；天赋；赠品vt.授予；向……赠送 (gifted adj.有天赋的；有才华的) •give sb a gift给某人一份礼物 have a gift/talent for...对……有天赋 •be gifted/talented in...在……方面有天赋 (1)We all consider my father as a genius，for he is gifted in repairing everything. (2)他具有想出新奇方法解决难题的天赋。 He has a gift for coming up with a novel way to solve tough problems. propose v．提议；打算；求婚(proposal n．提议，建议；求婚) •propose doing...建议做…… propose that...(should) do...建议…… propose to do/doing...打算做…… •the proposal to do...做……的建议 proposal后的同位语从句需用虚拟语气，即谓语部分为(should)do形式。 (1)They rejected the proposal to build(build) more office accommodation. (2)His proposal that the system (should) be changed(change) was rejected，because it was unreasonable. (3)我们建议跳出固有的思维模式来解决这一严峻的问题。 ①We propose thinking outside the box to solve the harsh problem.(propose doing) ②We propose that we (should) think outside the box to solve the harsh problem.(propose that...) decline n．衰落；衰败；减少；下降 v．衰落；减少；下降；婉言谢绝 •a decline in在……方面下降 in decline/on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路 •decline to do...拒绝做…… decline to减少到…… decline by减少了…… (1)The sales of the products declined by 10% last year，so we must constantly adapt and innovate to ensure success in a growing market. (2)But before they can be assured，more efforts must be made，because the population of the crane in the wild is on the decline. (3)我们应该进行技术上的改革，否则我们的销售率会随着技术的发展而下降。 We should make technological revolution，otherwise our sales rate will be in decline/on the decline with the development of technology. (4)霍华德拒绝来，既然那样，我们可以请别人帮我们克服困难。 Howard has declined to come and in that case we can ask somebody else to help us overcome the difficulties. mass adj.大量的；大规模的n.团，块，堆；大量；群众；(物理学术语)质量 (massive adj.巨大的；结实的；非常严重的) masses of＋名词＋谓语动词复数 a mass of＋ the masses群众 (1)The masses are(be) often the makers of history and they are also the makers of people’s well-being. (2)He builds massive(mass) sculptures out of plastic garbage，forcing viewers to re-examine their relationship to single-use plastic products.(2021•全国乙) (3)有些人可能认为花园无非就是植物、花卉、图案和大量的颜色。 Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants，flowers，patterns and masses of color. operate v．经营；动手术；操作(机器)；起作用，奏效；(机器)运转；运作 (operation n．操作；经营；手术 operator n．话务员；操作员；经营者) •operate on/upon sb 给某人动手术 •come/go into operation开始工作(生效) put/bring...into operation实施；实行 (1)He told the telephone operator(operate) that his call was a matter of life and death. (2)The patient was in great danger，so the doctors decided to operate on/upon him immediately. (3)为了阻止环境继续受到污染，一项新政策将于下个月开始实施。 To keep the environment from being continually polluted，a new policy will come/go into operation next month. break away (from sb/sth) 突然离开；脱离；背叛；逃脱 break up打碎；分裂，解体；结束；(关系等)破裂 break down(身体)垮掉；(机器等)出故障；分解 break into(及物)破门而入 break in(不及物)破门而入；打断；插话 break out (战争、洪水、火灾等)爆发 break through取得突破；克服，战胜 (1)用break短语的正确形式填空 ①Her friends came to help her when the war broke out. ②There was no one nearby who might see him trying to break into the house. ③Scientists think they are beginning to break through in the fight against cancer. ④They plan to break up the company into several smaller independent companies. ⑤Berry agrees and hopes her team’s findings might one day help to break down plastics in landfills. (2)我们能做些什么来帮助他们改善情况，摆脱困境呢？ What can we do to help them improve the situation and break away from the difficult position? 否定词置于句首引起的部分倒装　Never will he pass his driving test because he is distracted by everything around him.他永远无法通过驾照考试，因为周围的一切都会分散他的注意力。 否定词置于句首要用部分倒装语序，即把谓语动词的一部分(助动词、情态动词或be动词)提到主语之前。 (1)In no case should we prevent the students from exploring new ideas. (2)Not until last week did they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. (3)Hardly could I hold back my excitement when I heard that you would come to China. (4)Not only were(be) these movies making money，but they were also perceived to be original. (5)If the new safety system had been put into use，the accident would never have happened. →Never would the accident have happened if the new safety system had been put into use.(部分倒装) 用法点拨　(1)当not until位于句首时，not until所在的从句不倒装，主句要用部分倒装。 (2)not only...but also...连接两个并列句且not only位于句首时，前者倒装后者不倒装。 (3)neither...nor...连接并列的句子且neither位于句首时，前后两句都用倒装语序(因neither和nor都是否定意义的词)。 If only虚拟语气　If only you had taken my advice，you would not have made so many mistakes in your work. 你要是听了我的劝告就不会在工作中犯这么多错误了。 •if only...意为“要是……就好了”，常用来表示强烈的愿望或遗憾，表示与现在相反的愿望用一般过去时，be动词用were；表示与过去相反的愿望用过去完成时；表示与将来相反的愿望用“would/could＋do”。 •only if...意为“只有……”，引导真实条件句，置于句首时，主句要用部分倒装语序。 (1)Only if he works hard will he be able to exploit the overseas market positively. (2)要是我们当时有你的帮助和专业指导，我们会在英语口语比赛中做得更加出色。 (2020·浙江7月，应用文写作) If only we had had your help and professional instruction，we would have done more brilliantly in the English oral competition. (3)只有跳出固有的思维模式，我们才能更有成效，取得更丰硕的成果。 Only if we think outside the box can we be more productive and achieve more fruitful results. Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．preserve (1)Our goal is to preserve harmony and peace in these relationships. A (2)My mother preserved the meat that we had left，so it would not go bad. C (3)We must encourage the planting of new trees and preserve our existing woodlands. B 2．available (1)Can we go out to have dinner together this Friday evening if you are available then？ C (2)In modern times，when food is available in grocery stores，finding love is more central to people’s lives. B (3)Forms will be available in school and online for them to indicate their choices and return to school. A 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的意思 (1)The President declined to deliver the speech himself on account of a sore throat.婉拒 (2)When a novel literary idea appears，people should try to determine its purpose.新颖的 (3)Jaron Lanier coined the term “virtual reality” and pioneered its early development.创造 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. 2．As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ) 3．Hardly had we left the dormitory the next morning when we realized we had left our photographs in the room. 4．Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy.If only I had(have) a warm and harmonious family! 5．The proposal(propose) put forward by Dobrind aims to help promote fully automatic driving. 6．No matter how gifted(gift)，you alone cannot change the world！So we should learn to cooperate with each other. 7．An individual is only a tiny grain in the vast sea；it is the masses of people that are(be) the boundless ocean. Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力 (话题写作之创业) 1．与以前的毕业生相比，现在的大学生逐渐开始打破传统规则，承担风险。(compared with...) Compared with previous graduates，college students nowadays have gradually begun to break the traditional rules and take risks. 2．他们意识到独自完成一项任务是困难的，所以他们学会了合作。(get sth done) Realizing that it is hard to get a task accomplished alone，they learn to work together. 3．他们从来不想享受轻松的生活，所以他们更喜欢在一家更具挑战性的公司工作。(never置于句首的部分倒装) Never do they want to enjoy an easy life，so they prefer to work in a company which is more challenging. 4．但是现在有更多的毕业生和更少的工作，如果他们能在毕业后自己创业就好了。(if only虚拟语气) But now there are more graduates and fewer jobs.If only they could start business of their own when they graduate from university. 5．我建议政府应该为这些学生提供一些特殊的政策来支持他们。(propose) I propose that the government (should) provide some special policies to support them. (2022·新高考全国Ⅱ，C) Over the last seven years，most states have banned texting by drivers，and public service campaigns have tried a wide range of methods to persuade people to put down their phones when they are behind the wheel. Yet the problem，by just about any measure，appears to be getting worse.Americans are still texting while driving，as well as using social networks and taking photos.Road accidents，which had fallen for years，are now rising sharply. That is partly because people are driving more，but Mark Rosekind，the chief of the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration，said distracted(分心)driving was “only increasing，unfortunately”． “Big change requires big ideas，”he said in a speech last month，referring broadly to the need to improve road safety.So to try to change a distinctly modern behavior，lawmakers and public health experts are reaching back to an old approach：They want to treat distracted driving like drunk driving. An idea from lawmakers in New York is to give police officers a new device called the Textalyzer.It would work like this：An officer arriving at the scene of a crash could ask for the phones of the drivers and use the Textalyzer to check in the operating system for recent activity.The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted，emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws. “We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior，” said Félix W．Ortiz，who pushed for the state’s 2001 ban on hand-held devices by drivers.“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law，”he said，“people are going to be more afraid to put their hands on the cell phone.” 1．Which of the following best describes the ban on drivers’ texting in the US? A．Ineffective. B．Unnecessary. C．Inconsistent. D．Unfair. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容以及第二段中“Yet the problem，by just about any measure，appears to be getting worse.”可推知，美国对司机发短信的禁令是无效的。ineffective无效的。 2．What can the Textalyzer help a police officer find out? A．Where a driver came from. B．Whether a driver used their phone. C．How fast a driver was going. D．When a driver arrived at the scene. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“The technology could determine...hands-free driving laws.”可知，Textalyzer能够帮助警察查明司机是否使用了手机。 3．What does the underlined word “something” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Advice. B．Data. C．Tests. D．Laws. 答案　D 解析　代词指代题。根据画线词所在句“We need something on the books that can change people’s behavior.”可知，something是能够改变人们的行为的事情。根据下文的“If the Textalyzer bill becomes law...hands on the cell phone.”可知，人们的行为会改变的条件是当Textalyzer法案成为法律。受到法律的约束，司机们才不会在开车的时候使用手机。故something指代的是“法律”。 4．What is a suitable title for the text? A．To Drive or Not to Drive? Think Before You Start B．Texting and Driving? Watch Out for the Textalyzer C．New York Banning Hand-held Devices by Drivers D．The Next Generation Cell Phone：the Textalyzer 答案　B 解析　标题归纳题。纵观全文可知，虽然大多数州都禁止司机发短信，公共服务活动也尝试了各种各样的方法来说服人们在开车时放下手机，可是问题却越来越严重。为了解决该问题，纽约立法者提出了利用Textalyzer(短信监控器)来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。相关人士呼吁该项技术能够成为真正的法案，由此才能真正改变人们的行为。故B选项最适合作文章的标题。 细研真题 Ⅰ.宏观把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章 本文是一篇说明文。为解决司机在开车时使用手机“分神”，从而引发交通事故的问题，纽约立法者提出使用Textalyzer(短信监控器)来监控司机在开车的时候是否使用了手机。 文章的脉络如下： Ⅱ.微观排障——长难句分析 The technology could determine whether a driver had just texted，emailed or done anything else that is not allowed under New York’s hands-free driving laws. 分析　该句为主从复合句。whether引导的是宾语从句；that引导的是定语从句。 译文　这项技术可以确定司机是否刚刚发了短信、发了邮件，或者做了纽约免提驾驶法不允许做的任何其他事情。 Ⅲ.主题词汇积累　语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 When you are little，the whole world feels like a big playground.I was living in Conyers，Georgia the summer it all happened.I was a second grader，but my best friend Stephanie was only in the first grade.Both of our parents were at work and most of the time they let us go our own way. It was a hot afternoon and we decided to have an adventure in Stephanie’s basement.As I opened the basement door，before us lay the biggest room，full of amazing things like guns，dolls，and old clothes.I ran downstairs，and spotted red steel can.It was paint.I looked beyond it and there lay even more paint in bright colors like purple，orange，blue and green. “Stephanie，I just found us a project for the day.Get some paintbrushes.We are fixing to paint.” She screamed with excitement as I told her of my secret plans and immediately we got to work.We gathered all the brushes we could find and moved all of our materials to my yard.There on the road in front of my house，we painted bit stripes(条纹) of colors across the pavement(人行道)．Stripe by stripe，our colors turned into a beautiful rainbow.It was fantastic! The sun was starting to sink.I saw a car in the distance and jumped up as I recognized the car.It was my mother.I couldn’t wait to show her my masterpiece.The car pulled slowly into the driveway and from the look on my mother’s face，I could tell that I was in deep trouble. My mother shut the car door and walked towards me.Her eyes glaring，she shouted，“What in the world were you thinking? I understood when you made castles out of leaves，and climbed the neighbors’ trees，but this！Come inside right now！” I stood there glaring back at her for a minute，angry because she had insulted(侮辱) my art. “Now go clean it up！” Mother and I began cleaning the road.Tears ran down my cheeks as I saw my beautiful rainbow turn into black cement. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 Though years have now passed，I still wonder where my rainbow has gone. If I had my own children，I would be a different parent. 分步练写作 第一步　快读文本　获取信息 故事五要素信息： 人物 作者，斯蒂芬妮，作者的妈妈 时间 一个炎热的下午 地点 作者家房子前面的路上 事件 作者和朋友在地下室偶然发现了颜料，在人行道画上了彩虹，最后被迫要求清理干净，感到非常难过和遗憾 起因 被妈妈发现后，遭到批评，妈妈认为作者太调皮 故事发展线索：在地下室发现颜料→想出一个主意→在人行道作画→被妈妈发现 情感发展线索：惊讶(发现颜料)→兴奋(用油漆作画)→开心(条纹变成彩虹)→难过(被迫要求清理干净) 第二步　细读首句　合理推测 1．针对续写段首1：Though years have now passed，I still wonder where my rainbow has gone.设问： (1)What was the author’s feeling? (2)What effect does the incident have on the author? (3)What does the author expect or hope? 续写的第一段首句讲的是虽然岁月已逝，但作者依然想知道自己的彩虹去了哪里。接着应该写作者当时的具体感受，这件事情给他带来的影响以及作者的期盼或渴望。 2．针对续写段首2：If I had my own children，I would be a different parent.设问： (1)What kind of parent would the author like to become? (2)How would the author treat his own children? (3)What did the author learn from the experience? 续写的第二段首句讲的是如果作者有自己的孩子，作者会是一个与众不同的家长。接着应该写作者想成为什么样的家长，会为孩子做些什么以及作者最后的感悟。 第三步　恰当用词　打造靓句 1．我清楚地知道，当我的妈妈侮辱我认为是杰作的艺术时，我感到强烈的失望和失落。 What I clearly know is that when my mother insulted my art that I regarded as a masterpiece，I felt a strong sense of disappointment and loss. 2．如果我妈妈鼓励我、表扬我，我可能会更勇敢地追逐我的梦想。 If my mother had encouraged me and praised me，I could have chased my dream more bravely. 3．随着时间的流逝，我希望我能再次找到我的彩虹，再也不用刷掉它。 With time going by，I hope I can find my rainbow again and never have to brush it away. 4．如果我的孩子渴望冒险，我会尽我所能支持他们，甚至帮助他们。 If my children were eager for adventure，I would do what I can to support them and even assist them. 5．总之，我猜我们都需要各种各样的彩虹来不时地照亮我们的生活，让我们的希望和梦想丰富多彩。 In conclusion，I guess we all need various kinds of rainbows to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful. 第四步　衔接过渡　组句成篇 在确定了思路和内容之后，续写时，要注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。 参考范文 Though years have now passed，I still wonder where my rainbow has gone.What I clearly know is that when my mother insulted my art that I regarded as a masterpiece，I felt a strong sense of disappointment and loss.If my mother had encouraged me and praised me，I could have chased my dream more bravely.With time going by，I hope I can find my rainbow again and never have to brush it away. If I had my own children，I would be a different parent.If my children were eager for adventure，I would do what I can to support them and even assist them.Because not only can the experience enrich their lives but it can also satisfy their curiosity.My children would be allowed to do what they really like to do.With their own imagination，their futures would be brighter.In conclusion，I guess we all need various kinds of rainbows to brighten our lives from time to time and to keep our hopes and dreams colorful. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$