主题一 语境8 优秀品行，正确的人生态度（复习讲案）（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（话题版 辽鲁琼京津闽渝鄂粤冀湘苏浙黑吉皖甘赣贵桂晋云豫新）

Ⅰ.记重点单词 1．daring adj.勇敢的 2．collapse vi.突然倒下 3．aid v．& n．帮助，援助 4．internal adj.内部的 5．encounter vt.遇到 6．handshake n．握手 7．justice n．公平，公正 8．discrimination n．歧视 9．reputation n．名誉；名望 10．foundation n．基金会 11．mission n．职责，使命 12．territory n．地区，地方 13．institution n．机构，团体 14．circumstance n．情况，情形 15．crisis n．危难时刻；危机 16．plot n．(书、电影、戏剧的)情节 17．far-reaching adj.影响深远的 18．platform n．平台；站台；舞台 19．privilege n．优惠待遇；特权 20．chief adj.最高级别的，首席的；首要的 n．首领；最高领导人 21．purely adv.完全地；纯粹地；仅仅 22．sensitive adj.敏感的；容易生气的 23．pray vi.& vt.企盼；祈祷 24．fund v．为……提供资金，资助 n．基金；资金 25．eventually adv.最终；终于 26．march n．& v．示威游行，抗议游行 27．ultimately adv.最后，最终 28．dilemma n．进退两难的境地；窘境 29．arise vi.(arose；arisen)出现；上升；起立 30．shift n．(工厂、医院等轮班制中的)当班时间；转变 v．(使)转移 31．remarkable adj.不寻常的；显著的；非凡的 32．gain v．获得，赢得，取得；受益 n．好处；利益 33．self-evident adj.不证自明的；显而易见的 34．ongoing adj.继续进行的，不断发展的 35．undertake vt.& vi.(undertook；undertaken) 着手做，承担；承诺；允诺 36．leftover adj.吃剩的；残留的 n．吃剩的食物；遗留物 37．drag(dragged；dragged) vt.拖；拽 vt.& vi.缓慢而费力地移动 38．contract vt.感染(疾病)；与……订立合同(或契约) n．合同；契约 39．mixture n．混合，混合体→mix v．(使)混合；配制；参与 40．contrary n．正相反，恰恰相反 adj.相反的；逆反的→contrarily adv.相反地；反之 41．perseverance n．不屈不挠，坚持不懈→persevere vi.坚持；不屈不挠 42．establish vt.建立，设立→establishment n．确立，创立；企业 43．protest n．& vi.& vt.抗议；反对→protester n．抗议者；反对者；持异议者 44．racial adj.种族的；人种的→race n．种族，人种；赛事，赛跑 vt.使参加比赛；和……竞赛；疾走 45．temporary adj.短期的，短暂的；临时的→temporarily adv.临时地，临时 46．affection n．喜爱，钟爱；感情→affect vt.影响；感染；感动；假装 47．possession n．财物，财产→possess vt.控制；使掌握；持有；迷住；拥有，具备 48．strike vi.& vt.(struck；struck)突然发生(某种不幸)；打；击→striking adj.显著的，突出的，惊人的；打击的；罢工的 49．passion n．强烈的爱好，热爱；激情→passionate adj.具有强烈信念的；热爱的，酷爱的 50．engage vi.参加，参与→engagement n．婚约；约会；交战；雇用→engaged adj.已订婚的；占线的 51．casually adv.漫不经心地；非正式地→casual adj.随便的；非正式的；临时的；偶然的 52．stability n．稳定(性)；稳固(性)→stable adj.稳定的，牢固的；稳重的，沉稳的；持久的 53．contribution n．贡献→contribute vt.贡献，出力；投稿；捐献 vi.贡献，出力；投稿；捐献→contributor n．贡献者；投稿者；捐助者 54．promising adj.大有希望的→promise n．许诺，允诺；希望 vt.允诺，许诺；给人以……的指望或希望 vi.许诺；有指望，有前途 55．donate vt.捐赠，捐献→donation n．捐款，捐赠物；捐赠→donator n．捐赠者 56．participation n．参加，参与→participate vi.参与，参加；分享→participant n．参与者，参加者 57．assistance n．帮助，援助→assist v．(通过提供金钱或信息)帮助；在场(当助手)→assistant n．助手，助理，助教 58．resign vi.& vt.辞职；辞去→resignation n．辞职；放弃；辞职信；顺从→resigned adj.顺从的；已辞职的；已放弃的 59．peaceful adj.和平的，没有暴力的→peacefully adv.平静地；和平地→peace n．和平；平静；和睦 60．horror n．令人惊恐的事；震惊，恐惧→horrible adj.可怕的；极讨厌的→horribly adv.可怕地；非常地 61．advocate n．提倡者；拥护者；鼓吹者 v．拥护；提倡→advocation n．拥护；支持；辩护→advocator n．提倡者，拥护者 62．persist vi.顽强地坚持；保持；持续存在→persistent adj.执着的，坚持不懈的→persistence n．持续；固执；存留；坚持不懈；毅力 63．loosely adv.不严谨地；松弛地→loose adj.宽松的；散漫的；不牢固的；不精确的 vt.释放；松开；放枪→loosen vt.& vi.放松；松开 1．incorporate vt.把……并入；包含 2．grant vt.同意；准许 n．拨款 3．evil n．邪恶之事；祸害 adj.邪恶的 4．criterion n．标准；准则；原则 5．circuit n．巡回；环形线路 6．dignity n．(举止、态度等的)庄严，端庄 7．obligation n．义务；职责 8．dedicator n．献身者；奉献者 9．authoritative adj.有权威的；命令式的；可信的 10．enforce vt.强行实施，强制执行；强迫，强制 Ⅱ.背核心短语 1．put out fires灭火 2．take action采取行动 3．be reunited with (使)重聚 4．rise to one’s feet 站起身来 5．pass up放过，放弃；错过(机会) 6．put off推迟……，使……延期 7．weigh up权衡；仔细考虑 8．be regarded as被认为，被看作 9．relay to转达给……；转发给…… 10．not to mention更不用说；且不说 11．fight for努力争取，为……斗争 12．in spite of尽管；虽然；不顾 13．take...for granted认为……是理所当然；对……不予重视 14．have second thoughts(对原先的决定)犹豫，产生怀疑 Ⅲ.悟经典句式 1．be doing...when...正在做……这时突然…… The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere! 不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示一个化学实验，我还没弄明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试管里冒了出来，溅的到处都是！ 2．see sb doing sth看到某人正在做某事 Everyday we see people from all walks of life working in nearly every corner of the world. 每天我们都看到各行各业的人在世界上几乎每个角落工作。 3．现在分词短语作状语 China is dedicated to building a community with a shared future for the world，helping many other countries in difficulty with their development. 中国致力于构建世界命运共同体，帮助许多面临发展困难的国家。 4．not only位于句首的倒装句 Not only is this country helped by the organization，but people in neighbouring countries are helped as well. 不仅这个国家得到了这个组织的帮助，邻国的人民也得到了帮助。 文中加黑词汇为本话题中的重点词汇 The area was recently hit by a crisis，and many volunteers offered their assistance 1.to aid(aid) the local people out of the difficulties.As a group of promising and 2.ambitious(ambition) young people，they 3.are recognized(recognize) and praised by people.There is no doubt that volunteer service teams make 4.a great contribution to our society and the people in need.5.Serving(serve) as a volunteer is beneficial to the volunteers 6.themselves(they) too，which can not only help them gain the skills to communicate with others but also 7.broaden(broad) their horizons.Therefore，it is hoped that more people will join the team of volunteers to do their part 8.and undertake their mission.I 9.firmly(firm) believe that it will have a far-reaching effect 10.on our society. contribution n．捐献；贡献；捐赠(contribute v．捐献；贡献；投稿；导致) •make contributions/a contribution to对……做出贡献；捐款 •contribute...to...把……贡献给…… contribute to (to为介词)有助于；导致；把(时间)投入到……；捐款；投稿 (1)On the social level，the establishment of social assistance agencies can contribute greatly to social harmony. (2)Wilson received several international awards for his great contributions(contribute)．He lost his sight but found a vision.(2020·江苏) (3)总之，我为自己对传播中国文化做出的巨大贡献感到自豪。 In conclusion，I am proud of making great contributions to spreading Chinese culture. engage vi.参加；参与(活动) vt.吸引(注意力、兴趣)；聘请；从事(engaged adj.已订婚的；占线的；使用中的 engagement n．订婚；婚约；约会；参加；从事) •engage sb to do sth 雇用某人做某事 engage (sb) in (使某人)从事；参与 •be engaged to sb 与某人订婚 be engaged in忙于；从事于 (1)写出下列句子中engage的汉语意思 ①She was engaged to Peter，which was beyond our expectations.已订婚的 ②His attention was engaged by the new posters on the wall.吸引 ③His father engaged a tutor to motivate him to improve his maths.聘请 (2)The wife often wears both the wedding ring and the engagement(engage) ring on the same finger. (3)一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加的学生更快乐。 A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than those who are not.(定语从句；engaged) undertake vt.& vi.(undertook；undertaken)承担，从事；承诺，答应；着手做 undertake a task承担任务 同意，答应或着手做某事 (1)The promising and ambitious architect has undertaken to construct(construct) a user-friendly building. (2)在我看来，只有经过充分准备，我们才能接手新任务。 As far as I’m concerned，we can’t undertake a new task without making adequate preparations. (3)作为社会的一员，我们应该着手致力于环境保护，改善生态环境。(应用文写作之倡议书) As a member of society，we should undertake to focus on environmental protection and improve the ecology. possess vt.拥有；具有；支配(不用于进行时)[possession n．(常用复数)所有物；财产] •be possessed of具有(某品质、能力等) •in possession of占有；拥有；持有 in the possession of为某人所有 take possession of占有；拥有；支配 (1)His abnormal behavior suggested that he was unable to make reasonable choices after losing all his possessions(possess)． (2)更为重要的是，我有与别人交流的天赋，并且我总是乐于去帮助有困难的人。(应用文写作之自荐信) What’s more，I am possessed of a gift for communicating with others and I am always ready to help others in need. (3)使我们吃惊的是，他拥有大量这位艺术家的作品。 ①What astonished us was that he was in possession of a large number of the artist’s works.(in possession of) ②What astonished us was that a large number of the artist’s works were in the possession of him.(in the possession of) ③It was astonishing that he took possession of a large number of the artist’s works.(take possession of) donate vt.捐赠，捐献；赠送(donation n．捐献 donated adj.捐赠的) •donate...to...把……捐献给…… •make a donation to向……捐赠 (1)The businessman donated a lot of money to the school，enabling the students to return to their classrooms. (2)Governments，organizations，enterprises and individuals are offering donations(donate) of money and materials to the region. (3)我们可以给基金会捐款，帮助偏远乡村的孩子们摆脱困境。 We can make a donation to the foundation and help the children in remote villages out of trouble. resign vt.& vi.辞职；辞去(工作、职位等)；听任；顺从(resignation n．辞职；辞职信；放弃) resign from/as...辞职/辞去(某职务) resign oneself to (doing) sth 听任/顺从(做)某事 (1)You have no choice but to resign yourselves to waiting(wait) a bit longer. (2)我写这封信是想告诉您我决定辞掉现在的职务。 I am writing to inform you of my decision to resign from my current position. (3)为了帮助家里度过危机，玛丽决定辞去公司经理一职。 To help her family through the crisis，Mary decided to resign her position as a manager in the company. pass up 放过，放弃；错过(机会) pass through穿过……；通过…… pass out 昏倒，失去知觉；分发 pass on传递；继续 pass by经过；走过；逝去 pass away去世；停止；度过时间 pass down世代相传，流传 (1)It is impossible for a lonely and helpless girl to pass through the wilderness without any harm. (2)He knows the water is so cold and he’ll probably pass out and die of shock before he drowns. (3)She made it clear that under no circumstances would she pass up the opportunity. (4)通过教育，人类把这些技术和知识代代相传。 Humans pass down their skills and knowledge to the next generations through education. be doing...when...　The other day I was showing the boys a chemistry experiment when，before I knew it，the mixture was bubbling out of the test tube spilling everywhere！不久前的一天，我正给男孩子们演示一个化学实验，我还没弄明白怎么回事，混合剂就从试管里冒了出来，溅的到处都是！ 句中when用作并列连词，意为“这时突然”。when表示“这时突然”之意时，还用于以下三个句型： be about to do...when...正要做……这时突然…… be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时突然…… had (just) done...when...刚做完……这时突然…… (1)Tom had just fallen asleep when someone knocked at the door. (2)We were on the point of leaving when a big noise came from the next room. (3)The thief was about to put(put) his hand into the lady’s handbag when the bus suddenly stopped. (4)我正在上网搜索一些信息时，我们的厨房突然着火了，我哥哥和我立即采取行动灭火。 I was searching the Internet for some information when our kitchen caught fire.My brother and I took immediate action to put out fires. Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．affect (1)He affected an English accent when he met people he didn’t know. D (2)More than seven million people have been affected by drought and people suffered a lot. A (3)The disease affects a small area in the middle of the brain called the substantia nigra(脑黑质)． B (4)People from all over the world were deeply affected by her art，which was beyond her expectations. C 2．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 (1)Make sure your hearing aid，wheelchair and eyeglasses are next to your bed.辅助设备 (2)If you have to care for your children at home，you can switch your shift with some of us.轮班 (3)When problems arise，they will discuss them with the tribal(部落的) chief.首领 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．I take it for granted that I’ll always spend the Spring Festival with my family. 2．Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize for her contributions(contribute) to anti-malarial drugs. 3．The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged in academic life. 4．Mary was affected with flu，when she was in touch with the patient. 5．Mr Morgan has offered his resignation(resign) and it has been accepted. 6．We should pass down the fine tradition of hard struggle from generation to generation. 7．Charities appealed for donations(donate) of food and clothing for victims in the hurricane. 8．I was driving home when my car broke down and I had to ask someone for help. Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力 (应用文写作：帮助学生雨中脱险) 1．学生们正在上英语课，突然下起了倾盆大雨。(be doing...when...) The students were having English class when it suddenly began to rain cats and dogs. 2．放学后，很多学生被困在水里。尽管有很大的挑战，他们决定立马采取行动。(in spite of；take action) Many students were trapped in the water after school.In spite of the great challenge，they decided to take action immediately. 3．令他们惊讶的是，他们看到老师和校长站在深水中陪伴他们渡过难关。(see sb doing sth) To their surprise，they saw teachers and the principal standing in deep water to accompany them through the difficulties. 4．这一行动不仅表达了他们对学生的关心，也鼓励了学生要勇敢地面对困难。(not only位于句首的倒装句) Not only did the action show their concern for students，but also it encouraged students to face difficulties with courage. 5．学生们终于安全渡过了深水，向他们的老师表达了衷心的感谢。(现在分词短语作状语) The students finally crossed the deep water safely，expressing their heartfelt gratitude to their teachers. (2022·全国甲) A visually-challenged man from Beijing recently hiked(徒步) 40 days to Xi’an，as a first step 1. (journey) the Belt and Road route(路线) by foot. On the 1,100-kilometer journey，the man Cao Shengkang,2. lost his eyesight at the age of eight in a car accident，crossed 40 cities and counties in three provinces.Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation 3. (hold) in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute(致敬) to the ancient Silk Road.4. friend of his，Wu Fan，volunteered to be his companion during the trip. Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road，in order to promote environmental 5.____(protect)．Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more 6. (meaning)．The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. In the last five years，Cao 7. (walk) through 34 countries in six continents，and in 2016，he reached the top of Kilimanjaro，Africa’s 8. (high) mountain. Now，Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route.He flew 4,700 kilometers 9. Xi’an to Kashgar on Sept.20,10. (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 1．答案　to journey 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，提示词journey为动词，表示“旅行”，step前面有序数词修饰，应用不定式作后置定语。故填to journey。 2．答案　who 解析　考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Cao Shengkang，指人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导。故填who。 3．答案　held 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词decided，且句中无连词，所以hold应用非谓语动词形式；hold与the Belt and Road Forum之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用过去分词作后置定语，表被动。故填held。 4．答案　A 解析　考查冠词。此处泛指“他的一个朋友”，应用不定冠词，friend的发音以辅音音素开头，应用a，空处位于句首，首字母大写。故填A。 5．答案　protection 解析　考查词性转换。根据空前的形容词environmental可知，此处应用名词protection，作promote的宾语，protection表示“保护”时，是不可数名词。故填protection。 6．答案　meaningful 解析　考查词性转换。此处是make的复合结构，应用形容词meaningful作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。 7．答案　has walked 解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据时间状语In the last five years可知，此处应用现在完成时；主语Cao为第三人称单数，助动词用has。故填has walked。 8．答案　highest 解析　考查比较等级。此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山峰，并根据空前的Africa’s可知，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。 9．答案　from 解析　考查介词。根据Xi’an to Kashgar可知，此处表示“从西安飞往喀什”，固定搭配from...to...表示“从……到……”。故填from。 10．答案　planning 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，本句已有谓语动词flew，所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式，plan与主语He之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词表主动。故填planning。 细研真题 Ⅰ.宏观把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了盲人曹晟康徒步旅行“一带一路”的事迹。 文章的脉络如下： Ⅱ.微观排障——长难句分析 Inspired by the Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation held in Beijing，Cao decided to cover the route by hiking as a tribute to the ancient Silk Road. 分析　该句是一个含有过去分词作状语的句子，主语Cao与inspire之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词inspired作状语。 译文　受到在北京举行的“一带一路”国际合作论坛的鼓舞，曹决定徒步穿越这条路线，向古代丝绸之路致敬。 Ⅲ.主题词汇积累　语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。 After a long day，Zhang Tian finally got back to his small room，feeling tired.He had started working at seven in the morning，and it was eight in the evening now.He had to prepare his lessons for the following day.This is a typical day for Zhang Tian.Coming to Guizhou Province to teach has been quite an experience for him. Zhang Tian graduated from university and got a teacher’s certificate last year.His parents，like most，hoped he would go to a big city to find a teaching job.Likewise，his friends all left his hometown for work in Shanghai or Beijing.Zhang Tian felt differently，however.He wanted to start a new lifestyle.He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he was inspired by them to go and teach where he was needed the most.For that reason he applied for and became a volunteer teacher in a village school.Bringing with him lots of books，clothes，and two pairs of trainers，Zhang Tian travelled to the village with an eager heart.He imagined all sorts of exciting things about living independently and teaching in a village. However，not everything lived up to Zhang Tian’s hopes.The school had just three teachers and Zhang Tian was the only English teacher.The other two local teachers were responsible for maths and Chinese.The school was much smaller than he had expected，with only three classrooms.In front of the classrooms，there was a playground which got dusty on windy days and muddy on rainy days.Living in the village was also more challenging than he had thought.The power and water supplies were unstable，so he could only shower every three or four days，and he had to learn how to cook. 注意：续写词数应为150左右。 The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind. Zhang Tian’s first service year is almost over. 分步练写作 第一步　快读文本　获取信息 故事五要素信息： 人物 张天 时间 大学毕业后 地点 贵州的某所乡村学校 事件 张天去贵州的乡村学校支教，最后冒出要离开的念头 起因 贵州乡村学校的状况比张天想象的还要艰苦，因此他支教的念头开始动摇 故事发展线索：决定支教→发现工作和生活很艰苦→有离开的念头→最后决定留下来→努力改善课堂→支教结束→犹豫是走还是留 情感发展线索：满怀期待(想到要独立生活和支教的乐趣)→有点失望(现实跟想象中不一样)→疲惫(结束了一天的工作)→迷茫(考虑要不要离开) 第二步　细读首句　合理推测 1．针对续写段首1：设问： (1)What did he think of? (2)What was his final decision? (3)What did he do after making the decision? 续写的第一段首句讲的是离开的想法曾经在张天的脑海中出现。接着应该写张天的思想斗争，最后的决定，以及做出决定后张天做出的改变和努力。 2．针对续写段首2：设问： (1)Does he leave the village school? (2)What’s his decision? (3)What does he do for the children and the school? 续写第二段首句是张天的第一年志愿者支教工作就要结束了，接着应该写张天决定留下来继续支教，并为孩子们做些什么。 第三步　恰当用词　打造靓句 1．如果他回到大城市，他会生活得舒适，得到高薪，他的父母也会很高兴。 If he returned to big cities，he would live comfortably and get highly paid and his parents would be happy. 2．为了让他的学生们的校园生活更加丰富多彩，张天教授了更多有趣的课程，如音乐、美术和地理。 To make school life colorful for his students，Zhang Tian introduced more interesting subjects such as music，art and geography. 3．让他最满意的是，他的学生们能够读、说、写英语，并在学习语言方面变得自信。 What makes him most satisfied is that his students are able to read，speak and write in English and become confident in learning the language. 4．然而，看着孩子们的眼睛，想到村民们的贫困生活，他决定为他们做更多的事情。 However，looking at the eyes of the children and thinking of the poor life of the villagers，he decides to do something more for them. 5．他还会教村民如何在网上销售当地的产品，这样他们就可以改善生活条件，他认为这对孩子们的生活有好处。 And he also teaches villagers how to sell local products online so that they can improve their living conditions，which he thinks will be of benefit to children’s life. 第四步　衔接过渡　组句成篇 在确定了思路和内容之后，续写时，要注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。 参考范文 The thought of leaving once flashed through his mind.If he returned to big cities，he would live comfortably and get highly paid and his parents would be happy.But he gave it up and managed to find ways to deal with the challenges.To make school life colorful for his students，Zhang Tian introduced more interesting subjects such as music，art and geography.Tough as life is，he has enjoyed the time with the children.What makes him most satisfied is that his students are able to read，speak and write in English and become confident in learning the language.The villagers treat him as one of them. Zhang Tian’s first service year is almost over.What should he do next？He can choose to return to big cities where he can achieve his value.However，looking at the eyes of the children and thinking of the poor life of the villagers，he decides to do something more for them.He is content that he can make a difference to their life.He has been thinking to contact charity organizations for help.And he also teaches villagers how to sell local products online so that they can improve their living conditions，which he thinks will be of benefit to children’s life.After a long consideration，he chooses to stay for another year.At least now，he wants to stay.Maybe next year he will choose to leave.Who knows? 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$