主题一 语境7 语言学习的规律、方法等（复习讲案）（教师用书word）-【步步高】2024年高考英语大一轮复习讲义（话题版 辽鲁琼京津闽渝鄂粤冀湘苏浙黑吉皖甘赣贵桂晋云豫新）

Ⅰ.记重点单词 1．exit n．出口 v．离去；退场 2．idiom n．成语 3．semester n．学期 4．vocabulary n．词汇 5．section n．区域 6．type n．类型，种类 7．rather adv.相当，颇 8．comment n．& v．评论 9．error n．错误，谬误 10．intend v．计划，打算 11．tongue n．舌头；语言 12．gap n．间隔；开口；差距 13．dialect n．地方话；方言 14．factor n．因素；要素 15．subject n．主题；对象；学科；科目 16．means n．方式；方法；途径 17．actually adv.事实上，实际上 18．spelling n．拼写；拼字；拼法 19．despite prep.即使；尽管 20．attitude n．态度；看法 21．affair n．公共事务；事件 22．specific adj.特定的；明确的；具体的 23．unique adj.独一无二的，独特的 24．struggle n．& vi.斗争；奋斗；搏斗 25．subway n．(BrE underground)地铁 26．retell vt.复述；再讲；重述 27．negative adj.消极的；负面的 28．entrance n．大门(口)，入口(处) 29．resource n．资料，(教学)资源 30．long-term adj.长期的；从长远来看 31．regard n．尊重；关注 vt.把……视为；看待 32．apartment n．(especially NAmE)公寓套房 33．verbal adj.口头的；言语的；动词的 34．character n．文字；符号；角色；品质；特点 35．native adj.出生地的；本地的；土著的 n．本地人 36．course n．科目；课程；进程；道路；路线，航向；一道菜 37．process n．过程，进程；工艺流程 v．加工，处理；列队行进 38．official adj.官方的；正式的 n．官员；公务员；高级职员→officially adv.正式地，官方地 39．visible adj.看得见的，可见的→invisible adj.无形的，看不见的 40．system n．体系；制度；系统→systematic adj.系统的；体系的；有系统的 41．pronounce vt.发音；正式宣布→pronunciation n．发音；读音 42．recognise v．认识，辨认出→recognition n．识别；承认；赞誉→recognised adj.公认的；普遍接受的 43．beg vt.(begged，begged)恳求；祈求；哀求→beggar n．乞丐；穷人；家伙 vt.使贫穷 44．major adj.主要的；重要的；大的 n．主修课程，专业；主修学生 vi.主修；专门研究→majority n．大多数；大部分 45．addition n．增加物，添加物→additional adj.附加的，额外的→additionally adv.此外 46．aware adj.意识到的；明白的→awareness n．意识，认识；明白，知道→unaware adj.未发觉的；不知道的 47．informal adj.(书写或言谈)非正式的→formal adj.正式的；拘谨的；有条理的→formally adv.正式地；形式上 48．based adj.以(某事)为基础的；以……为重要部分(或特征)的→base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础 n．底部；根据→basis n．基础；底部；主要成分；基本原则或原理→basic adj.基本的；基础的 49．symbol n．符号；象征→symbolic adj.象征的；符号的；使用符号的→symbolize vt.象征；用符号表现 vi.采用象征；使用符号；作为……的象征 50．global adj.全球的；全世界的→globally adv.全球地；全局地；世界上→globe n．地球；地球仪；球体→globalize vt.使全球化→globalization n．全球化 51．equal n．同等的人；相等物 v．与……相等，等于；比得上 adj.相同的；平等的；能胜任的→equality n．平等；相等；等式→equally adv.同样地；相等地；平等地；公平地 52．fluent adj.表达流利的；流畅的→fluently adv.流利地；通畅地→fluency n．流畅；流利 53．demand n．要求；需求 vt.强烈要求；需要→demanding adj.要求高的；要求严格的；费力的 1．cross talk相声 2．capitalized adj.大写的 3．stutter n．& v．结巴，口吃 4．oral adj.口头的，口述的 5．non-native speaker非母语者 6．forum n．(因特网上的)论坛，讨论区 7．extinction n．灭绝；绝种 8．log n．大木头，原木；(事件的)正式记录 9．alphabet n．字母表，全部字母 10．interpreter n．解释者；口译者 Ⅱ.背核心短语 1．date back (to)追溯到 2．translate...into...把……翻译成…… 3．keep/bear...in mind记住…… 4．refer to/consult a dictionary查词典 5．stand for代表；支持；象征 6．be made up of由……组成 7．take over接管；接收 8．ups and downs浮沉；兴衰 9．be aware of意识到，察觉到 10．enlarge/expand one’s vocabulary扩大某人的词汇量 11．have a frog in one’s throat(尤因喉咙痛)说话困难 12．wind up给(机械)上发条；使(活动、会议等)结束 Ⅲ.悟经典句式 1．more...than比……多 As China becomes more and more powerful，there are more people learning Chinese in the world than ever before. 随着中国变得越来越强大，世界上学习汉语的人比以往任何时候都多。 2．No one can deny the fact that...没有人能够否认．.. No one can deny the fact that learning some basic Chinese is helpful for foreigners to adapt to the Chinese environment.没有人能够否认学习一些基本的汉语对外国人适应中国的环境很有帮助。 3．This is because...这是因为…… We should read more classics.This is because reading classics can enrich our everyday life and broaden our horizons.我们应该读更多的经典作品。这是因为阅读经典能够丰富我们的日常生活，拓展我们的视野。 4．so that引导的状语从句 I am always attentive in all classes and think actively，so that I can have more free time to do other things that I’m interested in after school. 我在每节课上都很专心，并且思维活跃，这样我在放学后就有更多的空闲时间去做我感兴趣的其他事情。 文中加黑词汇为本话题中的重点词汇 Many students are struggling 1.to learn(learn) a foreign language.There are many means of learning a foreign language.First of all，you should enlarge your vocabulary,2.which can help you 3.effectively(effective) communicate with others.In addition，don’t be afraid of making 4.errors(error)，because they are a natural part of language learning process and no one can avoid 5.them(they)．Language learning is a long-term process.Therefore，you must have realistic expectations of your 6.performance(perform) after one semester，one year 7.or even several years of language learning.Last but not least，be an active learner.Keep some patterns and idioms 8.in mind.If you don’t really understand a passage，don’t ask for a 9.translation(translate) immediately.You can try to guess the meaning according to the context.Language learning can be 10.challenging(challenge)，but your hard work will pay off at last. base vt.以……为据点；以……为基础n.底部；根据(basic adj.基本的；基础的 basis n．基础；主要成分) •base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础上 be based on/upon...以……为基础 •on the basis of 根据…… on a daily/regular basis 每天/定期 (1)To learn a language well，you must first master the basic(base) vocabulary. (2)Many of today’s sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based(base) on the phenomenon we call sound.(2020·天津) (3)Both of these things are also about making long-term predictions on the basis(base) of present evidence. (4)职员们需要每天下班之后接受语言培训，并且定期被提供机会与外国人交流。 Employees are required to receive language training after work every day and are provided with opportunities to communicate with foreigners on a regular basis.(basis) equal adj.相等的；平等的；相当的；能胜任的n.同等的人；相等物v.与……相等，等于；比得上(equality n．平等；相等 equally adv.相等地；同等地；公平地；同样地) •be equal to sth/doing sth 等于/胜任(做)某事 •equal sb/sth in (doing) sth 在(做)某事上比得过、敌得过某人/物 •be without equal＝have no equal无与伦比 (1)In my heart，Michael Jordan is without equal in playing basketball. (2)Equally(equal) attractive are the tips on how to learn English，which is of great significance to my English study.(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，书面表达) (3)我写信是想申请志愿者一职，我认为我能胜任这份工作。 I’m writing to apply for the position as a volunteer and I think I’m equal to the job.(equal adj.) demand v．强烈要求；需要n.要求，需求(demanding adj.高要求的；要求严格的；费力的) •be in (great) demand(迫切)需求 meet/satisfy one’s demands for...满足某人对……的需求 •demand to do sth 要求做某事 demand that...(should) do sth 要求……做某事 (1)Those who had held mentally stimulating(刺激)，demanding(demand) jobs before retirement tended to do the best on the tests.(2020·浙江) (2)They are designing a new type of freezer，attempting to satisfy the customers’ demands(demand)． (3)为了提升我们的英语水平，老师要求我们每天早晨都读英语。 To improve our English，the teacher demands that we (should) read English every morning./The teacher demands that we (should) read English every morning to get our English improved. recognise(recognize) v．认识；辨认出；意识到；承认，认可；赏识，表彰；向……致谢(recognition n．认出；承认 recognised adj.公认的；普遍接受的) •recognise...as/to be...把……看作…… It is recognised that...人们公认……/……是公认的。 •beyond recognition认不出来 gain recognition获得认可 (1)I went back to my hometown after 20 years and the city had changed beyond all recognition(recognise)． (2)China’s image is improving steadily，with more countries recognising(recognise) its role in international affairs. (3)由于他非凡的语言天赋，他获得了全世界的认可。 He gained worldwide recognition because of his unusual talent for language. (4)Watching English movies was recognised as a means of improving oral English. →It is recognised that watching English movies is a means of improving oral English.(用it作形式主语改写) aware adj.知道的；意识到的；察觉到的(awareness n．意识；认识) •be/become aware of/that...意识到……；明白…… make sb aware of/that...使某人意识到…… •raise one’s awareness of提高某人的……意识 (1)In my opinion，it’s very important to develop an awareness(aware) of health now. (2)As a member of the society，I am aware that being responsible is what it takes to make a better society. (3)你不仅可以帮助我们的年轻志愿者实现个人发展，而且还有机会练习英语，提高节约资源的意识。 Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally，but you’ll also have a chance to practise your English and raise your awareness of saving resources.(awareness) keep/bear...in mind 记住…… keep up with赶上；和……保持联系 keep pace with与……并驾齐驱/保持同步 keep in touch with与……保持联系 keep away from远离，回避 keep an eye on照看；留意；密切注视 (1)In general，keep an eye on their property while they are gone. (2)Criticizing your team members too often may make them keep away from you. (3)Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives，keeping in mind your beliefs，values and strengths. (4)我一直坚持阅读英文报纸，这对我的英语学习是一个非常大的帮助。 I have always been keeping up with the English newspapers，which is an invaluable help to me in English learning. more...than...　As China becomes more and more powerful，there are more people learning Chinese in the world than ever before.随着中国变得越来越强大，世界上学习汉语的人比以往任何时候都多。 more...than...与其说……倒不如说…… more than多于(后跟数词)；不仅仅(后跟名词)；非常；岂止(后跟形容词、副词等) not more than不多于；不超过；至多 more than one不止一个(后跟单数可数名词和单数谓语动词) no more than仅仅；只不过 (1)She was more(much) sad than angry when her son lied to her because of English training. (2)More than one language is taught(teach) in this school so students can choose one they are interested in to learn. (3)我非常高兴与大家分享今天在我们学校举行的英语演讲比赛，这场比赛持续了3个小时左右。 I’m more than delighted to share with you the English Speech Contest held in our school today，which lasted 3 hours or so. (4)在全球范围内，掌握一种以上的语言被视为一种优势，在许多领域甚至是必要的。 Globally，knowing more than one language is viewed as an advantage and even a necessity in many areas. Ⅰ.一词多义/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍 1．character (1)At the last moment，Tom decided to put in a new character to make the story seem moving. C (2)—To my surprise，the town is so beautiful！I love it very much. —Me too.The character of the town is well preserved. B (3)How many new Chinese characters have you learned in this passage？ D (4)Every now and then，perhaps there is a negative side to his character that you haven’t seen yet. A 2．course A.科目；课程　B.过程；进程　C.路线，航向　D.一道菜 (1)We have fish for the first course，followed by roast fowl and fresh vegetables. D (2)It was an event that had changed the course of history，which had a far-reaching effect. B (3)We have a wide range of courses，so you can sign up for any of them online. A (4)Aircraft can avoid each other by going up and down，as well as by altering(改变) course to left or right. C 3．快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加黑词汇的汉语意思 (1)Two million workers are employed in processing goods for electronic firms.加工，处理 (2)No other automotive engine has been able to equal its toughness and economy.比得上 (3)I tried speaking to her in her native tongue.语言 (4)Parents and children should communicate more to narrow the generation gap between them. 隔阂 Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识 1．All this helps children to develop an inquiring attitude to/towards learning. 2．Don’t offer comments(comment) if you cannot understand the real meaning. 3．Men and women must be treated equally(equal) in education and employment. 4．Despite his unconventional methods，he has inspired pupils more than anyone else. 5．I intend to do(do) something that will help me learn more of the English course. 6．It is recommended that we should conduct physical examination on a regular basis(base)． 7．Like running，race walking is physically demanding(demand)，she says.(2020·全国Ⅰ) 8．In the former case，we keep putting(put) off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult. 9．Based(base) on a true story，the film is very shocking，which attracts many people to watch it. 10．When Jason and I went on a youth camp，I was recognized(recognize) by children I’d never met.(2021·1月浙江，读后续写) Ⅲ.写作增分练——提升语用能力 (应用文写作：建议信) 1．知道你学习英语有困难，想放弃它，比起难过我更担心你。(more...than...) Knowing that you are having trouble in learning English and want to give it up，I’m more worried than sad. 2．不能否认的是我们都会遇到困难，但你应该保持乐观的态度，克服障碍。(no one can deny the fact that...) No one can deny the fact that all of us will meet with difficulties，but you are supposed to keep an optimistic attitude and overcome the obstacles. 3．我建议你向老师寻求建议，因为老师更有经验，会尽他/她所能帮助你。(this is because...) I suggest that you should ask the teacher for advice.This is because the teacher is more experienced and will do what he/she can to help you. 4．此外，你最好每天听英文节目以便提升你的听力能力。(so that) What’s more，you’d better listen to the English programmes every day so that you can improve your listening ability. (2022·新高考全国Ⅰ，D) Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds，from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages.But why are certain sounds more common than others？A ground-breaking，five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages. More than 30 years ago，the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals，such as “f” and “v”，were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods.Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich，Switzerland，has found how and why this trend arose. They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned(对齐)，making it hard to produce labiodentals，which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth.Later，our jaws changed to an overbite structure(结构)，making it easier to produce such sounds. The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period.Food became easier to chew at this point.The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large. Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age，with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years.These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today. This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago.“The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings，but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution，”said Steven Moran，a member of the research team. 1．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on? A．Its variety. B．Its distribution. C．Its quantity. D．Its development. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段及最后一段可推知，Damián Blasi的研究重点是在语音的演变上。 2．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals? A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth. B．They could not open and close their lips easily. C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured. D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，古代人的下颚结构特殊，因此他们很难发出唇齿音。 3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about? A．Supporting evidence for the research results. B．Potential application of the research findings. C．A further explanation of the research methods. D．A reasonable doubt about the research process. 答案　A 解析　段落大意题。根据第五段，尤其是“Analyses of a language database also confirmed”可知，第五段主要提出支持研究结果的证据。 4．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds? A．It is key to effective communication. B．It contributes much to cultural diversity. C．It is a complex and dynamic system. D．It drives the evolution of human beings. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段Steven Moran说的话“the huge variety of speech sounds...is the product of a complex interplay of things”可知，Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。 细研真题 Ⅰ.宏观把握——抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络 本篇是一篇说明文，主要介绍人类语音的发展与饮食结构的变化有着密不可分的关系。 文章的脉络如下： Ⅱ.微观排障——长难句分析 This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. 分析　该句为主从复合句，主句为This research overturns the popular view，that引导的是同位语从句，从句中when引导的是时间状语从句。 译文　该研究推翻了普遍观点，即所有的人类语音都是在大约30万年前人类进化时出现的。 Ⅲ.主题词汇积累　语篇中黑体词汇为主题词汇 段落大意题 第一步：关注每段的首尾句，大体确定段落的主题句。 第二步：关注段落中的转折词(however，but，yet等)或表示总结或概括的词汇(therefore，thus，in short，conclude等)，其后的句子往往是段落的主题句。 第三步：如果没有转折词或总结词，要注意段落中提及的其他逻辑词(如also，still等)，关注段落中频繁提及的词汇，最终确定主旨和正确选项。 本文中第3题是段落大意题，根据策略，解题如下： Step 1　根据第五段内容可以发现一些关键词“a language database”“confirmed”“a global change”等。 这些关键词与上文提到的研究结果有关。 Step 2　关注段落中发现的一些逻辑词“also”“still”等，可知本段是对上一段的进一步说明。 Step 3　结合上一段的内容，可知本段是为研究结果所提供的一些具体例证。对比选项发现最佳答案为A。 (2022·全国乙改编) 学校英文报正在开展以Learning English Beyond the Classroom为题的讨论。请使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿，内容包括： 1．学习活动状况描述； 2．简单评论； 3．你的建议。 注意：1.词数80左右； 2．短文的题目和首句已为你写好。 Learning English Beyond the Classroom There are many things we can do to learn English well._______________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 分步练写作 第一步　审题谋篇 [审题] 写作要求使用图表中的调查结果写一篇短文投稿。写作时要注意下面几点： 1．确定文体：这是一篇有说明、有议论的小短文。 2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。 3．主体人称：人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。 [谋篇] 第一段：总体概述。 第二段：对学习活动状况进行描述。 第三段：评论和建议。 第二步　遣词造句 [核心用词] 1．做调查conduct a survey 2．占……比例account for 3．以一种更为娱乐的方式in a more entertaining way 4．将……考虑在内take...into consideration 5．为……奠定坚实的基础lay a solid foundation for... [连词成句] 1．最近，我们做了一项关于如何在课堂之外学习英语的调查。 Recently，we conducted a survey about how to learn English beyond the classroom. 2．选择听英文歌曲和看英文电影的学生的比例分别是65%和50%，这是很容易看出来的。 The percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%, which can easily be seen. 3．那些喜欢读英文书籍、浏览英语学习网站的学生只占18%和12%。 Those who enjoy reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%. 4．依我看，我们也应该将英文书籍和网站考虑在内。 As far as I’m concerned，we should also take English books and websites into consideration. 5．它们会为英语学习奠定坚实的基础。 They will lay a solid foundation for English learning. [句式升级] 1．用被动句改写句1。 Recently，a survey about how to learn English beyond the classroom has been conducted. 2．用it作形式主语改写句2。 It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%. 3．用现在分词作定语改写句3。 Those enjoying reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%. 4．用现在分词作结果状语将句4和句5改写成一句话。 As far as I’m concerned，we should also take English books and websites into consideration，thus laying a solid foundation for English learning. 第三步　组句成篇 用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。 Learning English Beyond the Classroom There are many things we can do to learn English well.Recently，a survey about how to learn English beyond the classroom has been conducted.The results are as follows. It can easily be seen that the percentage of students who choose listening to English songs and watching English movies is respectively 65% and 50%.However，those enjoying reading English books and visiting English learning websites only account for 18% and 12%. The results suggest that most students would rather study English in a more entertaining way.As far as I’m concerned，we should also take English books and websites into consideration，thus laying a solid foundation for English learning.Therefore，students should spare more time for English reading rather than watching movies or listening to music too much. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$