Unit 1 Period 6 Extended reading & Other parts—Language points-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（译林版2020）

Period 6　Extended reading & Other parts—Language points Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Recycling waste materials is a way of reducing environmental pollution. 2．It’s a pity that farmland in this region has been completely poisoned(污染，毒害) by chemicals. 3．With further measures taken，the number of people living in poverty has dropped significantly. 4．Our company didn’t make a profit on the project，and instead it lost a lot of money. 5．Tourism has contributed greatly to the local economic(经济的) development. 6．Sadly，this policy could cause serious consequences(后果) to the environment. 7．Some animals are endangered and part of the reason is the loss of their habitats(栖息地)． 8．The building work will go ahead，despite protests(抗议，反抗) from local residents. 9．This beautiful old building has been restored to its former(以前的) glory. 10．For more information，you can refer to the official website of China Daily. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．Are you sure you entirely understand the importance of the entire task？(entire) 2．All the applicants can apply in person or by letter and at the same time should hand in their applications before May 6th.(application) 3．Recycling or using recycled/recyclable paper bags is important to help protect our environment.(recycle) 4．Be careful! The leaves of certain trees are poisonous (poison) to cattle. 5．According to official decision，the government officials are moving to new offices on the other side of town.(official) 6．Over the years the former little company has developed into a highly profitable (profit) business. 7．The poor man said unemployment was the chief cause of poverty.(poverty) 8．The chemist who is working in a chemical industry says she always has a passion for chemistry.(chemical) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．She pretended (that) she didn’t know me when we met in the street，which made me upset. 我们在街上遇见时，她装作不认识我，这使我很伤心。 2．To assist the students in learning Chinese better，our school has decided to donate some books to your Chinese class. 为了帮助学生更好地学习汉语，我们学校决定给你们的中文班捐赠一些图书。 3．I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my honor to show you around Beijing when that day comes. 我真诚地希望你的梦想会实现，当那一天到来时，带你在北京转转是我的荣幸。 application n．应用，运用；申请(apply v．运用；申请；应用；涂抹，敷 applicant n．申请人) apply (to sb) for sth(向某人)申请某物 apply to do sth申请做某事 apply to适用于 apply sth to sth把某物应用/涂抹于…… apply oneself to致力于/集中精力于……(to为介词) (1)(2021·浙江)The study showed the animals had figured out how to apply what they learned about human faces during training to new faces in the testing stage. (2)He has applied to the school for scholarship and his application(apply) is under discussion. (3)Since last year，he has been applying himself to studying(study) traditional Chinese medical science. (4)(应用文写作之申请信) Knowing that a Chinese painting exhibition will be held at the gallery next month，I am writing to apply to become a volunteer. 得知画廊将在下个月举办中国画展览，我写信申请成为一名志愿者。 (5)(应用文写作之申请信)I’d appreciate it if you could take my application into account at your convenience. 如果您能在方便的时候考虑我的申请，我将不胜感激。 (6)(2021·新高考全国Ⅰ，读后续写)He applied some medicine to Jeff’s hand，and then set out to help them clean up the mess，throwing away the burnt toast. 他往杰夫的手上涂了一些药，然后开始帮助他们清理残局，扔掉了烤焦的面包片。 protest vi.反对，抗议 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 n．抗议，反对 •protest against/about/at＝make a protest against...对……提出抗议 •without protest顺从地 under protest不服气地；不甘心地；无奈地 (1)Tom stood there silently and accepted his punishment without protest. 汤姆沉默地站在那里，顺从地接受了惩罚。 (2)She wrote a letter of apology but only under protest. 她无奈之下写了一封致歉信。 (3)(应用文写作之建议信)在我看来，通过绝食来反抗你父母的决定似乎是不明智的。 ①From my point of view，it seems unwise to protest about/against/at your parents’ decision by hunger strike.(protest v．) ②From my point of view，it seems unwise to make a protest against your parents’ decision by hunger strike.(protest n．) defence n．辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守(defend vt.保卫；保护) •in defence of保护……；为了保卫……；为……辩护 •defend...against/from(doing...)防御；保护……以免…… defend oneself自卫；为自己辩护 (1)The monument is in memory of the soldiers who died in defence(defend) of their country. (2)A strategy was put forward at the meeting to defend the Lijiang River against/from being polluted. (3)When a dog was approaching，I picked up a stick to defend myself(I)． (4)(读后续写之动作描写)看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护他的儿子。 ①Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed to defend his son like an arrow.(defend) ②Seeing the fierce snake，he rushed in defence of his son like an arrow.(defence) consequence n．结果，后果；重要性(consequent adj.作为结果的；随之发生的consequently adv.所以；因此；结果) as a consequence＝in consequence＝consequently结果；因此 as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于……的缘故 (1)My car broke down and consequently(consequence) I was late and was blamed by the boss. (2)The warming of the Earth and the consequent(consequence) climatic changes impact on us all. (3)The unemployment rate has decreased as a consequence of/in consequence of the good policy. 由于良好的政策，失业率下降了。 (4)(2020·全国Ⅰ)Regardless of the risk of getting infected，Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.As a result，he deserves our respect. →Regardless of the risk of getting infected，Uncle Li is responsible and devoted to his job.As a /In consequence，he deserves our respect. come up with 想出，想到 come about发生，产生 come across偶遇，被理解；无意中发现 come out出版；开花；出现；结果是 come to共计，达到 come up升起；被提出；发生，发芽；走近 when it comes to...当谈到…… 注意：come up with为及物动词短语；come up为不及物动词短语。 用come的相关短语填空 (1)You would take things as they came.All you had to do was to think a little harder and come up with a new solution. (2)I came across an article on how to protect the species in danger of extinction the other day. (3)It is said that the book about wildlife will come out next month. (4)It will be so great watching the sun come up in the east. (5)When it comes to improving spoken English，my suggestion is that you should listen to and speak English as often as possible. call for (公开)要求；需要 call up使回忆起；给……打电话 call in叫来；召来；召回 call off取消；停止 call on/upon拜访(某人)；号召 call at拜访(某个地点) 用call的相关短语填空 (1)(应用文写作之环境保护)A week before Earth Day，posters were put up around our school，calling on us to protect our environment. (2)The problem is that studying those species calls for a lot of patience. (3)I stared at these pictures on the wall，which called up memories of our class trip. (4)The sports meeting has been called off due to the bad weather. (5)Mr White was to call at my house after he finished his speech. spring to mind 突然记起(或想到) make up one’s mind下定决心 change one’s mind改变主意 将……记在心中 fix one’s mind on/upon...全神贯注于…… (1)Honesty and reliability are the two words that spring to mind when people talk about the man. 诚实和可靠是人们在谈到这个人时就会想到的两个词。 (2)(读后续写之人物特点描写)Once he has made up his mind to do something，nothing can change his mind.He will fix his mind on/upon what he is doing until he achieves his goal. 一旦他下定决心做某件事，什么都不能够改变他的主意。他将全神贯注于他正在做的事情，直到实现目标。 (3)(应用文写作之建议信)First of all，keep/bear in mind that at present your main task is to build up your body.首先，记住你目前的主要任务是增强你的体质。 get/be rid of 摆脱，丢弃，扔掉 rid...of...使……摆脱……；去除；清除 rid oneself of摆脱；从……中解脱 (1)To rid the world of hunger，we should take measures to educate farmers first. (2)After several years of hard work，she eventually rid herself (she) of poverty. (3)(应用文写作之健康建议)Getting rid of bad habits like smoking and drinking alcohol is an important way to keep healthy.摆脱像抽烟、喝酒这样的坏习惯是保持健康的一种重要方式。 “so＋助动词＋主语”结构 教材原句　As the human population continues to grow，so does the effect we have on animals.随着人口的继续增长，我们对动物的影响也在不断增加。(P8) •本句中的so does the effect we have on animals是“so＋助动词＋主语”结构。 •“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”是一个倒装结构，表示前面的肯定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也一样；……也是”。 •“neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”也是一个倒装结构，表示前面的否定情况也适用于后者，意为“……也不……”。 •“so＋正常语序”表示说话人同意对方的看法或对前文内容给予一种强调性的肯定，意为“……的确如此”。 •如果前一分句里有不同类型的谓语动词，那么后一分句要用so it is with...或it is the same with...，意为“……也一样”。 (1)Some experts protest against heavy industry.So do local residents. 一些专家反对重工业，当地居民也是如此。 (2)You can’t cancel the contract，neither/nor can I．你不能取消合同，我也不能。 (3)—He looks very young. —So he does. ——他看起来很年轻。 ——确实如此。 (4)Jerry enjoys singing，but he doesn’t like dancing.So it is with Mary/It’s the same with Mary.杰瑞喜欢唱歌，但他不喜欢跳舞。玛丽也一样。 with复合结构作状语 教材原句　With pollution levels on the rise，the Norgate Environmental Protection Committee is searching for ways to fight the problem. 鉴于污染程度不断加重，诺盖特环境保护委员会正在设法应对这个问题。(P12) with复合结构作状语的构成： with＋宾语＋ (1)With the exams approaching(approach)，the girl was a little nervous. (2)With more and more forest damaged(damage)，some wildlife is facing the danger of dying out. (3)(应用文写作之求助信)With too much work to do (do)，I suffer from anxiety and can’t sleep well at night. (4)(读后续写之场景描写)With the beautiful moon in the sky，we sit together and eat various mooncakes，sharing our stories. 美丽的月亮挂在天空，我们坐在一起吃着各种月饼，分享我们的故事。 (5)(读后续写之心理描写)Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms and tears of shame and embarrassment welled up in his eyes. →Tom threw himself into his mother’s arms，with tears of shame and embarrassment welling up in his eyes.(用with复合结构改写) Ⅰ.一词多义 colour A.n.颜色，色彩　B.n.颜料，染料　C.n.趣味，乐趣　D.vt.为……着色　E.vt.影响 1．Her acting added warmth and colour to the production. C 2．Don’t let your judgement be coloured by personal feelings. E 3．I prefer to use water colours rather than oil paints. B 4．He drew a monster and coloured it green. D 5．The garden was filled with a mass of colour. A Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．We need a new machine to process the mineral.vt.加工，处理 2．Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopsticks.vt.搅拌 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Our government is trying to take measures to prevent(prevent) and control pollution. 2．Nothing would stop him from speaking out against injustice. 3．The fat boy went on a diet to get rid of his excess weight. 4．We tend to get (get) cold winters and warm，dry summers in this part of the country. 5．As a Chinese painting lover，it’s a good chance for me to introduce (introduce) Chinese painting skills to visitors. 6．Recently，we have been greatly disturbed by the noise from the factory near our school，which has given rise to many complaints. 7．Even if/though there is a common spirit among all music groups，they make very different music. 8．Luck and opportunity go hand in hand with hard work and knowledge. 9．Large amounts of money have been collected (collect) from all over the country in the past two weeks. 10．The newspaper article calls for severe punishment for this crime. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．The new couple are often seen to walk hand in hand with each other in the street. 2．As the quality of the city’s air has given rise to concerns，the residents are forbidden to set off fireworks. 3．The critics are calling for proper sentence for the murder that happened last month. 4．If you want to come up with new ideas，you need to feed your mind with good ideas. 5．Governments and markets have lifted hundreds of millions of residents out of poverty since 2000. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——保护野生动植物) 1．我写信投诉对野生生物的非法捕猎正变得越来越严重。(wildlife) I’m writing to complain that the illegal hunting for wildlife is becoming more and more serious. 2．过去五年来，鲸鱼的数目急剧下降。(witness；whale) The past five years have witnessed the sharp decrease of the whales. 3．如果大自然的平衡被破坏，我们将遭受很大的痛苦。(damage) If the balance of nature is damaged，we will suffer a lot. 4．我们曾经毁掉森林，之后干旱和沙尘暴齐发。(hand in hand) There was a time when we destroyed the forest and then drought and dust storms went hand in hand. 5．该是我们采取措施保护野生生物的时候了。(take measures to do) It is high time that we should take/took measures to protect wildlife. Ⅳ.阅读理解 (2022·江苏无锡高一期末) Despite not being documented by researchers since 1968，the sengi(象鼩)，a tiny big-eyed mouse with a long tail and a trunk-like nose that’s native to Somalia，was rediscovered living in well-preserved habitat in neighboring Djibouti in 2020，and in quite healthy numbers. An exploration beginning in 2019 looked to use local knowledge about the sengi from the people of Djibouti who said it was still there.Sure enough，it took only one trap filled with coconut，peanut butter and yeast to find the little guy. “It was surprising，” said Steven Heritage，a research scientist at Duke University in the US.“When we opened the first trap and saw the little tuft of hair on the tip of its tail，we just looked at one another and couldn’t believe it.A number of small mammal surveys since the 1970s did not find the Somali sengi in Djibouti—it was indeed a serendipitous discovery.” One of the least understood members of the 20 species—giant elephant shrew genus(象鼩属)，the sengi lives in habitats that are unsuitable for most human activities，allowing it to remain relatively undisturbed and safe. “Usually when we rediscover lost species，we find just one or two individuals and have to act quickly to try to prevent their extinction，” said Robin Moore，of the Global Wildlife Conservation(GWC) group. The team set 1,000 traps and caught 12 of the little shrews while making the first video and photographic documentation of the animal for science.Along with rediscovering the species，the team gathered DNA samples(样本) which later showed the Somali sengi to be more closely related to sengis in other corners of Africa like Morocco and South Africa. This finding has suggested that the Somali sengi needs to be placed in a new genus—moving from Elephantulus to Galegeeska. Like all great discoveries in science，the questions answered are only equal to the new mysteries presented，but the researchers’ work has highlighted Djibouti as a biodiverse nation worthy of scientific study.With any luck，perhaps more discoveries are waiting to be made among its desert and salt lakes. 1．What made the finding of the Somali sengi special? A．It was rediscovered by Somalis. B．It looked surprisingly different. C．It reappeared in Africa after more than 50 years. D．It had become smart enough to avoid being trapped. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，让索马里象鼩的发现如此特别的原因是象鼩已经有50多年没有被记录了，即时隔50多年后，它重新出现在了非洲。故选C。 2．What does the underlined word “serendipitous” in paragraph 3 mean? A．Unrealistic. B．Professional. C．Individual. D．Accidental. 答案　D 解析　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“It was surprising”和“A number of small mammal surveys since the 1970s did not find the Somali sengi in Djibouti”可知，这次发现是一个意外。故选D。 3．What does paragraph 4 mainly tell us? A．How the Somali sengi manages to survive. B．Why the Somali sengi can live peacefully. C．How human activities affect the Somali sengi. D．What environment the Somali sengi should live in. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。根据第四段内容可知，象鼩能幸存的原因是它们的栖息地不适合人类活动，因而很少受人类打扰，因此本段主题是象鼩能平静生活的原因。故选B。 4．How did the team know the relationships between the Somali sengi and other sengis? A．By doing DNA tests for them. B．By studying their living habits. C．By comparing their appearances. D．By studying documents about them. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第六段第二句可知，这个团队是通过进行DNA测试来了解索马里象鼩和其他象鼩之间的关系。故选A。 Ⅴ.完形填空 (2023·安徽高一联考) My father collected birds’ eggshells—beautiful blue pieces of robin’s egg.All ten of us children 1 ，often finding shells beside the path where a bird cleaned her house after her young had hatched(孵化)． We’d 2 a find and carry it to the house on the tip of a finger.Then we’d lay it 3 on the bed of something soft Dad had prepared in a wide， 4 desk drawer.Mamma and Dad would examine each shell carefully and help us 5 what kind of bird might have laid the egg. 6 ，we collected hundreds of shell pieces，so many that we had to prepare another drawer for our 7 .Many of us also started our own 8 . My siblings and I loved 9 ，like seeing which one of us could swim the farthest underwater in the pond by our house.Of course we 10 a competition of who could find the rarest eggshell.Many birds lay blue eggs，except the hummingbird.A tiny hummingbird’s shell was a sure 11 ！ When I became a grandmother，my granddaughter and I 12 the beloved family tradition.I value passing down this 13 connection to the natural world，and sharing with my granddaughter my 14 of being out on a summer’s day with my brothers and sisters to 15 for some of nature’s most beautiful creations. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。作者小时候和家人收集鸟的蛋壳，与大自然建立了联系。当作者成为祖母时，她仍然和孙女继续着这一家庭传统。 1．A.agreed B．returned C．refused D．contributed 答案　D 解析　agree同意；return返回；refuse拒绝；contribute贡献。根据下文“often finding shells beside the path”可知，此处指我们十个孩子也帮爸爸找蛋壳。故选D。 2．A.pick up B．hand in C．turn to D．give out 答案　A 解析　pick up拾起，捡起；hand in上交；turn to转向；give out释放。根据下文“and carry it to the house on the tip of a finger”可知，我们会捡起发现的蛋壳带回家。find在句中作名词，意为“发现物”。故选A。 3．A.hurriedly B．impatiently C．carefully D．secretly 答案　C 解析　hurriedly匆忙地；impatiently不耐烦地；carefully小心地；secretly悄悄地。根据下文“something soft”以及常识可知，蛋壳易碎，所以我们会小心翼翼地放。故选C。 4．A.broken B．empty C．beautiful D．messy 答案　B 解析　broken坏的；empty空的；beautiful漂亮的；messy凌乱的。根据空前“wide”可知，此处指抽屉又宽又空，可以容纳很多蛋壳。故选B。 5．A.remember B．revise C．admit D．recognize 答案　D 解析　remember记得；revise修改；admit承认；recognize识别。根据下文“what kind of bird might have laid the egg”可知，此处指爸爸妈妈会仔细检查每一个壳，帮助我们识别可能是哪种鸟产的蛋。故选D。 6．A.Instead B．However C．Together D．Therefore 答案　B 解析　下文“so many that we had to prepare another drawer”与上文提到的“爸爸准备了一个抽屉来装这些收藏品”形成转折。故选B。 7．A.photos B．presents C．treasures D．awards 答案　C 解析　photo照片；present礼物；treasure珍宝；award奖励。根据下文“Of course we _________a competition of who could find the rarest eggshell.”可知，作者视这些蛋壳为珍宝。故选C。 8．A.collection B．selection C．invention D．life 答案　A 解析　collection收藏；selection选择；invention发明；life生活。根据上文“also started our own”中的also可知，我们也开始了自己的收藏。故选A。 9．A.advances B．competitions C．discussions D．differences 答案　B 解析　advance进展；competition比赛；discussion讨论；difference差异。根据下文“like seeing which one of us could swim the farthest underwater”可知，作者和她的兄弟姐妹都喜欢比赛。故选B。 10．A.missed B．named C．started D．watched 答案　C 解析　miss错过；name命名；start开始；watch观看。根据下文“a competition of who could find the rarest eggshell”可知，此处指开始了一场谁能找到最稀有蛋壳的竞赛。故选C。 11．A.mistake B．helper C．misfortune D．winner 答案　D 解析　mistake错误；helper助手；misfortune不幸；winner获胜者。根据上文“Many birds lay blue eggs，except the hummingbird.”可知，除了蜂鸟，许多鸟都产蓝色的蛋。因此，蜂鸟的蛋壳是很稀有的。所以谁找到小蜂鸟的壳，谁就是获胜者。故选D。 12．A.continued B．changed C．removed D．improved 答案　A 解析　continue继续；change改变；remove移除；improve改进。根据下文“I value passing down this connection to the natural world”可知，当作者成为祖母时，她和孙女继续着她深爱的家庭传统。故选A。 13．A.formal B．unique C．common D．hidden 答案　B 解析　formal正式的；unique独特的；common普通的；hidden隐藏的。根据上文内容和下文“connection to the natural world”可知，通过找鸟蛋壳建立的与大自然的联系是独特的。故选B。 14．A.dreams B．thoughts C．memories D．promises 答案　C 解析　dream梦想；thought想法；memory记忆；promise承诺。根据下文“being out on a summer’s day with my brothers and sisters to for some of nature’s most beautiful creations”可知，此处指作者与孙女分享她与兄弟姐妹寻找蛋壳的回忆。故选C。 15．A.fight B．wait C．prepare D．search 答案　D 解析　fight斗争；wait等待；prepare准备；search寻找。根据第一段的“often finding shells beside the path”可知，此处指作者与兄弟姐妹在夏天外出寻找蛋壳，search for与finding为同义词复现。故选D。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Wildlife is a popular theme in photography.Every year，the Natural History Museum in London holds a contest for 1. Wildlife Photographer of the Year.Among 49,000 pictures 2. (receive) from more than 80 countries，Russian photographer Sergey Gorshkov’s picture The Embrace 3. (award) Grand Title Winner in October. In the picture，rays of low winter sun highlight the ancient fir tree.A female tiger is embracing the tree,4. (rub) her cheek against the bark to leave her scent and mark her territory(地盘) in Leopard National Park in Russia.The picture shows a story told in glorious color and texture of the comeback of the Amur tiger(东北虎)，5. is a symbol of the Russian wilderness. Eastern Russia’s tigers were hunted to near extinction in the last century.And with their prey(猎物) decreasing，it means the animals have to travel a vast 6. (distant) to find food.These tigers can be found only in the Russian Far East，Northeast China and 7.________ (possible) North Korea. “The remarkable sight of the tigress in her 8. (nature) environment offers us hope，9. recent reports suggest numbers are growing from conservation efforts，” said Tim Littlewood，the Natural History Museum’s executive director of science and a member of the judging panel. “Through the unique emotive power of photography，we are reminded 10. the beauty of the wild world and our shared responsibility to protect it，” he added. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了俄罗斯摄影师Sergey Gorshkov以东北虎为主题拍摄的作品《拥抱》。 1．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。空后Wildlife Photographer of the Year是专有名词，表示“年度最佳野外摄影师”，是特指。故填the。 2．答案　received 解析　考查非谓语动词。动词receive和名词pictures之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填received。 3．答案　was awarded 解析　考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。根据时间状语in October可知，应用一般过去时，主语picture和动词award之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语是名词单数，be动词用was。故填was awarded。 4．答案　rubbing 解析　考查非谓语动词。动词rub的逻辑主语就是句子的主语A female tiger，两者之间是主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填rubbing。 5．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。此处引导一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Amur tiger，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用which引导。故填which。 6．答案　distance 解析　考查名词。根据前面的a可知此处用名词。故填distance。 7．答案　possibly 解析　考查副词。空处作状语修饰can be found，应用副词。故填possibly。 8．答案　natural 解析　考查形容词。修饰名词environment应用形容词作定语。故填natural。 9．答案　because/as/since/for/and 解析　考查连词。分析句意可知两句的关系可以看作是主句与原因状语从句，也可以看作是并列句。故填because/as/since/for/and。 10．答案　of 解析　考查介词。remind...of...使某人记起某事，此处是其被动形式。故填of。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$