Unit 2 Period 6 Developing ideas—Reading comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（外研版2019）

Period 6　Developing ideas—Reading comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．extend　　 A．to help sb/sth to do sth，especially by making it easier 2．hesitate B．most important or main；highest in rank 3．aid C．to make sth bigger or longer 4．obtain D．easily upset by the things people say or do 5．sensitive E．to pause before you do or say something，often because you are uncertain or nervous about it 6．generous F．to get something，especially by making an effort 7．chief G．more important，bigger，or more serious than others of the same type 8．major H．willing to give sth，especially more than is necessary or expected 答案　1.C　2.E　3.A　4.F　5.D　6.H　7.B　8.G Ⅱ.选词填空 1．At one point I thought Nancy was going to refuse，but in the end she agreed. 2．As the leader came into the stadium，the crowd rose to their feet to shout and cheer. 3．Nowadays，the difficulty of college students’ employment has been brought to public attention. 4．In fact，it is impossible for you to keep records of every sentence in your notebook. 5．The next morning，we took her to the hospital where a week later she passed away. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What is the main idea of the passage? A．Nicholas Winton is a respected figure. B．The Nazis killed many children during World War Ⅱ. C．The life of Nicholas Winton and his achievement. D．Many Jewish children were helped by Royal Air Force. 答案　C Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Match each paragraph with its main idea. Para.1　　 A．Winton’s jobs during World War Ⅱ. Para.2 B．Winton passed away at a very old age. Para.3 C．Winton’s family background and his early jobs. Para.4 D．Winton received various honours for his achievement. Para.5 E．A scene of children escaping from the hands of the Nazis. Para.6 F．A forgotten journal made Winton’s actions known to the public. Para.7 G．Winton saved 669 children from December 1938 to August 1939. 答案　Para.1 E　Para.2 C　Para.3 G　Para.4 A　Para.5 F　Para.6 D　Para.7 B Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read Para.1 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．What happened to the 669 children? A．They were killed by the Nazis. B．They were saved from death at the hands of the Nazis by Nicholas Winton. C．They fled to their native countries. D．They finally settled in the US. 答案　B 2．What can we learn from paragraph 1? A．The children boarded the train with their parents. B．The children were excited to board the train. C．The number of the children who boarded the train was 669. D．It was very likely that the parents would not see their children again. 答案　D Ⅱ.Read Paras.2－5 carefully and do the following exercises. 1．Put the following events in order of time. ①Nicholas Winton returned to Britain and worked in business. ②Nicholas Winton worked for international charities and for various companies. ③Nicholas Winton worked in banks in Germany and France. ④Nicholas Winton served as an officer in Britain’s Royal Air Force. A．①③④② B．①②③④ C．③①④② D．③④①② 答案　C 2．Why did Winton come to Prague? A．He wanted to escape from war as soon as possible. B．He went there to further his study after leaving school. C．He went there to see his parents and his best friends. D．He went to aid people who were escaping from the Nazis. 答案　D 3．Why did Winton decide to aid the children? A．Because of his strong desire to do good. B．Because of his determination to be a hero. C．Because of his hatred towards the Nazis. D．Because of his sympathy for the children’s fate. 答案　D 4．What made Nicholas Winton’s story known to the public? A．His wife’s promotion. B．The television programme That’s Life. C．Leaders’ praise. D．The 669 children’s appearance. 答案　B 5．What can we infer from the fifth paragraph? A．The audience were moved by Winton’s deed. B．The programme was very interesting. C．The audience liked the children saved by Winton. D．Winton’s wife found a journal about some brave soldiers. 答案　A Ⅲ.Read Paras.6－7 carefully and do the following exercise. What made Nicholas Winton so great and respected? A．Helping people in danger. B．Working as a business man. C．The British TV programme. D．Working for international charities. 答案　A Ⅳ.Read the whole passage again and do the following exercises. 1．Who is Nicholas Winton? A．A great man who saved others from death. B．A brave man who once served in the army. C．A respectable man who received various honours. D．All of the above. 答案　D 2．What kind of passage is it? A．A newspaper report. B．A biography. C．A book review. D．A guideline. 答案　B 3．How does the text develop? A．By space. B．By example. C．By time. D．By comparison. 答案　C Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．Voice your opinions about this passage.(Critical thinking) 2．Do you know of any Chinese who have acted in a similar way to Winton? Share their stories with the class.(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 In August 1939，a group of frightened children 1.boarded(board) a train at Prague’s Wilson Station.Nicholas Winton would save them from death at the hands of the Nazis. Nicholas Winton was born 2.on 19 May 1909 in London，to German-Jewish parents.On 3.leaving(leave) school，Winton worked in banks in Germany and France.He returned to Britain in 1931,4.where he worked in business. When Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger in Prague，he decided 5.to help(help) transport children to safety in Britain.By August 1939，Winton 6.had saved(save) 669 children.During World War Ⅱ，Winton served as an officer in Britain’s Royal Air Force.After he left the military，Winton worked for international charities and for various companies.However，for the most part，he did not mention the children he saved，and his actions soon disappeared from people’s memories. In 1988，his wife Grete found a 7.forgotten(forget) journal at home.The journal contained photographs and 8.names(name) of the children and addresses of the families that took them in.She sent the journal to a newspaper and the British television programme That’s Life brought his actions to public attention. Later，Winton received various honours for his 9.achievement(achieve)．Nicholas Winton passed away on 1 July 2015，at 10.the age of 106. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．It is August 1939，and a group of frightened children are boarding a train at Prague’s Wilson Station. [句式分析]　此句是一个由and连接的并列句；frightened是形容词化的过去分词作定语，修饰名词children；frightened意为“感到害怕的”；动词board意为“上船(或火车、飞机、公共汽车等)”。 [自主翻译]　1939年8月，一群心惊胆战的孩子们在布拉格的威尔逊车站登上列车。 2．In December 1938，a friend asked Winton to come to Prague to aid people who were escaping from the Nazis. [句式分析]　此句为复合句。该句中主语是a friend，谓语是asked，Winton作宾语；to come to Prague to aid people是不定式短语作宾语补足语；who were escaping from the Nazis是who引导的定语从句。 [自主翻译]　1938年12月，一个朋友请求温顿前往布拉格帮助那里逃脱纳粹的迫害的人们。 3．In Prague，Winton saw people living in terrible conditions and whose lives were in danger. [句式分析]　此句为复合句。主干结构为Winton saw people；living in terrible conditions是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰前面的名词people；and后面是whose引导的定语从句，修饰其先行词people。 [自主翻译]　在布拉格，温顿看到人们生活在恶劣的环境中，连生命都受到威胁。 4．He used donated funds and his own money to pay the 50 pounds per child that the British government required. [句式分析]　此句为复合句。该句主语为He，谓语为used，donated funds and his own money作宾语；后面的不定式短语作目的状语；that the British government required是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词the 50 pounds per child。 [自主翻译]　他用捐款和自己的钱来支付英国政府向每个孩子征收的50英镑的费用。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Volunteer with Philly Food Rescue(PFR) In one hour，you can do something to reduce food waste and resource local community. Download the Philly Food Rescue app to get started. What’s the service opportunity? PFR is the sustainability，food recovery，and donations arm of Share Food Program.You’ll use your own car (or bike) to rescue leftover food from a grocery store，restaurant，or farmers’ market，delivering it to the matched non-profit takers.Those include senior centers，shelters，schools，and more.You can claim a one-time or weekly food rescue. What difference does food rescue make? PFR works to increase access to fresh food for our neighbors.Our team recovers half a million pounds of food every month thanks to volunteers like you.We resource more than 283 partners across Philadelphia，its suburbs，and South Jersey，impacting food security and sustainability every day of the week. What’s required? •If driving，a driver’s license and insurance are needed.For smaller food rescues，a bike may do. •Food rescue volunteers should be able to lift at least 30 pounds. •Clear the trunk and back seat to make space for boxes or bags of food. •Complete the food rescue within its scheduled window. Additional information： •PFR matches donations within five miles to keep food local，honor volunteers’ time，and ensure food safety. •You’re welcome to bring a friend or child as a passenger to help with loading，unloading，and delivery. •Questions? Ask Britt at bkorn@sharefoodprogram.org or (215)301-3734. 1．What does the author intend to do? A．To call on people to help. B．To inform people of food rescue. C．To introduce ways of volunteering. D．To entertain people with a new concept. 答案　A 解析　写作意图题。根据文章标题“Volunteer with Philly Food Rescue(PFR)”及第一段可知，文章的主要目的是呼吁人们做志愿者帮助别人。故选A。 2．What do we learn about PFR service? A．It donates to Share Food Program. B．It covers the national senior centers. C．Its rescues have appointed receivers. D．Its aim is to help the stores or markets. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据What’s the service opportunity？部分的“You’ll use your own car (or bike) to rescue leftover food from a grocery store，restaurant，or farmers’ market，delivering it to the matched non-profit takers.”可知，它的救助有指定的接收者。故选C。 3．What is required of every volunteer? A．Medical insurance. B．Scheduling skills. C．Driving experience. D．Weight lifting power. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据What’s required？部分的“Food rescue volunteers should be able to lift at least 30 pounds.”可知，每个志愿者需要有一定的举重力量。故选D。 B Tu Youyou has become the first Chinese woman to win a Nobel Prize for her work in helping to create an anti-malaria medicine.The 84-year-old’s route to the honour has been anything but traditional.In China，she is being called the “three nos” winner: no medical degree，no doctorate，and she’s never worked overseas. In 1967，malaria，a then deadly disease，spread by mosquitoes was decimating Chinese soldiers fighting Americans in the jungles of northern Vietnam.A secret research unit “Mission 523” was formed to find a cure for the illness.Two years later，Tu Youyou was instructed to become the new head of “Mission 523”． “Mission 523” read ancient books carefully for a long time to find historical methods of fighting malaria.When she started her search for an anti-malaria drug，more than 240,000 compounds(化合物) around the world had already been tested，without any success.Finally，the team found a brief reference to one matter，sweet wormwood(青蒿)，which had been used to treat malaria in China around 400 CE.The team took out one active compound in wormwood，and then tested it.But nothing was effective until Tu Youyou returned to the original ancient text.After another careful reading，she changed the drug recipe one final time，heating the compound without allowing it to reach boiling point. After the drug showed promising results in mice and monkeys，Tu Youyou volunteered to be the first human receiver of the new drug. In any case，Tu Youyou is consistently praised for her drive and enthusiasm.One former colleague，Lianda Li，says Ms Tu is “unsociable and quite straightforward”，adding that “if she disagrees with something，she will say it”． Another colleague，Fuming Liao，who has worked with Tu Youyou for more than 40 years，describes her as a “tough and stubborn woman”．Stubborn enough to spend decades piecing together ancient texts，she applies them to modern scientific practices.The result has saved millions of lives. 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了中国第一个诺贝尔医学奖获得者屠呦呦，并讲述了她利用青蒿素治疗疟疾的研究过程以及周围的人对她的评价。 4．What can we know about Tu Youyou according to paragraph 1? A．She has a medical degree. B．She discovered a cure for malaria alone. C．Her road to success is not traditional. D．She is the first woman to win a Nobel Prize. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段中“The 84-year-old’s route to the honour has been anything but traditional.”可知，屠呦呦的成功之路和传统的成功之路完全不一样。故选C。 5．Which word can replace the underlined word “decimating”？ A．Encouraging. B．Killing. C．Annoying. D．Benefiting. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句可知，当时疟疾是一种致命的疾病，通过蚊子传播，这种病可以导致人死亡，即这种疾病杀死了在越南作战的中国士兵。故画线词意为“杀死”。故选B。 6．Which of the following statements is TRUE? A．Tu first proposed the idea of using sweet wormwood as a cure. B．Tu was inspired by medical textbooks published in northern Vietnam. C．The compound needs to be heated to the boiling point to be effective. D．Over 240,000 compounds were proved ineffective before Tu’s search. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第三段中“When she started her search for an anti-malaria drug，more than 240,000 compounds(化合物) around the world had already been tested，without any success.”可知，在屠呦呦寻找抗疟疾药物之前，超过24万种化合物已经被证明无效。故选D。 7．Which of the following can best describe Tu Youyou? A．Devoted and determined. B．Straightforward and mean. C．Considerate and tough. D．Sociable and generous. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段最后三句以及最后一段中“Stubborn enough to spend decades piecing together ancient texts，she applies them to modern scientific practices.The result has saved millions of lives.”可推知，屠呦呦投入研究，且执着地研究了几十年的古代典籍，说明她是有决心的。故选A。 C People who give，live longer，studies have shown.Now，a new study by University of Michigan shows that why people volunteer—not whether they volunteer—is what really counts. For the study，Konrath and colleagues analyzed data collected in 2008 and 2012 aiming at the same random samples of 3,376 people.Overall，they found that just 2.3 percent of those who once worked as volunteers had died，compared to 4.3 percent of non-volunteers.They further found that how much people volunteered mattered as well—only 1.8 percent of regular volunteers died，compared with 2.5 percent of occasional volunteers. But what really made a difference were people’s motives for volunteering.The researchers asked people to rate how important they found various reasons for volunteering，and they found that the more important people rated reasons such as feeling pity for people in need，the more likely they were to be alive.Those who rated motives related to personal benefit as more important were more likely to have died，and just as likely to die as those who didn’t volunteer at all.These reasons included volunteering because they enjoyed the social contact，to escape their own problems，or to explore their own strengths. Konrath says the current findings suggest it may be a poor idea to encourage people to volunteer because it’s good for them.“Volunteering is increasingly being encouraged in schools and organizations.Some groups say that it’s okay to want benefits for yourself，and encourage people to think of volunteering as an exchange for personal interests.Some groups emphasize the health benefits received through volunteering.” Konrath added，“Of course，it’s reasonable for volunteers to expect benefits for themselves.But the potential health benefits of volunteering are significantly reduced if self-benefit becomes a person’s main motive.” 8．What does the new study mainly find? A．How we volunteer makes sense to others. B．How often we volunteer makes a difference. C．Whether we volunteer decides our well-being. D．Why we volunteer has an impact on our health. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知，研究显示做志愿者可以更长寿，故推断出新的研究主要发现：为什么我们做志愿者会对我们的健康产生影响。故选D。 9．How did the researchers do the study? A．By analyzing statistics. B．By rating volunteers’ performances. C．By doing lab experiments. D．By grouping participants randomly. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“For the study，Konrath and colleagues analyzed data collected in 2008 and 2012 aiming at the same random samples of 3,376 people.”可知，研究人员通过分析统计数据进行这项研究。故选A。 10．Which of the following motives will probably contribute to a longer life? A．To develop abilities. B．To make more friends. C．To help the poor people. D．To solve personal problems. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可推断出，可能有助于延长寿命的动机是同情有需要的人。故选C。 11．What is the last paragraph mainly about? A．Practical suggestions on further studies. B．A further explanation of the current findings. C．Potential applications of the research method. D．A reasonable doubt about the research results. 答案　B 解析　段落大意题。文章前三段介绍了做志愿者的动机才是对健康起作用的因素，根据最后一段中的“Konrath says the current findings suggest it may be a poor idea to encourage people to volunteer because it’s good for them.”可知，最后一段又介绍了出于个人利益做志愿者的进一步影响，说明最后一段是对当前调查结果的进一步解释。故选B。 Ⅱ.七选五 The social responsibility of corporations is an ethical framework in which corporations are responsible for fulfilling their duty and taking actions that will benefit society as a whole.Managers always make decisions that maximize profits. 1 The following are some benefits of adding social responsibility within an organization. 　2　 In many cases，companies find that when they introduce more energy-efficient methods and begin recycling，they actually cut operational costs and benefit the environment.Social responsibility also increases transparency(透明度) with investment analysts and community members，which in turn improves the company’s reputation and increases the overall value. It makes business attractive to investors.Investors generally believe that a commitment to social change is a great way to position a company for long-term success.There must be a balancing act between focusing on the profits of an organization and social initiatives(主动性)． 3 That is good for investors. It improves company reputation.If an organization is continually participating in social initiatives，it gives an impression to customers，investors and the world as a whole that the organization has good economic strength. 4 It increases customer loyalty and support.Consumers are drawn to companies that have a good reputation. 5 As your loyal customers talk to people they know about your product and share positive reviews，they will drive more business to you. In a word，keeping social responsibility is very important to corporations.It’s also important to consider what social responsibility initiatives they’re going to take and the impact that they will have on society. A．It improves profits and value. B．Doing so improves business culture. C．That in turn can improve the company’s reputation. D．It should improve labor policies and have fair trade. E．Customers’ backing is key to attracting new customers. F．However，they also should protect the interests of the society. G．Keeping the balancing act can also create endless opportunities for companies. 语篇解读　本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了企业坚持自己的社会责任会给自己本身带来积极作用。 1．答案　F 解析　根据上文“Managers always make decisions that maximize profits.”可知，F项(但是，他们也应该保护社会的利益)符合语境，与上文形成转折关系，且引起下文“The following are some benefits of adding social responsibility within an organization.”。故选F。 2．答案　A 解析　根据下文可知，此段主要讲述企业肩负起社会责任不仅会提高自己的利润，还会提高公司的声誉和整体价值。由此可知，A选项(它提高利润和价值)符合语境，适合作本段主题句。故选A。 3．答案　G 解析　上文提到了要有平衡的行动。由此可知，G选项(保持平衡也可以为公司创造无尽的机会)符合语境，讲述了保持平衡的好处。其中balancing act是关键词。故选G。 4．答案　C 解析　上文“It improves company reputation.If an organization is continually participating in social initiatives，it gives an impression to customers，investors and the world as a whole that the organization has good economic strength.”提到了提高公司声誉的做法，由此可知，C选项(这反过来可以提高公司的声誉)符合语境，是上文做法产生的后果。其中reputation是关键词。故选C。 5．答案　E 解析　根据上文“It increases customer loyalty and support.”可知，此处提到了客户的忠诚度和支持。由此可知，E项(客户的支持是吸引新客户的关键)符合语境，继续讲述客户支持的重要性。其中customers是关键词。故选E。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$