Unit 1 Period 4 Using language(1)：Grammar—Verb -ed as adverbial-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（外研版2019）

Period 4　Using language(1)：Grammar—Verb -ed as adverbial 阅读以下短文，感知黑体部分，并完成下面的练习 Last week，①attracted by a particular article in a magazine，Anne bought it.Three days ago，to complete her homework quickly，she copied part of the article without thinking.Her teacher was very satisfied with her homework.②Praised in class，she felt happy as well as ashamed.Then，the teacher wanted to enter her homework into a writing competition.③Shocked by the decision，Anne did not know what to do.If she told the truth，the whole class would look down on her.If she kept silent，maybe no one would ever find out.What should Anne do? 自主发现 以上黑体部分是过去分词(短语)在句中作状语。过去分词在句中作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句的主语，主语与分词之间是被动关系；过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可表示原因(如句①③)、时间(如句②)、让步、方式、条件、伴随等；过去分词作状语可转变为相应的状语从句。 一、过去分词作状语的基本用法 1．过去分词作状语的功能 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示一种状态，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在。其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。 Written in a hurry，the article concerning artificial intelligence was not good. 因为写得匆忙，这篇有关人工智能的文章不好。 2．过去分词作状语的类型 过去分词作状语时，可表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式或伴随情况。过去分词作方式状语或伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。 状语类型 例句 原因 Encouraged by his teacher，the naughty boy began to concentrate on class. →As the naughty boy was encouraged by his teacher，he began to concentrate on class. 由于受到老师的鼓舞，这个淘气的男孩开始集中精力听课了。 条件 Given more time，we could help the injured man out. →If we were given more time，we could help the injured man out. 如果多给我们点时间，我们能帮这位伤员摆脱困境。 让步 Wounded seriously，the brave soldier didn’t let out screams of pain. →Although the brave soldier was wounded seriously，he didn’t let out screams of pain. 尽管受伤严重，那位勇敢的战士也没有发出痛苦的叫声。 时间 Discussed many times，the problems were settled at last. →After the problems were discussed many times，they were settled at last. 多次讨论之后，这些问题终于被解决了。 方式 The old man walked into the room，supported by his son. →The old man walked into the room and was supported by his son. 这位老人在儿子的搀扶下走进了房间。 伴随 Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly，followed by her daughter. →Mrs Wu rushed in breathlessly and she was followed by her daughter. 吴太太上气不接下气地冲了进来，她的女儿紧跟其后。 3.过去分词作状语的位置 过去分词作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中，常用逗号与主句隔开。 二、过去分词作状语的注意事项 1．过去分词作状语时，前面可带有连词，如：when，while，if，though，as if，unless等，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构，以使句意表达得更清楚。 When asked why she came here，the girl held her breath and kept silent. 当被问到她为何来这儿时，那个女孩屏住呼吸，保持沉默。 He let out a cry as if bitten by a snake. 他大叫起来，好像被蛇咬了。 Unless constantly reminded，the young teenagers easily let off steam online. 除非不断被提醒，否则这些青少年很容易在网上发泄情绪。 2．过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。 The signal given，the bus started at once. 信号一发出，公共汽车就立刻开动了。 (The signal given为独立主格结构，give的逻辑主语是signal) 3．有些形容词化的过去分词，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有：seated，hidden，lost/absorbed in，dressed in，concerned等。 Concerned about his son’s safety，he couldn’t fall asleep. 由于担心儿子的安全，他难以入眠。 4．有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时表示主语的某种情绪或状态。常见的这类形容词化的过去分词有：satisfied，surprised，interested，moved，worried，pleased，disappointed，excited等。 Disappointed at the exam result，the girl stood there without saying a word. 因为对考试成绩很失望，女孩站在那儿一句话也没说。 三、过去分词与现在分词作状语的区别 过去分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系，即表示被动；现在分词与句子的主语之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即表示主动。 Seeing from the hill，you will find the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，你会发现这座城市看起来像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系) Seen from the hill，the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市看起来像一个大花园。(see与句子的主语the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系) [助学技巧] 分词作状语，主语是问题。 前后两动作，共用一主语。 主语找出来，再来判关系。 主动用-ing，被动用-ed。 语法填空 Lin Yang had an unforgettable experience during last year.1.Infected(infect) with serious disease，he was sent to hospital.2.Isolated(isolate) and treated there，he was taken good care of.But as a senior 3 student，he couldn’t devote himself to his study like his classmates.He often lay in bed,3.worried(worry)，which had a bad effect on his treatment.One day，his attending doctor came in，4.followed(follow) by another patient with glasses.When 5.told(tell) that the patient was a teacher and he would help students like Lin Yang review their lessons，Lin Yang jumped with joy. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Offered(offer) an important role in a new movie concerning love and family，Andy got a chance to become famous. 2．Nervously facing(face) challenges，I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words—“be yourself”． 3．Banned(ban) from the hotel since 2001，Burchill is now welcome to come back，the Fairmont said. 4．Not knowing(know) how to operate the machine，they turned to the expert for help. 5．Founded(found) in the early 20th century，the school keeps on inspiring children’s love of art. 6．Having spent(spend) all the money，we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel. 7．Satisfied(satisfy) with the service that the businessman provided，the manager decided to cooperate with him. 8．All things considered(consider)，your plan is more practical than ours. 9．Accompanied(accompany) by his university roommates，he visited many places of interest in Xi’an. 10．To save(save) the man injured in the accident，doctors worked through the night. Ⅱ.按照要求改写下列句子 1．As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.(用过去分词改写) →Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder. 2．After the problems were solved，the meeting came to an end.(用独立主格结构改写) →The problems solved，the meeting came to an end. 3．When they were asked who had broken the window，the children all held their breath and kept silent.(用过去分词改写) →When asked who had broken the window，the children all held their breath and kept silent. 4．Though surprised to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome.(改为状语从句) →Though he was surprised to see us，the professor gave us a warm welcome. 5．While I was walking in the street，I came across one of my old friends.(用现在分词改写) →While walking in the street，I came across one of my old friends. Ⅲ.完成句子 1．Grown in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子就能长得快。 2．He walked slowly in the forest，followed by a dog. 他在森林里慢慢地走着，一条狗跟着他。 3．Unless (I am) invited，I won’t come to his birthday party tomorrow. 除非(我)被邀请，否则我明天不会来参加他的生日聚会。 4．Located in the hill，the beautiful old town has become a popular tourist attraction now. 坐落于小山上，这座美丽的古镇现在已经成了一个受欢迎的旅游胜地。 Ⅳ.阅读理解 Searching online for the answer may get you a better grade on the homework.But it won’t necessarily help you learn.Guessing is a better method.Always first find the answers for yourself.It will help you do better on the exam.If you instead find and copy the correct answer，you’ll be less likely to remember it in the future. For many years，students improved by answering questions and did best on the exam.But by the late 2010s，many students were doing more poorly on the exam than on the homework leading up to it.They would even ace the very first homework.That was the one that tested them on what they had not yet learned.In 2008，only around 3 out of 20 students did better on their homework than on the exam.But that grew over time.By 2017，more than half of the students did this way. What had changed over those years？Students might blame(责怪) themselves.They’d think “I’m not smart enough，” or “I should have studied more.” But something else was going on.One big thing was the rise of smartphones.They appeared in 2008，but were not common.Now almost everyone carries one.So it would be easier today to quickly go online and find the answer to just about any homework question.But students can’t use phones during an exam.And that might explain why they aren’t doing as well on the tests. Coming up with answers on your own should lead to better learning for you students at any age.If you find and then copy the right answer，you’re taking the easy way out.And that is wasting a good practice chance.It may take a few more minutes to think of an answer on your own，then check to if it’s right.But that’s the way you’ll learn more. Now that information is easily available to everyone all the time，it probably doesn’t make sense for teachers to expect students to take exams without searching online.Instead，teachers should come up with homework and exam questions that Google can’t easily answer. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述在网上搜索答案可能会给你的家庭作业带来更好的成绩，但它会阻碍你独立思考。作者建议老师为学生出原创题来杜绝这一现象。 1．What is the author’s attitude to finding answers online? A．Uncaring. B．Mixed. C．Unsupportive. D．Unclear. 答案　C 解析　观点态度题。根据第一段内容可知，作者对网上寻找答案的态度是不支持的，故选C。 2．How do students do on their exams and homework now probably? A．They do worse on homework than on exams. B．They do their homework as well as their exams. C．Most of them do better on homework than on exams. D．Most of them do better on exams than on homework. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“But by the late 2010s，many students were doing more poorly on the exam than on the homework leading up to it.”以及最后三句可知，现在多数学生在作业上的表现可能比在考试中的表现更好，故选C。 3．What does the underlined word “ace” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Put effort into. B．Do well in. C．Pay attention to. D．Get involved in. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前“But by the late 2010s，many students were doing more poorly on the exam than on the homework”以及“even”和后一句“That was the one that tested them on what they had not yet learned.”可知，画线词ace意为“在……方面做得好”，即do well in，故选B。 4．What does the author suggest to teachers? A．They shouldn’t allow students to use phones. B．They shouldn’t give a closed-book exam. C．They must cut off the Internet in schools. D．They should give students new questions. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Instead，teachers should come up with homework and exam questions that Google can’t easily answer.”可知，作者建议老师们应该给学生提新的问题。故选D。 Ⅴ.完形填空 Growing up，moments with Mum were painfully short-lived because we spent most of the year at our boarding school in Darjeeling，India.We 1 only during the holidays.The 2 ，cherished moments gradually dimmed as I grew older and moved further away from home for university.Weekly phone calls filled with small talks were too rushed and rough to ever develop into real talks，real feelings，which tended to lead to 3 . This Christmas，to ease our tense relationship，we 4 for a joint sketching(联合素描) activity in a museum. 5 ，I hoped producing something together would help us connect.As our creative juice flowed，our 6 relationship began to take on the colors and shades of something sincere and beautiful. “Look there！” she said excitedly，pointing towards a digital screen that displayed our creations.“That one’s ours.” The fish we had drawn，with its big black eyes against lemon-yellow scales，was 7 with our names.Her eyes filled with a 8 look，Mum went up to the screen and reached out， 9 the fish as if doing so would bring it to life. Looking around the museum，I saw other children sharing moments with their parents，and my own childhood 10 before my eyes.That momentary glimpse of my mother’s childlike 11 ，that rare scene where she 12 an inner innocence and delight at a new experience revealed the little girl in her，who temporarily(暂时地) lost the connection to the 13 of adulthood and motherhood. “Our time together was like that of friends，” she remarks now，as we 14 on our trip.“You were my mother，and I was a child who 15 you around.” Life had indeed come full circle. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者和妈妈通过参加博物馆的联合素描活动来缓解紧张关系的故事。 1．A.united B．gathered C．greeted D．reunited 答案　D 解析　unite团结；gather聚集；greet问候；reunite团聚。根据下文“during the holidays”可知，作者只在假期与妈妈团聚。故选D。 2．A.diverse B．occasional C．limited D．inspiring 答案　C 解析　diverse多种多样的；occasional偶尔；limited有限的；inspiring鼓舞人心的。根据上文“moments with Mum were painfully short-lived”可知，此处指那些有限而珍贵的时刻。故选C。 3．A.debates B．arguments C．bargains D．fights 答案　B 解析　debate辩论；argument争吵；bargain便宜货；fight打架。根据下文“to ease our tense relationship”可知，作者和妈妈的通话总是太匆忙，这会导致争吵。故选B。 4．A.took up B．set up C．signed up D．made up 答案　C 解析　take up占据；set up建立；sign up报名参加；make up编造。根据下文“a joint sketching(联合素描) activity”可知，是报名参加这个活动。故选C。 5．A.Secretly B．Finally C．Gradually D．Exactly 答案　A 解析　secretly私底下；finally最后；gradually逐渐；exactly确切地。根据下文“I hoped producing something together would help us connect”可知，作者私底下希望和妈妈一起制作一些东西可以帮助建立他们的联系。故选A。 6．A.closed B．faded C．expected D．destroyed 答案　B 解析　closed关闭的；faded褪了色的；expected预料的；destroyed被破坏的。根据上文“our tense relationship”可知，作者和妈妈的关系很紧张，此处表示“我们褪了色的关系”。故选B。 7．A.decorated B．packed C．carved D．covered 答案　C 解析　decorate装饰；pack打包；carve雕刻；cover覆盖。根据下文“with our names”可知，那条鱼上刻着作者和妈妈的名字。故选C。 8．A.joyful B．familiar C．willing D．grateful 答案　A 解析　joyful快乐的；familiar熟悉的；willing愿意的；grateful感激的。根据上文“she said excitedly”可知，妈妈很高兴。故选A。 9．A.looking B．imagining C．exploring D．touching 答案　D 解析　look看；imagine想象；explore探索；touch触摸。根据下文“as if doing so would bring it to life”可知，作者的妈妈走近屏幕伸出手去触摸那条鱼。故选D。 10．A.struck B．appeared C．flashed D．revived 答案　C 解析　strike敲打；appear出现；flash闪现；revive恢复。根据上文“my own childhood”可知，作者的童年在作者眼前闪现。故选C。 11．A.laughter B．curiosity C．bravery D．desire 答案　B 解析　laughter笑；curiosity好奇心；bravery勇气；desire渴望。根据上文“Mum went up to the screen and reached out， the fish as if doing so would bring it to life”可知，作者的妈妈对那条鱼很好奇。故选B。 12．A.gave away B．set off C．gave out D．brought about 答案　A 解析　give away泄露；set off出发；give out分发；bring about带来。根据下文“an inner innocence and delight at a new experience revealed the little girl in her”可知，作者的妈妈对新的经历流露出内心的天真和喜悦。故选A。 13．A.pressure B．challenge C．devotion D．identity 答案　D 解析　pressure压力；challenge挑战；devotion奉献；identity身份。根据上文“the little girl in her”及下文“adulthood and motherhood”可知，她暂时与“成年和母亲”的身份失去了联系。故选D。 14．A.reflect B．depend C．focus D．carry 答案　A 解析　reflect反思，回顾；depend依靠；focus集中；carry搬。根据上文“Our time together was like that of friends”可知，这是作者和妈妈在回顾这次旅行。故选A。 15．A.showed B．walked C．ran D．followed 答案　D 解析　show展示；walk走路；run跑；follow跟随。根据上文“You were my mother”可知，句子表示“你是我的妈妈，我是一个跟着你的孩子”。故选D。 Ⅵ.语法填空 Jennifer Jones，a 15-year-old teenage girl，fainted in her PE class and then 1. (rush) to hospital.Her worried parents told the doctor that their daughter had missed breakfast that day.Fortunately，she was out of danger and would make a full 2. (recover) soon.She had struggled with eating problems for a long time，for she thought 3. (skip) meals would be a simple way to reach her target weight. Jennifer’s case is a reminder of the dangers of the 4. (healthy) weight-loss habits which have become common among teenagers.Extremely 5. (concern)，a health expert has warned them against using such extreme methods and stressed that having a balanced diet is necessary since teenagers are still growing and their bodies need a lot of nutrition 6. (function) well.He also points out that it is important for teenagers to keep regular hours and get 7. large amount of exercise to stay energetic and fit. Anyway living well is the safest and most effective way to get 8. shape. 9. we all do so，our society where being thin is often seen as being beautiful will 10. (hopeful) change in the near future. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章通过讲述一个女孩为了减肥而不吃饭，在体育课上晕倒后被送医的故事告诉我们健康生活方式的重要性。 1．答案　was rushed 解析　考查动词时态、语态以及主谓一致。联系上下文可知，此处是发生在过去的事情， rush与主语之间是被动关系，且主语是第三人称单数。故填was rushed。 2．答案　recovery 解析　考查名词。make a recovery康复。故填recovery。 3．答案　skipping 解析　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，thought后面是省略了引导词that的宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，应用动名词作主语。故填skipping。 4．答案　unhealthy 解析　考查形容词。名词habits前用形容词修饰，结合句意可知，此处表达的是“不健康的减肥习惯的危害”，unhealthy意为“不健康的”。故填unhealthy。 5．答案　concerned 解析　考查形容词。concerned是过去分词转化的形容词，在句中作状语，表示原因，意思是“担心的”。故填concerned。 6．答案　to function 解析　考查非谓语动词。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填to function。 7．答案　a 解析　考查冠词。a large amount of意为“大量的”。故填a。 8．答案　into 解析　考查介词。get into shape是固定搭配，意为“强身健体”。故填into。 9．答案　If 解析　考查条件状语从句的连接词。句意：如果我们都这样做，我们这个“瘦通常被视为美”的社会有望在不久的将来改变。设空处引导条件状语从句，且位于句首，首字母要大写。故填If。 10．答案　hopefully 解析　考查副词。用副词形式，在句中作状语。故填hopefully。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$