Unit 1 Period 3 Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（外研版2019）

Period 3　Starting out & Understanding ideas—Language points 提示：题干中加底纹的词汇为本单元的词汇复现，帮助学生及时巩固，循环复习。 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Criticised by her mother，the girl sank into depression，and tears welled up in her eyes. 2．To her embarrassment，her husband let off steam in the presence of the guests. 3．To be frank，differences were covered up but by no means were they fully resolved(解决)． 4．She signalled a passing taxi and asked the driver to take her to the nearest hospital. 5．Each time he got impatient，the teacher would hold up a finger to his lips to ask for silence. 6．Many development strategies(策略) now give priority to agricultural and rural development. Ⅱ.词形变化填空 1．Seeing the belt loosely fastened around her waist，I asked why she did not loosen it completely.(loose) 2．As far as I am concerned，it is parents’duty to be concerned with matters concerning their children’s safety.(concern) 3．She made a resolution to visit her relatives more often，because she resolved to get along well with them.(resolve) 4．Becky stood outside of the room，breathless.She took a deep breath and opened the door.When she found the baby was safe，she breathed a sigh of relief.(breath) 5．It is not my fault；instead，it is an accident caused by a faulty signal.(fault) Ⅲ.完成句子 1．She lost the game，which depressed her greatly. 她输了比赛，这使她很沮丧。 2．That is why I suggest you (should) apply for Peking University，one of the best universities in China. 那就是为什么我建议你申请北京大学，中国最好的大学之一。(why引导表语从句) 3．Treated unfairly，foreigners may lose interest in the tourist attraction. 如果被不公平的对待，外国人可能会对旅游景点失去兴趣。(过去分词作状语) 4．Concerned about her son，she stayed at the bedside the whole night，awake. 出于对儿子的担忧，她整晚都没睡，一直守在床边。(形容词短语作状语) 5．Every time I’m in trouble，my parents will do whatever they could to help out. 每当我遇到麻烦，我父母都会尽其所能帮助我。(whatever引导宾语从句) fault n．责任，过错(faulty adj.不完美的，有缺陷的，错误的 faultless adj.无错误的，完美无缺的) find fault with挑……的毛病，对……吹毛求疵 be at fault (for)(对……)有责任，有过错 be one’s fault是某人的过错 (1) (应用文写作之投诉信)I’m writing to complain about the faulty(fault) hairdryer bought from your shop. (2)Moreover，this trial aims to figure out what happened and who was at fault. (3)(应用文写作之人物介绍)He is such a man who is always finding fault with other people. 他是那种总是挑别人毛病的人。 (4)We required that he should apologize to his mum，but he insisted that it wasn’t his fault. 我们要求他跟他妈妈道歉，但他坚持说那不是他的错。 resolve v．解决(困难、问题)；(作出)决定(resolution n．决议；解决；决心) •resolve to do sth决定做某事 resolve a dispute/conflict/problem解决争端/冲突/问题 •make a resolution to do下定决心做…… (1)We resolved to overcome(overcome) the difficulties and adjust to the life here as soon as possible. (2)Once she has made a resolution(resolve) to do something，nothing would change her mind. →Once she has resolved to do something，nothing would change her mind. (3) To resolve conflicts，we should learn to communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. 为了解决冲突，我们应该学会换位思考多沟通。 signal n．信号；暗号v.暗示；向……发信号 •send out a signal发出信号 •signal (to) sb (not) to do sth示意某人做/不做某事 signal (to) sb that...向某人示意…… (1)The wife signalled(signal) her husband to be quiet，ignoring their son’s letting off steam. (2)She gave us a signal that we shouldn’t find fault with his appearance. →She signalled to us that we shouldn’t find fault with his appearance. (3)He sent out a warning signal that we should not go surfing in such weather. 他发出警告信号说，在这种天气我们不应该去冲浪。 breath n．呼出的气(breathe v．呼吸breathless adj.气喘吁吁的，喘不过气来的) •take a deep breath深吸一口气 hold one’s breath屏住呼吸 out of breath上气不接下气 take one’s breath away令人惊叹 •breathe in/out吸/呼气 (1)People are increasingly concerned about the quality of the air they breathe(breath)． (2)When we reached the top of the mountain，we were all out of breath/breathless，but the beautiful scenery soon took our breath away. 当我们到达山顶时，我们都上气不接下气，但很快美丽的景色让我们惊叹不已。 (3)At the beginning of the yoga course，you should practice breathing in and breathing out. 在瑜伽课程开始时，你应该练习吸气和呼气。 fit in (with) 与……合得来；适应，适合 •be fit for适合……，胜任 be fit to do sth适合/能够做某事 keep fit 保持健康 •fit...out (with sth)为……提供(某物) (1)At the start of this year，Amy joined a painting group but didn’t seem to fit in.She thought she was not fit to paint，so she left.Later，she resolved to join a health club to keep fit，which was fit for her. 今年年初，艾米加入了一个绘画小组，但是似乎并不适应。她认为自己不适合画画，所以就离开了。后来，她决定加入一个健身俱乐部以保持健康，这是适合她的。 (2)(应用文写作之申请信)我坚信我适合这个职位。 I hold a firm belief that I am fit for the post. help out 帮一把；帮助……解决困难/摆脱困境 •help sb with sth/in doing sth/(to) do sth帮助某人(做)某事 can’t help doing sth情不自禁地做某事 •with the help of在……的帮助下 be of help＝be helpful有帮助 (1)Whenever I get into trouble，the agony aunt always helps me out. (2)I can’t help feeling(feel) annoyed at the annoying things the child said. (3)My deskmate always helps me with my English study，telling me some helpful strategies.It is with her generous help that I have made great progress in English. 我的同桌总是帮助我学习英语，告诉我一些有用的策略。正是在她的慷慨帮助下，我在英语方面取得了很大的进步。 let down 使失望，辜负 let go of放手；释放；摒弃；遗忘 let alone更不用说 let...alone随……去，不打扰 let out发出(声音)；放走；结束 用let相关短语的适当形式填空 (1)He is letting off steam，so we’d better let him alone for a while. (2)To be frank，I hadn’t intended to let her down but I failed again. (3)It’s time to let go of the past；after all，we should look forward. (4)Only five months old，the baby can’t even sit up yet，let alone walk! (5)It remains unknown who let out the secret and the matter is being looked into. whatever 引导的宾语从句 教材原句　Filled with anger，you tend to say whatever comes to your mind.满腔怒火的时候，你往往想到什么就说什么。(P4) •句中whatever comes to your mind为whatever引导的宾语从句，whatever相当于anything that。whatever除了引导名词性从句外，还可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what。 •whatever/whoever/whichever这一类词既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句；而no matter what/who/which一般只引导让步状语从句。 (1)The gold medal will be awarded to whoever wins the first place in the bicycle race. (2)It is said that you can take whatever you like when you arrive at the scene. (3)(应用文写作之建议信)Whatever you do，be independent and make your own choices. →No matter what you do，be independent and make your own choices. (4)Whenever/No matter when the students are in trouble，these agony aunts would come to help out. 不论何时学生们遇到麻烦，这些“知心阿姨”们都会来帮忙。 Ⅰ.一词多义 resolve A．决心，决定(n.)　B．表决；决定(v.)　C．解决(v.) 1．The difficulties in her way merely strengthened her resolve. A 2．We must find a way to resolve these problems before it’s too late. C 3．She resolved to report the matter to the hospital’s nursing manager. B Ⅱ.熟词生义 1．As you can see，the water in the washing sink can flow with high speed.n.洗涤池，洗碗槽 2．Steam the carrots until they are just beginning to be tender.v.蒸(食物) Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．They have guaranteed that any faulty(fault) parts will be replaced free of charge. 2．In order not to miss the train，Blair ran so fast that he became breathless(breath) in no time. 3．Not knowing to accept the offer or not，he turned to his close friend for advice. 4．As far as I know，the play is loosely(loose) based on his childhood in Russia. 5．Seeing the kitchen in a mess，my mother couldn’t help bursting(burst) with anger. 6．When John had an idea，it was sure to be(be) a good idea. 7．She has turned down several invitations to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies. 8．Seen(see) from space，our Earth with water covering about 70% of its surface，appears as a blue ball. 9．My grandmother helped me believe that I could accomplish whatever I put my mind to. 10．The manager apologised to Judy for not arranging for someone to meet her at the airport. Ⅱ.选词填空 1．Sharing my joys and sorrows with friends helped me gain confidence and fit in with others. 2．We were getting so busy with different tasks that we soon needed someone to help out. 3．Jim is always honest and reliable and seldom does he let us down. 4．Only if everyone in the team pulls his weight can we succeed in the end. 5．Ben took a deep breath and resolved to tell his teacher the truth. Ⅲ.单句写作(应用文写作——人际关系) 1．下面是几条帮助你与他人合得来的建议。(倒装句) Here are a few tips that may help you fit in with others. 2．首先，要可靠和乐于助人；永远不要让那些相信你的人失望。(let down) Firstly，be reliable and helpful；never let those who believe in you down. 3．第二，不论何时你的朋友遇到麻烦，都要帮助他们。(whenever引导状语从句) Secondly，help your friends out whenever they are in trouble. 4．最后但同样重要的是，要友善，不要总是挑剔别人。(find fault with) Last but not least，be kind and don’t always find fault with others. 5．如果执行得当，这些建议将对您大有裨益。(过去分词作状语) Well carried out，these suggestions will be of great benefit to you. Ⅳ.阅读理解 Sure，it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant. And yes，it’s good to get along well with your teacher because，in general，it’s smart to learn how to get along well with the different types of people you’ll meet throughout your life. In fact，kids who get along well with their teachers not only learn more，but they’re more comfortable with asking questions and getting extra help.This makes it easier for them to understand new materials and makes them do their best on tests.When you have this kind of relationship with a teacher，he or she can be someone to turn to with problems，such as problems with learning or school issues(问题)． Here is a question：What if you don’t get along with your teachers？In fact，teachers want to get along well with you and enjoy seeing you learn.But teachers and students sometimes have personality clashes(个性冲突)，which can happen between any two people.If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better，he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen.By dealing with a problem like this，you learn something about how to get along with people who are different from you. However if a certain teacher isn’t your favorite，you can still have a successful relationship with him or her especially if you fulfill(履行) your basic responsibilities(责任) as a student. Here are some of those responsibilities： Attend class ready to learn. Be prepared for class with the right stationery，books，and completed assignments(作业)． Listen when your teacher is talking. Do your best，whether it’s a classroom assignment，homework，or a test. 语篇解读　这是一篇议论文。文章论述了良好的师生关系的作用，良好的师生关系能使你在学校过得很愉快，能使你的学习更容易。 1．According to the passage，what will happen to you when getting along well with your teachers? A．We will have no problems with study. B．We will get a better seat in the classroom. C．We will get the best scores in the exams. D．We will have more pleasant time in the classroom. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段内容可知，当你和你的老师相处得很好的时候，你在教室里会度过更愉快的时光。故选D。 2．What does the underlined word “that” refer to in the fourth paragraph? A．The happy time you have in the classroom. B．Getting along very well with classmates. C．A better relationship between you and your teacher. D．The disappearance of personality differences. 答案　C 解析　代词指代题。根据第四段中“If you show your teacher that you want to make the situation better，he or she will probably do everything possible to make that happen.”可知，如果你向老师表明你想让你们之间的状况更好，她或他就会尽全力让这件事发生。故可推测that指代的是“to make the situation better”，即想要你们之间的状况更好。故选C。 3．As a student，what will you do if you don’t like a certain teacher? A．You fulfill your basic responsibilities as a student. B．You are thought of as a good student. C．You know some basic social skills. D．You are easy-going and helpful. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。根据第五段内容以及后面所列举的学生应该履行的一些基本职责可知，如果你履行了这些基本职责的话，即使你不喜欢那个老师，你也可以和他/她成功相处。故选A。 4．What does the passage mainly talk about? A．The importance of friendship in schools. B．The importance of a good relationship with your teachers. C．Studying skills for students. D．Useful skills to get along well with your teachers. 答案　B 解析　主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段“Sure，it’s good to get along well with your teacher because it makes the time you spend in the classroom more pleasant.”可知，本文主要讲述了和谐师生关系的重要性。文章前三段讨论了其重要性，只是在文章最后提及了学生如果能履行一些基本职责的话，也可能和老师建立良好的关系。由此可知，这篇文章主要讲了与老师保持良好关系的重要性。故选B。 Ⅴ.完形填空 My friend Jenny was angry with her husband.She said，“When we go out，it’s always me that plans it.Can’t you make a special 1 for me，even if it is just for my birthday？” We’ve all experienced times when someone does something 2 us，and we’re not sure if we should say something or bite our tongue.Keeping 3 may make issues or problems get worse. An unsatisfied desire is hidden beneath a(n) 4 .For example，when I say，“You never put things away！” my implication(含义) is to have a 5 space.Nobody likes hearing that.Instead，try to see what you actually desire and then say it in a 6 manner by using some “I would love...” statements.This opens the door to 7 .Going back to Jenny，it isn’t just that she wants her husband to plan the date.She wants to feel special and be 8 . Sometimes， 9 our underlying(潜在的) desire doesn’t 10 mean that we will get what we want.We have to stay open to how that desire will get 11 .So，in Jenny’s case，first，she should 12 that her underlying desire is to feel loved and tell it to her husband.She then can see how her husband makes a(n) 13 ，like when he offers to 14 the kids just so that she could get some personal time.Jenny is able to improve her relationship with her husband by taking those steps. It’s a(n) 15 way to recognize your underlying desire and express that with an inspiring “I would love...” statement.Try it and find out how your desire could be fulfilled. 语篇解读　本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了在人与人沟通时，当你心里的愿望得不到满足，或别人做的事情令你不满意的时候，用一种积极的方式直接表达你的想法，会带来更好的沟通效果，人们的关系也会更加融洽。 1．A.decision B．meeting C．arrangement D．effort 答案　C 解析　decision决定；meeting会议；arrangement安排；effort努力。上句“When we go out，it’s always me that plans it.”提到Jenny说，他们出去约会时，都是她做计划，所以这里指“你难道不能为我特意安排一次吗？”。故选C。 2．A.inspiring B．exciting C．satisfying D．upsetting 答案　D 解析　upset使心烦意乱。此处呼应上文“My friend Jenny was angry with her husband.”指别人做了让我们心烦生气的事情。故选D。 3．A.quiet B．fit C．polite D．busy 答案　A 解析　根据上文“we should say something or bite our tongue”以及下文提到要说出自己的想法可知，这里指保持沉默可能会使问题变得更糟。故选A。 4．A.joy B．complaint C．energy D．announcement 答案　B 解析　根据第一段中Jenny的话“即使只是我的生日，你就不能为我特别安排一次吗？”可知，这是在抱怨，所以有“抱怨”是因为自己的意愿没有得到满足。故选B。 5．A.familiar B．original C．tidy D．personal 答案　C 解析　familiar熟悉的；original起初的；tidy整洁的；personal个人的。根据上文“You never put things away！”可推知，此处指想要有一个整洁的空间。故选C。 6．A.negative B．reasonable C．traditional D．positive 答案　D 解析　negative消极的；reasonable合理的；traditional传统的；positive积极的。根据后文“‘I would love...’ statements”可知，作者建议用一种积极的方式说出来，比如“我想要……”去直接表达你的想法和意愿。故选D。 7．A.reality B．possibilities C．freedom D．secrets 答案　B 解析　reality现实；possibility可能性；freedom自由；secret秘密。结合上文可知，用一种积极的方式去直接表达你的想法和意愿，这为各种可能性打开了大门。故选B。 8．A.valued B．overcome C．tricked D．abandoned 答案　A 解析　value重视；overcome克服；trick欺骗；abandon抛弃。结合Jenny的案例，她其实不只是想让丈夫给她安排一个惊喜活动，她想感受到自己在丈夫心里具有特殊的地位，并且想要丈夫“重视”她。故选A。 9．A.covering B．changing C．forgetting D．expressing 答案　D 解析　cover覆盖；change改变；forget忘记；express表达。根据后文“our underlying(潜在的) desire”可知，此处指表达我们潜在的欲望。故选D。 10．A.barely B．deeply C．necessarily D．increasingly 答案　C 解析　barely仅仅；deeply非常；necessarily必要地；increasingly不断增加地。根据后文“mean that we will get what we want”可知，有时候，我们说出心里潜在的想法和意愿，并不“一定”就意味着我们就能获得我们想要的东西。故选C。 11．A.praised B．met C．formed D．lost 答案　B 解析　praise赞美；meet满足；form形成；lose丢失。根据上文“that desire will get”可知，此处指满足愿望，应用动词meet。故选B。 12．A.enrich B．ignore C．struggle D．identify 答案　D 解析　enrich丰富；ignore忽视；struggle挣扎；identify确认。根据后文“that her underlying desire is to feel loved and tell it to her husband”可知，在Jenny的案例中，她首先应该“确认”她的愿望是要感受到被爱。故选D。 13．A.change B．wish C．error D．comment 答案　A 解析　change改变；wish希望；error错误；comment评论。根据后文“he offers to the kids just so that she could get some personal time”可知，丈夫主动提出照顾孩子，这样她就可以有一些私人时间，这是丈夫做出的改变。故选A。 14．A.look up to B．take care of C．put up with D．get rid of 答案　B 解析　look up to尊敬；take care of照顾；put up with忍受；get rid of摆脱。句意见上题解析。故选B。 15．A.complex B．formal C．powerful D．advanced 答案　C 解析　complex复杂的；formal正式的；powerful有力的；advanced先进的。这种沟通方式是一种“有效的，有力量的”沟通方式，也就是，直接说出你希望对方做什么。请尝试一下用这样的沟通方式，看看是否能实现你的意愿。故选C。 Ⅵ.语法填空 For some time，I had been thinking that I wanted to do something to make strangers smile.I decided that I 1. (leave) small notes around shops and other public places with positive sayings or kind words for strangers 2. (find)． A friend of Facebook posted that she had received a lot of beautiful paper 3. an artist friend and was wondering what to do with it.I told her about my idea，and she 4. (immediate) said that this must be what her paper was meant for. So two friends on opposite sides of the world started leaving these random notes of 5. (kind)．I leave my notes without 6. (expect) any particular results.It doesn’t matter whether they are read 7. thrown away.The main thing is that I did this act. I now carry around a notebook where I write down lovely and 8. (inspire) phrases that I find.And I buy packs of post-its(便利贴) to write notes on whenever I see 9. opportunity to make a stranger smile.I only leave the notes when I am in a happy mood，as I don’t want pass any negative energy onto someone else. I sign them all saying that this note is left for you by a stranger to make 10. smile.Then，I add a heart. 1．答案　 would leave 解析　考查动词的时态。根据句中“decided”可知，句子描述过去的事情，且结合语意，作者留下小纸条这一动作发生在将来，所以宾语从句应用过去将来时。故填would leave。 2．答案　 to find 解析　考查非谓语动词。由句子结构可知，此处用不定式的复合结构作宾语。故填to find。 3．答案　 from 解析　考查介词。receive sth from sb表示“从某人那里收到某物”。故填from。 4．答案　 immediately 解析　考查副词。空处修饰动词said，应用副词形式作状语。故填immediately。 5．答案　 kindness 解析　考查名词。空处作介词of的宾语，应用名词kindness，表示“友善”。故填kindness。 6．答案　 expecting 解析　考查非谓语动词。空前出现介词without，所以空处应用动名词作介词without的宾语。故填expecting。 7．答案　 or 解析　考查连词。句意：它们是被阅读还是被扔掉都无关紧要。结合语意，此处为固定搭配whether...or...“无论……还是……”。故填or。 8．答案　 inspiring 解析　考查形容词。空处修饰名词phrases，应用形容词形式作定语，inspiring是形容词，表示“鼓舞人心的”。故填inspiring。 9．答案　 an 解析　考查冠词。此处表示泛指一个让陌生人微笑的机会，空处应用不定冠词，opportunity是发音以元音音素开头的单词，应用an。故填an。 10．答案　 you 解析　考查代词。根据句意可知，空处应用代词的宾格形式you作动词make的宾语。故填you。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$