Unit 1 Period 4 Discovering Useful Structures-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（人教版2019）

Period 4　Discovering Useful Structures—The -ing form as the attribute and the predicative 阅读以下短文，感知加黑部分，并完成下面的练习 La Tomatina is a festival that takes place in the Spanish town Buñol every August.I think many food festivals are boring because people are just eating.However，this festival is interesting because people don’t actually eat the tomatoes.Instead，they throw them at each other！The number of people taking part in this tomato fight can reach up to 20,000，and it is a very exciting fight that lasts for a whole hour.The amazing thing is how clean Buñol is after the tomatoes are washed away after the fight.This is because the juice from tomatoes is really good for making surfaces clean! [自主发现]　 1．加黑部分boring，interesting在句中作表语。 2．加黑部分 taking part in this tomato fight，exciting，amazing在句中作定语，分别修饰名词people，fight和thing。 一、动词-ing形式作定语 1．单个现在分词作定语与分词短语作定语 示例：Do you know the swimming boy in the swimming pool? 你认识那个正在游泳池里游泳的男孩吗？ He brought us surprising news. 他给我们带来了惊人的消息。 The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. ＝The students who/that are running along the street are from No.3 Middle School. 正沿街跑步的学生们来自第三中学。 The woman holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. ＝The woman who/that is holding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor. 怀抱婴儿的那位妇女正在等着看医生。 总结： 2．动词-ing形式、过去分词和不定式作定语的区别 示例：The boy playing football on the playground is my younger brother.(表示动作正在进行) 在操场上踢足球的那个男孩是我的弟弟。 The problem discussed at the meeting is very important.(表示动作已经完成) 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 His dream to become an astronaut will come true after he graduates from university.(表示动作将要发生) 大学毕业后，他成为宇航员的梦想就要实现了。 总结：动词-ing形式作定语表示动作正在进行或习惯性的动作；过去分词作定语表示被动或完成；不定式作定语表示动作尚未发生。 疑难点津　动词-ing形式作定语和被修饰词之间是逻辑上的主动关系，但动词-ing形式作定语也有被动形式即being done。 The man talking to Tim is his uncle. 和蒂姆说话的那个人是他的叔叔。 The topic being discussed at the moment is about music. ＝The topic which/that is being discussed at the moment is about music. 现在正在被讨论的话题是关于音乐的。 二、动词-ing形式作表语 1．动名词作表语 示例：What worries me most is her staying up too late every night. (＝Her staying up too late every night is what worries me most.) 最使我担心的是她每天熬夜到很晚。 总结：表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 2．现在分词作表语 示例：Your speech is very interesting and encouraging. 你的演讲非常有趣且鼓舞人心。 The news is exciting. 这则消息令人兴奋。 总结：表明主语的性质和特征，有些作表语的-ing形式由表示人们某种感情或情绪的动词转化而来，如moving，interesting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing等。 3．不定式和动词-ed形式也可作表语 示例：My wish is to find a part-time job this summer. 我的愿望就是今年夏天能找到一份兼职工作。 I was disappointed at this decision. 我对这个决定感到失望。 总结：不定式作表语通常强调一次性的、具体的、将要发生的动作；动词-ed形式作表语表示由外因而使之具备的性质和特征，意为“感到……的”。 完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用本单元的语法 给予还是保留？我与自己作斗争。把它送出去？我几乎不能忍受心碎的时刻。它对我来说是最珍贵的财富，所以把它赠送给别人是令人沮丧的。我瞥了我妈妈一眼，她希望我把它送给我的表弟，我忍不住抽泣起来。保留它？这会让亚历克斯心烦。最后，我决定做正确的事。在离别的那一刻，我的模型车和亚历克斯一起走了。虽然看到它离去令人很失望，但当我看到他那喜气洋洋的脸时，我的心在歌唱。 Giving or keeping? I struggled with myself.Giving it? I could hardly tolerate the heartbreaking moment.It was the most precious treasure for me，so giving it away was frustrating.I glanced at my mother expecting me to give it to my cousin and I couldn’t help sobbing.Keeping it? It would upset Alex.Finally，I determined to do the right thing.In the moment of parting，my model car went with Alex.Although it was disappointing to see it go，my heart sang when I saw his beaming face. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．When we got a call saying(say) she was short-listed，we thought it was a joke. 2．I can’t go with you，for I have a lot of work to do(do)． 3．The woman looking(look) at her map is a relative of my mother’s. 4．At present，there are many problems remaining(remain) to be solved. 5．Give me the blue raincoat，please，the one hanging(hang) behind the door. 6．There’s a note pinned to the door saying(say) when the shop will open again. 7．Listen！The song being sung(sing) is very popular with students! 8．Prices of daily goods bought(buy) through a computer can be lower than those in a physical store. Ⅱ.用动词-ing形式补全句子 1．You should adapt to the rapidly changing situation. 你应该适应这种快速变化的局势。 2．Her mother’s life story she told us last Sunday sounds moving. 上周天她给我们讲述的她妈妈的人生故事听起来很感人。 3．No one is allowed to speak loudly in the reading room. 在阅览室不允许大声喧哗。 4．The stadium being designed now will be the biggest one in our city. 现在正在被设计的体育馆将是我们城市最大的一个。 5．It was astonishing to everyone that the court had made such a decision. 法院做出这样的决定使每个人都感到震惊。 Ⅲ.阅读理解 The last Wednesday in August marks Spain’s messiest festival.Held in Buñol,40km west of Valencia，La Tomatina is a tomato-throwing spectacle that draws more than 20,000 tourists each year. There are a number of stories related to its beginning of this festival but no one knows for sure the exact origin.One story states a fight between the locals and the city councilmen over an issue，which forced the locals to throw tomatoes at the councilmen.The event somehow changed from a method to show anger to one of fun and entertainment and year after year，the “tomato fight” began to attract the public of Buñol. On the day of the festival，trucks arrive at the center of town，carrying truckloads of tomatoes belonging to the relatively cheaper kind.The trucks then empty the tomatoes on the streets to be picked up by the participants.The tomato-throwing often starts at about 11 a．m.People pick up the tomatoes on the streets，throwing tomatoes at each other.Certain rules apply during this period.People are expected to squash(压扁) the tomatoes before throwing to minimize the chances of injury and no other objects except for tomatoes can be used in the play.After the tomato-throwing ends，cleaning operations begin.The town authorities get busy cleaning the streets while local residents often help the tourists clean themselves with water from pipes.Many take dips in locals’ pools and rivers to clean themselves. Over the past years，tourists in Buñol have heavily increased due to the increasing popularity of La Tomatina.However，such a huge gathering in a small town center is believed to be a risk to people.This has forced the government to regulate the number of participants at the festival to 20,000.An entry fee has also been charged while free passes are kept for the locals.Safety officials，police forces and ambulance services are also kept ready to meet any emergency needs during the festival. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍西班牙一年一度的番茄大战的相关情况。 1．What can we know about La Tomatina? A．It is an international event celebrated each year. B．It originates from a fight among the councilmen. C．There are various ways to celebrate it nowadays. D．No one knows when and why it was celebrated first. 答案　D 解析　细节理解题。由第二段首句可知，关于番茄大战，没有人知道最初它是何时以及为什么被庆祝的。故选D。 2．What rule are the participants supposed to follow? A．Using other objects besides tomatoes. B．Emptying the tomatoes from the trucks. C．Pressing the tomatoes flat before using. D．Cleaning the streets after the tomato fight. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第三段中的“People are expected to squash(压扁) the tomatoes before throwing to minimize the chances of injury and no other objects except for tomatoes can be used in the play.”可知，参与者应该遵守“扔西红柿之前先把西红柿压扁”的规则。故选C。 3．Why did the government control the number of the participants? A．To reduce the waste of fresh tomatoes. B．To ensure the safety of people present. C．To meet increasing emergency needs. D．To respond to the request from local residents. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由最后一段中的“However，such a huge gathering in a small town center is believed to be a risk to people.This has forced the government to regulate the number of participants at the festival to 20,000.”可知，政府控制参与者的数量是为了确保在场人员的安全。故选B。 4．What is the best title for the text? A．La Tomatina—A Unique Annual Festival B．Buñol，Spain—An Appealing Travel Destination C．Tomato Fight—A special Cultural Phenomenon D．Tomato-throwing—A Way of Displaying Anger 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。由第一段第二句和下文关于番茄大战的活动内容可知，文章主要介绍西班牙一年一度的番茄大战的相关情况。由此可知，A项“番茄大战——一个独特的年度节日”适合作本文最佳标题。故选A。 Ⅳ.完形填空 One Thanksgiving Day，my best friend，Jane，and I found out our teacher Edward was having some financial(经济的) difficulties，so we decided to help. When Jane told her family about our plan，her mother was 1 .Together they searched their house for things they could 2 .Her mother pulled out a big turkey and said，“Thanksgiving Day won’t be 3 without a turkey dinner.” Before 4 gifts，we said some words of appreciation for the wonderful chance to 5 others.I will never forget the 6 look of our teacher and his wife when they 7 the door; their four children stood around them as we handed out the gifts.It was a cold night. 8 ，we all felt warm inside. Last month 9 I was in a meeting，my secretary informed me，“Your high school teacher Mr Edward is wondering if you could 10 him a few minutes.” I left my meeting and went to my office 11 .My teacher and I hugged and began to speak of the last 42 years.He told me he 12 remembered that cold winter night when we brought the 13 of Thanksgiving Day to his family.The food and gifts were certainly 14 ，but what warmed his heart that night was to see a group of teenagers who understood the 15 of Thanksgiving Day. 语篇解读　本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和朋友在感恩节给老师送去食物和礼物，帮助老师渡过经济困难时期，感恩精神温暖了彼此内心的故事。 1．A.embarrassed B．disappointed C．moved D．calm 答案　C 解析　此处指简把“我们”的计划告诉了家人，她的母亲很感动。下文母亲拿出火鸡准备送给老师是她被感动的具体表现，故选C项。 2．A.sell out B．use up C．throw away D．give away 答案　D 解析　根据下文母亲拿出火鸡准备送给老师可知，此处表示“寻找可以送给别人的东西”。give away赠送。故选D项。 3．A.ordinary B．complete C．usual D．important 答案　B 解析　此处指没有火鸡的感恩节是不完整的，故选B项。 4．A.sending B．receiving C．opening D．posting 答案　A 解析　根据下文“we handed out the gifts”可知这里指在送礼物之前，故选A项。 5．A.challenge B．impress C．fool D．help 答案　D 解析　根据上文“we decided to help”可知，这里指“我们”有机会帮助别人。故选D项。 6．A.anxious B．surprised C．charming D．terrified 答案　B 解析　此处指“我”永远忘不了老师和他妻子当时脸上吃惊的表情，故选B项。 7．A.pushed B．knocked C．answered D．closed 答案　C 解析　此处指老师应声开门，answer the door应门，去开门，故选C项。 8．A.Besides B．Therefore C．Otherwise D．However 答案　D 解析　此处指虽然是一个寒冷的夜晚，但“我们”都感到内心温暖，故选D项。 9．A.while B．after C．before D．since 答案　A 解析　句意：上个月，当我在开会时，我的秘书告诉我：“你的高中老师爱德华先生想知道你是否能抽出几分钟时间给他。” 文中表示“当……时”，故选A项。 10．A.spare B．bring C．save D．award 答案　A 解析　此处指给老师抽出几分钟时间，spare抽出，匀出，故选A项。 11．A.nervously B．hurriedly C．proudly D．worriedly 答案　B 解析　“我”听说老师在等“我”，所以匆忙去办公室见老师，故选B项。 12．A.just B．already C．even D．still 答案　D 解析　老师说他仍然记得“我们”在感恩节去他家的那个夜晚，still表示“仍然”，故选D项。 13．A.warmth B．excitement C．pleasure D．experience 答案　A 解析　与上文“It was a cold night. ，we all felt warm inside.”呼应，指“我们”给他家带来了温暖，故选A项。 14．A.accepted B．offered C．appreciated D．admitted 答案　C 解析　老师感激“我们”送去的食物和礼物，但那天晚上让他感到温暖的是看到了一组懂得感恩节的精神的青少年。故选C项。 15．A.gifts B．history C．activities D．spirit 答案　D 解析　参考上题解析，此处指感恩节的精神，故选D项。 Ⅴ.语法填空 Grand parades，feathered dancers,1. (excite) live music and the aroma(香味) of Afro-Caribbean food—these are the things many people look forward to 2. (eager) when they attend the Notting Hill Carnival(诺丁山狂欢节) in London，3. is from August 29 to 31. The carnival 4. (hold) online last year for the first time in 5. (it) 54-year history.According to CNN，the virtual event was founded to bring people together. “We provide the entertainment and people can get in the carnival spirit from 6.______________(enjoy) the comfort of their own homes，” Notting Hill Carnival executive director Matthew Philip told CNN. People could register at letgodo.com.They could then see many 7. (perform) from musicians and participate 8. the virtual carnival from their own homes. “The Caribbean culture has influenced food and the music scene so much in the UK that it must be celebrated somehow.Going virtual gives us the chance 9. (honor) an annual tradition that has changed the UK in so many great ways and give those who work behind 10.____________ scenes the opportunity to share some of the magic，” Bace，who has been attending the Notting Hill Carnival since he was a teenager，told CNN. 1．答案　exciting 解析　考查现在分词作定语。根据句子结构可知，此处作定语修饰后面的名词live music，指物，故用exciting。 2．答案　eagerly 解析　考查副词。根据句子结构可知，此处应填副词eagerly，作状语修饰look forward to，表示“热切地”。故填eagerly。 3．答案　which 解析　考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词the Notting Hill Carnival(诺丁山狂欢节) in London，指物，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。 4．答案　was held 解析　考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。根据“last year”可知，时态用一般过去时；主语The carnival与hold是动宾关系，故用被动语态；主语The carnival是单数，谓语动词使用单数形式。故填was held。 5．答案　its 解析　考查代词。根据句子结构可知，此处表示在“狂欢节的54年历史中”，故用形容词性物主代词its，代替The carnival’s，作定语，修饰history。故填its。 6．答案　enjoying 解析　考查动名词。from是介词，故设空处应填动名词enjoying，作宾语，故填enjoying。 7．答案　performances 解析　考查名词复数。根据“many”可知，此处应填可数名词复数形式performances，表示“表演”，故填performances。 8．答案　in 解析　考查介词。此处考查短语participate in，表示“参加”，故填in。 9．答案　to honor 解析　考查不定式。根据句子结构可知，空处作定语修饰名词chance，chance后跟不定式作定语，故填to honor。 10．答案　the 解析　考查冠词。根据空前的介词behind可知，此处特指“幕后的工作人员”。behind the scenes“在幕后”。故填the。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$