Unit 8 Period 7 Focus on Language—Verb -ing and -ed Forms （课件）-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（北师大版2019）

Period 7 Focus on Language—Verb -ing and -ed Forms UNIT 8 GREEN LIVING 语法感悟 语法精讲 达标检测 语法 感悟 3 感知以下句子，体会加颜色部分在句子中作什么成分。 1.Well，say you leave the tap running... 2.One cheered-up person，one happy dog，one flowering plant，and you. 3.Do you want to make Roots & Shoots rooted in everyone’s heart? 4.Do you want to be a part of a community for a shared future? 1.句1： ； 2.句2： ； 3.句3： ； 4.句4： 。 作宾补 作定语 作宾补 作定语 返 回 语法 精讲 5 动词的-ing形式和-ed形式是非谓语动词的两种非常重要的形式，在句子中可以作状语、定语和宾语补足语等。 一、动词的-ing形式和-ed形式作状语 1.动词的-ing形式和-ed形式作状语与句子主语的关系 动词的-ing形式作状语时表示的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。 动词的-ed形式作状语时表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。 Not knowing what to do，he went to the organiser for help.(he和know之间是主动关系) 由于不知道做什么，他去找组织者帮忙。 Given more attention，the founders could have done better.(the founders和give之间是被动关系) 如果对这些创始人多关注一些，他们本可以做得更好。 2.动词的-ing形式和-ed形式作状语的种类 这两种非谓语动词形式在句子中都可以作状语，表示原因、时间、方式、伴随、条件等。 (1)作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句，有时在前面可以加一个表时间的连词，如when，while等。 Hearing the news，they immediately took action to stop the study. ＝When they heard the news，they immediately took action to stop the study. 听到这个消息后，他们立即采取行动阻止了这项研究。 Asked (＝When he was asked) why he looked so bothered，he lowered his head. 当他被问到为什么看上去如此担心时，他低下了头。 (2)作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。 Being poor，he couldn’t afford a big house in that region. ＝As he was poor，he couldn’t afford a big house in that region. 因为穷，他在那个地区买不起一所大房子。 Blamed (＝Because he was blamed) by his boss，he decided to change his job. 因为被老板责备了，他决定换工作。 (3)作条件状语，相当于条件状语从句。 Using your head，you are likely to find a nice way to overcome the difficulty. ＝If you use your head，you are likely to find a nice way to overcome the difficulty. 动动脑筋，你很可能找到一个好的方法来克服困难。 Grown (＝If these seeds are grown) in rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 (4)作伴随状语，相当于and连接的并列句。 He walked down the river，thinking about the current problems. ＝He walked down the river and thought about the current problems. 他沿着河流一边走，一边考虑着当前的问题。 The organiser entered the hall，(and he was) followed by a group of volunteers. 组织者进入了大厅，后面跟着一群志愿者。 (5)作让步状语，相当于让步状语从句。 Liking the car too much，I have no enough money to buy it. ＝Although/Though/While I like the car too much，I have no enough money to buy it. 虽然我非常喜欢这辆车，但是我没有足够的钱买它。 Offered (＝Although/Though/While he was offered) such a nice job，Tom didn’t feel contented at all. 虽然被提供那么好的工作，汤姆感到一点儿也不满意。 语法拓展： 1.动词-ing形式作结果状语，是随着谓语动词的发生而产生的自然结果，其逻辑主语往往是前面整个句子所描述的情况，前面有时候可以加thus。不定式作结果状语时常表示出乎意料的结果，前面常加only。试比较： The glass fell off the table，breaking into pieces. 杯子从桌子上掉下来，摔成了碎片。 I hurried to the playground，only to find that the bricks had been removed. 我匆忙赶到操场，却发现那些砖被搬走了。 2.having done作状语，强调动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 Having lived in Beijing for many years，he knows the city well. 因为在北京住了很多年，他对这个城市很熟悉。 注意：动词-ing形式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。 背着一个重重的大箱子，她被台阶绊倒，摔倒了。 Carrying a large and heavy box，she tripped on a step and fell.(　√　) Carrying a large and heavy box，her foot tripped on a step and fell.(　×　) 二、动词的-ing形式和-ed形式作定语 动词-ing形式作定语多表示动作的进行或主动，也可指事物的用途，与它所修饰的词往往构成逻辑上的主动关系；动词-ed形式作定语多表示被动或完成，与它所修饰的词构成逻辑上的被动关系。单个的动词-ing形式或-ed形式作定语往往前置，动词-ing或-ed短语往往后置。 The young man working in that institute is my brother.(主动) 那个在研究院工作的年轻人是我的哥哥。 No one is allowed to speak aloud in the reading room.(用途) 阅览室里不准大声说话。 China is a developing country，where most people are leading a contented life.(进行) 中国是一个发展中国家，这里的大部分人都过着满意的生活。 The retired man is very interested in recycling these materials.(完成) 那个退休的人对回收利用这些材料非常感兴趣。 The old man is sweeping the fallen leaves on the path at the moment. (完成) 老人此刻正在清扫这条小路上的落叶。 Who were the so-called guests invited to your flat last night？(被动) 昨晚被邀请到你公寓的那些所谓的客人是谁呀？ The injured were not bothered to walk in the yard；they preferred to lie in bed.(被动) 这些伤者懒得在院子里散步，他们更愿意躺在床上。 语法拓展： 1.不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，而表示完成，如： a retired worker＝a worker that has retired一名退休工人 the fallen leaves＝the leaves that have fallen落叶 a developed country＝a country which has developed一个发达国家 2.过去分词(done)、现在分词的被动语态(being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(to be done)作定语的区别 意义 形式 语态 时态 done 被动 完成 being done 被动 进行 to be done 被动 尚未发生 The building built last year is a new institute for that university. 去年建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。 The building being built now is a new institute for that university. 现在正在建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。 The building to be built next month is a new institute for that university. 下个月将要建造的大楼是那所大学的一个新研究院。 三、动词的-ing形式和-ed形式作宾语补足语 分词作宾语补足语时，现在分词表示正在进行的主动意义，过去分词则表示已经完成的被动意义。 -ing形式 表示主动，动作正在进行，宾语是现在分词所表示动作的执行者。 I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday. 昨天我经过她的房间时，听到她正在唱一首英文歌曲。 -ed形式 表示被动，动作已完成，宾语是过去分词所表示动作的承受者。 I heard the English song sung many times. 我多次听到有人唱这首英文歌。 分词作宾语补足语时常用于以下几种情况： 1.位于感官动词后，如see，hear，feel，watch，find，notice等。 We saw the smog filling the whole city in that winter. 那个冬天，我们看到整个城市都被雾霾笼罩着。 When I found him struggling for a chance to go abroad，I felt a little surprised. 我发现他为了一个出国机会在奋斗时，我有点惊讶。 I opened the magazine，only to find the advertisement cut out. 我打开杂志，却发现那个广告被剪掉了。 When she heard her husband affected by a deadly disease，she was worried about him. 当她听说丈夫感染了致命疾病时，她非常担心他。 2.位于使役动词后，如make，have，get，keep，leave等。 The young conductor was a little shy，so it was hard to get him talking. 这位年轻的指挥有些害羞，让他开口讲话是很难的。 His former wife rushed out of the house，leaving his little son crying. 他的前妻冲出了房子，留下他的小儿子在那里哭泣。 The clock doesn’t work，so you’d better have the battery changed. 那座钟停摆了，你最好把电池换一下。 She still couldn’t make herself understood in English. 她仍然不能用英语表达自己的意思。 3.用于with复合结构中。 With so many people looking at her，the young performer felt nervous. 这么多人看着她，这位年轻的表演者感到很紧张。 With all the problems settled，he felt relieved. 所有问题都解决了，他感到如释重负。 注意：make后的宾语补足语一般不用现在分词表主动，而只用过去分词表被动。 He raised his voice to make himself heard. 他提高了嗓门，以便让别人听到他的声音。 四、动词的-ing形式和-ed形式作表语 1.作表语的动词-ing形式包括现在分词和动名词。现在分词作表语，往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的性质、特征等；动名词作表语多表示抽象或习惯性的动作，一般说明主语的内容。 The news was worrying that so many accidents occurred last week. 上周发生了那么多事故，这消息令人担忧。 My hobby is collecting all kinds of posters on the wall. 我的爱好是收集墙上的各种海报。 2.动词-ed形式作表语，主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态，含有被动的意义。 ①过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态或所具备的特征，多位于系动词之后，这些系动词有be，remain，feel，seem，look，become等。 When the organiser left the meeting room，some members remained seated there. 当组织者离开会议室时，一些成员还坐在那里。 When they arrived in that region，they found that they were lost. 他们到达那个地区时，发现自己迷路了。 ②有些过去分词作表语时，往往已经具备了形容词的性质。 We were amazed at the story of that man with strong determination. 我们听到那位具有强大毅力的人的故事时，感到大为惊奇。 返 回 达标检测 完成下面语段，尽可能多使用现在分词和过去分词。 以中国传统文化为主题的英语演讲比赛定于下周在我校举行。比赛令人兴奋，所以我已经报名并且完成了以中国茶为中心的演讲草稿。然而，我有点担心，因为我不是很确定我能否让别人理解我的意思。您能抽些时间把我的草稿看一看并纠正、润色一下吗？细节在附件中。 An English speech contest 1. is scheduled for next week in our school.It is 2. I have signed up and finished a speech draft 3. .However，I am 4. ，for I am not quite sure whether I have 5.____________ ___________.Would you be kind enough to spare some time to go through my draft and 6. ? The details are in the attachment. 返 回 themed on traditional Chinese culture so exciting that centered on Chinese tea a little worried made myself understood have it corrected and polished $$