Unit 9 Period 5 Lesson 3 The Secrets of YourMemory—Reading Comprehension-【步步高】2023-2024学年高一英语必修第三册（北师大版2019）

Period 5　Lesson 3 The Secrets of Your Memory—Reading Comprehension Ⅰ.匹配单词 1．memorise　　 A．to gain sth by your own efforts，ability or behavior 2．recommend B．to learn sth carefully so that you can remember it exactly 3．sufficient C．to produce a book，magazine，etc.and sell it to the public 4．acquire D．to tell sb that something is good or useful，or that sb would be suitable for a particular job 5．publish E．a particular way of doing sth，especially one in which you have to learn special skills 6．technique F．enough for a particular purpose; as much as you need 答案　1.B　2.D　3.F　4.A　5.C　6.E Ⅱ.选词填空 1．My mother advised me to take it easy before I entered the classroom to have a test. 2．Apart from the famous painting，there are some interesting old diagrams on the wall. 3．She was so absorbed in her novel that she didn’t look up when her teacher entered. 4．When reading articles related to science，we often come across some unfamiliar words. 5．The organiser repeated his questions several times but I still couldn’t catch on. Step 1　速读——整体理解文意 Ⅰ.明文章大意 What does the text mainly talk about? A．Different kinds of memory. B．The secrets of memory. C．Some questions about memory. D．The ways to improve memory. 答案　B Ⅱ.悉层次结构 Match each paragraph with its main idea. (1)Para.1　A．The sharpest loss of memory occurs during the very early period after learning. (2)Para.2 B．Our memory reaches its full power at the age of 25. (3)Para.3 C．Nobody has proved to have a photographic memory. (4)Para.4 D．We remember things that have strong connections in our mind，especially emotional connections. 答案　(1)D　(2)C　(3)A　(4) B Step 2　细读——逐段获取细节 Ⅰ.Read para.1 and do the following exercises. 1．When we remember something new，try to connect it to . A．our hobbies B．our training C．our emotions D．our thoughts 答案　C 2．Decide whether the following statements are T(true) or F(false) and correct the false information. (1)We remember certain events in our childhood，because we experienced many of them for the first time，and we felt strongly about them at the time.( 　　) (2)When we tell a story many times，we forget important details.(　　) 答案　(1) T　(2)F；When we tell a story many times，we can remember it clearly. 3．What advice does Jemima Gryaznov provide for question 1? 答案　We need to make strong connections with things we want to remember in our mind，especially emotional connections. Ⅱ.Read para.2 and do the following exercises. 1．Who can remember the first 22,514 digits of pi (π)? A．Stephen Wiltshire. B．Daniel Tammet. C．Jemima Gryaznov. D．Hermann Ebbinghaus. 答案　B 2．Why does the writer give the examples of Daniel Tammet and Stephen Wiltshire? A．To prove some people have photographic memories. B．To show us they are both good at memorising figures. C．To show they are both good at remembering particular things for a limitless time. D．To prove that some people have amazing memories. 答案　D Ⅲ.Read para.3 and do the following exercises. 1．If Tony has learnt a passage，during which time should he review it to get efficient memory? A．The first day. B．Five days later. C．One week later. D．Immediately. 答案　A 2．What should we do to remember the information we have learnt? 答案　We need to review the information at regular intervals，especially in the first day after learning it. Ⅳ.Read para.4 and do the following exercises. 1．Who has the best memory? A．George at the age of 16. B．Miss Young at the age of 27. C．Mr Yang at the age of 25. D．Dr.Li at the age of 40. 答案　C 2．How many brain cells do we lose by the age of 40? A．1,000. B．100,000. C．1000,000. D．10,000. 答案　D 3．How does the author develop this paragraph? A．By listing examples. B．By making comparisons. C．By listing numbers. D．By citing famous quotes. 答案　C Ⅴ.Read the whole passage again and do the following exercises. 1．What is the type of the passage? A．Narration(记叙文)． B．Argumentative essay(议论文)． C．Expository writing(说明文)． D．Practical writing(应用文)． 答案　C 2．Which section of a newspaper does the text probably come from? A．Entertainment. B．Biology. C．Health. D．Career. 答案　B 3．The expert has used some methods to make her statements convincing EXCEPT . A．examples B．quotes C．comparisons D．graphs 答案　C Step 3　读后——讨论深度理解 1．Why are childhood memories often very emotional? (Critical thinking) 2．Suppose one of your friends has some difficulties in memorising what he has learnt.Can you give him some tips for improving his memory？(Creative thinking) Step 4　总结——课文语法填空 We remember things that have strong connections in our mind，especially 1.emotional(emotion) connections.So it is important to connect something new with 2.what we already know.Also，we can try to retell what we have learnt to a few others. A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture，a book or an event many 3.years(year) later，but no one has proved that there are people 4.who/that really have photographic memories.So we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn when 5.memorising(memorise) detailed learning materials. According to Ebbinghaus，the sharpest 6.loss(lose) of memory occurs during the very early period after learning.Therefore，one of the golden rules to increase how much we remember 7.is(be) to review the material 8.periodically(periodical)，especially during the first day after learning. Our memory reaches its full power 9.at the age of 25.After this age，the brain starts to get smaller.By middle age，our memory is significantly 10.worse(bad) than when we were young. Step 5　解读——长句难句分析 1．This is because when we experience things for the first time，we often have strong feelings of fear or excitement. [句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。because引导的是表语从句，其中when引导时间状语从句。 [自主翻译]　这是因为我们第一次经历事物时，常常会产生强烈的恐惧感或者兴奋感。 2．A person with a photographic memory could remember every detail of a picture，a book or an event many years later，but no one has proved that there are people who really have photographic memories. [句式分析]　本句是并列主从复合句。but连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中with短语作后置定语，修饰a person；第二个分句中的that引导宾语从句；who引导定语从句，修饰people。 [自主翻译]　拥有照相记忆能力的人多年后仍旧可以记住某一张图片、某本书或者某一事件的每一个细节，但没有人能证明真有哪个人有照相记忆能力。 3．As most of us do not have amazing memories like them，when memorising detailed learning materials，we simply need to focus on the important ideas and be curious about what we learn. [句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。As引导原因状语从句；when memorising...是状语从句的省略；what 引导宾语从句。 [自主翻译]　大多数人并不具有他们那样惊人的记忆力，因此我们在尝试记学习内容的细节时，仅需把注意力放到概要方面，并对所学内容保持好奇。 4．Another effective technique to remember things is to group similar ideas or information together so that they can be easily connected to things that are already known. [句式分析]　本句是主从复合句。so that引导目的状语从句；主句中的不定式短语to remember things作后置定语，修饰technique，不定式短语to group...together作表语；that are already known是定语从句，修饰things。 [自主翻译]　另外一个有效的记忆方法是给相似的内容或信息分类，这样这些内容能更容易与已有知识建立联系。 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2023·江西南昌高一期末) I’ve never been someone who gets homesick，but the prospect(展望) of going home in a few days is one of the few things keeping me going.It has been a stressful term.I’m looking forward to seeing my family and friends.But despite my excitement，I’ve been having some Thanksgiving break-caused anxiety.I feel like I’m under a time crunch(困境) trying to fit so many things into just a few days.Will I have time to see all my friends，spend time with family，and get my work alone? I’m definitely still grateful that I am able to go home，but it’s strange because I’ve never connected Thanksgiving with being anxious before.Maybe I feel this way because it’s my first year.Breaks in college are different from high school.Teachers usually didn’t give work over break and I could relax the entire time in high school，but it doesn’t exactly work that way here. Everyone has been so busy this term，and it’s difficult to relax，knowing that we have assignments due as soon as class restarts.The fact that reading period starts only 10 days after break doesn’t help either.I don’t know if I’ll ever get used to how fast college moves.Final weeks and winter break are going to be here before we know it，and that is slightly terrifying. Even though I feel this mixture of excitement and anxiety，the break has helped me gain a better understanding about my first term of college.I’ve met so many new people and become part of clubs that I’m passionate about.The to-do list will still be there over break，but it’s nice to look back and see that I managed to get through most of the term pretty successfully.I’m still thankful for my family and friends as usual，but this year I’m especially thankful for myself. 1．How does the author feel about the coming Thanksgiving break? A．Eager but anxious. B．Relaxed but doubtful. C．Excited but frightened. D．Curious but stressed. 答案　A 解析　细节理解题。由第一段第三、四句可知，作者期待见到家人和朋友，但感恩节假期又导致作者焦虑。故选A。 2．What can we infer about breaks in college? A．They are free of homework. B．They are tasked with much work. C．They are full of relaxation. D．They are important for progress. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。由第二段第三、四句和第三段第一句可推知，在大学的假期里，学生的任务很繁重。故选B。 3．What makes the author a little terrified? A．The reading period. B．The coming exams. C．The fast pace of college life. D．The short period of winter break. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。由第三段中的“I don’t know if I’ll ever get used to...that is slightly terrifying.”可知，大学生活的快节奏让作者有点害怕。故选C。 4．What does the author realize when reflecting on the first term? A．The to-do list pushes him to learn. B．He has gained a lot from college life. C．Adapting to the new life requires family support. D．Self-independence is more important than others’ support. 答案　B 解析　细节理解题。由最后一段第二、三句可知，在反思第一个学期时，作者意识到了自己已经从大学生活中收获了很多。故选B。 B Alan Mathison Turing was born in England in 1912.Like many talents who go on to great things，Turing showed his incredible intelligence from a very young age.In fact，by the time he was halfway through primary school，Turing’s teachers had already realized he was a mathematical genius.He could do complex calculating in his head even though he had never been taught about it. Fortunately，Turing was the opposite of Hawking，and he absolutely loved school.Proof of this is the extreme lengths he would go just to get to class.For example，on one occasion when there was a train strike，Turing even cycled 60 miles to attend.Now that’s devotion! However，in spite of Turing’s scholarly attitude and his obvious genius，his teachers had their concerns about his future.This is because well-known schools in Britain like the ones Turing attended regarded the Classics，such as Latin and Greek as the most important，not subjects like maths and science.Turing’s proud teachers even wrote letters to his parents asking them to convince the young man to focus more on the Classics.Imagine how different the world might be if the young Turing had listened to his teachers！Thankfully，his love for all things scientific and mathematical meant there was no chance of that. After finishing secondary school，Turing completed a degree in mathematics at King’s College Cambridge，and then obtained his PhD from Princeton University in the USA.It was during these university years that he invented the Turing Machine，which is considered by many people to be the earliest version of a computer processing unit.It sounds unbelievable that anybody could have invented something which was similar to a computer in 1936.But that just shows how far ahead of his time Alan Turing was，even when he was still a young man. 语篇解读　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英国的艾伦·马西森·图灵的天赋、学术态度和成就。图灵的故事告诉我们：没有热情成就不了伟业。 5．What can be inferred about Turing according to paragraphs 1－2? A．He maintained interest in the Classics. B．He rejected attending famous schools. C．He showed a strong desire for schooling. D．He ignored parents’ advice on course selection. 答案　C 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段中“...and he absolutely loved school...on one occasion when there was a train strike，Turing even cycled 60 miles to attend.Now that’s devotion！”可推知，图灵表现出上学的强烈愿望。故选C。 6．What does the author think of the Turing Machine? A．He argues it’s still limited in many functions. B．He thinks it’s influential in computer history. C．He doubts if it is truly invented by a young man. D．He considers the construction of such machines impossible. 答案　B 解析　推理判断题。根据最后一段的最后两句可推知，作者认为图灵机在计算机历史上很有影响力。故选B。 7．What is the author’s main purpose in writing this passage? A．To indicate the link between genius and success. B．To illustrate the invention of the Turing Machine. C．To stress the impact of teachers’ guidance on Turing’s life. D．To introduce Turing’s genius，scholarly attitude and achievement. 答案　D 解析　写作意图题。根据文章的主要内容，第一段介绍了图灵在很小的时候就显示出了惊人的智慧，第三段谈到了图灵的学术态度和他明显的天赋，以及最后一段说到在大学期间，他发明了图灵机，这被许多人认为是计算机处理单元的最早版本可知，本文的写作目的是介绍图灵的天赋、学术态度和成就。故选D。 8．What does Turing’s story tell us? A．Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm. B．Ordinary people hope，while talented people create. C．Contented with little，yet wishing for more. D．Chances favor the minds that are prepared. 答案　A 解析　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句、第三段最后一句以及最后一段说到在1936年，居然有人能发明出类似于计算机的东西，这听起来令人难以置信，可推知，图灵的故事告诉我们：没有热情成就不了伟业。故选A。 C If you have spent any time reading blogs or papers on teaching strategies in the past few years，you have probably noticed a strong backlash against rote memory(机械记忆)，in favor of constructivist(建构主义)activities and “project-based learning”． The actual memorizing of facts，many agree，is an outdated educational practice，since anyone could search information on the Internet nowadays.They think that schools should focus constructivist activities on getting skills and knowledge. However，learning by rote memory is more important than you think.There are many cases in which having knowledge immediately at the tip of your tongue can have great social and professional value.For example，last night at a networking event，when I casually asked a Nigerian businessman how much of his business was conducted in English against in his native Yoruba，he immediately became more engaged in our conversation.It was a simple fact that speaking Yoruba in Nigeria seemed to increase my social trust，and therefore our relationship. The same goes for professional settings.If I am a medicine salesman talking to a doctor about a specific digestion drug，and he asks if it has any effect on the process of peristalsis(肠蠕动)，it will look quite unprofessional if I have to pull out my medical dictionary to look up the word.Those facts need to be remembered in my brain so I can access them immediately! Most situations need more personalized learning.Of course，most constructivist educators will argue that real-life simulations，on-the-job training，and project-based learning are more effective at learning new concepts than rote memory.The problem is that no single cost-effective constructivist activity will guarantee that you will be exposed to all the concepts you need or that you will fully remember the facts that you are exposed to.If you actually want to acquire a full range of knowledge about a given topic，the most guaranteed and efficient way to do so is to study by rote memory and practice time and again. 9．Which can best replace the underlined word “backlash” in paragraph 1? A．Determination. B．Opposition. C．Response. D．Inspiration. 答案　B 解析　词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“against rote memory(机械记忆)，in favor of constructivist(建构主义) activities and‘project-based learning’”可知，此处是指反对机械记忆，支持建构主义活动和“基于项目的学习”，所以backlash意为“反对”。故选B。 10．What is well accepted by many people? A．Insight learning. B．Rote memory. C．Constructivism. D．Emotional education. 答案　C 解析　细节理解题。根据第一段可知，人们强烈反对机械记忆，而倾向于建构主义活动和“基于项目的学习”。结合第二段第二句可知，建构主义是被很多人接受的。故选C。 11．Why does the author mention communication with a Nigerian businessman? A．To stress the importance of speaking Yoruba. B．To show how to improve communication skills. C．To show the power of social and professional value. D．To support his view about learning by rote memory. 答案　D 解析　推理判断题。通读第三段可知，作者在前两句先阐明观点：机械记忆具有很大的社交和专业价值；在后文举例证明自己的观点。因此，作者提到与尼日利亚商人的交流是为了支持他的关于通过机械记忆来学习的观点。故选D。 12．What can be the best title for the text? A．Rote Memory Is More Important than You Think B．School Activities Are the Main Way to Gain Knowledge C．Project-Based Learning Is a More Effective Learning Way D．Constructivist Activities Are Equal to Project-Based Learning 答案　A 解析　标题归纳题。根据第三段首句和文章最后一句并结合全文内容可知，文章主要讲了机械记忆是一种非常重要而有效的学习方法，所以A项“机械记忆比你想象的更重要”适合作为文章标题。故选A。 Ⅱ.七选五 Being able to read is an important skill in today’s society.It is important because it develops the mind and imagination.A person who knows how to read can educate themselves in any area of life they are interested in. Reading is an active mental process that improves your concentration and focus.Since you must concentrate in order to read，this requires you to focus and think about what you are reading. 1 Studies show if you don’t use your memory，it becomes more and more difficult to remember things. 2 It requires you to remember details，facts and figures，plot lines，themes and characters. The more you read，the more knowledgeable you become and with more knowledge comes more confidence.Reading about the diversity of life and exposing yourself to new ideas and more information help to develop the creative side of the brain and bring innovations(创新) into your thinking process. 3 When you are well read，people will look to you for answers.Then your feelings about yourself get better.Even more confidence! When you are reading books，especially challenging ones，you will probably find yourself exposed to many new words.Do you remember when you learned to read，how you learned to figure out the meaning of one word by reading the other words in the sentence? 4 Reading can help you get access to the diversity of ethnicity(种族特点) of people，their customs and their lifestyles.You’ll become more aware of different places. 5 Reading really widens your horizon(视野) of information，so you’ll always have something to talk about. A．So it’s a chain reaction. B．Reading helps to strengthen your memory muscles. C．If you are feeling bored，then pick up a book and start reading. D．Reading is one of the most enjoyable hobbies a person can have. E．You will get the same benefit for building your vocabulary from reading books. F．It makes you use your brain，helping you to reason out things which are unfamiliar to you. G．Ever found yourself in an embarrassing situation where you didn’t have anything to talk about? 1．答案　F 解析　上文说阅读促使你专注并思考，F项“它使你动脑筋，帮助你推理出你不熟悉的东西”接着说阅读对思维的作用，和上文是顺接关系，符合题意。故选F。 2．答案　B 解析　根据前文的“your memory”以及后文“It requires you to remember details，facts and figures，plot lines，themes and characters.”可知，本段主要讲阅读对记忆力的好处，所以B项“阅读有助于增强你的记忆力”符合本段主题。故选B。 3．答案　A 解析　前文说你读的书越多，知识越多，就越自信；后文提到，如果你知识渊博，人们会向你寻求答案，然后你也就更自信；由此可知，本段主要讲述了阅读的一系列好处，并且这些好处形成了连锁反应，所以A项“所以这是一种连锁反应”承上启下。故选A。 4．答案　E 解析　前文提到通过阅读上下文单词来猜测新词意义，可知本段主要是关于阅读对词汇量的好处，所以E项“通过读书，你也会得到同样的增加词汇量的好处”承接上文，符合语境。故选E。 5．答案　G 解析　根据后文可知，阅读可以拓宽你的信息视野，让你总是有话可谈。G项“你是否曾发现自己处于无话可说的尴尬境地？”以提问的方式引出下文，符合，anything to talk about与something to talk about相一致。故选G。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$