Unit1 Science Fiction【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记·巧练（人教版2019选择性必修四册）

Unit1 Science Fiction【速记清单】（原卷版） 2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记·巧练（人教版2019选择性必修四册） 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1.fiction 【paraphrase】 1. a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact 2. a deliberately false or improbable account fiction [ˈfikʃən] n. 小说；虚构，编造；谎言 【formation】: 复数: fictions  形容词: fictional  【paraphrase】 1. a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact 2. a deliberately false or improbable account 【例句】 例1：In this unit, you will read famous science fiction.          --- 新教材 选必四 P1 例2: Besides, I even submitted my own fiction to Youth.    例3: Though this was all a fiction of his own, yet it had its desired effect.  虽然这一切都是他自己的虚构，但却达到了预期的效果； --- Robison Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》 例5：The book intermingles fact and fiction.  这本书事实和虚构并存。 ---《牛津词典》 例6：Renowned scientists, science fiction writers and aerospace experts also came together for celebrating the event, which ended on Sunday.著名科学家、科幻作家和航空航天专家也聚集在一起庆祝活动，该活动于周日结束。        ---China Daily 短语互译： 科幻小说 science fiction  fictional character 虚构的人物/角色 2.appointment 【paraphrase】 n. 1. the act of putting a person into a non-elective position 2. a meeting arranged in advance 3. (usually plural) furnishings and equipment (especially for a ship or hotel) 4. a person who is appointed to a job or position appointment [ ə'pɔintmənt ] n. 任命；约定；任命的职位 【formation】 复数:appointments   动词appoint：任命；委派；指定；约定 形容词  appointed  约定的，指定的 appointive  任命的；委派的 名词 disappointment 失望 【例句】6个例句 例1：She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop.   --- 新教材选必四 P2 例2:  They take their driver-less car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.               例3：Opening the window, I walked in upon them; liberated Celine from my protection; gave her notice to vacate her hotel; offered her a purse for immediate exigencies; disregarded screams, hysterics, prayers, protestations, convulsions; made an appointment with the vicomte for a meeting at the Bois de Boulogne. . 我打开落地窗，朝他们走去，解除了对塞莉纳的保护，通知她腾出房子，给了她一笔钱以备眼前急用，不去理睬她的大哭小叫、歇斯底里、恳求、抗议和痉挛，跟那位子爵约定在布洛尼树林决斗的时间。                     ---  Jane Eyre《简爱》 例5： China's State Council announced the appointment of officials Thursday. 中国国务院周四宣布了这批官员的任命。                       ---  China Daily 短语： 有约会 have an appointment 与某人约会 make an appointment with 预约 schedule an appointment letter of appointment 委任书，聘书 by appointment按照约定 3、 Guilty /ˈɡɪltɪ/ 【paraphrase】 adj. 1. responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act; or marked by guilt "guilty of murder"; "the guilty person"; "secret guilty deeds"; "a guilty conscience"; "guilty behavior" 2. showing a sense of guilt "a guilty look" adj. 有罪的；内疚的 【formation】 比较级: guiltier   最高级：guiltiest 副 词: guiltily 名 词: guiltiness  有罪；自觉有罪；愧疚 guilt 犯罪，过失；内疚 【例句】 例1：Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.   ---  人教版选必四 P2 例2: It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year.                         例3：Innocent until proven guilty, Severus, he said firmly.只要没被证明有罪，就是无辜的，西弗勒斯。他坚定地说。                         ---《哈利波特与密室》 例4：Mind, I don't say a crime; I am not speaking of shedding of blood or any other guilty act, which might make the perpetrator amenable to the law: my word is error. 注意，我不是说犯罪;我说的不是流血或其他犯罪行为，这可能会使犯罪者服从法律:我的话是错误的。   ---  Jane Eyre《简爱》 例5：He was found guilty by a local court in June 2018 for attacking the police and is now serving a six-year-term in prison. 2018年6月，当地法院判定他袭击警察罪名成立，目前正在服刑6年。                               --- China Daily 短语： guilty feeling 罪恶感 find guilty认定有罪 guilty conscience内疚 服/认罪；被告服罪plead guilty 犯人the guilty 感到内疚feel guilty 4、declare [ di'klεə ] 【paraphrase】 1、state emphatically and authoritatively 2、announce publicly or officially 3、state firmly 4、make a declaration (of dutiable goods) to a customs official vt. 宣布，宣告；声明 断言，宣称 vi. 申报 【formation】 adj.：declared 公然的；公开宣布的 declarative 宣言的；陈述的，说明的 n.：declaration （纳税品等的）申报；宣布；公告；申诉书 declarer 申报者；宣言者 【例句】 例1：She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day. --- 新人教选必四 P3  例2: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions.   例3：And in spite of Mr Darcy's declared motives,my dear Lizzy, you may be sure that your uncle would never have given in, if we had not assumed that Mr Darcy had another interest in the matter.亲爱的丽萃，尽管达西先生公开说明了一些原因，但是，你可以肯定，如果我们不是觉得他别有用心，你舅舅是绝不会让步的。                      ---  Pride and prejudice《傲慢与偏见》 例4：Mr Edgar's sister, a pretty girl of eighteen, suddenly declared that she was in love with Heathcliff．艾加先生的妹妹伊莎贝拉，一个18岁的可爱姑娘，突如其来地公开说她爱上了希斯克利夫。                --- Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》 例5：Have you got anything to declare, sir? 先生，你有需要申报的物品吗？                      ---《旅游口语天天说》 例6：They must also declare their vaccination status. 他们还必须宣布他们的接种状况。                           --- China Daily 短语： 显露身分；发表意见declare oneself 发动进攻；对…宣战declare war on 宣布declare on declare for 表明赞成（拥护） nothing to declare 绿色通道；不需报关 declare bankruptcy宣告破产 5、calculate [ 'kælkjuleit ] 【paraphrase】 v. 1. make a mathematical calculation or computation 2. judge to be probable 3. predict in advance 4. have faith or confidence in vi. 计算；以为；作打算 vt. 计算；预测；认为；打算 【formation】 adj.：calculable 可计算的；能预测的；可靠的 calculative 计算的，善于计算的；精明的 n.：calculation 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑 calculator 计算器；计算者 v.：calculated 计算；估计；打算（calculate的过去式和过去分词） calculating 计算（calculate的ing形式） 【例句】 例1：They believe if Al can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”. --- 新教材选必四 P4   例2: It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 例3：However, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.                                         例4：Trying to calculate happiness over here. 居然想计算快乐。                                 ---《瑞克与莫蒂 第三季（双语）》 例5：Rich people are often creative and take calculated risks. 富人更富有创造性，愿意经过精心筹划后再去冒险。 ---Rich Dad Poor Dad《穷爸爸富爸爸》 例6："Many dieters like to calculate their weight every day," Lin says. “很多节食者喜欢每天计算自己的体重，”林说。                    --- China Daily 短语： 推测...的结果calculate the consequence/result of 计算旅行费用calculate the cost of .. calculate on 指望；期待 be calculated for适合于……；为适合…而设计的 6、 urge [ ə:dʒ ] 【paraphrase】 n. 1. an instinctive motive 2. a strong restless desire v. 1. force or impel in an indicated direction 2. push for something 3. urge on or encourage especially by shouts vt. 力劝，催促；驱策，推进 n. 强烈的欲望，迫切要求；推动力 vi. 强烈要求 【formation】 复数 urges 第三人称单数 urges 现在分词 urging 过去式 urged 过去分词 urged 【例句】 例1：I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!   --- 新教材选必四 P8   例2: We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. 例3：I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before. 例4：Together, these deep human urges（驱策力）count for much more than ambition. 例5：“Just let him go, ” Harry urged. “你就让它走吧，”哈利劝道。  ---《哈利波特与魔法石》 例6：His supporters also urged the army to mutiny. 他的支持者还煽动军队叛变。  ---《经济学人（汇总）》   短语： 敦促某人做某事；强烈要求某人做某事urge sb to do 有做某事的冲动，渴望做某事have an urge to do sth 极力主张/强烈要求做urge that(should)do/ It is urged that.... urge on 鞭策; 敦促; urge for sth 强烈要求 7、 explode [ ik'spləud ] 【paraphrase】 1. cause to burst with a violent release of energy 2. show a violent emotional reaction 3. show (a theory or claim) to be baseless, or refute and make obsolete 4. increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner vi. 爆炸，爆发；激增 vt. 使爆炸；爆炸；推翻 【formation】 第三人称单数 explodes 现在分词 exploding 过去式 exploded 过去分词 exploded 名词：explosion 爆炸；爆发；激增 【例句】 例1： But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb!    --- 新教材选必四 P9   例2: Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 例3：Little Auks explode on Greenland's west coast. 在格陵兰西海岸，侏海雀数量大增。  --- 《北欧野生风情录》 例4：Then suddenly he seemed to explode with anger．    --- Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde《化身博士》 例5：My little 9-year-old brain and heart nearly exploded.  --Rich Dad Poor Dad《穷爸爸富爸爸》 例6：Just imagine what it feels like to walk on a street where one might jump out with a knife or a garbage can might explode at any time. 想象一下走在大街上是什么感觉，一个人可能会拿着刀跳出来，或者一个垃圾桶可能随时爆炸。  --- China Daily 短语： 爆发出explode into 勃然大怒explode with anger/rage explode with laughter哄堂大笑；暴笑 8、pace [peɪs] 【paraphrase】 n. 1. the rate of moving (especially walking or running) 2. the distance covered by a step 3. the relative speed of progress or change v. walk with slow or fast paces n. 一步；步速；步伐；速度 vi. 踱步；缓慢而行 vt. 踱步于；用步测 【formation】  复数 paces 第三人称单数 paces 现在分词 pacing 过去式 paced 过去分词 paced 【例句】 例1：As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air.    --- 新教材选必四 P8  例2: A.It should keep pace with the procedure. 例3：According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. 根据大多数计算,比赛步行者以六英里每小时的速度移动会消耗大约800卡路里, 这燃烧的大约是走路的两倍, 虽然比跑步少,这也可能每小时消耗1000或更多的卡路里。 例4：While I paced softly on, the last sound I expected to hear in so still a region, a laugh, struck my ear.当我轻轻地往前走的时候，在这样寂静的地方，我万万没有想到会听到一声笑声。                                 ---Jane Eyre 《简爱》 例5: “Yes, but I grow at a reasonable pace,”said the Dormouse, “not in that ridiculous fashion.” “是的，但是我是合理地生长，不是长成可笑的样子”睡鼠说。     ---Alice In Wonderland《爱丽丝梦游仙境》 例6：The epidemic has led to a slow pace in global economic recovery, while the economic and business environment also face great uncertainties.疫情导致全球经济复苏缓慢，经济营商环境也面临较大不确定性。               --- China Daily 短语： 并驾齐驱，保持同步keep pace with 现代生活的步伐/节奏the pace of modern life 领先；起领头作用；定速度 set the pace 相当快地at a good pace at a steady pace以稳定的步伐 off the pace在第一名之后 at sb’s own pace 以某人自己的节奏 本单元写作词汇： 1. superior反义词： inferior adj. 上级的；高傲的；优秀的，出众的 n. 上级，长官；长者；优胜者，高手 写作词组： superior quality 优质，上等品；高级货品 superior performance 性能优越 be superior in 在…方面优越 be superior to 不受诱惑；不屈服于；优越于 2. on a … basis 在....基础上 写作词组： on a long-term basis  长期 on a regular basis 有规律地/定期地 on a daily basis 每天/日常 3. pros and cons 事务的利与弊，支持与反对 写作词组： 关于优缺点的表达： strengths and weaknesses advantages and disadvantages strong points and weak points 考点句型 1、句型：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 [教材原句]　As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.作为一项恩惠，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，把她变得更漂亮些，也把她的 家变得更雅致些。 本句为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构，其用法如下： (1)此结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、省略to的动词不定式、过去分词(短语)或介词短语充当； (2)当该结构中的宾语是动词不定式(短语)或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把动词不定式(短语)或从句后置。 (1)makesb do sth结构变为被动语态时，省略的动词不定式符号to要补 (2)makc后接名词作宾语补足语时，若作宾语补足语的名词是独一无二的职位，如president、chairman、monitor、headmastermanager、head、captain等，则该名词前不用任何冠词 2.句型：完全倒装句型 As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。 本句中there stood Gladys Claffern为完全倒装句型。使用完全倒装句的几种情况： (1)将here、 there、 now、 then、 in、 out、 off、 away等表示地点或时间的副词或者介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be、 come、 go、remain、 lie、 run等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装； (2)主系表结构中，作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时用完全倒装； (3)such作表语置于句首时用完全倒装。 在完全倒装句型中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。 3. 句型：It is/was ...that/who ...强调句型 It was at ten o clock today that the first of all limeMachines began its career. 上午十点，所有时间机器中的第一台启动了其运转之旅。 句中It was at ten o’clock today that .为强调句型，强调时间状语 at ten o clock today。 (1)强调句型的基本结构:It is/vas+被强调部分 +that/who+句子其他部分，多用于强调句子主语、宾语表语和状语。 (2)强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it +被强调部分 +that/who+句子其他部分?(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/vas+it+ that+句子其他部分? (4)not..until...结构的强调句型:It is/vas not until +被强调部分+ that +句子其他部分 4. 句型：as if引导方式状语从句 Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. 夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。 as if＝as though，意为“仿佛；好像”，用来引导方式状语从句和表语从句。 as if/though所引导的从句中的语气及时态的用法如下： as if/though引导状语从句时，若主、从句主语一致，从句谓语中又含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略，从句就变成“as if/though＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”。 单元语法 被动语态的复习 被动语态 英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。 [观察例句] 1．It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire. 2．All the work has been finished by now. 3．Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing. 4．You are invited to make a speech in our school. 5．Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. [归纳用法] 1．例句1中的黑体词部分为过去将来时的被动形式，其构成是was/were going to＋ be＋done。 2．例句2中的黑体词部分为现在完成时的被动形式，其构成是has/have＋ been ＋done。 3．例句3中的黑体词部分为过去进行时的被动形式，其构成是was/were＋ being ＋done。 4．例句4中的黑体词部分为一般现在时的被动形式，其构成是is/are＋done。 5．例句5中的黑体词部分为动词不定式一般式的被动形式，其构成是to＋be ＋ done。 一、被动语态的基本构成和用法 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。 下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式。 时态 被动结构 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done 一般过去时 was/were＋done 一般将来时 shall/will/am/is/are  going to＋be＋done 过去将来时 should/would/was/were going to＋be＋done 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋done 过去进行时 was/were＋being＋done 现在完成时 have/has＋been＋done 过去完成时 had＋been＋done 将来完成时 shall/will＋have＋been＋done 过去将来完成时 should/would＋have＋been＋done 二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 1．否定词not的位置 在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 2．“get＋过去分词”也表被动 3．“be＋过去分词”并非都是被动语态 系动词be，feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。 4．某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义 有些动词如read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，blow，peel，sell，act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well，easily，smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。 这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。 5．动词短语 动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 三、动词不定式的被动形式 动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。 构成 意义 一般式 to be done 表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作 完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作 1.动词不定式被动式的句法功能 (1)作主语 Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job. 有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事。 [名师点津] ①动词不定式(短语)作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。 It is an honour to be invited to speak here. 能被邀请在这儿讲话，真是一件荣幸的事。 ②单个动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)作表语 (3)作宾语 (4)作宾语补足语 (5)作定语 (6)作状语 2．不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 (1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 【例】I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. 今天下午我有许多事要做。(to do 与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系) 对比： I'll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted? 我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系，只和前面的letter构成动宾关系) (2)在某些“形容词＋不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 【例】This problem is difficult to work out. 这个问题很难计算出来。 (3)在too...to...结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 (4)be to blame常用主动表示被动。 四、动词ing的被动形式 动词ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时，要用动词ing的被动形式。包括其一般形式和完成形式。 (一)动词ing被动形式的构成 形式 用法 一般式 being done 被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 完成式 having been done 被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 (二)动词ing被动形式的用法 动词ing的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语。 【例】She doesn't remember having ever been given a chance to go abroad.(作宾语) 她不记得曾被给过出国的机会。 You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(作宾语补足语) 你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题。 [名师点津] 在动词ing被动式前加否定副词not便可构成其否定形式。 Tony was veny unhappy for not having been invited to the party.(作宾语) 托尼因未受邀请参加晚会甚为不满。 Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry.(作主语) 不被允许出去，他非常生气。 [名师点津] being done，to be done 与done作定语的区别 to be done作定语一般表示未来的动作；done表示被动完成的动作；being done 表示被动的、正在进行的动作。 【例】The problem to be discussed(＝which will be discussed) at the meeting is very important. 会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 The problem discussed (＝which was discussed) at the meeting is very important. 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 The problem being discussed(＝which is being discussed) at the meeting is very important. 会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。 五、几种特殊用法 1．在deserve，need，require，want等词之后，总是用动词ing的主动形式表达被动意义，相当于“to be＋过去分词”。 【例】The blackboard needs cleaning.＝The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干净。 The broken window wants repairing.＝The broken window wants to be repaired. 那个破窗户需要修理。 2．be worth后也常跟动词ing的主动形式表达被动意义。 【例】The book is worth reading again.＝The book is worthy of being read again.＝The book is worthy to be read again. 这本书值得再读一遍。 3．动词ing被动式的复合结构 当动词ing被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格) 【例】I am very pleased at you/your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你获得了一枚奖牌。 The decision having been made，the next problem was how to make a good plan. 决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制订一个好的计划了。 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. I asked my niece to f 　　　　　　（去拿来）a handkerchief for me from my living room. 2. People who are doing physical l 　　　　 　　（劳动） here have to wear leather gloves because it is too cold. 3. After entering the room，the old man lit the lamp and began to pace b 　　　　　　（向后） and forwards. 4. During the next few months in the city，I began to experience life at a maximum p 　　　　　　（速度）. 5. At night，my niece went to bed early because the fuel to light the l 　　　　　　（灯） was costly. 6. This test proves the random effect model is s 　　　　　　（更好的）to the fixed effect model. 7. According to the rule，the panel is selected at r 　　　　　　 （随机的）from the representatives. 8. It’s calculated that 150 people is the m 　　　　　　（最大极限的）number of meaningful connections anyone can have. Ⅱ . 用所给短语的适当形式填空 conflict with，beside the point，have an urge to，take over， be adapted into，remind...of，on the other hand，pros and cons，superior to，turn out 1. Was it in 1948 that the Government 　　　　　　 the railways in Great Britain? 2. They sat for hours debating the 　　　　　　 of setting up their own firm. 3. It cannot be questioned that the new method is 　　　　　　 the old one. 4. The fiction 　　　　　　 a TV series and became a national hot topic for quite some time. 5. My niece’s opinions 　　　　　　 mine on which major to choose. 6. Write an outline before you start writing the article，or you would easily write something that is 　　　　　　. 7. She simply welcomed him and 　　　　　　 him 　　　　　　 the last appointment they had made. 8. On the one hand，we should develop our economy； 　　　　　　，we should protect the environment. 9. The games my parents taught me when I was a child 　　　　　　 to be very useful later in my life. 10. The vacation is coming and my niece 　　　　　　 travel around the country. Ⅲ . 单句语法填空 1. The girl’s mother was unable to keep pace with her due 　　　　　　 illness. 2. Sixty-five may be out of date as the 　　　　　　（divide） line between middle age and old age. 3. Just as I bent over to pick up the lever，the machine 　　　　　　（explode） behind me. 4. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on 　　　　　　 lunch. 5. Every year， 　　　　　　 makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 6. In the afternoon，I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride，and he said yes，as long 　　　　　　 my dad went with me. 7. The saleswoman 　　　　　　（trick）out of her life savings because of greedy personality. 8. Silk 　　　　　　（handkerchief）embroidered by hand sell well in the Western market. 7 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit1 Science Fiction【速记清单】（解析版） 2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记·巧练（人教版2019选择性必修四册） 【速记清单】 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1.fiction 【paraphrase】 1. a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact 2. a deliberately false or improbable account fiction [ˈfikʃən] n. 小说；虚构，编造；谎言 【formation】: 复数: fictions  形容词: fictional  【paraphrase】 1. a literary work based on the imagination and not necessarily on fact 2. a deliberately false or improbable account 【例句】 例1：In this unit, you will read famous science fiction.          --- 新教材 选必四 P1 例2: Besides, I even submitted my own fiction to Youth.    例3: Though this was all a fiction of his own, yet it had its desired effect.  虽然这一切都是他自己的虚构，但却达到了预期的效果； --- Robison Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》 例5：The book intermingles fact and fiction.  这本书事实和虚构并存。 ---《牛津词典》 例6：Renowned scientists, science fiction writers and aerospace experts also came together for celebrating the event, which ended on Sunday.著名科学家、科幻作家和航空航天专家也聚集在一起庆祝活动，该活动于周日结束。        ---China Daily 短语互译： 科幻小说 science fiction  fictional character 虚构的人物/角色 2.appointment 【paraphrase】 n. 1. the act of putting a person into a non-elective position 2. a meeting arranged in advance 3. (usually plural) furnishings and equipment (especially for a ship or hotel) 4. a person who is appointed to a job or position appointment [ ə'pɔintmənt ] n. 任命；约定；任命的职位 【formation】 复数:appointments   动词appoint：任命；委派；指定；约定 形容词  appointed  约定的，指定的 appointive  任命的；委派的 名词 disappointment 失望 【例句】6个例句 例1：She had an appointment to paint her nails, then she went into an expensive clothes shop.   --- 新教材选必四 P2 例2:  They take their driver-less car to an appointment and set the empty vehicle to circle the building to avoid paying for parking.               例3：Opening the window, I walked in upon them; liberated Celine from my protection; gave her notice to vacate her hotel; offered her a purse for immediate exigencies; disregarded screams, hysterics, prayers, protestations, convulsions; made an appointment with the vicomte for a meeting at the Bois de Boulogne. . 我打开落地窗，朝他们走去，解除了对塞莉纳的保护，通知她腾出房子，给了她一笔钱以备眼前急用，不去理睬她的大哭小叫、歇斯底里、恳求、抗议和痉挛，跟那位子爵约定在布洛尼树林决斗的时间。                     ---  Jane Eyre《简爱》 例5： China's State Council announced the appointment of officials Thursday. 中国国务院周四宣布了这批官员的任命。                       ---  China Daily 短语： 有约会 have an appointment 与某人约会 make an appointment with 预约 schedule an appointment letter of appointment 委任书，聘书 by appointment按照约定 3、 Guilty /ˈɡɪltɪ/ 【paraphrase】 adj. 1. responsible for or chargeable with a reprehensible act; or marked by guilt "guilty of murder"; "the guilty person"; "secret guilty deeds"; "a guilty conscience"; "guilty behavior" 2. showing a sense of guilt "a guilty look" adj. 有罪的；内疚的 【formation】 比较级: guiltier   最高级：guiltiest 副 词: guiltily 名 词: guiltiness  有罪；自觉有罪；愧疚 guilt 犯罪，过失；内疚 【例句】 例1：Although it was completely innocent, Claire felt guilty.   ---  人教版选必四 P2 例2: It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur-unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year.                         例3：Innocent until proven guilty, Severus, he said firmly.只要没被证明有罪，就是无辜的，西弗勒斯。他坚定地说。                         ---《哈利波特与密室》 例4：Mind, I don't say a crime; I am not speaking of shedding of blood or any other guilty act, which might make the perpetrator amenable to the law: my word is error. 注意，我不是说犯罪;我说的不是流血或其他犯罪行为，这可能会使犯罪者服从法律:我的话是错误的。   ---  Jane Eyre《简爱》 例5：He was found guilty by a local court in June 2018 for attacking the police and is now serving a six-year-term in prison. 2018年6月，当地法院判定他袭击警察罪名成立，目前正在服刑6年。                               --- China Daily 短语： guilty feeling 罪恶感 find guilty认定有罪 guilty conscience内疚 服/认罪；被告服罪plead guilty 犯人the guilty 感到内疚feel guilty 4、declare [ di'klεə ] 【paraphrase】 1、state emphatically and authoritatively 2、announce publicly or officially 3、state firmly 4、make a declaration (of dutiable goods) to a customs official vt. 宣布，宣告；声明 断言，宣称 vi. 申报 【formation】 adj.：declared 公然的；公开宣布的 declarative 宣言的；陈述的，说明的 n.：declaration （纳税品等的）申报；宣布；公告；申诉书 declarer 申报者；宣言者 【例句】 例1：She heard him declare that he did not want to leave her the next day. --- 新人教选必四 P3  例2: Wuhan declared temporary outbound (向外的) traffic restrictions.   例3：And in spite of Mr Darcy's declared motives,my dear Lizzy, you may be sure that your uncle would never have given in, if we had not assumed that Mr Darcy had another interest in the matter.亲爱的丽萃，尽管达西先生公开说明了一些原因，但是，你可以肯定，如果我们不是觉得他别有用心，你舅舅是绝不会让步的。                      ---  Pride and prejudice《傲慢与偏见》 例4：Mr Edgar's sister, a pretty girl of eighteen, suddenly declared that she was in love with Heathcliff．艾加先生的妹妹伊莎贝拉，一个18岁的可爱姑娘，突如其来地公开说她爱上了希斯克利夫。                --- Wuthering Heights《呼啸山庄》 例5：Have you got anything to declare, sir? 先生，你有需要申报的物品吗？                      ---《旅游口语天天说》 例6：They must also declare their vaccination status. 他们还必须宣布他们的接种状况。                           --- China Daily 短语： 显露身分；发表意见declare oneself 发动进攻；对…宣战declare war on 宣布declare on declare for 表明赞成（拥护） nothing to declare 绿色通道；不需报关 declare bankruptcy宣告破产 5、calculate [ 'kælkjuleit ] 【paraphrase】 v. 1. make a mathematical calculation or computation 2. judge to be probable 3. predict in advance 4. have faith or confidence in vi. 计算；以为；作打算 vt. 计算；预测；认为；打算 【formation】 adj.：calculable 可计算的；能预测的；可靠的 calculative 计算的，善于计算的；精明的 n.：calculation 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑 calculator 计算器；计算者 v.：calculated 计算；估计；打算（calculate的过去式和过去分词） calculating 计算（calculate的ing形式） 【例句】 例1：They believe if Al can handle tasks like calculating and driving for us, we will have more time for creating, thinking, and “being human”. --- 新教材选必四 P4   例2: It is calculated by dividing a person's weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy. 例3：However, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.                                         例4：Trying to calculate happiness over here. 居然想计算快乐。                                 ---《瑞克与莫蒂 第三季（双语）》 例5：Rich people are often creative and take calculated risks. 富人更富有创造性，愿意经过精心筹划后再去冒险。 ---Rich Dad Poor Dad《穷爸爸富爸爸》 例6："Many dieters like to calculate their weight every day," Lin says. “很多节食者喜欢每天计算自己的体重，”林说。                    --- China Daily 短语： 推测...的结果calculate the consequence/result of 计算旅行费用calculate the cost of .. calculate on 指望；期待 be calculated for适合于……；为适合…而设计的 6、 urge [ ə:dʒ ] 【paraphrase】 n. 1. an instinctive motive 2. a strong restless desire v. 1. force or impel in an indicated direction 2. push for something 3. urge on or encourage especially by shouts vt. 力劝，催促；驱策，推进 n. 强烈的欲望，迫切要求；推动力 vi. 强烈要求 【formation】 复数 urges 第三人称单数 urges 现在分词 urging 过去式 urged 过去分词 urged 【例句】 例1：I had a strong urge to look at the random things that were being flashed before my eyes!   --- 新教材选必四 P8   例2: We at the NYFC need broad support as we urge Congress to increase farmland conservation, as we push for immigration reform, and as we seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation of farmers from all backgrounds. 例3：I never felt an urge to learn any sign language before. 例4：Together, these deep human urges（驱策力）count for much more than ambition. 例5：“Just let him go, ” Harry urged. “你就让它走吧，”哈利劝道。  ---《哈利波特与魔法石》 例6：His supporters also urged the army to mutiny. 他的支持者还煽动军队叛变。  ---《经济学人（汇总）》   短语： 敦促某人做某事；强烈要求某人做某事urge sb to do 有做某事的冲动，渴望做某事have an urge to do sth 极力主张/强烈要求做urge that(should)do/ It is urged that.... urge on 鞭策; 敦促; urge for sth 强烈要求 7、 explode [ ik'spləud ] 【paraphrase】 1. cause to burst with a violent release of energy 2. show a violent emotional reaction 3. show (a theory or claim) to be baseless, or refute and make obsolete 4. increase rapidly and in an uncontrolled manner vi. 爆炸，爆发；激增 vt. 使爆炸；爆炸；推翻 【formation】 第三人称单数 explodes 现在分词 exploding 过去式 exploded 过去分词 exploded 名词：explosion 爆炸；爆发；激增 【例句】 例1： But if I stopped and the same space was being occupied by something else, we would be forced together and explode like a bomb!    --- 新教材选必四 P9   例2: Instead, they explode in your mouth like little flavor bombs. 例3：Little Auks explode on Greenland's west coast. 在格陵兰西海岸，侏海雀数量大增。  --- 《北欧野生风情录》 例4：Then suddenly he seemed to explode with anger．    --- Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde《化身博士》 例5：My little 9-year-old brain and heart nearly exploded.  --Rich Dad Poor Dad《穷爸爸富爸爸》 例6：Just imagine what it feels like to walk on a street where one might jump out with a knife or a garbage can might explode at any time. 想象一下走在大街上是什么感觉，一个人可能会拿着刀跳出来，或者一个垃圾桶可能随时爆炸。  --- China Daily 短语： 爆发出explode into 勃然大怒explode with anger/rage explode with laughter哄堂大笑；暴笑 8、pace [peɪs] 【paraphrase】 n. 1. the rate of moving (especially walking or running) 2. the distance covered by a step 3. the relative speed of progress or change v. walk with slow or fast paces n. 一步；步速；步伐；速度 vi. 踱步；缓慢而行 vt. 踱步于；用步测 【formation】  复数 paces 第三人称单数 paces 现在分词 pacing 过去式 paced 过去分词 paced 【例句】 例1：As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air.    --- 新教材选必四 P8  例2: A.It should keep pace with the procedure. 例3：According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. 根据大多数计算,比赛步行者以六英里每小时的速度移动会消耗大约800卡路里, 这燃烧的大约是走路的两倍, 虽然比跑步少,这也可能每小时消耗1000或更多的卡路里。 例4：While I paced softly on, the last sound I expected to hear in so still a region, a laugh, struck my ear.当我轻轻地往前走的时候，在这样寂静的地方，我万万没有想到会听到一声笑声。                                 ---Jane Eyre 《简爱》 例5: “Yes, but I grow at a reasonable pace,”said the Dormouse, “not in that ridiculous fashion.” “是的，但是我是合理地生长，不是长成可笑的样子”睡鼠说。     ---Alice In Wonderland《爱丽丝梦游仙境》 例6：The epidemic has led to a slow pace in global economic recovery, while the economic and business environment also face great uncertainties.疫情导致全球经济复苏缓慢，经济营商环境也面临较大不确定性。               --- China Daily 短语： 并驾齐驱，保持同步keep pace with 现代生活的步伐/节奏the pace of modern life 领先；起领头作用；定速度 set the pace 相当快地at a good pace at a steady pace以稳定的步伐 off the pace在第一名之后 at sb’s own pace 以某人自己的节奏 本单元写作词汇： 1. superior反义词： inferior adj. 上级的；高傲的；优秀的，出众的 n. 上级，长官；长者；优胜者，高手 写作词组： superior quality 优质，上等品；高级货品 superior performance 性能优越 be superior in 在…方面优越 be superior to 不受诱惑；不屈服于；优越于 2. on a … basis 在....基础上 写作词组： on a long-term basis  长期 on a regular basis 有规律地/定期地 on a daily basis 每天/日常 3. pros and cons 事务的利与弊，支持与反对 写作词组： 关于优缺点的表达： strengths and weaknesses advantages and disadvantages strong points and weak points 考点句型 1、句型：make＋宾语＋宾语补足语 [教材原句]　As a favour, Tony promised to help Claire make herself more beautiful and her home more elegant.作为一项恩惠，托尼答应帮助克莱尔，把她变得更漂亮些，也把她的 家变得更雅致些。 本句为“make＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的复合结构，其用法如下： (1)此结构中，宾语补足语可由名词或形容词、省略to的动词不定式、过去分词(短语)或介词短语充当； (2)当该结构中的宾语是动词不定式(短语)或从句时，多用it作形式宾语，而把动词不定式(短语)或从句后置。 (1)makesb do sth结构变为被动语态时，省略的动词不定式符号to要补 (2)makc后接名词作宾语补足语时，若作宾语补足语的名词是独一无二的职位，如president、chairman、monitor、headmastermanager、head、captain等，则该名词前不用任何冠词 2.句型：完全倒装句型 As she turned around, there stood Gladys Claffern. 当她转过身来，却看到格拉迪丝·克拉芬正站在那里。 本句中there stood Gladys Claffern为完全倒装句型。使用完全倒装句的几种情况： (1)将here、 there、 now、 then、 in、 out、 off、 away等表示地点或时间的副词或者介词短语置于句首，谓语动词是be、 come、 go、remain、 lie、 run等，且主语为名词时，用完全倒装； (2)主系表结构中，作表语的形容词、分词置于句首时用完全倒装； (3)such作表语置于句首时用完全倒装。 在完全倒装句型中，谓语动词的数要与后面主语的数一致。完全倒装的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不用倒装。 3. 句型：It is/was ...that/who ...强调句型 It was at ten o clock today that the first of all limeMachines began its career. 上午十点，所有时间机器中的第一台启动了其运转之旅。 句中It was at ten o’clock today that .为强调句型，强调时间状语 at ten o clock today。 (1)强调句型的基本结构:It is/vas+被强调部分 +that/who+句子其他部分，多用于强调句子主语、宾语表语和状语。 (2)强调句型的一般疑问句:Is/Was it +被强调部分 +that/who+句子其他部分?(3)强调句型的特殊疑问句:疑问词+is/vas+it+ that+句子其他部分? (4)not..until...结构的强调句型:It is/vas not until +被强调部分+ that +句子其他部分 4. 句型：as if引导方式状语从句 Night came as if a lamp was being turned out, and in another moment came the day. 夜幕降临了，仿佛一盏灯正在熄灭，转眼间，白昼就来临了。 as if＝as though，意为“仿佛；好像”，用来引导方式状语从句和表语从句。 as if/though所引导的从句中的语气及时态的用法如下： as if/though引导状语从句时，若主、从句主语一致，从句谓语中又含有be动词时，从句中的主语和be动词常常可以省略，从句就变成“as if/though＋形容词/名词/介词短语/分词/动词不定式”。 单元语法 被动语态的复习 被动语态 英语中有两种语态，一种是主动语态，一种是被动语态。如果主语是动作的执行者，或者动作是由主语完成的，要用主动语态；如果主语是动作的承受者，则用被动语态。 [观察例句] 1．It was going to be tested out by Larry's wife，Claire. 2．All the work has been finished by now. 3．Now she was being looked after by a robot that looked so human，and it was disturbing. 4．You are invited to make a speech in our school. 5．Larry persuaded her that the robot wouldn't harm her or allow her to be harmed. [归纳用法] 1．例句1中的黑体词部分为过去将来时的被动形式，其构成是was/were going to＋ be＋done。 2．例句2中的黑体词部分为现在完成时的被动形式，其构成是has/have＋ been ＋done。 3．例句3中的黑体词部分为过去进行时的被动形式，其构成是was/were＋ being ＋done。 4．例句4中的黑体词部分为一般现在时的被动形式，其构成是is/are＋done。 5．例句5中的黑体词部分为动词不定式一般式的被动形式，其构成是to＋be ＋ done。 一、被动语态的基本构成和用法 被动语态由“be＋过去分词”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化主要体现在be的变化上，其变化形式与系动词be的完全一样。 下面以do为例列举各种时态的被动语态的形式。 时态 被动结构 一般现在时 am/is/are＋done 一般过去时 was/were＋done 一般将来时 shall/will/am/is/are  going to＋be＋done 过去将来时 should/would/was/were going to＋be＋done 现在进行时 am/is/are＋being＋done 过去进行时 was/were＋being＋done 现在完成时 have/has＋been＋done 过去完成时 had＋been＋done 将来完成时 shall/will＋have＋been＋done 过去将来完成时 should/would＋have＋been＋done 二、使用被动语态应注意的几个问题 1．否定词not的位置 在第一个助动词或情态动词之后。 2．“get＋过去分词”也表被动 3．“be＋过去分词”并非都是被动语态 系动词be，feel，seem，look等词后面的过去分词已转化为形容词，作表语用，构成系表结构，表示某种状态。 4．某些情况用主动语态来表示被动含义 有些动词如read，write，clean，wash，iron，burn，draw，cook，keep，cut，open，blow，peel，sell，act等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，常和副词well，easily，smoothly等连用，且通常用主动结构表示被动含义。 这些动词的主语一般是表物的词，且这些物往往具有某种内在的特点，这些句子的时态多用一般现在时或一般将来时。 5．动词短语 动词短语在主动结构中是不可分割的，在被动结构中也是如此，不可去掉后面的介词或副词。 三、动词不定式的被动形式 动词不定式所修饰的名词或代词与其是被动关系时，动词不定式一般使用被动形式。不定式的被动式可分为一般式和完成式。 构成 意义 一般式 to be done 表示发生在谓语动词之后或同时发生的被动动作 完成式 to have been done 表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动动作 1.动词不定式被动式的句法功能 (1)作主语 Sometimes to be understood is not an easy job. 有时被人理解并不是一件容易的事。 [名师点津] ①动词不定式(短语)作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语放在后面。 It is an honour to be invited to speak here. 能被邀请在这儿讲话，真是一件荣幸的事。 ②单个动词不定式(短语)作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)作表语 (3)作宾语 (4)作宾语补足语 (5)作定语 (6)作状语 2．不定式的主动形式表示被动意义 (1)动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系时，不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。 【例】I have a lot of things to do this afternoon. 今天下午我有许多事要做。(to do 与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系) 对比： I'll go to the post office.Do you have a letter to be posted? 我要去邮局。你有信要寄吗？(post与主语you之间不存在主谓关系，只和前面的letter构成动宾关系) (2)在某些“形容词＋不定式”作表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。 【例】This problem is difficult to work out. 这个问题很难计算出来。 (3)在too...to...结构中，不定式前面可加逻辑主语，所以应用主动形式表示被动意义。 (4)be to blame常用主动表示被动。 四、动词ing的被动形式 动词ing形式所表示的动作是一个被动动作时，要用动词ing的被动形式。包括其一般形式和完成形式。 (一)动词ing被动形式的构成 形式 用法 一般式 being done 被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 完成式 having been done 被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前 (二)动词ing被动形式的用法 动词ing的被动式在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补足语、状语。 【例】She doesn't remember having ever been given a chance to go abroad.(作宾语) 她不记得曾被给过出国的机会。 You'll find the topic being discussed everywhere.(作宾语补足语) 你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题。 [名师点津] 在动词ing被动式前加否定副词not便可构成其否定形式。 Tony was veny unhappy for not having been invited to the party.(作宾语) 托尼因未受邀请参加晚会甚为不满。 Not being allowed to go out makes him very angry.(作主语) 不被允许出去，他非常生气。 [名师点津] being done，to be done 与done作定语的区别 to be done作定语一般表示未来的动作；done表示被动完成的动作；being done 表示被动的、正在进行的动作。 【例】The problem to be discussed(＝which will be discussed) at the meeting is very important. 会上将要讨论的问题非常重要。 The problem discussed (＝which was discussed) at the meeting is very important. 会上讨论过的问题非常重要。 The problem being discussed(＝which is being discussed) at the meeting is very important. 会上正在讨论的问题非常重要。 五、几种特殊用法 1．在deserve，need，require，want等词之后，总是用动词ing的主动形式表达被动意义，相当于“to be＋过去分词”。 【例】The blackboard needs cleaning.＝The blackboard needs to be cleaned. 黑板需要擦干净。 The broken window wants repairing.＝The broken window wants to be repaired. 那个破窗户需要修理。 2．be worth后也常跟动词ing的主动形式表达被动意义。 【例】The book is worth reading again.＝The book is worthy of being read again.＝The book is worthy to be read again. 这本书值得再读一遍。 3．动词ing被动式的复合结构 当动词ing被动式的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动词ing形式之前加上物主代词或名词所有格(整个复合结构不作主语时，可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词，名词普通格代替名词所有格) 【例】I am very pleased at you/your having been honored with a medal. 我很高兴你获得了一枚奖牌。 The decision having been made，the next problem was how to make a good plan. 决定已经做出，下一个问题就是如何制订一个好的计划了。 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1. I asked my niece to f 　　　　　　（去拿来）a handkerchief for me from my living room. 2. People who are doing physical l 　　　　 　　（劳动） here have to wear leather gloves because it is too cold. 3. After entering the room，the old man lit the lamp and began to pace b 　　　　　　（向后） and forwards. 4. During the next few months in the city，I began to experience life at a maximum p 　　　　　　（速度）. 5. At night，my niece went to bed early because the fuel to light the l 　　　　　　（灯） was costly. 6. This test proves the random effect model is s 　　　　　　（更好的）to the fixed effect model. 7. According to the rule，the panel is selected at r 　　　　　　 （随机的）from the representatives. 8. It’s calculated that 150 people is the m 　　　　　　（最大极限的）number of meaningful connections anyone can have. 答案：1. fetch　2. labour　3. backwards　4. pace　5. lamps 6. superior 7. random 8. maximum Ⅱ . 用所给短语的适当形式填空 conflict with，beside the point，have an urge to，take over， be adapted into，remind...of，on the other hand，pros and cons，superior to，turn out 1. Was it in 1948 that the Government 　　　　　　 the railways in Great Britain? 2. They sat for hours debating the 　　　　　　 of setting up their own firm. 3. It cannot be questioned that the new method is 　　　　　　 the old one. 4. The fiction 　　　　　　 a TV series and became a national hot topic for quite some time. 5. My niece’s opinions 　　　　　　 mine on which major to choose. 6. Write an outline before you start writing the article，or you would easily write something that is 　　　　　　. 7. She simply welcomed him and 　　　　　　 him 　　　　　　 the last appointment they had made. 8. On the one hand，we should develop our economy； 　　　　　　，we should protect the environment. 9. The games my parents taught me when I was a child 　　　　　　 to be very useful later in my life. 10. The vacation is coming and my niece 　　　　　　 travel around the country. 答案：1. took over　2. pros and cons　3. superior to 4. was adapted into　5. conflicted with 　6. beside the point 7. reminded，of 　8. on the other hand　9. turned out 10. has an urge to Ⅲ . 单句语法填空 1. The girl’s mother was unable to keep pace with her due 　　　　　　 illness. 2. Sixty-five may be out of date as the 　　　　　　（divide） line between middle age and old age. 3. Just as I bent over to pick up the lever，the machine 　　　　　　（explode） behind me. 4. Before I knew it an hour had passed and it was time to move on 　　　　　　 lunch. 5. Every year， 　　　　　　 makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the Kite Festival. 6. In the afternoon，I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride，and he said yes，as long 　　　　　　 my dad went with me. 7. The saleswoman 　　　　　　（trick）out of her life savings because of greedy personality. 8. Silk 　　　　　　（handkerchief）embroidered by hand sell well in the Western market. 答案：1. to　句意：这个女孩的母亲因病无法跟上她的步伐。due to 因为。 2. division　句意：65 岁作为中年与老年的分界线可能已经过时了。 3. exploded　句意：正当我弯腰捡操纵杆时，那台机器在我身后爆炸了。 4. to　句意：不知不觉一个小时过去了，到了该吃午饭的时间了。move on（to sth.）开始做（别的事）。 5. whoever 　句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。分析句子结构可知，所填的词引导主语从句并在从句中作主语，所以用whoever。 6. as　句意：下午，我问保罗叔叔我是否可以骑马，他说可以， 只要我爸爸和我一起去。as long as 只要。 7. was tricked　句意：由于贪婪的性格，这位女售货员被骗走了一生的积蓄。trick sb. out of sth. 从某人处骗走某物。 8. handkerchiefs 　句意：手绣的丝制手帕在西方市场销路很好。handkerchief 是可数名词，前面没有单数修饰语，所以用复数形式。handkerchief 的复数形式为handkerchiefs。 7 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$