Unit 2 Iconic Attractions【速记清单】-2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记·巧练（人教版2019选择性必修四册）

Unit 2 Iconic Attractions【速记清单】（原卷版） 2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记·巧练（人教版2019选择性必修四册） 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1. foundation n. 创建；基础；地基；基金会 The foundation of Australia(教材P14)澳大利亚的创建 情景导学 Our school offers a wide variety of courses for students，providing/laying a solid foundation for future study. 我们学校为学生提供了各种各样的课程，为今后的学习打下坚实的基础。 With respect and friendship，nothing can shake/rock the foundation of our coopera- tion. 有了尊重与友谊，就没有什么能够动摇我们合作的基础。 用法归纳 ①provide/lay a. . . foundation 　for   . . . 为……打下……基础 ②shake/rock the foundation 　of   . . . 动摇……的基础 ③be without foundation 没有根据 词汇拓展 ①found v. 建立；创办；创建 ②founder n. 创办者；创建者；发起人 Zhang Guimei，founder and principal of the first free high school for girls in China， often works overtime despite suffering from several kinds of illnesses. 张桂梅是中国第一所女子免费高中的创始人兼校长,尽管患有多种疾病，但她经常加班 特别提醒 ①found(创建)的过去式及过去分词：founded；founded。 ②find(发现)的过去式及过去分词：found；found。 2. located adj. 位于 Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe，it’s often informally referred to as “down under”. (教材P14) (澳大利亚)位于赤道以南，并在地球上许多其他国家的下方，它常被非正式地称为 “down under”。 情景导学 Being surrounded by green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain make it a famous tourist attraction. 绿山环绕，位于庐山脚下，使得它成为著名的旅游景点。 (写作—旅游) 用法归纳 be located in/on/　at    . . . 坐落于……；位于……词汇拓展 ①location n. 位置 Citizens can request location data from their mobile phone carrier to show they have not been to affected areas. 市民可以向移动电话运营商要求获得位置数据，以表明他们没有去过疫区。 (写作—疫情防控) ②locate v. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)；创办于(某地) One outstanding feature of the DF-41 ballistic missile is its ability to locate the accurate position of the target. 东风-41弹道导弹的一个突出特点是具有确定目标的准确位置的能力。 3. straightforward adj. 坦率的；简单的 They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life. . . (教材P15) 他们对待生活的态度简单直率、随性洒脱…… 词汇拓展 ①straightforwardness n. 直爽；坦率；坦诚，率直 They were impressed by his sincerity and straightforwardness. 他的诚恳和坦率给他们留下了很深的印象。 ②straightforwardly adv. 直接地；正直地；直截了当地 His friend said straightforwardly that he was not good enough. 他的朋友直截了当地说他不够好。 4. entitle vt. 给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利；使符合资格 Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the govern- ment to help protect their cultural heritage. (教材P16) 在中国，少数民族群体往往有权从政府获得专项资金，来帮助保护其文化遗产。 情景导学 This kind of ticket does not entitle you to travel first class. 你拿这种票不能坐头等舱。 Professor Wang’s speech today is entitled “My People，My Country”. 王教授今天的演讲题目是《我和我的祖国》。 In China，male workers are usually entitled to the pension when they reach 60. 在中国，当男性职工年满60岁时，通常就有资格享受养老金。 用法归纳 ①entitle sb. 　to do  sth. 使某人享有做某事的权利 ②entitle sb. to. . . 使某人享有某种权利(被动语态为sb. be entitled to. . . ) ③be entitled. . . 题目是……；被命名为…… 5. dive vi. & n. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 Visitors to the beaches can enjoy many activities，including diving，kayaking，and rock climbing. (教材P16) 到海滩的游客可以享受很多活动，包括潜水、皮划艇和攀岩。 情景导学 The two boys dived into the river. 这两个男孩一头扎进河里。 Diving off the high platform is very exciting. 从高台跳入水中非常令人兴奋。 The goalkeeper saw the ball coming towards the goal and made a dive for it. 守门员看见球向球门冲来，就扑了过去。 Many people think the housing price may take a dive. 很多人认为房价可能会暴跌。 用法归纳 ①dive 　into    迅速把手伸入；跳入水中(头朝下) ②dive off. . . 从……跳入水中 ③go diving去潜水 ④make a dive 　for    . . . 扑向；冲向 ⑤take a dive突然下降，暴跌 6. freedom n. 自由；不受……影响的状态 . . . but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom. (教材P16) ……但是特殊的公园已经被建立来保护它们的安全和自由。 情景导学 Today，people have the freedom of speech/expression/thought. 现在，人们有言论/表达/思想自由。 Although students are given the freedom to dress themselves，plain and simple clothes are commonly believed to be appropriate for school wear. 虽然学生在学校可以自由着装，但人们普遍认为朴素的衣服适合在学校里穿。     (写作—校园生活) 用法归纳 ①freedom 　of   speech/expression/thought 言论/表达/思想自由 ②the freedom 　to do    sth. 做某事的自由词汇拓展 ①free adj. 自由的；免费的；随心所欲的；不受……伤害(或影响等)的 v. 释放；使自由；解放 ◆be free to do sth. 自由地做某事 Our English teacher creates a friendly and relaxing atmosphere in the class where we are free to express ourselves. 我们的英语老师在课堂上创造了一种友好和令人放松的氛围，我们可以自由地表达自己。(写作—钦佩的人) ◆be free of/from. . . 不受……伤害(或影响等)的 Fruit juices，milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax. 果汁、以牛奶为主的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的。(2022全国乙) ◆for free/free of charge免费 He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. 他主动提出免费为任何有需要的人修理自行车。 (2021天津3月) ②freely adv. 自由地；慷慨地；自愿地 7. a flock of 一群(羊或鸟) a flock of sheep(教材P18)一群羊 特别提醒 “a flock of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词使用单复数均可。使用单数时，是将其视为一个整体来考虑；使用复数时，侧重考虑其中的个体。 A flock of wild geese flying along in a V formation is/are heading south for the winter. 一群大雁排成V字形飞向南方过冬。 词汇拓展 ①flocks of. . . 大群的(人) She was suddenly surrounded by flocks of excited fans. 她突然被大群兴奋的粉丝包围了。 ②a group of. . . 一群(人或物) ③a crowd of. . . 一群(人) 8. distribution n. 分布；分配；分发 It has to be the kangaroo，as it has a wide distribution throughout the country. (教材P19)必须是袋鼠，因为这种动物广泛分布于全国。 情景导学 Experts said they believed the distribution of digital talents in China will become more equal. 专家指出，他们认为在中国，数字人才的分配将变得更加平等。 用法归纳 the distribution of. . . ……的分配 词汇拓展 ◆distribute v. 分发，分配 ◆distribute. . . to. . . 把……分给…… He helped the teacher distribute the donated books to children in remote areas. 他帮助老师把这些捐赠的书分发给偏远地区的孩子们。 ◆distribute. . . among. . . 在……中分配…… The money was distributed among schools in the area. 这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。 9. frequency n. 发生率；重复率；频率 . . . they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions. (教材P20)……它们只能在有限的时间和限频率的场合被触摸。 情景导学 The frequency of airplane crashes is basically random but they do sometimes come in bunches. 飞机坠毁的频率基本上是随机的，但有时确实会成批发生。 You can’t hear waves of such a high frequency. 你是无法听到如此高频率的声波的。 用法归纳 ①the frequency 　of   . . . ……的频率 ②a high/low frequency高频率/低频率 词汇拓展 ①frequent adj. 频繁的，经常发生的 vt. 常去，常到(某处) ◆a frequent visitor常客 ②frequently adv. 频繁地，经常地 Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane— has been viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 经常乘飞机参加会议、讲座、研讨会等活动被视为科学家聚会和交流信息的重要方式。 (2022浙江1月) ③infrequent adj. 不常发生的，罕见的 10. violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的 Fortunately，despite their name，they are generally not violent towards people. (教材P20)幸运的是，尽管它们的名字听起来很吓人，但它们通常对人不凶。 词汇拓展 ①violence n. 暴力；暴行 We hope one day all the violence and poverty will be wiped out in the whole world and we can live a really harmonious life. 我们希望有一天整个世界上所有的暴力和贫穷都将被消灭，我们可以过上真正和谐的生活。 ②violently adv. 激烈地；猛烈地；暴力地 Many of the only children are so accustomed to being praised that they react violently when they hear something different. 许多独生子女都习惯受到表扬，以至于当他们听到不同的声音时，他们会做出激烈的反应。 11. capacity n. 能力；容量 It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill. (教材P21)它能通过利用喙上的电子传感器在水中寻找食物。 情景导学 Human beings are set apart from animals because they have the capacity to think deeply. 人类不同于动物是因为他们有深度思考的能力。 Though the theater has a seating capacity of 800，there are still not enough seats for the event. 虽然剧院可容纳800人，但对于此次活动来说座位仍然不够。 用法归纳 ①have a capacity 　of    . . . 有……的容量 ②have a/the capacity 　to do    /for (doing) sth. 有能力做某事 词汇拓展 ◆capable adj. 有能力的；有才能的 ◆be capable of (doing)sth. 有能力做某事 A qualified teacher is capable of expecting students’ needs. 一个合格的教师能够预见学生的需要。 12. prison n. 监狱；监禁 Special tiger reserves with fences have greatly improved the distribution of the wild tiger population across India，and local police are now entitled to give longer prison sentences to hunters. (教材P22) 有围栏的特殊老虎保护区大大改善了印度各地野生虎数量的分布，当地警方现在有权对捕猎者判处更长的刑期。 情景导学 He was sent to prison for spreading rumors. 他因传播谣言被捕入狱。 They went to prison because they broke the law. 他们坐了牢，因为他们触犯了法律。 The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison. 家人的关爱和支持支撑他度过了狱中的岁月。 用法归纳 ①　in    prison在监狱里(反义短语：out of prison出狱) ②be sent 　to     prison被送进监狱 ③escape from prison越狱 ④go 　to    prison入狱；被监禁 ⑤put sb. in prison把某人关进监狱 特别提醒 prison前使用定冠词the，表示去监狱 (探监，去监狱上班)等，不表示“蹲监狱”。 go to the prison(因某事)去监狱；in the prison 在监狱中(工作等)。 词汇拓展 ◆prisoner n. 囚犯；犯人；俘虏；战俘 They are demanding the release of all political prisoners. 他们正在要求释放所有的政治犯。 考点句型 1.It is said that. . . 据说…… It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas. (教材P15) 据说，现在所有澳大利亚公民中，有近一半的公民要么自己出生在海外，要么父母出生在海外。 用法归纳 本句是一个主从复合句。It is said 是主句，其中 It 是　形式    主语，指代后面 的 that 引导的　主语   从句，who 引导的是　定语    从句，修饰 parents。 结构拓展 ◆It’s reported that. . . 据报道…… It’s reported that two schools，both of which are being built in my hometown，will open next year. 据报道，我的家乡正在兴建的两所学校将于明年开放。 ◆It’s hoped that. . . 人们希望…… It’s hoped that the new museum will be a big hit with families. 人们希望新博物馆能受到家庭的热烈欢迎。 ◆It's announced that. . . 据宣布…… It's announced that we shall have our final exam next month. 据宣布我们下个月要进行期末考试。 ◆It's believed that. . . 人们认为/相信…… It's believed that a new kind of drug is being developed by the scientists and they are hopeful that they will succeed in a couple of months. 据信，科学家们正在开发一种新型药物，他们希望在几个月内取得成功。 2.It’s time (for sb. ) to do sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时候了 It’s almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia. (教材P15) 差不多是我向澳大利亚道别的时候了。 结构拓展 ◆It’s high/about time that. . . 该是……的时候了 It is high/about time that we students took the graduation exams. 该是我们这些学生参加毕业考试的时候了。 ◆It’s time that. . . 是时候……了 It is time that we made a decision. 是我们做出决定的时候了。 特别提醒 在It’s (high/about)time that. . . 后的that从句中要使用虚拟语气。从句谓语通常使用 一般过去时，有时也可用“should+动词原形”形式作谓语。 ◆It is time for sth. 该……了 It’s time for school. 到了上学的时候了。 It’s time for supper. 到了吃晚饭的时候了。 3.can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地想做某事 [教材原句P14] I can't wait to see all of them!  我迫不及待地要看到所有这些东西！ [句式分析] 句中can't wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待地想做某事”。 I can't wait to get out of these wet clothes. 我迫不及待地要脱下这些湿衣服。  We can hardly wait to see them! 我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！ [造句]　我急切地想见到我的老同学们。 I can't wait to meet my old classmates. [知识拓展] can hardly wait to do sth./can hardly wait for sth./cannot wait to do sth./cannot wait for sth.迫不及待地想做某事 I can hardly wait to see (see) that movie. I can hardly wait for your answer.  4.wherever引导让步状语从句 [教材原句P15]They have a straightforward and freeandeasy attitude towards life，and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went. 他们对生活有一种直率、洒脱的态度，无论我走到哪里，他们的友好和热情都让我感到宾至如归。 [句式分析] 句中wherever I went为wherever引导的让步状语从句。 Wherever the film star goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。 Wherever it is possible，the illustrations are taken from literature. 只要有可能，例证都取自文学作品。 [造句]无论他在哪儿，我都要找到他。 I will find him wherever he may be. [知识拓展] (1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。 (2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 However late he goes home，his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. 不管他多晚回家，母亲总会等他回来一起吃饭。 You can come whenever you want and have whatever you like. 您什么时候想来就来，想吃什么就吃什么。 Whatever decision he made，I would support it. 无论他做出什么决定，我都支持。 Whoever has interest in it can apply for membership. 无论谁对它感兴趣都可以申请成为会员。 单元语法 过去分词用法 过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，因此在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。 [观察例句] 1．When the delayed flight will take off depends mainly on the weather. 2．The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer's games. 3．Seen from the top of the Tiger Hill，the city of Suzhou was very beautiful. 4．I heard the door pulled. 5．She is married. [归纳用法] 1．例句1和例句2中的黑体部分为过去分词(短语)作定语，过去分词一般位于所修饰的名词之前，而过去分词短语通常位于所修饰的名词之后。 2．例句3中的黑体部分为过去分词短语作状语，说明动作发生的时间，用于句首较为常见。 3．例句4中的黑体部分为过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的性状。 4．例句5中的黑体部分为过去分词作表语，表示主语的特征或性状。 一、过去分词作定语 1．过去分词作定语时，相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。 The concert given by their friends was a success. 他们朋友举办的音乐会很成功。 2．单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词后。　 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。 The meeting，attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great hero. (他们举行了)欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 3．过去分词及过去分词短语作定语一般可转换为一个定语从句。 We must adapt our regulations to the changed conditions. ＝We must adapt our regulations to the conditions that have been changed. 我们必须调整规章制度来适应变化了的情况。 4．有些过去分词作前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。 in the given time在既定的时间内 with the words given用所给的单词 a concerned look一个关切的神情 the people concerned有关人士 [名师点津] 及物动词的过去分词除表示“完成”的动作之外，还表示“被动”的意义。如：spoken English(英语口语)；iced beer(冰镇啤酒)；cooked food(熟食)；fried chips(炸土豆条)。不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”意义。如：boiled water(开水)；fallen leaves(落叶)；the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。 二、过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语，总是在系动词be，appear，seem，look，remain，feel，get等之后，通常表示主语所处的状态，这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。常见的有seated，surprised，astonished，amazed，moved，exhausted，worried，devoted，pleased，inspired，encouraged，excited，delighted，satisfied，scared，frightened，disappointed 等。 I am pleased with the result of the experiment. 我对试验结果很满意。 The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。 I hope we can get more involved in our community and our life will be colorful. 我希望我们更多地参与到社区中来，我们的生活将变得丰富多彩。 [名师点津] 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The cup is broken. 杯子破了。(强调杯子的状态) The cup was broken by Jim. 杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调动作) 三、过去分词作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。在下面结构中常用过去分词作补语。 1．在感官动词(see，hear，notice，watch等)和表示心理状态的动词(feel，find等)后。 He watched the TV set carried out of the room. 他看到电视机被搬到房间外面了。 2．表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 I had my leg broken in the football game. 我的腿在足球赛中摔断了。 3．表示思维活动的动词，如consider，know，think等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 I considered the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。 4．表示爱憎、意愿的动词，如want，wish，like，hate等。 I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。 5．在with的复合结构中。 He sat there，with his hands tied behind. 他双手被捆在后面坐在那里。 [名师点津] 过去分词、现在分词与动词不定式作宾语 补足语时的区别 (1)过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或仅仅表示“状态”。 (2)现在分词作宾语补足语表示其与所修饰的词之间为主谓关系。由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。 (3)动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。 四、过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。 (一)过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置 1．过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。 When offered help，one often says “Thank you”or “It's kind of you”．(时间状语) 当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。 Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语)如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。 Greatly inspired by what he did，I joined him in helping others.(原因状语) 在他所做的事情的巨大鼓舞下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。 Visited many times，the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语) 虽然已参观了很多次，这个地方仍值得再来。 He has been preparing his paper all day long，locked in the host.(方式状语) 锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。 The guest walked into the room，greeted by the host.(伴随状语) 客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。 2．过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。 Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 He stood there silently，moved to tears. ＝Moved to tears，he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。 (二)过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况 1．过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。 Seen from the top of the mountain(＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain)，the whole town looks more beautiful. 从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。 Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder. 由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 2．过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。 The teacher came into the room，followed by two students(＝and was followed by two students)． 老师走进了房间，后面跟着两个学生。 He spent the whole afternoon，locked in his study(＝and was locked in his study)． 他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。 3．过去分词作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句连词改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。 Even if I am invited(＝Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party. 即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。 Unless you are asked to speak(＝Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting. 除非被要求发言，在会上你应该保持沉默。 4．过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立结构。过去分词(短语)的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。 The test finished，we began our holiday. 测试结束了，我们开始放假了。 More time given，we could have done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。 (三)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 现在分词与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。 1．现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成、表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。 Walkingalong the street，I met a friend of mine. 沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。 Having finished their work，they went home to have a rest. 完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。 2．过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Givenmore attention，the tree could have grown better.如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。 Grownin rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1.The restaurant is not 　　　(license) to sell spirits(烈酒).  2.Accidents on that highway are happening with increasing 　　　 (frequent).  3.The city was filled with 　　　(violent) and crime everywhere.  4.He has been kept 　　　prison for weeks without enough food and becomes very thin now.  5.　　　 attracted me about the trip was that it was to a place I would never visit by myself.  6.The 　　　(猛烈的) blow sent him down on his knees.  7.Every year, thousands of sea turtles 　　　(孵化) on the beaches of Florida.  8.We have rented a store, and now we are applying for a 　　　(执照) to sell wine.  9.They will go into a secret 　　　(会议) to discuss how to deal with the event.  10.There are many beautifully 　　　(decorate) houses in this area.  11.What I want you to realize is that where you are right now is　　　 (暂时的).   12.There will be a dangerous new 　　　(时期), and we should be well prepared for it.  13.The branch has separated from the 　　　(树干) of the tree.  14.Our English teacher said that he had a great 　　　(能力) for learning languages.  15.He is an environmentalist(环境保护论者) with a passion for 　　　 (生物学) and geography.  16.He was born in the purple and was brought up in the 　　　(宏伟的) palace.  17.Such 　　　(fence) are fairly functional, but are unattractive and wasteful of land.  18.The Red Cross organized the 　　　(distribute)of food and clothing in the disaster area.  Ⅱ . 用所给短语的适当形式填空 sum up, find one's way, come across, a handful of, at birth, be home to, in the interest of 1.This region with unusual geological features 　　　　　　　　a number of endangered species.  2.It may take 5 or more years for the technology to 　　　　　　from laboratories into hospitals.   3.This measure is 　　　　　　　　developing countries and can boost international cooperation on climate change.  4.What matters is that you should know how to deal with them when you 　　　　　　　　situations like these again.  5.She invited loads of friends to her party, but only 　　　　　　　　them turned up, which made her very disappointed.   6.Doctors say the disease is probably inherited but not detectable 　　　　　　　　.  7.At last, please let me take a minute to 　　　　　　what we've learned from this discussion.  Ⅲ . 单句语法填空 1.After they studied the map, they found the 　　　　(distribute) of this species across the world.  2.Dr. Emily Howard Stowe became the second woman 　　　　　　(license)to practice medicine in Canada in 1880.  3.Fatal road accidents have decreased in 　　　　(frequent) over recent years.  4.They claim that some computer games encourage 　　　　(violence) behaviour in children.  5.Having so many years of experience, he has the capacity 　　　　(organize) the Chinese painting exhibition to be held on Friday perfectly.  6.The fact is 　　　　computers are of great help to the development of science and technology. 7 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$ Unit 2 Iconic Attractions【速记清单】（解析版） 2024-2025学年高二英语单元速记·巧练（人教版2019选择性必修四册） 单元重点单词短语句型语法 考点词汇 1. foundation n. 创建；基础；地基；基金会 The foundation of Australia(教材P14)澳大利亚的创建 情景导学 Our school offers a wide variety of courses for students，providing/laying a solid foundation for future study. 我们学校为学生提供了各种各样的课程，为今后的学习打下坚实的基础。 With respect and friendship，nothing can shake/rock the foundation of our coopera- tion. 有了尊重与友谊，就没有什么能够动摇我们合作的基础。 用法归纳 ①provide/lay a. . . foundation 　for   . . . 为……打下……基础 ②shake/rock the foundation 　of   . . . 动摇……的基础 ③be without foundation 没有根据 词汇拓展 ①found v. 建立；创办；创建 ②founder n. 创办者；创建者；发起人 Zhang Guimei，founder and principal of the first free high school for girls in China， often works overtime despite suffering from several kinds of illnesses. 张桂梅是中国第一所女子免费高中的创始人兼校长,尽管患有多种疾病，但她经常加班 特别提醒 ①found(创建)的过去式及过去分词：founded；founded。 ②find(发现)的过去式及过去分词：found；found。 2. located adj. 位于 Located to the south of the equator，below many other countries on the globe，it’s often informally referred to as “down under”. (教材P14) (澳大利亚)位于赤道以南，并在地球上许多其他国家的下方，它常被非正式地称为 “down under”。 情景导学 Being surrounded by green mountains and located at the foot of Lushan Mountain make it a famous tourist attraction. 绿山环绕，位于庐山脚下，使得它成为著名的旅游景点。 (写作—旅游) 用法归纳 be located in/on/　at    . . . 坐落于……；位于……词汇拓展 ①location n. 位置 Citizens can request location data from their mobile phone carrier to show they have not been to affected areas. 市民可以向移动电话运营商要求获得位置数据，以表明他们没有去过疫区。 (写作—疫情防控) ②locate v. 找出……的准确位置；把……安置在(或建造于)；创办于(某地) One outstanding feature of the DF-41 ballistic missile is its ability to locate the accurate position of the target. 东风-41弹道导弹的一个突出特点是具有确定目标的准确位置的能力。 3. straightforward adj. 坦率的；简单的 They have a straightforward and free-and-easy attitude towards life. . . (教材P15) 他们对待生活的态度简单直率、随性洒脱…… 词汇拓展 ①straightforwardness n. 直爽；坦率；坦诚，率直 They were impressed by his sincerity and straightforwardness. 他的诚恳和坦率给他们留下了很深的印象。 ②straightforwardly adv. 直接地；正直地；直截了当地 His friend said straightforwardly that he was not good enough. 他的朋友直截了当地说他不够好。 4. entitle vt. 给……命名(或题名)；使享有权利；使符合资格 Ethnic minority groups in China are often entitled to special funds from the govern- ment to help protect their cultural heritage. (教材P16) 在中国，少数民族群体往往有权从政府获得专项资金，来帮助保护其文化遗产。 情景导学 This kind of ticket does not entitle you to travel first class. 你拿这种票不能坐头等舱。 Professor Wang’s speech today is entitled “My People，My Country”. 王教授今天的演讲题目是《我和我的祖国》。 In China，male workers are usually entitled to the pension when they reach 60. 在中国，当男性职工年满60岁时，通常就有资格享受养老金。 用法归纳 ①entitle sb. 　to do  sth. 使某人享有做某事的权利 ②entitle sb. to. . . 使某人享有某种权利(被动语态为sb. be entitled to. . . ) ③be entitled. . . 题目是……；被命名为…… 5. dive vi. & n. 潜水；跳水；俯冲 Visitors to the beaches can enjoy many activities，including diving，kayaking，and rock climbing. (教材P16) 到海滩的游客可以享受很多活动，包括潜水、皮划艇和攀岩。 情景导学 The two boys dived into the river. 这两个男孩一头扎进河里。 Diving off the high platform is very exciting. 从高台跳入水中非常令人兴奋。 The goalkeeper saw the ball coming towards the goal and made a dive for it. 守门员看见球向球门冲来，就扑了过去。 Many people think the housing price may take a dive. 很多人认为房价可能会暴跌。 用法归纳 ①dive 　into    迅速把手伸入；跳入水中(头朝下) ②dive off. . . 从……跳入水中 ③go diving去潜水 ④make a dive 　for    . . . 扑向；冲向 ⑤take a dive突然下降，暴跌 6. freedom n. 自由；不受……影响的状态 . . . but special parks have been set up to protect their safety and freedom. (教材P16) ……但是特殊的公园已经被建立来保护它们的安全和自由。 情景导学 Today，people have the freedom of speech/expression/thought. 现在，人们有言论/表达/思想自由。 Although students are given the freedom to dress themselves，plain and simple clothes are commonly believed to be appropriate for school wear. 虽然学生在学校可以自由着装，但人们普遍认为朴素的衣服适合在学校里穿。     (写作—校园生活) 用法归纳 ①freedom 　of   speech/expression/thought 言论/表达/思想自由 ②the freedom 　to do    sth. 做某事的自由词汇拓展 ①free adj. 自由的；免费的；随心所欲的；不受……伤害(或影响等)的 v. 释放；使自由；解放 ◆be free to do sth. 自由地做某事 Our English teacher creates a friendly and relaxing atmosphere in the class where we are free to express ourselves. 我们的英语老师在课堂上创造了一种友好和令人放松的氛围，我们可以自由地表达自己。(写作—钦佩的人) ◆be free of/from. . . 不受……伤害(或影响等)的 Fruit juices，milk-based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax. 果汁、以牛奶为主的饮料和大多数酒精饮料是免税的。(2022全国乙) ◆for free/free of charge免费 He offered to fix bikes free of charge for anyone who needed it. 他主动提出免费为任何有需要的人修理自行车。 (2021天津3月) ②freely adv. 自由地；慷慨地；自愿地 7. a flock of 一群(羊或鸟) a flock of sheep(教材P18)一群羊 特别提醒 “a flock of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词使用单复数均可。使用单数时，是将其视为一个整体来考虑；使用复数时，侧重考虑其中的个体。 A flock of wild geese flying along in a V formation is/are heading south for the winter. 一群大雁排成V字形飞向南方过冬。 词汇拓展 ①flocks of. . . 大群的(人) She was suddenly surrounded by flocks of excited fans. 她突然被大群兴奋的粉丝包围了。 ②a group of. . . 一群(人或物) ③a crowd of. . . 一群(人) 8. distribution n. 分布；分配；分发 It has to be the kangaroo，as it has a wide distribution throughout the country. (教材P19)必须是袋鼠，因为这种动物广泛分布于全国。 情景导学 Experts said they believed the distribution of digital talents in China will become more equal. 专家指出，他们认为在中国，数字人才的分配将变得更加平等。 用法归纳 the distribution of. . . ……的分配 词汇拓展 ◆distribute v. 分发，分配 ◆distribute. . . to. . . 把……分给…… He helped the teacher distribute the donated books to children in remote areas. 他帮助老师把这些捐赠的书分发给偏远地区的孩子们。 ◆distribute. . . among. . . 在……中分配…… The money was distributed among schools in the area. 这笔款项是在本地区的学校中分配的。 9. frequency n. 发生率；重复率；频率 . . . they are handled for only a limited time and on a limited frequency of occasions. (教材P20)……它们只能在有限的时间和限频率的场合被触摸。 情景导学 The frequency of airplane crashes is basically random but they do sometimes come in bunches. 飞机坠毁的频率基本上是随机的，但有时确实会成批发生。 You can’t hear waves of such a high frequency. 你是无法听到如此高频率的声波的。 用法归纳 ①the frequency 　of   . . . ……的频率 ②a high/low frequency高频率/低频率 词汇拓展 ①frequent adj. 频繁的，经常发生的 vt. 常去，常到(某处) ◆a frequent visitor常客 ②frequently adv. 频繁地，经常地 Travelling to conferences，lectures，workshops，and the like—frequently by plane— has been viewed as important for scientists to get together and exchange information. 经常乘飞机参加会议、讲座、研讨会等活动被视为科学家聚会和交流信息的重要方式。 (2022浙江1月) ③infrequent adj. 不常发生的，罕见的 10. violent adj. 暴力的；猛烈的 Fortunately，despite their name，they are generally not violent towards people. (教材P20)幸运的是，尽管它们的名字听起来很吓人，但它们通常对人不凶。 词汇拓展 ①violence n. 暴力；暴行 We hope one day all the violence and poverty will be wiped out in the whole world and we can live a really harmonious life. 我们希望有一天整个世界上所有的暴力和贫穷都将被消灭，我们可以过上真正和谐的生活。 ②violently adv. 激烈地；猛烈地；暴力地 Many of the only children are so accustomed to being praised that they react violently when they hear something different. 许多独生子女都习惯受到表扬，以至于当他们听到不同的声音时，他们会做出激烈的反应。 11. capacity n. 能力；容量 It has a capacity to find food in the water by using electrical sensors in its bill. (教材P21)它能通过利用喙上的电子传感器在水中寻找食物。 情景导学 Human beings are set apart from animals because they have the capacity to think deeply. 人类不同于动物是因为他们有深度思考的能力。 Though the theater has a seating capacity of 800，there are still not enough seats for the event. 虽然剧院可容纳800人，但对于此次活动来说座位仍然不够。 用法归纳 ①have a capacity 　of    . . . 有……的容量 ②have a/the capacity 　to do    /for (doing) sth. 有能力做某事 词汇拓展 ◆capable adj. 有能力的；有才能的 ◆be capable of (doing)sth. 有能力做某事 A qualified teacher is capable of expecting students’ needs. 一个合格的教师能够预见学生的需要。 12. prison n. 监狱；监禁 Special tiger reserves with fences have greatly improved the distribution of the wild tiger population across India，and local police are now entitled to give longer prison sentences to hunters. (教材P22) 有围栏的特殊老虎保护区大大改善了印度各地野生虎数量的分布，当地警方现在有权对捕猎者判处更长的刑期。 情景导学 He was sent to prison for spreading rumors. 他因传播谣言被捕入狱。 They went to prison because they broke the law. 他们坐了牢，因为他们触犯了法律。 The love and support of his family sustained him during his time in prison. 家人的关爱和支持支撑他度过了狱中的岁月。 用法归纳 ①　in    prison在监狱里(反义短语：out of prison出狱) ②be sent 　to     prison被送进监狱 ③escape from prison越狱 ④go 　to    prison入狱；被监禁 ⑤put sb. in prison把某人关进监狱 特别提醒 prison前使用定冠词the，表示去监狱 (探监，去监狱上班)等，不表示“蹲监狱”。 go to the prison(因某事)去监狱；in the prison 在监狱中(工作等)。 词汇拓展 ◆prisoner n. 囚犯；犯人；俘虏；战俘 They are demanding the release of all political prisoners. 他们正在要求释放所有的政治犯。 考点句型 1.It is said that. . . 据说…… It is said that now nearly half of all Australian citizens were either born overseas or have parents who were born overseas. (教材P15) 据说，现在所有澳大利亚公民中，有近一半的公民要么自己出生在海外，要么父母出生在海外。 用法归纳 本句是一个主从复合句。It is said 是主句，其中 It 是　形式    主语，指代后面 的 that 引导的　主语   从句，who 引导的是　定语    从句，修饰 parents。 结构拓展 ◆It’s reported that. . . 据报道…… It’s reported that two schools，both of which are being built in my hometown，will open next year. 据报道，我的家乡正在兴建的两所学校将于明年开放。 ◆It’s hoped that. . . 人们希望…… It’s hoped that the new museum will be a big hit with families. 人们希望新博物馆能受到家庭的热烈欢迎。 ◆It's announced that. . . 据宣布…… It's announced that we shall have our final exam next month. 据宣布我们下个月要进行期末考试。 ◆It's believed that. . . 人们认为/相信…… It's believed that a new kind of drug is being developed by the scientists and they are hopeful that they will succeed in a couple of months. 据信，科学家们正在开发一种新型药物，他们希望在几个月内取得成功。 2.It’s time (for sb. ) to do sth. 该是(某人)做某事的时候了 It’s almost time for me to say goodbye to Australia. (教材P15) 差不多是我向澳大利亚道别的时候了。 结构拓展 ◆It’s high/about time that. . . 该是……的时候了 It is high/about time that we students took the graduation exams. 该是我们这些学生参加毕业考试的时候了。 ◆It’s time that. . . 是时候……了 It is time that we made a decision. 是我们做出决定的时候了。 特别提醒 在It’s (high/about)time that. . . 后的that从句中要使用虚拟语气。从句谓语通常使用 一般过去时，有时也可用“should+动词原形”形式作谓语。 ◆It is time for sth. 该……了 It’s time for school. 到了上学的时候了。 It’s time for supper. 到了吃晚饭的时候了。 3.can't wait to do sth.迫不及待地想做某事 [教材原句P14] I can't wait to see all of them!  我迫不及待地要看到所有这些东西！ [句式分析] 句中can't wait to do sth.表示“迫不及待地想做某事”。 I can't wait to get out of these wet clothes. 我迫不及待地要脱下这些湿衣服。  We can hardly wait to see them! 我们迫不及待地想要见到他们！ [造句]　我急切地想见到我的老同学们。 I can't wait to meet my old classmates. [知识拓展] can hardly wait to do sth./can hardly wait for sth./cannot wait to do sth./cannot wait for sth.迫不及待地想做某事 I can hardly wait to see (see) that movie. I can hardly wait for your answer.  4.wherever引导让步状语从句 [教材原句P15]They have a straightforward and freeandeasy attitude towards life，and their friendliness and warmth made me feel at home wherever I went. 他们对生活有一种直率、洒脱的态度，无论我走到哪里，他们的友好和热情都让我感到宾至如归。 [句式分析] 句中wherever I went为wherever引导的让步状语从句。 Wherever the film star goes，there are crowds of people waiting to see her. 这位电影明星所到之处都有成群的人等着见她。 Wherever it is possible，the illustrations are taken from literature. 只要有可能，例证都取自文学作品。 [造句]无论他在哪儿，我都要找到他。 I will find him wherever he may be. [知识拓展] (1)whenever，wherever，however引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter when/where/how。 (2)whatever，whoever，whichever，whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whom。 However late he goes home，his mother will wait for him to have dinner together. 不管他多晚回家，母亲总会等他回来一起吃饭。 You can come whenever you want and have whatever you like. 您什么时候想来就来，想吃什么就吃什么。 Whatever decision he made，I would support it. 无论他做出什么决定，我都支持。 Whoever has interest in it can apply for membership. 无论谁对它感兴趣都可以申请成为会员。 单元语法 过去分词用法 过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词是一种非谓语动词，在句中不能单独做谓语。但它具有形容词和副词的特性，因此在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。 [观察例句] 1．When the delayed flight will take off depends mainly on the weather. 2．The players selected from the whole country are expected to bring us honour in this summer's games. 3．Seen from the top of the Tiger Hill，the city of Suzhou was very beautiful. 4．I heard the door pulled. 5．She is married. [归纳用法] 1．例句1和例句2中的黑体部分为过去分词(短语)作定语，过去分词一般位于所修饰的名词之前，而过去分词短语通常位于所修饰的名词之后。 2．例句3中的黑体部分为过去分词短语作状语，说明动作发生的时间，用于句首较为常见。 3．例句4中的黑体部分为过去分词作宾语补足语，说明宾语的性状。 4．例句5中的黑体部分为过去分词作表语，表示主语的特征或性状。 一、过去分词作定语 1．过去分词作定语时，相当于形容词，其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词。分词所表示的动作与其所修饰的名词构成动宾关系。 The concert given by their friends was a success. 他们朋友举办的音乐会很成功。 2．单个的过去分词作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词前；而过去分词短语作定语时，常常置于其所修饰的名词后。　 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。 The meeting，attended by over five thousand people，welcomed the great hero. (他们举行了)欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。 3．过去分词及过去分词短语作定语一般可转换为一个定语从句。 We must adapt our regulations to the changed conditions. ＝We must adapt our regulations to the conditions that have been changed. 我们必须调整规章制度来适应变化了的情况。 4．有些过去分词作前置定语与后置定语时意义不同。 in the given time在既定的时间内 with the words given用所给的单词 a concerned look一个关切的神情 the people concerned有关人士 [名师点津] 及物动词的过去分词除表示“完成”的动作之外，还表示“被动”的意义。如：spoken English(英语口语)；iced beer(冰镇啤酒)；cooked food(熟食)；fried chips(炸土豆条)。不及物动词的过去分词常表示“完成”的动作，而不表示“被动”意义。如：boiled water(开水)；fallen leaves(落叶)；the risen sun(升起的太阳)等。 二、过去分词作表语 过去分词作表语，总是在系动词be，appear，seem，look，remain，feel，get等之后，通常表示主语所处的状态，这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。常见的有seated，surprised，astonished，amazed，moved，exhausted，worried，devoted，pleased，inspired，encouraged，excited，delighted，satisfied，scared，frightened，disappointed 等。 I am pleased with the result of the experiment. 我对试验结果很满意。 The door remained locked. 门仍然锁着。 I hope we can get more involved in our community and our life will be colorful. 我希望我们更多地参与到社区中来，我们的生活将变得丰富多彩。 [名师点津] 过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态；动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。 The cup is broken. 杯子破了。(强调杯子的状态) The cup was broken by Jim. 杯子是吉姆打破的。(强调动作) 三、过去分词作宾语补足语 能用作宾语补足语的过去分词一般都是及物动词，表示被动意义或已完成意义，有时候两者兼而有之。作宾语补足语的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。在下面结构中常用过去分词作补语。 1．在感官动词(see，hear，notice，watch等)和表示心理状态的动词(feel，find等)后。 He watched the TV set carried out of the room. 他看到电视机被搬到房间外面了。 2．表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，make，get，keep，leave等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 I had my leg broken in the football game. 我的腿在足球赛中摔断了。 3．表示思维活动的动词，如consider，know，think等后可接过去分词作宾语补足语。 I considered the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。 4．表示爱憎、意愿的动词，如want，wish，like，hate等。 I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。 5．在with的复合结构中。 He sat there，with his hands tied behind. 他双手被捆在后面坐在那里。 [名师点津] 过去分词、现在分词与动词不定式作宾语 补足语时的区别 (1)过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“被动和完成”含义，或仅仅表示“状态”。 (2)现在分词作宾语补足语表示其与所修饰的词之间为主谓关系。由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语，表示过程的一部分；而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语，表示动作的反复。 (3)动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。 四、过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。 (一)过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置 1．过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。 When offered help，one often says “Thank you”or “It's kind of you”．(时间状语) 当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank you”或“It's kind of you”。 Given another chance，I will do it much better.(条件状语)如果再给我一次机会，我会做得更好。 Greatly inspired by what he did，I joined him in helping others.(原因状语) 在他所做的事情的巨大鼓舞下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。 Visited many times，the place is still worth visiting again.(让步状语) 虽然已参观了很多次，这个地方仍值得再来。 He has been preparing his paper all day long，locked in the host.(方式状语) 锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。 The guest walked into the room，greeted by the host.(伴随状语) 客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。 2．过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。 Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet. 因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。 He stood there silently，moved to tears. ＝Moved to tears，he stood there silently. 他静静地站在那里，被感动得热泪盈眶。 (二)过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况 1．过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。 Seen from the top of the mountain(＝When it is seen from the top of the mountain)，the whole town looks more beautiful. 从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。 Encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder.＝As he is encouraged by the progress he has made，he works harder. 由于受到所取得进步的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。 2．过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。 The teacher came into the room，followed by two students(＝and was followed by two students)． 老师走进了房间，后面跟着两个学生。 He spent the whole afternoon，locked in his study(＝and was locked in his study)． 他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。 3．过去分词作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句连词改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。 Even if I am invited(＝Even if invited)，I will not take part in the party. 即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。 Unless you are asked to speak(＝Unless asked to speak)，you should remain silent at the meeting. 除非被要求发言，在会上你应该保持沉默。 4．过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立结构。过去分词(短语)的独立结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。 The test finished，we began our holiday. 测试结束了，我们开始放假了。 More time given，we could have done it much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。 (三)现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别 现在分词与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。 1．现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式doing；如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成、表示主动就用having done，表示被动就用having been done。 Walkingalong the street，I met a friend of mine. 沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。 Having finished their work，they went home to have a rest. 完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。 2．过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。 Givenmore attention，the tree could have grown better.如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。 Grownin rich soil，these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。 Ⅰ. 单词拼写 1.The restaurant is not 　　　(license) to sell spirits(烈酒).  2.Accidents on that highway are happening with increasing 　　　 (frequent).  3.The city was filled with 　　　(violent) and crime everywhere.  4.He has been kept 　　　prison for weeks without enough food and becomes very thin now.  5.　　　 attracted me about the trip was that it was to a place I would never visit by myself.  6.The 　　　(猛烈的) blow sent him down on his knees.  7.Every year, thousands of sea turtles 　　　(孵化) on the beaches of Florida.  8.We have rented a store, and now we are applying for a 　　　(执照) to sell wine.  9.They will go into a secret 　　　(会议) to discuss how to deal with the event.  10.There are many beautifully 　　　(decorate) houses in this area.  11.What I want you to realize is that where you are right now is　　　 (暂时的).   12.There will be a dangerous new 　　　(时期), and we should be well prepared for it.  13.The branch has separated from the 　　　(树干) of the tree.  14.Our English teacher said that he had a great 　　　(能力) for learning languages.  15.He is an environmentalist(环境保护论者) with a passion for 　　　 (生物学) and geography.  16.He was born in the purple and was brought up in the 　　　(宏伟的) palace.  17.Such 　　　(fence) are fairly functional, but are unattractive and wasteful of land.  18.The Red Cross organized the 　　　(distribute)of food and clothing in the disaster area.  答案：1.licensed 2.frequency 3.violence 4.in 5.What 6.violent　 7.hatch　 8.license　9.session 10.decorated 11.temporary　12.phase 13.trunk　14.capacity　15.biology　16.grand　17.fences 18.distribution Ⅱ . 用所给短语的适当形式填空 sum up, find one's way, come across, a handful of, at birth, be home to, in the interest of 1.This region with unusual geological features 　　　　　　　　a number of endangered species.  2.It may take 5 or more years for the technology to 　　　　　　from laboratories into hospitals.   3.This measure is 　　　　　　　　developing countries and can boost international cooperation on climate change.  4.What matters is that you should know how to deal with them when you 　　　　　　　　situations like these again.  5.She invited loads of friends to her party, but only 　　　　　　　　them turned up, which made her very disappointed.   6.Doctors say the disease is probably inherited but not detectable 　　　　　　　　.  7.At last, please let me take a minute to 　　　　　　what we've learned from this discussion.  答案：1.is home to 2.find its way 3.in the interest of 4.come across 5.a handful of 6.at birth 7.sum up Ⅲ . 单句语法填空 1.After they studied the map, they found the 　　　　(distribute) of this species across the world.  2.Dr. Emily Howard Stowe became the second woman 　　　　　　(license)to practice medicine in Canada in 1880.  3.Fatal road accidents have decreased in 　　　　(frequent) over recent years.  4.They claim that some computer games encourage 　　　　(violence) behaviour in children.  5.Having so many years of experience, he has the capacity 　　　　(organize) the Chinese painting exhibition to be held on Friday perfectly.  6.The fact is 　　　　computers are of great help to the development of science and technology. 答案：1.distribution　考查词形转换。句意:他们研究了地图后,发现了这个物种在全世界的分布。根据the和of可知空处应用名词,distribution表示"分布"。 2.to be licensed　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,woman被序数词second修饰,故空处应用动词不定式作后置定语,且the second woman和license之间为被动关系,故用动词不定式的被动形式。 3.frequency　考查词形转换。句意:近年来致命交通事故发生率已经下降。分析句子结构可知,此处应用名词,frequency表示"发生率,出现率"。 4.violent　考查词形转换。句意:他们声称有些电脑游戏会助长儿童的暴力行为。分析句子结构可知,此处应用形容词作定语修饰名词。 5.to organize　考查非谓语动词。句意:有多年的经验,他有能力完美地组织即将在周五举行的中国绘画展览。have the capacity to do sth."有能力做某事"为固定用法,故填to organize。  6.that　考查表语从句。句意:事实是计算机对科学技术的发展是有很大帮助的。分析句子结构可知,空处引导表语从句且从句成分和意思完整,故用that引导该表语从句。that在表语从句中无实义,只起连接作用,且常不可省略。 ( 7 / 9 ) 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $$