内容正文:
Unit 2 No Rules No Order
重点语法精讲精练(讲义)
一、祈使句
一、语法概述
祈使句表达请求、命令、警告、劝告、禁止等含义。一般以动词原形开头,常省略主语 “you”,句末用感叹号或句号,读时常用降调。
Go and wash your hands. 去洗手。(命令)
Be quiet, please.请安静。(请求)
Be kind to your sisters.对姐妹要和善。(劝告)
Watch your steps.走路小心。(警告)
Look out! Danger!小心!危险!(强烈警告)
Keep off the grass. 勿践踏草坪。(禁止)
Open the door,please.请把门打开。
Don't forget to take your medicine,Alice.爱丽丝,不要忘记吃药。
二、祈使句的类型
1.Do 型
肯定形式:实义动词原形 + 其他。例如:Open the door!(打开门!)
否定形式:Don't + 实义动词原形 + 其他。例如:Don't forget to turn off the lights.(别忘了关灯。)
Listen to me carefully,please.请仔细听我讲。
Don't do it like that!不要那样做!
Mary,don't be late for class again.玛丽,上课不要再迟到了。(容易错用 doesn't)
【即学即练】
1.—________ your homework here tomorrow, Lucy.
—All right, Ms Li.
A.Bring B.Brings C.To bring D.Bringing
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——露西,明天把你的作业带来。——好的,李老师。
考查祈使句。根据“... your homework here tomorrow, Lucy.”是祈使句可知,动词要用原形。故选A。
2. Be 型
肯定形式:Be + 形容词。例如:Be careful!(小心!)
否定形式:Don't + e + 形容词。例如:Don't be lazy.(别偷懒。)
Be quiet,boys and girls!大家安静!
【即学即练】
1.______ quiet, please. You are in the library.
A.Keep B.To keep C.Keeping D.Keeps
【答案】A
【详解】句意:请保持安静。你在图书馆。
考查祈使句。根据“You are in the library.”可知,在图书馆要保持安静,此处是祈使句的肯定形式,动词用原形。故选A。
3. Let 型
肯定形式:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:Let's play football.(咱们踢足球吧。)
否定形式:
Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:Don't let the dog in the house.(别让狗进屋子。)
Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:Let him not go out alone.(别让他一个人出去。)
Let them not go out for a walk.It is raining.让他们别出去散步了。下雨了。
【即学即练】
1.(24-25七年级上·广东珠海·阶段练习)Let’s ________ the return (回归) of the panda Fu Bao.
A.welcome B.to welcome C.welcomes D.welcoming
【答案】A
【详解】句意:让我们欢迎熊猫福宝的归来。
考查祈使句。let sb do sth“让某人做某事”,此空应填动词原形,故选A。
4. No 型
结构:No + 名词/动词 - ing。例如:No parking.(禁止停车。);No littering.(禁止乱扔垃圾。)
No photos.不许拍照。
No parking!禁止停车!
No parking here.此处不准停车。
5.其他
形式:直接用名词、副词或 “名词 + 副词” 等。例如:Attention!(注意!);Forward!(向前!);Hands down!(把手放下!)
三、难点突破
祈使句与复合句的转换
if引导的条件状语从句可以转换成“祈使句+and/or+简单句”结构。
If you don't hurry, you'll not catch the early bus.
=Hurry up,or you'll not catch the early bus.如果你不快点,就赶不上早班公交车了。
If you work harder, you'll catch up with your classmates.
=Work harder,and you'll catch up with your classmates.如果你再努力些,你就会赶上你的同学。
拓展
1.强调:有时为强调,可在句首加 “Do” 或将祈使句的主语表示出来。例如:Do come in.(务必进来。);You clean the classroom.(你打扫教室。)
2.委婉客气:为使祈使句语气委婉、客气,可在句首或句末加 “please”,当 “please” 用在句末时,常用逗号与其余部分隔开。例如:Please pass me the book.(请递给我那本书。);Come in, please.(请进。)
巧学妙记
祈使句表命令,还表请求或建议。
动词原形放句首,主语是 you 常省去。
Don't 置前表否定,let 否定有两种。
想要客气 please,Do 置开头强语气。
祈使句的回答
1.由于祈使句所表达的动作是还未发生的,因此对它的应答通常要用“一般将来时”回答时一般用 “will” 或 “won't”。回答肯定形式的祈使句用 “will”,回答否定形式的祈使句用 “won't”。
—Please turn off the light when you go out.当你出去的时候请关上灯。
—OK,I will.好的,我会的。
Don't be late any more.不要再迟到了。
Sorry,I won't.对不起,我不会再迟到了。
2.以let开头的句式的肯定回答多用“Good idea.”,否定用“ Sorry,...”
—Let's chat on the Internet.我们上网聊天吧。
—Good idea.好主意。
【即学即练】一
一、用所给词的正确的形式填空。
1. (not eat) in class.
2. We must (be) careful when we cross the street.
3. It’s important for us (learn) English carefully.
4. No (swim) in the river.
5. (listen) to the teacher carefully.
【答案】
1. Don’t eat (not eat) in class.
2. We must be (be) careful when we cross the street.
3. It’s important for us to learn (learn) English carefully.
4. No swimming (swim) in the river.
5. Listen (listen) to the teacher carefully.
二、单项选择。
1.It’s snowing. Please ________ warm clothes.
A.wear B.wears C.wearing D.to wear
【答案】A
【详解】句意:正在下雪,请穿上暖和的衣服。
考查祈使句。分析句子可知,本句是祈使句,以动词原形开头。故选A。
2.Bill, ________ talk in class. We must listen ________ the teacher.
A.doesn’t; with B.doesn’t; to C.don’t; with D.don’t; to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:比尔,不要在课堂上说话。我们必须听老师讲课。
考查祈使句和介词。第一空结合句意可知,此处是对比尔的建议,属于祈使句,否定祈使句以don’t开头,意为“不要”;第二空,listen to“听……”,固定搭配。故选D。
3.________ me a postcard when you get to Australia. Don’t forget it!
A.To send B.Sends
C.Sending D.Send
【答案】D
【详解】句意:你到澳大利亚后给我寄张明信片。别忘了!
考查祈使句。句子是祈使句,应用动词原形开头,故选D。
4.Jim, ________ read in the sun. It’s bad for your eyes.
A.can’t B.isn’t C.doesn’t D.don’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:吉姆,不要在阳光下看书。这对你的眼睛不好。
考查祈使句的否定形式。根据“… read in the sun”可知,此句为祈使句;由“It’s bad for your eyes.”可知,对眼睛不好,因此可以判断句子应是祈使句的否定形式,表示不要在阳光下看书,因此在动词前加don’t。故选D。
5.Mary, ________ to the teacher, please.
A.listening B.listens C.to listen D.listen
【答案】D
【详解】句意:玛丽,请听老师说。
考查祈使句。根据“Mary,”可知,句子是祈使句,应以动词原形开头,故选D。
情态动词can/must/have to
一、can的用法
can是情态动词,意为"能;会",表示某人或某物具备的能力,还可用来提出请求,没有人称和数的变化,后面直接接动词原形。下面来看一下它的具体用法。
1. 表示有能力做某事,意为"能;会"。
I can speak English.我会讲英语。
He can play basketball.他会打篮球。[来
2. 表示许可,意为"可以"。
You can sit here.你可以坐在这儿。
3. 情态动词can表示推测,意为"可能",常用语否定句、疑问句中。
It can’t be a cat. It has a short tail. 它不可能是猫,它有一个短尾巴。
辨析:can和be able to的区别
情态动词
用法
can
只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
be able to
可用于各种时态。表示经过努力做成某事只能用 be able to.
Will you be able to camera the lecture tomorrow?明天你能把讲座录下来吗?
【即学即练】
1.Pigeons ________ fly at speeds of over 100km per hour. That’s as fast as my dad’s car!
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:鸽子能以每小时100多公里的速度飞行。跟我爸的车一样快!
考查情态动词。must必须;mustn’t不能;can可以,能;can’t不可以。根据“That’s as fast as my dad’s car!”可知,鸽子能以每小时100多公里的速度飞行。故选C。
2.— ________ Tom draw pictures well?
— Yes, he can. He likes it.
A.Can B.Does C.Would D.Is
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——汤姆可以画得好吗?——是的,他可以。他喜欢画画。
考查一般疑问句及情态动词。Can能;Does助动词do的第三人称单数现在时形式,无含义;Would将会;Is是。根据“Yes, he can.”可知,空处应提问“汤姆能画得好的吗”,用情态动词can提问。故选A。
二、must的用法
(1)must表示主观义务,意思是"应该,必须",其否定式mustn’t意为"不应该,不准"。情态动词不能单独作谓语动词,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。
We must get there before five o’clock. 我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。
You mustn’t break the rules. 你不要破坏规定。
He must have seen the film last night. 他昨天晚上肯定看了那场电影。
You must read a book before you watch TV. 在看电视前你必须读书。
对用must所提问题的否定回答,常用needn’t或don’t have to,意思为:不必。
Must I stay here after school? 放学后我还得留在这儿吗?
No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 不了,没有必要。
(2)must表示推测,意思为:一定,必定(只用于肯定句中)。
He must be our headmaster. 他肯定是我们的校长。
(3)must用于否定句时,mustn’t意为"不允许,禁止",而不表示"不必"。
You mustn’t be late for school. 你千万不要上学迟到。
(4)以must开头的一般疑问句,若作否定回答,可以用needn’t或don’t have to,不用mustn’t。
—Must I clean all the rooms? 我必须打扫所有的房间吗?
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to. 不,你不必。
【即学即练】
1.—It’s been raining a lot this year, and I always have to go to school in the rain.
—I’m sorry to hear that. You ________ be tired of the rain.
A.can B.should C.must D.will
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——今年一直在下雨,我总是要在雨中去上学。——听到这个消息我很难过。你肯定非常厌倦下雨了。
考查情态动词辨析。can能;should应该;must肯定;will将。根据“...I always have to go to school in the rain.”可知,我经常冒着雨去上学,你一定很讨厌下雨,must“一定”符合语境。故选C。
2.—Must I finish the school project today?
—No, you ________. You may do it tomorrow since you are a little tired today.
A.must B.need C.mustn’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我今天必须完成学校的作业吗?——不,你不需要。既然你今天有点累,你可以明天再做。
考查情态动词。must必须;need需要;mustn’t不可以;needn’t不需要。结合“Must I finish the school project today?”是对“Must”位于句首的一般疑问句,其肯定回答为“Yes, you must”,而否定回答为“No, you needn’t”。结合“No, you...”可知,该处是否定回答。故选D。
3.(24-25七年级上·上海虹口·期中)To ensure the safety of all students, the school has a rule that you __________ leave the classroom during the class without permission.
A.must B.mustn’t C.don’t have to D.can
【答案】B
【详解】句意:为了确保所有学生的安全,学校有一条规定,上课期间未经允许,你不得离开教室。
考查情态动词。must必须;mustn’t禁止,不允许;don’t have to不必;can可以。根据“To ensure the safety of all students”及“without permission”可知,上课期间未经允许,禁止离开教室,mustn’t符合语境。故选B。
3、 have to的用法
表示客观要求,意思为:不得不;必须;除此之外,别无选择。使用have to应注意以下几点:
(1)have to后接动词原形,意为"必须做……;不得不做……"。
We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. 家里没有食物了,汤姆你得去买一些来。
(2)have to 有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has to。
She has to help her mom make dinner. 她不得不帮她妈妈做晚饭。
There’s no bus here, so we had to walk home. 现在这里没有汽车了,我们只好走路回家了。
(3)含有have to, has to的句子需分别借助动词do, does构成疑问句或否定句。
Do they have to go now? 他们得现在回家吗?
You don’t have to go if you don’t want to. 如果你不想去,你就不必去。
辨析:have to可以用于多种时态;而must只用于一般现在时或一般将来时。
The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.
作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
辨析:must和have to的区别
情态动词
用法
must
“必须”,表示说话人的主观意志;只有must这一种形式。
have to
“必须,不得不”,强调客观需要;有人称、数和时态的变化。
例
You have to wear sports shoes when you climb a mountain.爬山的时候你必须穿运动鞋。41.(22-23七年级上·河北保定·期末)
【即学即练】
1.My sister is ill. She ________ stay home.
A.has to B.need to C.have to D.needs
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我妹妹病了。她不得不待在家里。
考查动词短语。has to不得不,动词的三单形式;need to需要,动词原形;have to不得不,动词原形;needs需要,动词的三单形式。根据“My sister is ill.”可知是生病,而“不得不”待在家里,该句是一般现在时,主语是She,应该是has to。故选A。
2. Alice gets up late today, so she ______ take the next bus.
A.must B.has to C.can D.could
【答案】B
【详解】句意:爱丽丝今天起晚了,所以她不得不乘下一班公共汽车。
考查情态动词。must必须(主观需要);has to不得不(客观所迫);can能;could能,过去式。根据“take the next bus.”可知她起晚了,不得不乘下一班公共汽车,表示客观所迫,用has to。故选B。
【当堂训练】
一、单项选择
( )1. Jim, ______ fight with your elder brother.
A. doesn’t B. don’t C. not D. no
( )2. The park is far away. We ______ take the subway to the park.
A. must B. can C. has to D. have to
( )3. -- Don’t make noise in the library.
-- ______
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can’t C. Yes, I know D. Sorry, I won’t
( )4. -- Must you do the dishes now?
-- No, I _____. But I want to do it now.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. needn’t
【答案】1.D2. D3.D4.B
( )5.—Must I park my car behind the building?
—No, you ________. You ________ park it here.
A.mustn’t; need B.don’t have to; may C.may not; must D.needn’t; must
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——我必须把车停在大楼后面吗?——不,你不必。你可以把车停在这儿。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;need需要;don’t have to不必;may可以;may not可能不;needn’t不必;must必须。根据“Must I park my car behind the building?”可知,以must开头的一般疑问句的否定回答用don’t have to/needn’t,排除A、C选项;空二处表示可以把车停在这儿,用may符合语境。故选B。
( )6.—Could you come with us this afternoon?
—Sorry, I ________. I ________ take care of my little sister because my mother is out.
A.can’t; may B.couldn’t; have to C.can’t; have to D.couldn’t; may
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——今天下午你能和我们一起去吗?——对不起,我不能。我必须照顾我的小妹妹,因为我妈妈不在。
考查情态动词。can’t不能;may可能;couldn’t不能;have to不得不。根据“Could you...”可知此处表示委婉语气,其否定回答用can’t,排除BD;根据“I...take care of my little sister”可知是不得不照顾妹妹,用have to。故选C。
( )7.—Tom, can you watch TV on weekends?
—Yes. But I finish my homework first.
A.can B.may C.must D.can't
【答案】C 句意:——Tom,周末你可以看电视吗?——可以。但我必须先完成我的家庭作业。must意为“必须;一定”,故答案选C。
( )8.We can the bus stop before 5 o'clock.
A.arrive at B.arrive in C.go on D.get
【答案】A 句意:我们能够在5点前到达公共汽车站。表示“到达”,arrive in后跟大地点,arrive at后跟小地点,get后加to才能接宾语。根据句中的the bus stop可知答案选A。
( )9.—Must I tell him everything?
—No, you . He knows everything.
A.don't have to B.mustn't C.must D.have to
【答案】A 问句是Must I引导的一般疑问句,其肯定回答常用“Yes, you must.”,否定回答常用“No, you needn't/don't have to.”,故答案选A。
( )10. My sister ________ (not have) to practice the piano every day.
A.doesn’t have B.didn’t have C.won’t have D.doesn’t have to
【答案】A
【详解】句意:我妹妹没必要每天练习弹钢琴。
考查否定句。根据“every day”可知,句中时态为一般现在时,主语为第三人称单数My sister,所以have to的否定形式为doesn’t have to,空处使用doesn’t have。故选A。
( )11.— Must we sing a song at the party?
— No, you ________.
A.mustn’t B.haven’t to C.not have to D.don’t have to
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我们必须在聚会上唱首歌吗?——不,你们不必。
考查情态动词。mustn’t禁止;haven’t to错误表达;not have to错误表达;don’t have to不必。回答must问句否定回答一般用needn’t/don’t have to,故选D。
二、句型转换。
1. Must I wear the school uniform every day? (补全答句)
No, you don’t .
2. I can ride a horse. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
a horse?
Yes, .
No, .
3. I have to do my homework after school. (对画线部分提问)
you after school?
4. Stand outside the classroom. (改为否定句)
outside the classroom.
5. Don’t fight in the classroom.(改为同义句)
in the classroom.
6. You can’t watch TV on school nights. (改为否定祈使句)
TV on school nights.
1. have to
【解析】句意:——我必须每天穿校服吗?——不,你不必。根据“Must I wear the school uniform every day? No, you don’t...”可知,情态动词must开头的一般疑问句,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to,答语是No开头,为否定,且主语you后是助动词don’t,have to表示“必须,不得不”。故填have;to。
2. Can you ride I can I can’t
【解析】句意:我会骑马。含有情态动词can的句子,改为一般疑问句时,应将原句中主语“I”变为“you”,将can提到主语前面,位于句首,首字母要大写,其后接动词原形;问句中,主语为you,作肯定回答,应表达为“Yes, I can”,作否定回答,应表达为“No, I can’t”。故填Can;you;ride;I can;I can’t。
3. What do have to do
【解析】句意:放学后我必须做作业。对“do my homework”提问用what“什么”;且do“做”为实义动词,主语为you,应用助动词do置于主语之前构成疑问;have to保持不变,后面跟动词原形do,表示“做”。故填What;do;have;to;do。
4. Don’t stand
【解析】句意:站在教室外面。原句为祈使句,改为否定句,应在行为动词前加don’t,即Don’t do sth.“不要做某事”。故填Don’t;stand。
5. No fighting
【解析】句意:不要在教室里打架。此处祈使句的否定形式可改为“No doing”结构,所以“不要打架”为No fighting。故填No;fighting。
6. Don’t watch
【解析】句意:你不能在上学的晚上看电视。否定祈使句的结构是:Don’t+动词原形;watch TV“看电视”,动词短语。故填Don’t;watch。
三、语法填空
A
Lin Tao studies in a famous middle school. There are many different 1 (rule) in his school.
He must wear the uniform 2 school days and he must 3 (keep) short hair. He can’t be late 4 class and can’t be 5 (noise) in the school library.
Lin Tao thinks all these are 6 (importance) and they are good for his growth. 7 he always follows them. For example, every morning, he always remembers 8 (get) up early. Then he arrives 9 the bus stop and takes a bus. On the bus, he likes 10 (listen) to English songs. After getting off the bus, he rides a shared bike to school. He is always on time.
【答案】
1. rules 2. on 3. keep 4. for 5. noisy 6. important 7. So 8. to get 9. at 10. listening
【分析】本文是一篇记叙文了,讲述了林涛就读于一所著名的中学,学校里有许多规则,例如他必须穿校服、留短发。他认为这些规则很重要,对他的成长有益,因此他总是遵守它们。
1. 句意:在他的学校有许多不同的规则。根据空前的“many different”可知,此处要用名词复数;rule“规则”,名词,其复数形式为rules。故填rules。
2. 句意:他上学时必须穿校服。根据“school days”可知,此处要用介词on;on school days表示“在上学的日子”。故填on。
3. 句意:他必须留短发。“must”是情态动词,后接动词原形;keep“保持”,动词,此处用原形。故填keep。
4. 句意:他上课不能迟到,也不能在学校图书馆里吵闹。根据“He can’t be late…class”可知,be late for表示“迟到”,固定短语。故填for。
5. 句意:他上课不能迟到,也不能在学校图书馆里吵闹。根据“can’t be…in the school library.”可知,“be”后要用形容词作表语;noise“噪音”,名词,其形容词为noisy,表示“吵闹的”。故填noisy。
6. 句意:林涛认为这些都很重要。根据“Lin Tao thinks all these are…”可知,此处要用形容词作表语;importance“重要性”,名词,其形容词为important,表示“重要的”。故填important。
7. 句意:所以他总是遵守它们。根据“Lin Tao thinks all these are …and they are good for his growth.”可知,林涛认为这些规则很重要,对他的成长有益,因此他总是遵守它们。so“因此,所以”,符合语境。故填so。
8. 句意:每天早上,他总是记得早起。remember to do sth.表示“记得要做某事”,此处要用不定式作宾语。故填to get。
9. 句意:然后他到公交车站,坐公交车。根据“the bus stop”是一个小地方,因此地点介词要用at;arrive at表示“到达”,固定短语。故填at。
10. 句意:在公共汽车上,他喜欢听英文歌。like doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”,此处要用动名词作宾语。listen“听”,动词,此处要用动名词listening。故填listening。
B
It’s a good idea for children to go to a summer camp. Now let's read some camp 1 (rule). It’s good 2 you to learn about them.
No running in the camp. For children, the camp is a good place to have 3 great time. They can sing, dance or 4 (have) a picnic here. And children can plan their camp 5 (different). But it’s dangerous to run in the camp. It’s easy to fall down and you may hurt your legs or hands.
Don’t eat food in tents. Children like to put some cakes or chocolates in 6 (they) tents. Some animals can smell them. It will be kind of scary 7 the animals get into the children’s tents.
It’s not allowed to play with fire. Most of children are 8 (interest) in the fire. However, it is unsafe for both children and trees around the camp.
Never leave the camp alone. You must stay near the camp. There 9 (be) many kinds of animals in the forest. When you want to walk around, you must go with your friends or teachers. Children are very easy to get 10 (lose).
No littering (乱扔垃圾) anywhere. You should try to keep your camp clean. In this way, all the people can enjoy the beauty of nature.
【答案】
1.rules 2.for 3.a 4.have 5.differently 6.their 7.if 8.interested 9.are 10.lost
【导语】本文主要写了夏令营的一些规则。
1.句意:现在让我们阅读一些营地规则。some后加可数名词复数rules“规则”。故填rules。
2.句意:了解它们对你有好处。此处是结构it’s adj. for sb. to do sth.“做某事对某人来说是……的”。故填for。
3.句意:对于孩子们来说,营地是一个玩得很开心的好地方。have a great time“玩得开心”。故填a。
4.句意:他们可以在这里唱歌、跳舞或野餐。or前后的动词形式一致,故此处用动词原形。故填have。
5.句意:孩子们可以用不同的方式规划他们的营地。此处修饰动词用副词differently“不同地”。故填differently。
6.句意:孩子们喜欢在他们的帐篷里放一些蛋糕或巧克力。修饰名词用形容词性物主代词their“他们的”。故填their。
7.句意:如果这些动物进了孩子们的帐篷,那会有点可怕。后句是前句的肯定条件,用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。
8.句意:大多数孩子对火灾感兴趣。be interested in“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。
9.句意:森林里有很多种动物。句子用一般现在时,主语是名词复数,be动词用are。故填are。
10.句意:孩子们很容易迷路。get lost“迷路”。故填lost。
6
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Unit 2 No Rules No Order
重点语法精讲精练(讲义)
一、祈使句
一、语法概述
祈使句表达请求、命令、警告、劝告、禁止等含义。一般以动词原形开头,常省略主语 “you”,句末用感叹号或句号,读时常用降调。
Go and wash your hands. 去洗手。(命令)
Be quiet, please.请安静。(请求)
Be kind to your sisters.对姐妹要和善。(劝告)
Watch your steps.走路小心。(警告)
Look out! Danger!小心!危险!(强烈警告)
Keep off the grass. 勿践踏草坪。(禁止)
Open the door,please.请把门打开。
Don't forget to take your medicine,Alice.爱丽丝,不要忘记吃药。
二、祈使句的类型
1.Do 型
肯定形式:实义动词原形 + 其他。例如:Open the door!(打开门!)
否定形式:Don't + 实义动词原形 + 其他。例如:Don't forget to turn off the lights.(别忘了关灯。)
Listen to me carefully,please.请仔细听我讲。
Don't do it like that!不要那样做!
Mary,don't be late for class again.玛丽,上课不要再迟到了。(容易错用 doesn't)
【即学即练】
1.—________ your homework here tomorrow, Lucy.
—All right, Ms Li.
A.Bring B.Brings C.To bring D.Bringing
2. Be 型
肯定形式:Be + 形容词。例如:Be careful!(小心!)
否定形式:Don't + e + 形容词。例如:Don't be lazy.(别偷懒。)
Be quiet,boys and girls!大家安静!
【即学即练】
1.______ quiet, please. You are in the library.
A.Keep B.To keep C.Keeping D.Keeps
3. Let 型
肯定形式:Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:Let's play football.(咱们踢足球吧。)
否定形式:
Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:Don't let the dog in the house.(别让狗进屋子。)
Let + 宾语 + not + 动词原形 + 其他。例如:Let him not go out alone.(别让他一个人出去。)
Let them not go out for a walk.It is raining.让他们别出去散步了。下雨了。
【即学即练】
1.(24-25七年级上·广东珠海·阶段练习)Let’s ________ the return (回归) of the panda Fu Bao.
A.welcome B.to welcome C.welcomes D.welcoming
4. No 型
结构:No + 名词/动词 - ing。例如:No parking.(禁止停车。);No littering.(禁止乱扔垃圾。)
No photos.不许拍照。
No parking!禁止停车!
No parking here.此处不准停车。
5.其他
形式:直接用名词、副词或 “名词 + 副词” 等。例如:Attention!(注意!);Forward!(向前!);Hands down!(把手放下!)
三、难点突破
祈使句与复合句的转换
if引导的条件状语从句可以转换成“祈使句+and/or+简单句”结构。
If you don't hurry, you'll not catch the early bus.
=Hurry up,or you'll not catch the early bus.如果你不快点,就赶不上早班公交车了。
If you work harder, you'll catch up with your classmates.
=Work harder,and you'll catch up with your classmates.如果你再努力些,你就会赶上你的同学。
拓展
1.强调:有时为强调,可在句首加 “Do” 或将祈使句的主语表示出来。例如:Do come in.(务必进来。);You clean the classroom.(你打扫教室。)
2.委婉客气:为使祈使句语气委婉、客气,可在句首或句末加 “please”,当 “please” 用在句末时,常用逗号与其余部分隔开。例如:Please pass me the book.(请递给我那本书。);Come in, please.(请进。)
巧学妙记
祈使句表命令,还表请求或建议。
动词原形放句首,主语是 you 常省去。
Don't 置前表否定,let 否定有两种。
想要客气 please,Do 置开头强语气。
祈使句的回答
1.由于祈使句所表达的动作是还未发生的,因此对它的应答通常要用“一般将来时”回答时一般用 “will” 或 “won't”。回答肯定形式的祈使句用 “will”,回答否定形式的祈使句用 “won't”。
—Please turn off the light when you go out.当你出去的时候请关上灯。
—OK,I will.好的,我会的。
Don't be late any more.不要再迟到了。
Sorry,I won't.对不起,我不会再迟到了。
2.以let开头的句式的肯定回答多用“Good idea.”,否定用“ Sorry,...”
—Let's chat on the Internet.我们上网聊天吧。
—Good idea.好主意。
【即学即练】一
一、用所给词的正确的形式填空。
1. (not eat) in class.
2. We must (be) careful when we cross the street.
3. It’s important for us (learn) English carefully.
4. No (swim) in the river.
5. (listen) to the teacher carefully.
二、单项选择。
1.It’s snowing. Please ________ warm clothes.
A.wear B.wears C.wearing D.to wear
2.Bill, ________ talk in class. We must listen ________ the teacher.
A.doesn’t; with B.doesn’t; to C.don’t; with D.don’t; to
3.________ me a postcard when you get to Australia. Don’t forget it!
A.To send B.Sends
C.Sending D.Send
4.Jim, ________ read in the sun. It’s bad for your eyes.
A.can’t B.isn’t C.doesn’t D.don’t
5.Mary, ________ to the teacher, please.
A.listening B.listens C.to listen D.listen
情态动词can/must/have to
一、can的用法
can是情态动词,意为"能;会",表示某人或某物具备的能力,还可用来提出请求,没有人称和数的变化,后面直接接动词原形。下面来看一下它的具体用法。
1. 表示有能力做某事,意为"能;会"。
I can speak English.我会讲英语。
He can play basketball.他会打篮球。[来
2. 表示许可,意为"可以"。
You can sit here.你可以坐在这儿。
3. 情态动词can表示推测,意为"可能",常用语否定句、疑问句中。
It can’t be a cat. It has a short tail. 它不可能是猫,它有一个短尾巴。
辨析:can和be able to的区别
情态动词
用法
can
只能用于一般现在时和一般过去时。
be able to
可用于各种时态。表示经过努力做成某事只能用 be able to.
Will you be able to camera the lecture tomorrow?明天你能把讲座录下来吗?
【即学即练】
1.Pigeons ________ fly at speeds of over 100km per hour. That’s as fast as my dad’s car!
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
2.— ________ Tom draw pictures well?
— Yes, he can. He likes it.
A.Can B.Does C.Would D.Is
二、must的用法
(1)must表示主观义务,意思是"应该,必须",其否定式mustn’t意为"不应该,不准"。情态动词不能单独作谓语动词,必须和动词原形一起构成谓语。
We must get there before five o’clock. 我们必须在五点钟前赶到那儿。
You mustn’t break the rules. 你不要破坏规定。
He must have seen the film last night. 他昨天晚上肯定看了那场电影。
You must read a book before you watch TV. 在看电视前你必须读书。
对用must所提问题的否定回答,常用needn’t或don’t have to,意思为:不必。
Must I stay here after school? 放学后我还得留在这儿吗?
No, you needn’t / don’t have to. 不了,没有必要。
(2)must表示推测,意思为:一定,必定(只用于肯定句中)。
He must be our headmaster. 他肯定是我们的校长。
(3)must用于否定句时,mustn’t意为"不允许,禁止",而不表示"不必"。
You mustn’t be late for school. 你千万不要上学迟到。
(4)以must开头的一般疑问句,若作否定回答,可以用needn’t或don’t have to,不用mustn’t。
—Must I clean all the rooms? 我必须打扫所有的房间吗?
—No, you needn’t/don’t have to. 不,你不必。
【即学即练】
1.—It’s been raining a lot this year, and I always have to go to school in the rain.
—I’m sorry to hear that. You ________ be tired of the rain.
A.can B.should C.must D.will
2.—Must I finish the school project today?
—No, you ________. You may do it tomorrow since you are a little tired today.
A.must B.need C.mustn’t D.needn’t
3.To ensure the safety of all students, the school has a rule that you __________ leave the classroom during the class without permission.
A.must B.mustn’t C.don’t have to D.can
3、 have to的用法
表示客观要求,意思为:不得不;必须;除此之外,别无选择。使用have to应注意以下几点:
(1)have to后接动词原形,意为"必须做……;不得不做……"。
We have no food home, you have to go and get some, Tom. 家里没有食物了,汤姆你得去买一些来。
(2)have to 有人称、数和时态的变化,其第三人称单数形式为has to。
She has to help her mom make dinner. 她不得不帮她妈妈做晚饭。
There’s no bus here, so we had to walk home. 现在这里没有汽车了,我们只好走路回家了。
(3)含有have to, has to的句子需分别借助动词do, does构成疑问句或否定句。
Do they have to go now? 他们得现在回家吗?
You don’t have to go if you don’t want to. 如果你不想去,你就不必去。
辨析:have to可以用于多种时态;而must只用于一般现在时或一般将来时。
The composition is due to hand in this morning, so I had to finish it last night.
作文今天早晨到期,因此我不得不昨天晚上完成。
辨析:must和have to的区别
情态动词
用法
must
“必须”,表示说话人的主观意志;只有must这一种形式。
have to
“必须,不得不”,强调客观需要;有人称、数和时态的变化。
例
You have to wear sports shoes when you climb a mountain.爬山的时候你必须穿运动鞋。41.(22-23七年级上·河北保定·期末)
【即学即练】
1.My sister is ill. She ________ stay home.
A.has to B.need to C.have to D.needs
2. Alice gets up late today, so she ______ take the next bus.
A.must B.has to C.can D.could
【当堂训练】
一、单项选择
( )1. Jim, ______ fight with your elder brother.
A. doesn’t B. don’t C. not D. no
( )2. The park is far away. We ______ take the subway to the park.
A. must B. can C. has to D. have to
( )3. -- Don’t make noise in the library.
-- ______
A. Yes, I can B. No, I can’t C. Yes, I know D. Sorry, I won’t
( )4. -- Must you do the dishes now?
-- No, I _____. But I want to do it now.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. don’t D. needn’t
( )5.—Must I park my car behind the building?
—No, you ________. You ________ park it here.
A.mustn’t; need B.don’t have to; may C.may not; must D.needn’t; must
( )6.—Could you come with us this afternoon?
—Sorry, I ________. I ________ take care of my little sister because my mother is out.
A.can’t; may B.couldn’t; have to C.can’t; have to D.couldn’t; may
( )7.—Tom, can you watch TV on weekends?
—Yes. But I finish my homework first.
A.can B.may C.must D.can't
( )8.We can the bus stop before 5 o'clock.
A.arrive at B.arrive in C.go on D.get
( )9.—Must I tell him everything?
—No, you . He knows everything.
A.don't have to B.mustn't C.must D.have to
( )10. My sister ________ (not have) to practice the piano every day.
A.doesn’t have B.didn’t have C.won’t have D.doesn’t have to
( )11.— Must we sing a song at the party?
— No, you ________.
A.mustn’t B.haven’t to C.not have to D.don’t have to
二、句型转换。
1. Must I wear the school uniform every day? (补全答句)
No, you don’t .
2. I can ride a horse. (改为一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答)
a horse?
Yes, .
No, .
3. I have to do my homework after school. (对画线部分提问)
you after school?
4. Stand outside the classroom. (改为否定句)
outside the classroom.
5. Don’t fight in the classroom.(改为同义句)
in the classroom.
6. You can’t watch TV on school nights. (改为否定祈使句)
TV on school nights.
三、语法填空
A
Lin Tao studies in a famous middle school. There are many different 1 (rule) in his school.
He must wear the uniform 2 school days and he must 3 (keep) short hair. He can’t be late 4 class and can’t be 5 (noise) in the school library.
Lin Tao thinks all these are 6 (importance) and they are good for his growth. 7 he always follows them. For example, every morning, he always remembers 8 (get) up early. Then he arrives 9 the bus stop and takes a bus. On the bus, he likes 10 (listen) to English songs. After getting off the bus, he rides a shared bike to school. He is always on time.
B
It’s a good idea for children to go to a summer camp. Now let's read some camp 1 (rule). It’s good 2 you to learn about them.
No running in the camp. For children, the camp is a good place to have 3 great time. They can sing, dance or 4 (have) a picnic here. And children can plan their camp 5 (different). But it’s dangerous to run in the camp. It’s easy to fall down and you may hurt your legs or hands.
Don’t eat food in tents. Children like to put some cakes or chocolates in 6 (they) tents. Some animals can smell them. It will be kind of scary 7 the animals get into the children’s tents.
It’s not allowed to play with fire. Most of children are 8 (interest) in the fire. However, it is unsafe for both children and trees around the camp.
Never leave the camp alone. You must stay near the camp. There 9 (be) many kinds of animals in the forest. When you want to walk around, you must go with your friends or teachers. Children are very easy to get 10 (lose).
No littering (乱扔垃圾) anywhere. You should try to keep your camp clean. In this way, all the people can enjoy the beauty of nature.
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3
原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权,侵权必究!
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